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1. Health procrastination: The experience of 35-44 years old men

Author

Silkane V. and Austers I.

Subjects
Social Sciences
Abstract

The focal concept of this study is health procrastination. Delay in seeking help from medical practitioners is an increasing problem in Latvia, particularly with men between the ages of 35-44. Failures in primary and secondary prevention create a number of negative consequences, for instance, longer and more complex treatment; lower recovery prognosis as well as higher treatment costs. Nevertheless, the aforementioned group often avoids medical treatment. The aim of this study was to understand the experience of 35-44 years old men in terms of their health procrastination in qualitative terms. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 48 men within the age range of 35-44 years were conducted. Data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The following dominant themes are: delay of health behaviour, time management, motivation emerged during the analysis: conscientiousness, task avoidance, effort, short-term vs. long-term thinking, gains and losses assessment, and time discounting. Conclusions followed: there are three main concepts – personality traits, discounting and task characteristics – that bring together the experience of health procrastination for 35-44 years old males.

Published
2018
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2. Narcissism and the Strategic Pursuit of Short-Term Mating: Universal Links across 11 World Regions of the International Sexuality Description Project-2

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Alves, I. C. B., Anderson, C. A., Angelini, A. L., Asendorpf, J. B., Austers, I., Balaguer Solá, Isabel, Baptista, A., Bender, S. S., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Birashk, B., Bleske-Rechek, A., Boholst, F. A., Boothroyd, L., Borja, T., Bos, A., Brainerd, E., Brase, G. L., Brites, J., Burakova-Lorgnier, M., Byrd, M., Camilleri, J. A., Camperio-Ciani, A., Caral, L. G. A., Carnelley, K., Carvalho, M., Casson, J., Castillo Fernández, Isabel María, Castro, A., Casullo, M. M., Chirkov, V. I., Choi, J., Cohen, D., Collin-Hansen, C. A., Commisso, M. A., Cordovez, L., and Cukur, C. S.

Subjects
Psicologia social, Sexualitat (Psicologia)
Abstract

Previous studies have documented links between sub-clinical narcissism and the active pursuit of short-term mating strategies (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality, marital infidelity, mate poaching). Nearly all of these investigations have relied solely on samples from Western cultures. In the current study, responses from a cross-cultural survey of 30,470 people across 53 nations spanning 11 world regions (North America, Central/South America, Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, Southeast Asia, and East Asia) were used to evaluate whether narcissism (as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI) was universally associated with short-term mating. Results revealed narcissism scores (including two broad factors and seven traditional facets as measured by the NPI) were functionally equivalent across cultures, reliably associating with key sexual outcomes (e.g., more active pursuit of short-term mating, intimate partner violence, and sexual aggression) and sex-related personality traits (e.g., higher extraversion and openness to experience). Whereas some features of personality (e.g., subjective well-being) were universally associated with socially adaptive facets of Narcissism (e.g., self-sufficiency), most indicators of short-term mating (e.g., unrestricted sociosexuality and marital infidelity) were universally associated with the socially maladaptive facets of narcissism (e.g., exploitativeness). Discussion addresses limitations of these cross-culturally universal findings and presents suggestions for future research into revealing the precise psychological features of narcissism that facilitate the strategic pursuit of short-term mating.

Published
2017

3. Geographic Distribution of Big Five Personality Traits: Patterns and Profiles of Human Self-Description Across 56 Nations

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Allik, J., McCrae, R. R., Benet-Martínez, V., Alcalay, L., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. Borg, Braeckman, J., Jr, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. Martina, Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fry, D. P., Fry, S., Ghayur, M. Arif, Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-evi, J., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lee, S.-J., Leung, L. Chung, Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., McCarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'Yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Shaver, P. R., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Speelman, T., Spyrou, S., Sumer, H. Canan, Sumer, N., Supekova, M., Szlendak, T., Taylor, R., Timmermans, B., Tooke, W., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Vandermassen, G., Vanhoomissen, T., Overwalle, F. Van, Vanwesenbeeck, I., Vasey, P. L., Verissimo, J., Voracek, M., Wan, W. W. N., Wang, T.-W., Weiss, P., Wijaya, A., Woertman, L., Youn, G., Zupaneie, A., Sharan, M. B., Lavallée, M., Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883], Echegaray, Marcela, and Herrera, Dora

Subjects
Agreeableness, Cultural Studies, Cultura, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Culture, Big Five model, 050109 social psychology, Personality -- Case studies, Big Five personality traits and culture, Big Five, Cross-cultural psychology, Personality traits, Hierarchical structure of the Big Five, Social psychology, ddc:150, 0502 economics and business, Openness to experience, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Anthropology, Big Five personality traits, Personalidad, Psicología social, media_common, 05 social sciences, Conscientiousness, personality traits, cross-cultural psychology, Big Five, Psicología / Psicología de la conducta, Facet (psychology), Ethnopsychology, Psychology, Personality assessment, 050203 business & management
Abstract

The Big Five Inventory (BFI) is a self-report measure designed to assess the high-order personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness. As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, the BFI was translated from English into 28 languages and administered to 17,837 individuals from 56 nations. The resulting cross-cultural data set was used to address three main questions: Does the factor structure of the English BFI fully replicate across cultures? How valid are the BFI trait profiles of individual nations? And how are personality traits distributed throughout the world? The five-dimensional structure was robust across major regions of the world. Trait levels were related in predictable ways to self-esteem, sociosexuality, and national personality profiles. And people from the geographic regions of South America and East Asia were significantly different in openness from those inhabiting other world regions. The discussion focuses on limitations of the current data set and important directions for future research., peer-reviewed

Published
2007
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4. Patterns and universals of adult romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions: Are models of self and of other pancultural constructs?

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allensworth, M., Allik, J., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. B., Braeckman, J., Jr, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. M., Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fowler, R., Fry, D. P., Fry, S., Ghayur, M. A., Giri, V. N., Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hitchell, A., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-Evi, J., Huffcutt, A., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lee, S.-J., Leung, L. C., Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., Mccarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Olimat, H., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schleeter, R., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Lavallée, M., Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883], Echegaray, Marcela, and Herrera, Dora

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Social psychology (sociology), Cultura, Social Psychology, Apego (Psicología), Culture, Amor, 050109 social psychology, Human sexuality, Ciencias sociales / Estudios culturales, Interpersonal relations -- Case studies, Social psychology, Human mating strategies, Internal working models, Romantic attachment, Anthropology, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Psicología / Procesos afectivos, ddc:150, Attachment theory, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Sociocultural evolution, 05 social sciences, Interpersonal relations and culture, Romance, Problem of universals, Normative, Psychology
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), a self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies., peer-reviewed

Published
2004

5. Culture-level dimensions of social axioms and their correlates across 41 cultures

Author

Bond, M.H. Leung, K. Au, A. Tong, K.-K. De Carrasquel, S.R. Murakami, F. Yamaguchi, S. Bierbrauer, G. Singelis, T.M. Broer, M. Boen, F. Lambert, S.M. Ferreira, M.C. Noels, K.A. Van Bavel, J. Safdar, S. Zhang, J. Chen, L. Solcova, I. Stetovska, I. Niit, T. Niit, K.-K. Hurme, H. Böling, M. Franchi, V. Magradze, G. Javakhishvili, N. Boehnke, K. Klinger, E. Huang, X. Fulop, M. Berkics, M. Panagiotopoulou, P. Sriram, S. Chaudhary, N. Ghosh, A. Vohra, N. Iqbal, D.F. Kurman, J. Thein, R.D. Comunian, A.L. Son, K.A. Austers, I. Harb, C. Odusanya, J.O.T. Ahmed, Z.A. Ismail, R. Van De Vijver, F. Ward, C. Mogaji, A. Sam, D.L. Khan, M.J.Z. Cabanillas, W.E. Sycip, L. Neto, F. Cabecinhas, R. Xavier, P. Dinca, M. Lebedeva, N. Viskochil, A. Ponomareva, O. Burgess, S.M. Oceja, L. Campo, S. Hwang, K.-K. D'Souza, J.B. Ataca, B. Furnham, A. Lewis, J.R.

Abstract

Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and conservatism and with national indices indicative of lower social development. Societal Cynicism is less strongly and broadly correlated with previous values measures or other national indices and seems to define a novel cultural syndrome. Its national correlates suggest that it taps the cognitive component of a cultural constellation labeled maleficence, a cultural syndrome associated with a general mistrust of social systems and other people. Discussion focused on the meaning of these national level factors of beliefs and on their relationships with individual level factors of belief derived from the same data set.

Published
2004

6. Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allensworth, M., Allik, J., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. Borg, Braeckman, J., JR, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. M., Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fowler, R., Fry, D. P., Sirpa, F. R. Y., Ghayur, M. A., Giri, V. N., Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hitchell, A., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-Evi, J., Huffcutt, A., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Suk-Jae, L. E. E., Leung, L. C., Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., Mccarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Olimat, H., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'Yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schleeter, R., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Lavallée, M., Echegaray, Marcela, Herrera, Dora, and Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883]

Subjects
Gender equity, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Apego (Psicología), Human sexuality, Relaciones de pareja, Social role -- Case studies, Ciencias sociales / Estudios culturales, Interpersonal relations -- Case studies, Developmental psychology, Psicología / Procesos afectivos, Attachment behavior, ddc:150, Sex differences, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Couple relationships, Social role, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Sociocultural evolution, health care economics and organizations, media_common, Survey research, Research findings, Romance, humanities, Anthropology, Ideology, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

The authors thank Susan Sprecher (USA), Del Paulhus (Canada), Glenn D. Wilson (England), Qazi Rahman (England), Alois Angleitner (Germany), Angelika Hofhansl (Austria), Tamio Imagawa (Japan), Minoru Wada (Japan), Junichi Taniguchi (Japan), and Yuji Kanemasa (Japan) for helping with data collection and contributing significantly to the samples used in this study., Gender differences in the dismissing form of adult romantic attachment were investigated as part of the International Sexuality Description Project—a survey study of 17,804 people from 62 cultural regions. Contrary to research findings previously reported in Western cultures, we found that men were not significantly more dismissing than women across all cultural regions. Gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment were evident in most cultures, but were typically only small to moderate in magnitude. Looking across cultures, the degree of gender differentiation in dismissing romantic attachment was predictably associated with sociocultural indicators. Generally, these associations supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment, with smaller gender differences evident in cultures with high–stress and high–fertility reproductive environments. Social role theories of human sexuality received less support in that more progressive sex–role ideologies and national gender equity indexes were not cross–culturally linked as expected to smaller gender differences in dismissing romantic attachment., peer-reviewed

Published
2003

7. Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety : tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. Borg, Braeckman, J., Jr, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. Martina, Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fry, D. P., Fry, S., Ghayur, M. Arif, Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-evi, J., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lee, S.-J., Leung, L. Chung, Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., McCarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Shaver, P. R., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Speelman, T., Spyrou, S., Sumer, H. C., Sumer, N., Supekova, M., Szlendak, T., Taylor, R., Timmermans, B., Tooke, W., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Vandermassen, G., Vanhoomissen, T., Overwalle, F. Van, Vanwesenbeeck, I., Vasey, P. L., Verissimo, J., Voracek, M., Wan, W. W. N., Wang, T.-W., Weiss, P., Wijaya, A., Woertman, L., Youn, G., Zupaneie, A., Lavallée, M., Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883], Echegaray, Marcela, Herrera, Dora, Personality and Social Psychology, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, Time Factors, Social Psychology, Sociology and Political Science, sociale roles, Sexual Behavior, Culture, Poison control, Human sexuality, Interpersonal relations, Female, Humans, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mujeres-Conducta sexual, Conducta sexual, Interpersonal relationship, Mate selection -- Case studies, ddc:150, Sex differences, East Asia, Psychosexual behavior, Men-Psychosexual behavior, Sexual differentiation, International Sexuality Description Project, Women-Psychosexual behavior, Physical attractiveness, Evolutionary psychology, Psicología / Psicología de la conducta, Mate choice, Hombres-Conducta sexual, Psychology, Social psychology, Demography
Abstract

Evolutionary psychologists have hypothesized that men and women possess both long-term and short-term mating strategies, with men's short-term strategy differentially rooted in the desire for sexual variety. In this article, findings from a cross-cultural survey of 16,288 people across 10 major world regions (including North America, South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia) demonstrate that sex differences in the desire for sexual variety are culturally universal throughout these world regions. Sex differences were evident regardless of whether mean, median, distributional, or categorical indexes of sexual differentiation were evaluated. Sex differences were evident regardless of the measures used to evaluate them. Among contemporary theories of human mating, pluralistic approaches that hypothesize sex differences in the evolved design of short-term mating provide the most compelling account of these robust empirical findings., peer-reviewed

Published
2003

8. Ability to take an out–group’s perspective in explaining positive and negative behaviors.

Author

Austers, I.

Subjects
*ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology), *INTERGROUP relations, *BEHAVIORAL assessment
Abstract

A total of 251 Latvian and Russian schoolteachers explained positive and negative behaviours from their own perspective and from the perspective of an ethnic out–group. The results were in line with the attributional pattern usually found in studies using Hewstone’s direct perspective of judgement, when participants are asked to take the perspective of an ethnic out–group. That is, there was an outcome effect in causal attributions for in–group actors and a categorization effect for negative behaviour from the imagined (out–group’s) perspective. The attributions from the direct perspective only partly replicated the commonly found pattern. The results support Montgomery’s perspective theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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9. Are men universally more dismissing than women? Gender differences in romantic attachment across 62 cultural regions

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allensworth, M., Allik, J., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Borg Cunen, M. A., Braeckman, J., Brainerd Jr, E. G., Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. M., Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C., Souza, E., Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fowler, R., Fry, D. P., Sirpa, F. R. Y., Ghayur, M. A., Giri, V. N., Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hitchell, A., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-Evi, J., Huffcutt, A., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A. -R, Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lavallée, M., Suk-Jae, L. E. E., Leung, L. C., Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., Mccarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., MIGUEL MOYA, Munyae, M., Noller, P., Olimat, H., Opre, A., Panayiotou, A., Petrovtc, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P Yatokha, V., Raymond, M., Reips, U. -D, Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schleeter, R., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., and Shackelford, T. K.

Subjects
Social Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Anthropology, Life-span and Life-course Studies

10. Patterns and Universals of Mate Poaching Across 53 Nations: The Effects of Sex, Culture, and Personality on Romantically Attracting Another Person's Partner

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Angleitner, A., Ault, L., Austers, I., Bennett, K. L., Bianchi, G., Boholst, F., Cunen, M. A. Borg, Braeckman, J., Jr, E. G. Brainerd, Caral, L. G. A., Caron, G., Casullo, M. Martina, Cunningham, M., Daibo, I., Backer, C. De, Souza, E. De, Diaz-Loving, R., Diniz, G., Durkin, K., Echegaray, M., Eremsoy, E., Euler, H. A., Falzon, R., Fisher, M. L., Foley, D., Fry, D. P., Fry, S., Ghayur, M. Arif, Golden, D. L., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Halberstadt, J., Haque, S., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., Hooper, D., Hradilekova, Z., Hudek-Kene-evi, J., Jaafar, J., Jankauskaite, M., Kabangu-Stahel, H., Kardum, I., Khoury, B., Kwon, H., Laidra, K., Laireiter, A.-R., Lakerveld, D., Lampert, A., Lauri, M., Lee, S.-J., Leung, L. Chung, Locke, K. D., Locke, V., Luksik, I., Magaisa, I., Marcinkeviciene, D., Mata, A., Mata, R., McCarthy, B., Mills, M. E., Mkhize, N. J., Moreira, J., Moreira, S., Moya, M., Munyae, M., Noller, P., Opre, A., Panayiotou, Alexia, Petrovic, N., Poels, K., Popper, M., Poulimenou, M., P'yatokha, V., Raymond, M. A., Reips, U.-D., Reneau, S. E., Rivera-Aragon, S., Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rus, V. S., Safir, M. P., Salas, S., Sambataro, F., Sandnabba, K. N., Schulmeyer, M. K., Schutz, A., Scrimali, T., Shackelford, T. K., Shaver, P. R., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Speelman, T., Spyrou, S., Sumer, H. Canan, Sumer, N., Supekova, M., Szlendak, T., Taylor, R., Timmermans, B., Tooke, W., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Vandermassen, G., Vanhoomissen, T., Overwalle, F. Van, Vanwesenbeeck, I., Vasey, P. L., Verissimo, J., Voracek, M., Wan, W. W. N., Wang, T.-W., Weiss, P., Wijaya, A., Woertman, L., Youn, G., Zupaneie, A., Lavallée, M., and Panayiotou, Alexia [0000-0001-6351-4883]

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Male, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, Interpersonal attraction -- Case studies, media_common.quotation_subject, Sexual Behavior, Culture, Poison control, Human sexuality, Interpersonal relations -- Case studies, Interpersonal attraction, ddc:150, Mate selection, Personality, Humans, East Asia, Interpersonal Relations, media_common, Extramarital sex, Female, Love, Sexual attraction, Poaching, Gender studies, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching--romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship--was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions., peer-reviewed

11. Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating: Universal links across 11 world regions of the international sexuality description project-2,Narcisismo y búsqueda estratégica del emparejamiento a corto plazo a través de las culturas: Enlaces omnipresentes a través de 11 regiones mundiales del Proyecto de la descripción de la sexualidad internacional 2

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Alves, I. C. B., Anderson, C. A., Angelini, A. L., Asendorpf, J. B., Austers, I., Balaguer, I., Baptista, A., Bender, S. S., Bennett, K., Bianchi, G., Birashk, B., Bleske-Rechek, A., Boholst, F. A., Boothroyd, L., Borja, T., Bos, A., Brainerd, E., Brase, G. L., Brites, J., Burakova-Lorgnier, M., Byrd, M., Camilleri, J. A., Ciani, A. C., Caral, L. G. A., Carnelley, K. B., Carvalho, M., Casson, J., Castillo, I., Castro, A., Casullo, M., Chirkov, V. I., Choi, J., Cohen, D., Collin-Hansen, C. A., Commisso, M. A., Consuegra, E., Cordovez, L., Cukur, C. S., Cunen, M. A. B., Cunningham, M., Curl, L., Daniel, P., Denissen, J. J. A., Desmarais, S., Desouza, E., Diaz-Loving, R., Elias, M. S., Endriulaitiene, A., Eremsoy, E., Expósito, F., Falzon, R., Fernandez, A. M., Fernando, K., Ferreira, J. H. B. P., Fink, B., Fisher, M., Fitness, J., Flowers, K., Frederick, D., Fry, S., Fukushima, O., Gaines, S. O., Galliher, R. V., Gandari, E., Geher, G., Gentile, D. A., Geri, J. M., Giri, V. N., Golden, D., Gordon, F., Gordon, K. C., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Giunta, S., Hajdú, E., Halberstadt, J., Hald, G., Halim, M. S., Haque, S., Harlem, S. K., Hearns, K. A., Heaven, P., Helweg-Larsen, M., Herrera, E., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., Høgh-Olesen, H., Houle, B. J., Hudek-Knezevic, J., Jaafar, J., Kafetsios, K., Kardum, I., Kennair, L. E. O., Khoury, B., Kökény, T., Koller, S., Konrads, S., Kraft, J. R., Kuhle, B. X., Kun, A., Laireiter, A. -R, Lányi, K., Lauri, M., Lavy, S., Lawal, O. A., Legkauskas, V., Li, C., Lin, H. -Y, Lloyd, R., Locke, K. D., Lombardo, S. A., Luksik, I., Lythe, B., Lyubomirsky, S., Malinen, S., Martin, H. J., Mashego, T. -A B., Mills, M. E., Mikulincer, M., Mordeno, I. G., Moya, M., Ndeya-Ndereya, C., Nelissen, M., Neyer, F. J., Nyborg, H., Oliveira, V. B., Opre, A., Osman, S. L., Paulhus, D. L., Pawlowski, B., Penke, L., Peplau, L. A., Petrovic, N., Platek, S. M., Podobnik, N., Polonyi, T., Popper, M., Reips, U. -D, Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rukuni, M. M., Rus, V. S., Sagarin, B. J., Sakaguchi, K., Salas, S., Kenneth Sandnabba, N., Santtila, P., Schachner, D. A., Schmidt, M., Schütz, A., Shackelford, T. K., Shaver, P. R., Sibisi, L. B. T., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Souma, T., Stanojevic, T. S., Sukiennik, I., Sümer, N., Szeghy, P., Szente, S. L., Szlendak, T., Tefera, D., Thoma, N., Tifferet, S., Tkach, C., Tordai, Z., Tranthan, E., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Duynslaeger, M., Empelen, P., Overwalle, F., Vanwesenbeeck, I., Marco Varella, Vera-Villarroel, P., Voracek, M., Vorontsov, D., Wan, W., Weiss, P., Welsh, D. P., Widyatmoko, S., Woertman, L., Wood, E., Woodward, L., Ye, H., Youn, G., and Zupančič, A.

12. Narcissism and the strategic pursuit of short-term mating: Universal links across 11 world regions of the international sexuality description project-2 | Narcisismo y búsqueda estratégica del emparejamiento a corto plazo a través de las culturas: Enlaces omnipresentes a través de 11 regiones mundiales del Proyecto de la descripción de la sexualidad internacional 2

Author

Schmitt, D. P., Alcalay, L., Allik, J., Alves, I. C. B., Anderson, C. A., Angelini, A. L., Asendorpf, J. B., Austers, I., Balaguer, I., Baptista, A., Bender, S. S., Bennett, K., Bianchi, G., Birashk, B., Bleske-Rechek, A., Boholst, F. A., Boothroyd, L., Borja, T., Bos, A., Brainerd, E., Brase, G. L., Brites, J., Burakova-Lorgnier, M., Byrd, M., Camilleri, J. A., Ciani, A. C., Caral, L. G. A., Carnelley, K. B., Carvalho, M., Casson, J., Castillo, I., Castro, A., Casullo, M., Chirkov, V. I., Choi, J., Cohen, D., Collin-Hansen, C. A., Commisso, M. A., Consuegra, E., Cordovez, L., Cukur, C. S., Cunen, M. A. B., Cunningham, M., Curl, L., Daniel, P., Denissen, J. J. A., Desmarais, S., Desouza, E., Diaz-Loving, R., Elias, M. S., Endriulaitiene, A., Eremsoy, E., Expósito, F., Falzon, R., Fernandez, A. M., Fernando, K., Ferreira, J. H. B. P., Fink, B., Fisher, M., Fitness, J., Flowers, K., Frederick, D., Fry, S., Fukushima, O., Gaines, S. O., Galliher, R. V., Gandari, E., Geher, G., Gentile, D. A., Geri, J. M., Giri, V. N., Golden, D., Gordon, F., Gordon, K. C., Grammer, K., Grimaldi, L., Giunta, S., Hajdú, E., Halberstadt, J., Hald, G., Halim, M. S., Haque, S., Harlem, S. K., Hearns, K. A., Heaven, P., Helweg-Larsen, M., Herrera, E., Herrera, D., Hertel, J., Hoffmann, H., H Gh-Olesen, H., Houle, B. J., Hudek-Knezevic, J., Jaafar, J., Kafetsios, K., Kardum, I., Kennair, L. E. O., Khoury, B., Kökény, T., Koller, S., Konrads, S., Kraft, J. R., Kuhle, B. X., Kun, A., Laireiter, A. -R, Lányi, K., Lauri, M., Lavy, S., Lawal, O. A., Legkauskas, V., Li, C., Lin, H. -Y, Lloyd, R., Locke, K. D., Lombardo, S. A., Luksik, I., Lythe, B., Lyubomirsky, S., Malinen, S., Martin, H. J., Mashego, T. -A B., Mills, M. E., Mikulincer, M., Mordeno, I. G., Moya, M., Ndeya-Ndereya, C., Nelissen, M., Neyer, F. J., Nyborg, H., Oliveira, V. B., Opre, A., Osman, S. L., Paulhus, D. L., Pawlowski, B., Penke, L., Peplau, L. A., Petrovic, N., Platek, S. M., Podobnik, N., Polonyi, T., Popper, M., Reips, U. -D, Rowatt, W. C., Ruch, W., Rukuni, M. M., Rus, V. S., Sagarin, B. J., Sakaguchi, K., Salas, S., Kenneth Sandnabba, N., Santtila, P., Schachner, D. A., Schmidt, M., Schütz, A., Todd Shackelford, Shaver, P. R., Sibisi, L. B. T., Sichona, F., Simonetti, F., Sineshaw, T., Souma, T., Stanojevic, T. S., Sukiennik, I., Sümer, N., Szeghy, P., Szente, S. L., Szlendak, T., Tefera, D., Thoma, N., Tifferet, S., Tkach, C., Tordai, Z., Tranthan, E., Tsaousis, I., Tungaraza, F. S. K., Duynslaeger, M., Empelen, P., Overwalle, F., Vanwesenbeeck, I., Varella, M. A. C., Vera-Villarroel, P., Voracek, M., Vorontsov, D., Wan, W., Weiss, P., Welsh, D. P., Widyatmoko, S., Woertman, L., Wood, E., Woodward, L., Ye, H., Youn, G., and Zupan I, A.

13. Differentiating explanations of attitude-consistent behavior: the role of perspectives and mode of perspective taking.

Author

Dimdins G, Montgomery H, and Austers I

Subjects
Adult, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Latvia, Male, Politics, Psychology, Social, Social Identification, Attitude, Social Behavior, Social Perception
Abstract

We examined whether participants could differentiate between explanations of attitude-consistent behavior related to EU membership given from two perspectives (EU supporter and EU opponent) by means of three perspective taking modes (the explainer's own perspective, imagined in-group members' perspective, and imagined out-group members' perspective). Participants were presented with explanations provided from different perspectives and perspective taking modes, and they were asked to judge the extent to which they agreed with each explanation, to guess the attitude of the provider of each explanation, and to rate the quality of each explanation in various respects. Participants could not differentiate between explanations given by in-group members and out-group members who imagined the same perspective. They responded more favorably to explanations given from own perspective than from the imagined perspectives. The results suggest that there exists a shared understanding about how both sides should explain attitude-consistent behavior, but this understanding is measurably different from the actual explanations.

Published
2005
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14. Patterns and universals of mate poaching across 53 nations: the effects of sex, culture, and personality on romantically attracting another person's partner.

Author

Schmitt DP, Alcalay L, Allik J, Angleitner A, Ault L, Austers I, Bennett KL, Bianchi G, Boholst F, Borg Cunen MA, Braeckman J, Brainerd EG 2nd, Caral LG, Caron G, Casullo MM, Cunningham M, Daibo I, De Backer C, De Souza E, Diaz-Loving R, Diniz G, Durkin K, Echegaray M, Eremsoy E, Euler HA, Falzon R, Fisher ML, Foley D, Fry DP, Fry S, Ghayur MA, Golden DL, Grammer K, Grimaldi L, Halberstadt J, Haque S, Herrera D, Hertel J, Hoffmann H, Hooper D, Hradilekova Z, Hudek-Kene-evi J, Jaafar J, Jankauskaite M, Kabangu-Stahel H, Kardum I, Khoury B, Kwon H, Laidra K, Laireiter AR, Lakerveld D, Lampert A, Lauri M, Lavallée M, Lee SJ, Leung LC, Locke KD, Locke V, Luksik I, Magaisa I, Marcinkeviciene D, Mata A, Mata R, McCarthy B, Mills ME, Mkhize NJ, Moreira J, Moreira S, Moya M, Munyae M, Noller P, Opre A, Panayiotou A, Petrovic N, Poels K, Popper M, Poulimenou M, P'yatokha V, Raymond M, Reips UD, Reneau SE, Rivera-Aragon S, Rowatt WC, Ruch W, Rus VS, Safir MP, Salas S, Sambataro F, Sandnabba KN, Schulmeyer MK, Schütz A, Scrimali T, Shackelford TK, Shaver PR, Sichona F, Simonetti F, Sineshaw T, Sookdew R, Speelman T, Spyrou S, Sümer HC, Sümer N, Supekova M, Szlendak T, Timmermans B, Tooke W, Tsaousis I, Tungaraza FS, van Overwalle F, Vandermassen G, Vanhoomissen T, Vanwesenbeeck I, Vasey PL, Verissimo J, Voracek M, Wan WW, Wang TW, Weiss P, Wijaya A, Woertman L, Youn G, and Zupanèiè A

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Culture, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Personality, Sexual Behavior psychology
Abstract

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, 16,954 participants from 53 nations were administered an anonymous survey about experiences with romantic attraction. Mate poaching--romantically attracting someone who is already in a relationship--was most common in Southern Europe, South America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe and was relatively infrequent in Africa, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia. Evolutionary and social-role hypotheses received empirical support. Men were more likely than women to report having made and succumbed to short-term poaching across all regions, but differences between men and women were often smaller in more gender-egalitarian regions. People who try to steal another's mate possess similar personality traits across all regions, as do those who frequently receive and succumb to the poaching attempts by others. The authors conclude that human mate-poaching experiences are universally linked to sex, culture, and the robust influence of personal dispositions.

Published
2004
Full Text
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15. Universal sex differences in the desire for sexual variety: tests from 52 nations, 6 continents, and 13 islands.

Author

Schmitt DP, Alcalay L, Allik J, Ault L, Austers I, Bennett KL, Bianchi G, Boholst F, Cunen MA, Braeckman J, Brainerd EG Jr, Caral LG, Caron G, Casullo MM, Cunningham M, Daibo I, De Backer C, De Souza E, Diaz-Loving R, Diniz G, Durkin K, Echegaray M, Eremsoy E, Euler HA, Falzon R, Fisher ML, Foley D, Fry DP, Fry S, Ghayur MA, Golden DL, Grammer K, Grimaldi L, Halberstadt J, Herrera D, Hertel J, Hoffmann H, Hooper D, Hradilekova Z, Hudek-Kene-evi J, Jaafer J, Jankauskaite M, Kabangu-Stahel H, Kardum I, Khoury B, Kwon H, Laidra K, Laireiter AR, Lakerveld D, Lampert A, Lauri M, Lavallée M, Lee SJ, Leung LC, Locke KD, Locke V, Luksik I, Magaisa I, Marcinkeviciene D, Mata A, Mata R, McCarthy B, Mills ME, Moreira J, Moreira S, Moya M, Munyae M, Noller P, Opre A, Panayiotou A, Petrovic N, Poels K, Popper M, Poulimenou M, P'yatokha V, Raymond M, Reips UD, Reneau SE, Rivera-Aragon S, Rowatt WC, Ruch W, Rus VS, Safir MP, Salas S, Sambataro F, Sandnabba KN, Schulmeyer MK, Schütz A, Scrimali T, Shackelford TK, Shaver PR, Sichona F, Simonetti F, Sinehsaw T, Speelman T, Spyrou S, Sümer HC, Sümer N, Supekova M, Szlendak T, Taylor R, Timmermans B, Tooke W, Tsaousis I, Tungaraza FS, Vandermassen G, Vanhoomissen T, Van Overwalle F, Vanwesenbeeck I, Vasey PL, Verissimo J, Voracek M, Wan WW, Wang TW, Weiss P, Wijaya A, Woertman L, Youn G, and Zupanèiè A

Subjects
Adult, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Culture, Sexual Behavior
Abstract

Evolutionary psychologists have hypothesized that men and women possess both long-term and short-term mating strategies, with men's short-term strategy differentially rooted in the desire for sexual variety. In this article, findings from a cross-cultural survey of 16,288 people across 10 major world regions (including North America, South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Middle East, Africa, Oceania, South/Southeast Asia, and East Asia) demonstrate that sex differences in the desire for sexual variety are culturally universal throughout these world regions. Sex differences were evident regardless of whether mean, median, distributional, or categorical indexes of sexual differentiation were evaluated. Sex differences were evident regardless of the measures used to evaluate them. Among contemporary theories of human mating, pluralistic approaches that hypothesize sex differences in the evolved design of short-term mating provide the most compelling account of these robust empirical findings.

Published
2003
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