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1. COMMUNICATION BARRIERS TO THE CULTURALLY DEPRIVED.

Author

Chicago Univ., IL., Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago., AUSTIN, WILLIAM M., and MCDAVID, RAVEN I.

Abstract

THIS REPORT WAS DESIGNED (1) TO PROVIDE A MORE DETAILED AND SOPHISTICATED KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SOCIAL DIFFERENCES IN ORAL COMMUNICATION AND (2) TO ASCERTAIN THE ACCURACY WITH WHICH SUBJECTS COULD IDENTIFY THE RACE AND EDUCATION OF SPEAKERS WHOM THEY COULD NOT SEE. TO DETERMINE REACTIONS TO PRONUNCIATIONS, THE INVESTIGATORS DEVISED AN INSTRUMENT COMPOSED OF PRONUNCIATIONS BY SPEAKERS OF SPECIFIC REGIONAL AND ETHNIC BACKGROUNDS. THIS INSTRUMENT WAS ADMINISTERED TO SOME THREE HUNDRED RESPONDENTS, WHITES AND NEGROES IN ALMOST EQUAL NUMBERS, OF VARIOUS EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUNDS. IT WAS FOUND THAT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LOWER-CLASS WHITE SPEECH AND MIDDLE-CLASS TO LOWER-CLASS NEGRO SPEECH ARE MUCH MORE DIFFICULT TO DETECT THAN DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SPEECH OF WHITE CHICAGOANS AND SOUTHERN NEGROES. IT IS AN INTUITIVE REACTION THAT SUPRASEGMENTALS AND PARALANGUAGE ARE MORE EFFECTIVE INDICATORS OF ETHNIC BACKGROUND THAN VOCABULARY, GRAMMAR, OR PRONUNCIATION. (JL)

Published
2024

5. Soil carbon in the world’s tidal marshes

Author

Maxwell, Tania L., Spalding, Mark D., Friess, Daniel A., Murray, Nicholas J., Rogers, Kerrylee, Rovai, Andre S., Smart, Lindsey S., Weilguny, Lukas, Adame, Maria Fernanda, Adams, Janine B., Austin, William E. N., Copertino, Margareth S., Cott, Grace M., Duarte de Paula Costa, Micheli, Holmquist, James R., Ladd, Cai J. T., Lovelock, Catherine E., Ludwig, Marvin, Moritsch, Monica M., Navarro, Alejandro, Raw, Jacqueline L., Ruiz-Fernández, Ana-Carolina, Serrano, Oscar, Smeaton, Craig, Van de Broek, Marijn, Windham-Myers, Lisamarie, Landis, Emily, and Worthington, Thomas A.

Published
2024
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6. Joseph Russo

Author

Austin, William, Clark, Jonathan, Erickson, Emily, Hallett, Judith P., and Hunter, Kimberly

Published
2018
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10. Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes

Author

Maxwell, Tania L., Rovai, André S., Adame, Maria Fernanda, Adams, Janine B., Álvarez-Rogel, José, Austin, William E. N., Beasy, Kim, Boscutti, Francesco, Böttcher, Michael E., Bouma, Tjeerd J., Bulmer, Richard H., Burden, Annette, Burke, Shannon A., Camacho, Saritta, Chaudhary, Doongar R., Chmura, Gail L., Copertino, Margareth, Cott, Grace M., Craft, Christopher, Day, John, de los Santos, Carmen B., Denis, Lionel, Ding, Weixin, Ellison, Joanna C., Ewers Lewis, Carolyn J., Giani, Luise, Gispert, Maria, Gontharet, Swanne, González-Pérez, José A., González-Alcaraz, M. Nazaret, Gorham, Connor, Graversen, Anna Elizabeth L., Grey, Anthony, Guerra, Roberta, He, Qiang, Holmquist, James R., Jones, Alice R., Juanes, José A., Kelleher, Brian P., Kohfeld, Karen E., Krause-Jensen, Dorte, Lafratta, Anna, Lavery, Paul S., Laws, Edward A., Leiva-Dueñas, Carmen, Loh, Pei Sun, Lovelock, Catherine E., Lundquist, Carolyn J., Macreadie, Peter I., Mazarrasa, Inés, Megonigal, J. Patrick, Neto, Joao M., Nogueira, Juliana, Osland, Michael J., Pagès, Jordi F., Perera, Nipuni, Pfeiffer, Eva-Maria, Pollmann, Thomas, Raw, Jacqueline L., Recio, María, Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina, Russell, Sophie K., Rybczyk, John M., Sammul, Marek, Sanders, Christian, Santos, Rui, Serrano, Oscar, Siewert, Matthias, Smeaton, Craig, Song, Zhaoliang, Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen, Twilley, Robert R., Van de Broek, Marijn, Vitti, Stefano, Antisari, Livia Vittori, Voltz, Baptiste, Wails, Christy N., Ward, Raymond D., Ward, Melissa, Wolfe, Jaxine, Yang, Renmin, Zubrzycki, Sebastian, Landis, Emily, Smart, Lindsey, Spalding, Mark, and Worthington, Thomas A.

Published
2023
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14. Additionality in Blue Carbon Ecosystems: Recommendations for a Universally Applicable Accounting Methodology.

Author

Houston, Alex, Kennedy, Hilary, and Austin, William E. N.

Subjects
GREENHOUSE gases, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, CLIMATE change adaptation, ACCOUNTING methods
Abstract

Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store significant amounts of organic carbon (OC) in their soils. Consequently, the protection and restoration of BCEs may contribute to net greenhouse gas emissions abatement and help address the global challenges of both mitigating and adapting to climate change. An ongoing debate is whether OC sequestered out with the blue carbon (BC) project and transported to its present location (allochthonous) should be counted as 'additional'. There are inconsistencies in the treatment of allochthonous carbon between BCE methodologies, potentially undermining the credibility of global BC accounting initiatives. To explore these inconsistences, we compare the methodologies which we were able to find online, with particular focus on the VERRA, IPCC and BlueCAM methodologies, and review the science underlying any approach to account for allochthonous OC. Our findings indicate that there are currently no robust scientific approaches to define an appropriate apportioning of allochthonous OC for discounting in the calculation of additionality. We therefore advocate for the inclusion of allochthonous OC in BC crediting projects when an observational and experimental approach does not support the calculation (and discounting) of the refractory allochthonous carbon contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Carbon Storage in UK Intertidal Environments

Author

Austin, William E.N., primary, Smeaton, Craig, additional, Ruranska, Paulina, additional, Paterson, David M., additional, Skov, Martin W, additional, Ladd, Cai J.T., additional, McMahon, Lucy, additional, Havelock, Glenn M., additional, Gehrels, Roland, additional, Mills, Rob, additional, Barlow, Natasha L.M., additional, Burden, Annette, additional, Jones, Laurence, additional, and Garbutt, Angus, additional

Published
2022
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20. Fjords as Aquatic Critical Zones (ACZs)

Author

Bianchi, Thomas S., Arndt, Sandra, Austin, William E.N., Benn, Douglas I., Bertrand, Sebastien, Cui, Xingqian, Faust, Johan C., Koziorowska-Makuch, Katarzyna, Moy, Christopher M., Savage, Candida, Smeaton, Craig, Smith, Richard W., and Syvitski, Jaia

Published
2020
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23. Organic carbon stocks of Great British saltmarshes

Author

Smeaton, Craig, primary, Ladd, Cai J. T., additional, Miller, Lucy C., additional, McMahon, Lucy, additional, Garrett, Ed, additional, Barlow, Natasha L. M., additional, Gehrels, W. Roland, additional, Skov, Martin W., additional, and Austin, William E. N., additional

Published
2023
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25. A Strategic Planning Workbook.

Author

Salem Community Coll., Carneys Point, NJ. and Austin, William

Abstract

This workbook outlines the Salem Community College's (New Jersey) Strategic Planning Initiative (SPI), which will enable the college to enter the 21st Century as an active agent in the educational advancement of the Salem community. SPI will allow college faculty, staff, students, and the local community to reflect on the vitality of the college and its current and future relationship with all of its stakeholders. The strategic planning process will establish a set of eight planning teams: (1) academic assessment and program review; (2) community/customized education; (3) enrollment management and recruitment; (4) facilities; (5) financial planning; (6) information technology; (7) institutional advancement; and (8) student retention. Included in the workbook are four sections: (1) overview of the strategic planning process; (2) vision, mission evaluation and development; (3) meeting guidelines for strategic planning, which include information gathering and exploring, identifying and assessing alternative actions, creating criteria for choosing alternatives for action, and proposal development and planning; and (4) strategic plan format (template). Appendices A through D provide general expectations and principles that guide the planning process, a glossary of SCC strategic planning, tips on writing proposals and plans, and a sample meeting evaluation form. (AS)

Published
1999

29. DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTCAL DATABASE

Author

Bronk Ramsey, Christopher, primary, Adolphi, Florian, additional, Austin, William, additional, Bard, Edouard, additional, Bayliss, Alex, additional, Blaauw, Maarten, additional, Cheng, Hai, additional, Edwards, R. Lawrence, additional, Friedrich, Michael, additional, Heaton, Timothy, additional, Hogg, Alan, additional, Hua, Quan, additional, Hughen, Konrad, additional, Kromer, Bernd, additional, Manning, Sturt, additional, Muscheler, Raimund, additional, Palmer, Jonathan, additional, Pearson, Charlotte, additional, Reimer, Paula, additional, Reimer, Ron, additional, Richards, David, additional, Scott, Marian, additional, Southon, John, additional, Turney, Chris, additional, and Wacker, Lukas, additional

Published
2023
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30. Preventing Medical Device–Related Pressure Injuries Due to Noninvasive Ventilation Masks and Nasal Cannulas

Author

Kaitlyn Jenae, Duerst, Austin William, Clark, Diane Grace Brage, Hudson, and Leeza Ann, Struwe

Subjects
Adult, Oxygen, Noninvasive Ventilation, Masks, Cannula, Humans, General Medicine, Polyvinyl Chloride, Critical Care Nursing
Abstract

Background Medical device–related pressure injuries attributed to oxygen delivery devices are common yet preventable. Pressure injuries increase hospital costs, patients’ length of stay, and mortality rates. Objective To decrease medical device–related pressure injuries by transitioning patients from an over-the-nose noninvasive ventilation mask to a single-headset, interchangeable under-the-nose and over-the-nose noninvasive ventilation mask; replacing polyvinyl chloride nasal cannulas with a softer nasal cannula; and providing staff education on preventing pressure injuries related to oxygen delivery devices. Methods The project was implemented on 4 adult inpatient units with a total of 75 inpatient beds at an academic medical center. Interventions included implementing the trial noninvasive ventilation masks and nasal cannulas, alternating masks every 4 hours, relocating protective dressings, promoting the use of protective dressings for over-the-nose oral-nasal masks, and educating health care staff. Results In the 2 months before implementation (September and October 2020), 1 medical device–related pressure injury was caused by a noninvasive ventilation mask and 4 injuries were caused by nasal cannulas. During the 2 months of trial implementation (November and December 2020), no pressure injuries developed in patients using the trial devices. Discussion The interventions implemented had clinically relevant results. A larger sample size would be necessary to determine statistical significance. Postintervention data indicated a need for further education on evidence-based practice guidelines on mask alternation and use of preventive dressings to bolster compliance. Conclusion Following institutional approval, all noninvasive ventilation masks and nasal cannulas were transitioned to the trial devices at the study institution.

Published
2022
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31. Blue carbon additionality: New insights from the radiocarbon content of saltmarsh soils and their respired CO2.

Author

Houston, Alex, Garnett, Mark H, and Austin, William E. N.

Subjects
SALT marshes, CARBON isotopes, SOILS, CARBON, GREENHOUSE gases, HIGH temperatures
Abstract

International policy frameworks recognize the net drawdown and storage of atmospheric greenhouse gases through management interventions on blue carbon ecosystems (saltmarshes, mangroves, seagrasses) as potential emissions offset strategies. However, key questions remain around the "additionality" of the carbon sequestered by these ecosystems, and whether some fraction of the organic carbon (OC) that does not derive from in situ production (allochthonous) should be included in carbon budgets. This study compares the radiocarbon (14C) contents of saltmarsh soils and CO2 evolved from aerobic laboratory incubations to show that young OC is preferentially respired over aged OC, and that the latter is also vulnerable to remineralization under oxic conditions. This highlights that management interventions which reduce the exposure of saltmarsh soils to oxic conditions support the inclusion of some portion of allochthonous OC in carbon budgets. Elevated temperature incubations provide preliminary evidence that the predominant source of respired OC will not change under predicted future warmer conditions. Saltmarsh typology also influences the 14C content of both the bulk soil and respired CO2, highlighting the importance of site selection for optimized blue carbon additionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Accuracy Assessment of the eBee Using RTK and PPK Corrections Methods as a Function of Distance to a GNSS Base Station

Author

Cerreta, Joseph, Thirtyacre, David, Miller, Peter, Burgess, Scott S, Austin, William J, Cerreta, Joseph, Thirtyacre, David, Miller, Peter, Burgess, Scott S, and Austin, William J

Abstract

The use of unmanned aircraft systems to collect data for photogrammetry models has grown significantly in recent years. The accuracy of a photogrammetric model can depend on image georeferencing. The distance from a reference base station can affect the accuracy of the results. Positioning corrections data relies on precise timing measurements of satellite signals. The signals travel through the Earth's atmosphere, which introduces errors due to ionospheric and tropospheric delays. The aim of this research was to examine the eBee X and its global GNSS accuracy by comparing the RTK and PPK methods at different base station distances in photogrammetry models. Three factors were compared: 1) RTK and PPK methods, 2) local GNSS receiver via caster and NTRIP service corrections sources, and 3) base station distances between 2.4 km and 42.0 km. The eBee X flights occurred in 2023, at three different flying sites in Southwest Arizona in the United States. The RMSEXYZ values from eight Check Points at each of three flying sites were measured with traditional GNSS survey methods. Through ANOVA testing, there were no statistical differences in RMSEXYZ accuracy between RTK and PPK methods as well as between using a local Reach RS2 GNSS receiver via caster and NTRIP service for the eBee X; however, there was a statistical difference in RMSEXYZ accuracy between base station distances of 2.4 km to 42.0 km, whereas, F(5, 33) = 11.99, p = 0.000. Specifically, base station distances of less than 16.2 km were significantly less than larger distances up to 42.0 km. These data suggest there was a significant difference in total accuracy based on the distance from the GNSS receiver base station providing corrections for the eBee X.

Published
2023

34. Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes

Author

U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Mancomunidad de los Canales del Taibilla, Fundación Técnica Industrial, Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (New Zealand), Department of Science and Innovation (South Africa), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, German Research Foundation, Scottish Government, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Welsh Government, Xunta de Galicia, Velux Foundation, Maxwell, Tania L. [0000-0002-8413-9186], Adame, María Fernanda [0000-0001-9620-9252], Boscutti, Francesco [0000-0002-4969-2752], Böttcher, Michael Ernst [0000-0002-8877-0303], Burden, Annette [0000-0002-7694-1638], Worthington, Thomas [0000-0002-8138-9075], González-Pérez, José Antonio [0000-0001-7607-1444], Guerra, Roberta [0000-0002-7151-6616], Jones, Alice R. [0000-0002-6157-2024], Kohfeld, Karen E. [0000-0001-7241-1624], Krause-Jensen, Dorte [0000-0001-9792-256X], Lavery, Paul S. [0000-0001-5162-273X], Lovelock, Catherine E. [0000-0002-2219-6855], Megonigal, J. P. [0000-0002-2018-7883], Neto, João M. [0000-0002-9033-3671], Nogueira, Juliana [0000-0003-4858-8774], Pagès, Jordi F. [0000-0001-9346-8312], Pollmann, Thomas [0000-0001-9099-1618], Law, Jacqueline L. [0000-0002-5270-032X], Recio, M. [0000-0002-6186-6049], Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina [0000-0002-2515-1249], Sanders, Christian J. [0000-0003-0090-0896], Siewert, Matthias [0000-0003-2890-8873], Smeaton, Craig [0000-0003-4535-2555], Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen [0000-0001-9019-5590], Livia, Vittori Antisari [0000-0001-6970-6931], Raymond D. [0000-0002-7391-5530], Zubrzycki, Sebastian [0000-0002-6398-9173], Maxwell, Tania L., Rovai, André S., Adame, María Fernanda, Adams, Janine B., Álvarez-Rogel, José, Austin, William E. N., Beasy, Kim, Boscutti, Francesco, Böttcher, Michael Ernst, Bouma, Tjeerd J., Bulmer, Richard H., Burden, Annette, Burke, Shannon A., Camacho, Saritta, Chaudhary, Doongar R., Chmura, Gail L., Copertino, Margareth, Cott, Grace, Craft, Christopher, Day, John, de los Santos, Carmen B., Denis, Lionel, Ding, Weixin, Ellison, Joanna C., Worthington, Thomas, Lewis, Carolyn J. Ewers, Giani, Luise, Gispert, M., Gontharet, Swanne, González-Pérez, José Antonio, González-Alcaraz, María Nazaret, Gorham, Connor, Graversen, Anna Elizabeth L., Grey, Anthony, Guerra, Roberta, He, Qiang, Holmquist, James R., Jones, Alice R., Juanes, José A., Kelleher, Brian P., Kohfeld, Karen E., Krause-Jensen, Dorte, Lafratta, Anna, Lavery, Paul S., Laws, Edward A., Leiva-Dueñas, Carmen, Loh, Pei Sun, Lovelock, Catherine E., Lundquist, Carolyn J., Macreadie, Peter I., Mazarrasa, Inés, Megonigal, J. P., Neto, Joao M., Nogueira, Juliana, Osland, Michael J., Pagès, Jordi F., Perera, Nipuni, Pfeiffer, Eva M., Pollmann, Thomas, Law, Jacqueline L., Recio, M., Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina, Russell, Sophie K., Rybczyk, John M., Sammul, Marek, Sanders, Christian J., Santos, Rui, Serrano, Oscar, Siewert, Matthias, Smeaton, Craig, Song, Zhaoliang, Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen, Twilley, Robert R., Van de Broek, Marijn, Vitti, Stefano, Livia, Vittori Antisari, Voltz, Baptiste, Wails, Christy N., Ward, Raymond D., Ward, Melissa, Wolfe, Jaxine, Yang, Renmin, Zubrzycki, Sebastian, Landis, Emily, Smart, Lindsey, Spalding, Mark, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Mancomunidad de los Canales del Taibilla, Fundación Técnica Industrial, Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment (New Zealand), Department of Science and Innovation (South Africa), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, German Research Foundation, Scottish Government, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Welsh Government, Xunta de Galicia, Velux Foundation, Maxwell, Tania L. [0000-0002-8413-9186], Adame, María Fernanda [0000-0001-9620-9252], Boscutti, Francesco [0000-0002-4969-2752], Böttcher, Michael Ernst [0000-0002-8877-0303], Burden, Annette [0000-0002-7694-1638], Worthington, Thomas [0000-0002-8138-9075], González-Pérez, José Antonio [0000-0001-7607-1444], Guerra, Roberta [0000-0002-7151-6616], Jones, Alice R. [0000-0002-6157-2024], Kohfeld, Karen E. [0000-0001-7241-1624], Krause-Jensen, Dorte [0000-0001-9792-256X], Lavery, Paul S. [0000-0001-5162-273X], Lovelock, Catherine E. [0000-0002-2219-6855], Megonigal, J. P. [0000-0002-2018-7883], Neto, João M. [0000-0002-9033-3671], Nogueira, Juliana [0000-0003-4858-8774], Pagès, Jordi F. [0000-0001-9346-8312], Pollmann, Thomas [0000-0001-9099-1618], Law, Jacqueline L. [0000-0002-5270-032X], Recio, M. [0000-0002-6186-6049], Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina [0000-0002-2515-1249], Sanders, Christian J. [0000-0003-0090-0896], Siewert, Matthias [0000-0003-2890-8873], Smeaton, Craig [0000-0003-4535-2555], Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen [0000-0001-9019-5590], Livia, Vittori Antisari [0000-0001-6970-6931], Raymond D. [0000-0002-7391-5530], Zubrzycki, Sebastian [0000-0002-6398-9173], Maxwell, Tania L., Rovai, André S., Adame, María Fernanda, Adams, Janine B., Álvarez-Rogel, José, Austin, William E. N., Beasy, Kim, Boscutti, Francesco, Böttcher, Michael Ernst, Bouma, Tjeerd J., Bulmer, Richard H., Burden, Annette, Burke, Shannon A., Camacho, Saritta, Chaudhary, Doongar R., Chmura, Gail L., Copertino, Margareth, Cott, Grace, Craft, Christopher, Day, John, de los Santos, Carmen B., Denis, Lionel, Ding, Weixin, Ellison, Joanna C., Worthington, Thomas, Lewis, Carolyn J. Ewers, Giani, Luise, Gispert, M., Gontharet, Swanne, González-Pérez, José Antonio, González-Alcaraz, María Nazaret, Gorham, Connor, Graversen, Anna Elizabeth L., Grey, Anthony, Guerra, Roberta, He, Qiang, Holmquist, James R., Jones, Alice R., Juanes, José A., Kelleher, Brian P., Kohfeld, Karen E., Krause-Jensen, Dorte, Lafratta, Anna, Lavery, Paul S., Laws, Edward A., Leiva-Dueñas, Carmen, Loh, Pei Sun, Lovelock, Catherine E., Lundquist, Carolyn J., Macreadie, Peter I., Mazarrasa, Inés, Megonigal, J. P., Neto, Joao M., Nogueira, Juliana, Osland, Michael J., Pagès, Jordi F., Perera, Nipuni, Pfeiffer, Eva M., Pollmann, Thomas, Law, Jacqueline L., Recio, M., Ruiz-Fernández, Ana Carolina, Russell, Sophie K., Rybczyk, John M., Sammul, Marek, Sanders, Christian J., Santos, Rui, Serrano, Oscar, Siewert, Matthias, Smeaton, Craig, Song, Zhaoliang, Trasar-Cepeda, Carmen, Twilley, Robert R., Van de Broek, Marijn, Vitti, Stefano, Livia, Vittori Antisari, Voltz, Baptiste, Wails, Christy N., Ward, Raymond D., Ward, Melissa, Wolfe, Jaxine, Yang, Renmin, Zubrzycki, Sebastian, Landis, Emily, Smart, Lindsey, and Spalding, Mark

Abstract

Tidal marshes store large amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Field data quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks provide an important resource for researchers, natural resource managers, and policy-makers working towards the protection, restoration, and valuation of these ecosystems. We collated a global dataset of tidal marsh soil organic carbon (MarSOC) from 99 studies that includes location, soil depth, site name, dry bulk density, SOC, and/or soil organic matter (SOM). The MarSOC dataset includes 17,454 data points from 2,329 unique locations, and 29 countries. We generated a general transfer function for the conversion of SOM to SOC. Using this data we estimated a median (± median absolute deviation) value of 79.2 ± 38.1 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 30 cm and 231 ± 134 Mg SOC ha−1 in the top 1 m of tidal marsh soils globally. This data can serve as a basis for future work, and may contribute to incorporation of tidal marsh ecosystems into climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and policies.

Published
2023

35. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research

Author

Cerreta, Joseph, Ph.D., Austin, William, Ed.D., Thirtyacre, David, Ph.D., Burgess, Scott S, Ph.D., Miller, Peter, Cerreta, Joseph, Ph.D., Austin, William, Ed.D., Thirtyacre, David, Ph.D., Burgess, Scott S, Ph.D., and Miller, Peter

Abstract

Burmese pythons are an invasive, non-native species of snake to southern Florida and attempts at eradicating the snakes had yielded mixed results. The current rate of detection had been reported as 0.05%. The purpose of this research project was to determine if a UAS equipped with a near-infrared (NIR) camera could be used to detect pythons at a higher rate when compared to a RGB camera. The approach involved collecting 55 images from RGB and NIR cameras, over carcass pythons at flying heights of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 meters. A likelihood ratio consisting of a true positive rate over false positive rate was calculated from 101 participant survey responses. Participants were able to detect pythons from an NIR camera with greater likelihood (M = 6.05, SD = 1.94) than a RGB camera (M = 4.74, SD = 1.32), t(10) = 1.77, p = .048. The data suggests that survey participants could correctly detect pythons in images containing the pythons at a 1.3x greater rate with the NIR sensor than with the RGB sensor. Also, a true positive rate (TPR) showed the observation rate of correctly detecting a python when one was present in the image. The NIR camera images had higher TPR rates compared to RGB images. The largest difference between camera types was observed at the 15 meters flying height over an outstretched python; there was a 35% increase in participant detection accuracy using the NIR camera compared to the RGB camera. These results suggest that a UAS equipped with an NIR camera flying between 3 and 15 meters in a nadir-oriented position of 90 degrees can be used to detect pythons. Using a UAS equipped with an NIR camera over levees searching for exposed pythons may help biologists responsible for managing these invasive species determine if a python is present.

Published
2023

38. Blue carbon additionality: New insights from the radiocarbon content of saltmarsh soils and their respired CO2

Author

Houston, Alex, Garnett, Mark H, and Austin, William E. N.

Abstract

International policy frameworks recognize the net drawdown and storage of atmospheric greenhouse gases through management interventions on blue carbon ecosystems (saltmarshes, mangroves, seagrasses) as potential emissions offset strategies. However, key questions remain around the “additionality” of the carbon sequestered by these ecosystems, and whether some fraction of the organic carbon (OC) that does not derive from in situ production (allochthonous) should be included in carbon budgets. This study compares the radiocarbon (14C) contents of saltmarsh soils and CO2evolved from aerobic laboratory incubations to show that young OC is preferentially respired over aged OC, and that the latter is also vulnerable to remineralization under oxic conditions. This highlights that management interventions which reduce the exposure of saltmarsh soils to oxic conditions support the inclusion of some portion of allochthonous OC in carbon budgets. Elevated temperature incubations provide preliminary evidence that the predominant source of respired OC will not change under predicted future warmer conditions. Saltmarsh typology also influences the 14C content of both the bulk soil and respired CO2, highlighting the importance of site selection for optimized blue carbon additionality.

Published
2024
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39. Consistently dated Atlantic sediment cores over the last 40 thousand years

Author

Waelbroeck, Claire, Lougheed, Bryan C., Vazquez Riveiros, Natalia, Missiaen, Lise, Pedro, Joel, Dokken, Trond, Hajdas, Irka, Wacker, Lukas, Abbott, Peter, Dumoulin, Jean-Pascal, Thil, François, Eynaud, Frédérique, Rossignol, Linda, Fersi, Wiem, Albuquerque, Ana Luiza, Arz, Helge, Austin, William E. N., Came, Rosemarie, Carlson, Anders E., Collins, James A., Dennielou, Bernard, Desprat, Stéphanie, Dickson, Alex, Elliot, Mary, Farmer, Christa, Giraudeau, Jacques, Gottschalk, Julia, Henderiks, Jorijntje, Hughen, Konrad, Jung, Simon, Knutz, Paul, Lebreiro, Susana, Lund, David C., Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean, Malaizé, Bruno, Marchitto, Thomas, Martínez-Méndez, Gema, Mollenhauer, Gesine, Naughton, Filipa, Nave, Silvia, Nürnberg, Dirk, Oppo, Delia, Peck, Victoria, Peeters, Frank J. C., Penaud, Aurélie, Portilho-Ramos, Rodrigo da Costa, Repschläger, Janne, Roberts, Jenny, Rühlemann, Carsten, Salgueiro, Emilia, Sanchez Goni, Maria Fernanda, Schönfeld, Joachim, Scussolini, Paolo, Skinner, Luke C., Skonieczny, Charlotte, Thornalley, David, Toucanne, Samuel, Rooij, David Van, Vidal, Laurence, Voelker, Antje H. L., Wary, Mélanie, Weldeab, Syee, and Ziegler, Martin

Published
2019
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41. Sedimentation and carbon accumulation rates in UK saltmarshes

Author

Garrett, Ed, primary, Smeaton, Craig, additional, Gehrels, W. Roland, additional, Barlow, Natasha, additional, Blake, Will, additional, Koot, Martha B., additional, Miller, Lucy, additional, Havelock, Glenn, additional, McMahon, Lucy, additional, Ladd, Cai, additional, and Austin, William, additional

Published
2023
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45. Late Quaternary benthonic foraminiferal stratigraphy of the western U.K. Continental Shelf

Author

Austin, William E. N.

Subjects
551.46
Abstract

Late Quaternary deposits have been investigated from three main study areas from 'western Britain in an attempt to define lithological and biostratigraphic changes. Detailed analyses of included benthonic foraminiferal assemblages are presented and a systematic section included which describes and illustrates over 200 distinct forms. Chronostratigraphic control is provided by radiocarbon dates, amino acid analysis and tephrachronology. The three study areas yield distinctive records of the depositional environments characterizing the climatic events of the Late Quaternary. From the Hebridean Shelf, B.G.S. vibrocores have been analysed within the context of a previously established seismostratigraphic sequence. Foraminiferal faunas allow the reconstruction of a regional climatostratigraphic sequence for the Lateglacial period (c. 14,000 to 10,000 BP) and this sequence is correlated, through 9 radiocarbon (AMS) dates, to the established climatostratigraphy of the Lateglacial period from N.W. Europe. Reconstructions of notional water depths during this period allow glacio-isostatic components from the shelf to be estimated and these confirm a generally accepted pattern of changing relative sea-level, from initial regression following deglaciation and subsequent transgression as the eustatic component over-takes the isostatic component. Rising sea-levels are most notable after about 10,000 BP. A cliff section at Aberdaron on the western Lleyn Peninsula provides an insight into the controversy surrounding the question of depositional origin of the "Irish Sea Drift" sequences bordering the Irish Sea. Diamicts and sorted layers from the section contain mixed boreo-arctic, temperate and pre-Quaternary species, and allochthonous/autochthonous elements are identified. While lithological changes within the section are marked, the foraminiferal assemblages maintain relatively constant faunal ratios. None of the foraminifera are considered to be in situ, but instead entrained by the Irish Sea glacier during its passage along the Basin and deposited at the site by basal melt-out processes. The third study area, the southwestern Celtic Sea, records geomorphological evidence of previously extensive glaciation in the region. Microfaunas, both foraminifera and Ostracoda, are analysed and record a transition from grounded ice lodgement facies to quiet, glacial marine facies at about 49°30 N. Amino acid analysis confirms the geomorphological evidence for glacial marine accumulation during the Late Devensian.

Published
1991

46. telebehavioral health the ROI for long-term care: Findings of a three-year study that involved 7,000 patients in long-term care facilities show telebehavioral health can produce a meaningful ROI

Author

Rossiter, Louis, Austin, William, and Gammon, Jonathon

Subjects
Long term care facilities -- Surveys, Public health -- Surveys, Long term care -- Surveys, Return on investment -- Surveys, Return on investment, Business, Health care industry
Abstract

Telebehavioral health is an innovation with the potential to lower overall costs of care by keeping residents of long-term care facilities out of the hospital and the emergency department (ED). [...]

Published
2018

47. REVIEW: SOLUTIONS FOR GRAND CHALLENGES IN GOAT AND SHEEP PRODUCTION INDUSTRY

Author

Mildred Elizabeth Aldridge, Jasmyn Elaine Fearon, Bethany Peyton Haynes, Hannah Marie Miller, Katie Yvonne Sanford, Rachel Rebecca Scott, William Wess Anglin, Lauren Susanne Blalock, Briana Lashun Burkes, Olivia Lucienne Cohn-White, Brittany Renee Franks, Haleigh Margaret Giles, Ashley Lorraine Greene, Riley Dawn Hanby, Anna Grace Holliman, John Mark Kirby, Austin William Klein, Courtney Ann Lehmann, Grace Jennette Llyod, Cody Triston Lore, Tyler B. McMurray, Zachary Vinz Moody, Brianna Nicole Palmer, Lindsey Virginia Pansano, Ryan Matthew Pickle, Laura Marie Schaeffer, Jeneva Ruth Seidl, James Dean Smith, Hannah Faith Stepp, Faisal Amri Satrio, Naseer Ahmad Kutchy, Ed Dechert, Cobie Rutherford, Kipp Brown, Bambang Purwantara, and Erdogan Memili

Subjects
Agriculture, biomedical research, goat, sheep, sustainable production, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Goats and sheep are valuable as they are a source of meat, milk, fleece, and other products. These livestock are also important both for agriculture and biomedical research. However, the efficient, sustainable, and profitable production of these small ruminants faces major obstacles. Hence, this review analyzes these major challenges specifically, their negative impacts on the industry, and suggests some science-based solutions to overcome them. Those challenged areas are education and training, research, translational research/biotechnology, goat and sheep health, and maintenance of an economically sustainable agribusiness. The suggested solutions include the effective teaching of goat and sheep science to the next generation and public empowerment, support for innovative and translational research, disease prevention and treatment, support for technology transfer, and development of sound agribusiness practices. This review is helpful particularly for scientists, students, and the goat and sheep producers. In general, these information on the current state of goat and sheep agriculture will also help the public to better understand and appreciate the challenges met and opportunities provided in small ruminant production enterprises.

Published
2018
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