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Mental health disorders are one of the most relevant problems in athletes and, as in the rest of the population, they seem to have increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Sports injuries seem to be a relevant risk factor for mental health. The purpose of this review is to answer the relationship between sports injuries and mental health not only because of mental disorders, but also as generators of mental health deficits. A systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines, the PICO strategy and interobserver concordance for quality control of the registry. Six databases were consulted, PubMed, Scielo, WebScience, Teseo, Dialnet and Scopus, selecting 12 review articles and 13 empirical articles. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between mental health and sports injuries and that the symptomatology of mental health indicators in the athlete affects the injury or precedes it for a slower recovery. In conclusion, by checking the published scientific literature we can find a possible significant relationship between mental health and sports injuries that will help us to establish the current body of knowledge on this issue.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review regarding the relationship between positive psychological factors, such as psychological well-being and pleasant emotions, and sports performance. Method This study, carried out through a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines considering the Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed and SPORT Discus databases, seeks to highlight the relationship between other more ‘positive’ factors, such as well-being, positive emotions and sports performance. Settings The keywords will be decided by a Delphi Method in two rounds with sport psychology experts. Participants There are no participants in the present research. Assessment The main exclusion criteria were: Non-sport thema, sample younger or older than 20–65 years old, qualitative or other methodology studies, COVID-related, journals not exclusively about Psychology. Main outcomes measures We obtained a first sample of 238 papers, and finally, this sample was reduced to the final sample of 11 papers. Results The results obtained are intended to be a representation of the ‘bright side’ of sports practice, and as a complement or mediator of the negative variables that have an impact on athletes’ and coaches’ performance. Conclusions Clear recognition that acting on intrinsic motivation continues to be the best and most effective way to motivate oneself to obtain the highest levels of performance, a good perception of competence and a source of personal satisfaction.

Although most football players recover good physical function after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, some do not return to their sport or to the same pre-injury level, and there is a risk of recurrence. Therefore, this study aimed to examine research on psychological aspects of ACL rehabilitation and Return to Play (RTP), as well as their influence on possible recurrence in football and futsal players. The search was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, WoS, CENTRAL databases, and grey literature sources DART-Europe and OpenGrey. A total of nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated as the most evaluated psychological factor the psychological readiness to RTP through the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI). Likewise, psychological interventions in ACL-injured football players have positive effects on mood states, reduces pain perception, and fear reinjury, among others. Risk profiles for recurrence included vulnerability to stress and high psychological readiness to RTP. Therefore, psychological interventions should be incorporated into the rehabilitation process and screening to identify players at risk for poor outcomes or recurrences. Additional research would help to understand the influence of other variables or optimal levels of psychological readiness to RTP. Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament; RTP; sports injury; psychology; rehabilitation.

IntroductionThis study explores the attributions and coping strategies of athletes who experienced psychological impact from sport injuries or illness from a qualitative methodology.PurposeTo understand athletes' unique perspectives on injury and recovery, framed in the Global Model of Sport Injuries, and contribute to the development of effective interventions and support programs for athletes.MethodsA qualitative research approach was employed, conducting semi-structured interviews with an ad hoc sample of 16 athletes, representing diverse backgrounds and competitive levels. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software, identifying themes and codes related to attributions and coping strategies.ResultsAthletes attributed their sport injury mostly to bad luck, routine deviations, and negative mental states, while coping strategies used included cognitive restructuring, emotional calming, seeking social support, mental withdrawal, and behavioral risk. Factors such as training deviations, social support, psychological responses, and injury diagnosis seems to have influenced the coping strategies employed.ConclusionsSport injuries and illnesses significantly impact athletes' careers and wellbeing. Support and effective communication from coaching staff and healthcare professionals were identified as crucial for athletes' wellbeing. These findings contribute to understanding the psychological processes and experiences involved in sport injury recovery and highlight key elements for prevention and intervention protocols. Future research should explore communication patterns in sports contexts and assess attributions and coping strategies at different stages of injury recovery.

El estudio de la relación entre lesiones deportivas y factores psicológicos ha proporcionado diferentes modelos que ayudan a comprender la naturaleza de estas relaciones. Igualmente, la evidencia empírica ha mostrado la eficacia y limitaciones de los programas psicológico de intervención en lesiones. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar y justificar conceptualmente - enmarcado en el Modelo Global Psicológico de las Lesiones Deportivas - y en base a los trabajos existentes relacionados, un protocolo de actuaciones psicológicas en el deporte orientado específicamente a la prevención de las lesiones deportivas y al proceso de rehabilitación de estas. Este protocolo implica una primera fase de evaluación del nivel de riesgo, representado visualmente como un semáforo, que conduce directamente a una segunda fase en la que se propone la implementación de intervenciones psicológicas específicas en los dos ámbitos básicos de actuación, la prevención y el proceso de rehabilitación. Por último, se realizan diferentes propuestas de futuros desarrollos del protocolo Psycholight.

Numerosas investigaciones anteriores se han ocupado de estudiar los efectos en variables psicológicas que el pensamiento catastrofista consecuente a una lesión deportiva produce en la salud mental del individuo. Sin embargo, son menos las que han hecho hincapié en el impacto en el estado de ánimo del deportista desde una perspectiva longitudinal. En este estudio se empleó una muestra de 22 futbolistas varones jóvenes lesionados con el objetivo de observar la evolución temporal de la relación entre el pensamiento catastrofista y el estado de ánimo. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Policlínica de la Federación de Futbol de la Región de Murcia (FFRM), España. Se obtuvo información sociodemográfica y sobre la lesión actual y la historia de lesiones del deportista, además de la información relativa a las variables psicológicas, pensamiento catastrofista y estado de ánimo. Se encuentra una relación tanto positiva como negativa, donde a mayor catastrofismo (Rumiación, Desesperación y Magnificación) mayor es el estado de ánimo negativo (Tensión, Depresión, Cólera y Fatiga) y menor es el estado de ánimo positivo (Vigor). Conforme aumenta el tiempo posterior a la lesión, el perfil psicológico mejora, disminuyendo de forma lineal los factores negativos y aumentando el factor positivo. Estos hallazgos pueden ser de importancia de cara a la planificación y a la aplicación de programas de rehabilitación para futbolistas lesionados. Palabras clave: Lesión, deportista, depresión, dolor, catastrofismo, ánimo Abstract. Previous research has studied the effects on psychological variables that catastrophic thinking has on the mental health of an individual as a result of a sports injury. However, fewer research has emphasized this impact on the mood state of the athlete from a longitudinal perspective. This study used a sample size of 22 injured young males football players with the aim of observing the temporal evolution of the relationship between catastrophic thinking and mood. The study was carried out at the Polyclinic of the Football Federation of the Region of Murcia (FFRM) in Spain. Sociodemographic information and data about the current injury and the previous history of sports injury was acquired, as well as additional data about different psychological variables, catastrophic thinking and mood. Positive and negative relationships are found, where the higher catastrophism (Rumination, Helplessness and Magnification) the higher the negative mood state (Tension, Depression, Anger and Fatigue) and the lower the positive mood state (Vigour). As the time after the injury increases, the psychological profile improves, with the negative factors decreasing linearly and the positive factors increasing. These findings may be of importance for planning and for the implementation of rehabilitation programs for injured football players. Keywords: Injury, athlete, depression, pain, catastrophizing, mood.

La Inteligencia Emocional es la capacidad de reconocer, entender, controlar y modificar nuestras emociones y las de los demás. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si la variable Inteligencia Emocional se relaciona con aquellas variables psicológicas relevantes para el rendimiento deportivo. Las participantes fueron 60 jugadoras de fútbol de 13 equipos de primera división “Liga Iberdrola”, con una media de edad de 24,33±3,72. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD) y la Escala Rasgo de Metaconocimientos sobre Estados Emocionales (TMMS-24) para evaluar las variables de estudio. Los resultados indican que la Inteligencia emocional se relaciona estadísticamente con el Control del Estrés, la Influencia de la Evaluación del Rendimiento, la Habilidad Mental, la Autoconfianza, la Ansiedad y la Motivación. Se concluye que la Inteligencia Emocional afecta a las variables psicológicas relacionadas con el rendimiento..

Returning to sport after the sports injury is a difficult decision because it’s multicausal and the fact that a rash decision can result in numerous negative consequences. Given the importance of psychological variables for the correct rehabilitation of the injured athlete and his or her optimal return to sports practice, there seems to be little information on this subject. In this sense, the objective is to determine the relationship between the subjective psychological disposition of the athlete in the process of Return to Play (RTP) with the type of mood profile and his mental health. This is based on the fact that each athlete evaluates his or her recovery differently and has different levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. For this purpose, four athletes participated in the study. Two males and two females from the sports of indoor soccer and soccer, who had just returned to sports after a moderate or severe injury. The average age was 24.25 years. Various measurements were taken after practices and after matches, to assess mood, psychological readiness, anxiety, stress, and depression. The results confirm Morgan’s iceberg profile and the influence that subjective psychological perceptions and assessed emotional states have on athletes’ incorporation into their sports practice with a guarantee of success.

The pandemic COVID-19 constituted one of the greatest ordeals the world has seen in the last decades. Social isolation has changed athletes’ lives completely and brought a number of consequences – both technical and psychological. The aim of this study was to investigate the dominant psychic conditions and perfectionism and their relation to the preferred coping strategies during the pandemic COVID-19 among sports students from Bulgaria and Russia and to outline their specificity depending on their gender, kind of sport, qualification, and nationality. The research was done among 199 sports students from Bulgaria and Russia who practice 18 kinds of sport, aged between 16 and 32 years, divided into groups according to their gender, kind of sport, level of qualification, nationality. The research methods included: 1) Sociodemographic, personal and sports evaluation; 2) Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS, Frost, Marten, Lahart & Rosenblate, 1990), adapted for Bulgarian conditions by T. Iancheva, 2009; 3) Profile of Mood States (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1971); 4) Approach to Coping in Sport Questionnaire (ACSQ-1; Kim 1999; Kim & Duda, 1997). There are significant differences depending on gender, kind of sport, qualification, and nationality. The specific role of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism was viewed in relation to the dominant psychic conditions during social isolation and the preferred coping strategies.

El estrés es un proceso psicológico que experimentan muchos deportistas en etapas de formación. No sólo puede afectar a su rendimiento deportivo, sino a su calidad de vida y actividades relacionadas con los estudios. Algunas técnicas y habilidades psicológicas pueden resultar muy útiles para el control del estrés. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar si las técnicas de relajación son herramientas útiles para controlar el estrés de jóvenes boxeadores y pueden extrapolarse a otros aspectos de su vida como al ámbito académico. Los participantes fueron 7 deportistas jóvenes del Centro de Tecnificación Deportiva de la Federación de Boxeo, varones e internos en el centro. Se realizó un taller de relajación en 5 sesiones de aproximadamente 50-60 minutos cada una. Se trabajaron la técnica de entrenamiento autógeno de Shultz, la técnica de relajación muscular progresiva de Jacobson y la técnica de respiración. Se evaluó (antes y después del taller) la capacidad de los deportistas para gestionar el estrés y la capacidad para afrontar la presión de la evaluación del rendimiento del deportista. De los 7 boxeadores, 4 mostraron puntuaciones que denotaban un mejor control del estrés y una mejor gestión de la presión debida a su rendimiento. Todos mostraron un grado muy alto de satisfacción con el taller. Se concluye que la implementación de un taller de relajación puede ser muy útil para el aprendizaje de técnicas de relajación que ayuden a controlar el estrés, tanto en el ámbito deportivo como en el ámbito académico.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la eficacia de un programa de intervención psicológica (atención-concentración, motivación y nivel de activación) en 19 jugadores de fútbol 11, con una media de edad de 16.3 (DT = .99). Se realizó una evaluación inicial y final mediante el Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD) para valorar la eficacia de dicho programa. Los resultados indican diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el pre y pos intervención, en el cual los jugadores mejoran en los factores del CPRD: “Influencia de Evaluación del Rendimiento”, “Habilidad Mental” y “Control de Estrés”. Se concluye que, el presente trabajo aporta evidencia sobre la eficacia de la intervención psicológica en el fútbol base, tal y como muestran los resultados.

The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the sports field unprecedentedly. The emergency alert has deprived athletes of training in a suitable environment, as they are faced with cancellations of relevant events in their sports careers. This situation can cause stress levels and other emotional disorders similar to those experienced by athletes during periods of injury. Since the relationship between psychological factors and sports injuries is well-studied, the Global Psychological Model of Sports Injury (MGPLD) is applied to this historical situation for athletes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between perfectionism and trait anxiety with indicators of mental health (mood, depression, state anxiety, and stress) in high-performance athletes during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to explore the coping strategies that athletes have applied and whether they are perceived as useful for managing negative emotional states. A cross-sectional study was conducted through online questionnaires during April 2020, adapting the Psychological Assessment Protocol of the High-Performance Sports Center of Murcia (Spain), to assess the psychological effects of confinement in a cross-cultural sample of 310 athletes (141 women and 169 men) from different countries in Europe, Asia, and America, and from diverse sports disciplines. The protocol comprised six instruments that test perfectionism, trait anxiety, mood states, stress, depression, coping strategies, and sleep. It was answered online via Google Forms. The results show that maladaptive perfectionism was related to all the indicators of athletes' mental health. However, athletes' levels of anxiety, stress, and depressive symptoms are relatively low, and the use of coping strategies such as cognitive restructuring and emotional calm was associated with lower levels of negative emotional states. Besides, the Iceberg Profile, a suitable fit for the mental health model, is observed in the mood of athletes, both in men and in women, although women showed higher levels of anxiety, stress, and depression than men. A strong relationship was observed between maladaptive perfectionism and martial arts sports discipline, superior to other sports. In short, it can be concluded that high-performance athletes in the studied sample showed negative emotional state values below the expected average. Finally, the proposals for practical applications of the results collected are discussed.

Se presenta un estudio de caso de un deportista (parataekwondo, CAR Infanta Cristina, Murcia) de 25 años. La demanda inicial del deportista es gestionar adecuadamente pensamientos y creencias que le afectan al rendimiento como: “Al entrar a competir siento que no me sale, que me pongo nervioso, sin embargo estoy muy bien en los entrenos”. Al iniciar el trabajo psicológico con el deportista en la entrevista indica que tiene una lesión que viene arrastrando hace tiempo, pero que tras valoración médica, y junto a su entrenador toman la decisión de una rehabilitación conservadora para intentar llegar a los Juegos Paralímpicos, tras los que se operaría. La intervención psicológica, combinando un trabajo específico para la lesión y uno más general para la competición, se centra en fortalecer la confianza en los combates, incrementar la capacidad de concentración en competición, controlar el dolor y fortalecer la adherencia al programa de rehabilitación.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la eficacia de un programa de entrenamiento psicológico en equipos de fútbol femenino respecto a las características psicológicas relevantes para el rendimiento deportivo. Las participantes fueron 48 jugadoras de futbol de 3 equipos de Segunda División Nacional, con una media de edad de 21.15±3.89 y una media de años de experiencia de 12.48±4.12. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD), tomando medidas pre-post intervención. Se agrupó a las participantes en Grupo Control (GC), Grupo Experimental 1 (GE1) y Grupo Experimental 2 (GE2). El programa de entrenamiento psicológico fue de 10 sesiones. Los resultados indican que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos GC y GE1 en ninguna de las escalas del CPRD. El GE2 presenta diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las escalas Influencia de la Evaluación del Rendimiento y tendencia a la significación en Control de Estrés (CE) del CPRD. Se concluye que las futbolistas que recibieron el programa de intervención psicológica (GE2) mejoraron significativamente sus recursos para gestionar mejor la evaluación que se hace de su rendimiento.

Despite the multitude of adverse physical and psychosocial consequences of sports injury, evidence also highlights the potential for positive benefits in the injury aftermath. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by exploring the dimensions of personal growth following a severe sports injury. A 3-rounds e-Delphi method was utilized to develop a consensual understanding of the dimensions of sport-injury related growth. A panel of 24 psychology of sport injury experts participated in the process. The final list of items obtained was subjected to conventional content analysis to identify general themes. The process led to the development of a 5-dimension model capable of describing athletes' experiences of personal growth following a severe sports-related injury: personal strength, improved social life, health benefits, sport benefits, and social support and recognition. The domains of sport-injury related growth identified here are consistent with growth-domains identified in previous personal growth literature. However, they also highlight the importance of contextualizing the experience of growth. We have captured key elements of sport-injury related growth, domains that can be used as the basis for further psychometric testing and for further interventions to increase adjustment and well-being during the rehabilitation process.

The influence on the psychological well-being of the players and their sports performance seems to be one of the keys to the current sports practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a psychological intervention program for stress control in youth soccer players. A total sample of 19 male youth soccer players (age: 16.3 ± 0.99 years; years playing soccer: 10.89 ± 1.56 years) completed the current research. The Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire related to Sports Performance (CPRD) was used to assess stress factors related to sports competition. A program based on Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy was implemented during eight sessions of approximately 50 min each. A pre-post design was used and statistical differences between pre- and post-measures were checked through dependent sample t-tests. The results indicated that the post-test scores were higher than the pre-tests in “Influence of the Evaluation of Performance” and “Mental Skills” factors, which supposes a significant improvement of the stress management related to performance evaluation, as well as the use of psychological resources and techniques. In addition, the post-test scores were also higher in the “Stress Control” factor, although in this case the differences were not statistically significant. Practical indications deriving from the findings of this study can help youth soccer players to manage the stress of competition using a psychological training program.

This study attempts to analyze the relationship between two key psychological variables associated with performance in sports – Self-Determined Motivation and Competitive Anxiety – through Bayesian Networks (BN) analysis. We analyzed 674 university students that are athletes from 44 universities that competed at the University Games in Mexico, with an average age of 21 years (SD = 2.07) and with a mean of 8.61 years’ (SD = 5.15) experience in sports. Methods: Regarding the data analysis, firstly, classification using the CHAID algorithm was carried out to determine the dependence links between variables; Secondly, a BN was developed to reduce the uncertainty in the relationships between the two key psychological variables. The validation of the BN revealed AUC values ranging from 0.5 to 0.92. Subsequently, various instantiations were performed with hypothetical values applied to the “bottom” variables. Results showed two probability trees that have extrinsic motivation and amotivation at the top, while the anxiety/activation due to worries about performance was at the bottom of the probabilities. The instantiations carried out support the existence of these probabilistic relationships, demonstrating their scarce influence on anxiety about competition generated by the intrinsic motivation, and the complex probabilistic effect of introjected and identified regulation regarding the appearance of anxiety due to worry about performance.

The athletes’ psychological disposition is a factor that is increasingly considered by researchers as a key to sports performance, even as a mediator between the physical, technical and tactical abilities of the athlete and their competitive performance, thus acquiring great relevance in training and in sports performance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological characteristics of young soccer players and their relation to their performance perception, made both by the player herself and by their coaches. The sample is composed of 108 women (M age = 15.53, SD age = 1.05), with ages between 13 and 17 years (13 years, n = 1, 14 years, n = 18, 15 years, n = 36, 16 years, n = 29, 17 years, n = 24), and with a sport practice experience of 7.27 years on average (SD = 2.64). For to address this aim, we used the Psychological Characteristics related to the Sport Performance Questionnaire (CPRD) and the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS). In addition, regarding the evaluation of performance perception, an ad hoc short questionnaire was created, composed by one question addressed to the player and one directed to the coach. The results indicate that the group of players of the under-16 category obtained higher scores in all the psychological dimensions than the U-18 players, showing significant differences in Team Cohesion (p < 0.048). Regarding the degree of congruence between the player’s psychological features, and the player’s and coach’s performance perceptions, the results show statistically significant and negative correlations between the Team Cohesion factor and the athlete’s own outcome perception for the match #1 (rxy = -0.479; p < 0.001), and match #2 (rxy = -0.402; p < 0.01). The results of this study may contribute to establish the differences between different constellations of psychological characteristics according to the categories of competition and their relationship with the perception of performance. This knowledge can be used by sports professionals: coaches, psychologists, physical educators, etc., in order to help athletes to reach their maximum performance.

The psychological factors of sports injuries constitute a growing field of study, even from the point of view of the prediction of their occurrence. Most of them, however, do not take into account the likelihood of the injuries’ occurrence and the weight and role of the psychological variables on it. We conducted a study building up a Bayesian Network on a big sample of athletes, trying to assess these probabilistic links among several relevant psychological variables and the injuries’ occurrence. The sample was constituted by 297 athletes (239 males, 58 females) from a wide range of sports: track and field; judo; fencing; karate; boxing; swimming; kayaking; artistic rollerskating, and team sports as football, basketball, and handball (Mean age: 25.10 ±-3.87; range: 21–38 years). Several psychological variables, such as anxiety, social support, and self-efficacy were studied. Also, we recorded the history of injuries as well the body mass index and personal epidemiological data. The overall picture of the generated graph and Bayesian Network and its analysis – including the use of hypothetical data by means of several instantiations – includes the nuclear role of the Self-Efficacy regarding the injuries’ occurrence likelihood; the decreasing impact of the competitive anxiety previous to the injury; the probabilistic independence of the players’ risk behaviors, and the relevance of the environmental clues such the use of coping strategies and social support in order to build up a good level of Self-Efficacy after the occurrence of an injury. All these data are relevant when designing both preventive and recovery interventions from the multidisciplinary as well as from the psychological point of view.

Psychological characteristics of athletes play a key role in sport performance and may moderate and mediate the influence of technical, tactical, and physical abilities athletes show. Different authors have emphasized the special attention such psychological characteristics should receive considering the extent they can influence athletes’ behavior either in training or in competition. This paper is aimed at describing the psychological profiles of two cycling sports: triathlon and road cycling. One hundred and twenty-nine male and female professional and amateur cycling athletes (35.74 years old average age ±12.79; 14.94 average number of years practicing cycling ±11.20) were assessed on different psychological characteristics. For that purpose, the Psychological Characteristics related to the Sport Performance (CPRD) Questionnaire and the Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS) was used. Results showed significant differences among triathlon and road cyclists (Stress control = t116 =-3.711, p = 0.000, d = 0.48 ; Influence of Performance Evaluation = t115 =-3-115, p = 0.002, d = 0.49; Motivation = t124 =-5.520, p = 0.000, d = 0.82; Mental Skills = t119 =-4.985, p = 0.000, d = 1.02). There were no significant differences between men and women though there were differences among pros and amateur athletes. Triathlon professional, compared to amateurs, showed higher scores in all the psychological dimensions assessed (Stress control = t85 = 3.005, p = 0.003, d = 1.07; Influence of Performance Evaluation = t83 = 2.858, p = 0.005, 0.77; Motivation = t91 = 2.721, p = 0.008, d = 0.26; Mental Skills = t87 = 2.556, p = 0.012, d = 0.77). The results of this descriptive study contribute to establishing a model of optimal psychological profiling applied to the different cycling groups that can be used by sport psychologist, trainers, and coaches in order to promote peak performance of these athletes.

Abstract The aim of this work is to relate some of the personal variables (age and experience) and sports (post game, sport category) more important with injuries to players of handball. The study sample consisted of 100 handball players, with a mean age of 23.92 years (+ 5.21), of which 80% ASOBAL (Association Handball clubs in Spain) competed in the league, and the other 20% did so between first and second division. For the evaluation of the variables using a self-report questionnaire in two parts: the first data is collected and sports personality variables, and the second will collect data on sports injuries. The results of this study indicate that the players suffer more injuries on average 2 in a season, with these minor fractures, muscle and tendinitis, being the player's quinces ASOBAL more is injured. The pivots and lateral suffer more injuries than the rest, and the porters seem to have a significantly lower tendency to injure anyone else. The older the greater the likelihood of injury. The completion of jobs that can determine the exact weight of each variable in the injury, which would be very important from prevention, and the performance of their own coaches. Key words: Sports injuries, handball, age, experience, post game, sport category

El presente trabajo analiza la evolución de la investigación y de la aplicación en Psicología del Deporte, a través de las aportaciones científicas presentadas en los congresos organizados por la Federación Española de Psicología del Deporte, durante la última década, desde 1999 hasta 2008. Se han analizado el total de aportaciones científicas (n= 436) registradas en los libros de actas de los cinco Congresos Nacionales de Psicología del Deporte: Murcia en 1999; Pontevedra en 2001; León en 2003; Málaga en 2005; y Sevilla en 2008. En ellos se han estudiado: a) el tipo de aportación científica; b) el área temática; c) el tipo de muestra utilizada; d) el tipo de deporte o ejercicio físico; e) los tipos de instrumentos utilizados; f) el número de referencias en idioma español; g) el número de referencias en otos idiomas; y h) el número de autores por trabajo.

Desde hace algunos años, muchos estudios epidemiológicos indican la gran importancia y el constante aumento de la lesión en el fútbol intentando, algunos de ellos, determinar qué factores de riesgo son los más importantes y de qué manera operan en la incidencia de lesiones del futbolista. El objetivo del presente trabajo es, por un lado, describir las lesiones (tipo y gravedad) sufridas por futbolistas jóvenes; y por otro, analizar las relaciones entre la categoría deportiva y el tipo de lesión, la gravedad de la lesión y el lugar de ocurrencia de la lesión. La muestra está formada por 72 futbolistas, de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 24 años, con una media de 17,2 años (± 2,7). La información relativa a los datos deportivos y a las lesiones se recogió mediante un cuestionario de auto-informe. Los resultados muestran que las lesiones producidas durante los entrenamientos duplican a las producidas en partidos, y que las lesiones más frecuentes son de tipo muscular y de carácter leve o moderado. Además, en un primer análisis aparece que la categoría deportiva parece influir en las lesiones muy graves, en las lesiones en los partidos y en las lesiones en los entrenamientos, aunque sólo se encuentran diferencias significativas entre la categoría juvenil y la tercera división respecto a las lesiones producidas en los partidos.

Muchas son las variables psicológicas que influyen en el rendimiento deportivo en general y en la eficacia de acciones concretas en particular. El presente trabajo de investigación relaciona el nivel de autoeficacia del jugador con balón en baloncesto y el número y grado de eficacia de lanzamientos obtenido durante la competición, con el objetivo de poder establecer valores iniciales que ayuden a definir estilos y sistemas de juego adaptados a las características del joven jugador. Para la realización del presente trabajo se administró un cuestionario de autoeficacia específica al contexto y se analizaron todos los lanzamientos de un total de 22 partidos, con una muestra de 187 jugadores. Los resultados señalan que existe poco reparto en el número de lanzamientos a canasta, siendo unos pocos jugadores los que realizan la gran totalidad de lanzamientos. De igual forma se aprecia que los jugadores con mayores niveles de autoeficacia específica anotaron mayor número de puntos (p.=.009) y realizaron mayor número de lanzamientos en juego (p.=.018). Estos datos reflejan la necesidad de modificar los estilos y sistemas de juego utilizados en competición, así como fomentar los niveles de autoeficacia en los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto, con el objetivo de incrementar en cantidad y calidad su práctica deportiva.

El presente trabajo estudia las relaciones entre factores deportivos (categoría de competición, posición táctica de juego, tiempo de práctica competitiva) y lesiones en futbolistas alevines, infantiles y cadetes. Noventa y dos jugadores, pertenecientes al mismo club, fueron objeto de estudio. Los resultados indican que existen diferencias significativas entre la categoría de competición y las lesiones, y entre el tiempo de juego y las lesiones, de manera que los jugadores de la categoría cadete se lesionan con mayor frecuencia que los de la categoría infantil [t75=3,92, p < 0,01] y alevín [t50=2,31, p < 0,05]. Igualmente, los jugadores que más se lesionan son los que juegan entre 22 y 28 partidos, seguidos de aquellos que juegan más de 28 partidos. No se encuentran relaciones significativas entre la posición táctica del jugador y la lesión. En definitiva, se puede afirmar que el riesgo de lesión aumenta conforme los jóvenes futbolistas pasan de una categoría inferior a otra superior. Se sugieren acciones de prevención (reconocimiento precoz de síntomas de sobreentrenamiento, ejercicios específicos de equilibrio propioceptivo, control de estresores, etc.) que implicarían a entrenadores, preparadores físicos, psicólogos y, en general, a todos los agentes intervinientes en la práctica del fútbol base.

La literatura científica ha mostrado la importancia y el aumento que las lesiones han tenido en el fútbol en los últimos años. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir las lesiones y determinar los factores más relevantes de éstas, sufridas por futbolistas jóvenes de dos clubes de la Región de Murcia. La muestra está formada por 72 futbolistas, de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y los 24 años, con una media de 17,2 años (± 2,7). La información relativa a los datos deportivos y a las lesiones se recogió mediante un cuestionario de auto-informe. Los resultados muestran que las lesiones producidas durante los entrenamientos duplican a las producidas en partidos; y que las lesiones más frecuentes son musculares y de carácter leve o moderado. A la vista de los resultados se discute sobre la importancia de analizar, entre otros aspectos, los tipos de entrenamiento realizados por los equipos implicados, ya que pudiera ser un factor desencadenante de lesión. Abstract: The scientific literature has showed the importance and the increase that injuries have had in football in the last years. The aim of the present work is to describe the injuries and to determine the most relevant factors of them, suffered by young football players of two clubs of Murcia Region. The sample is composed by 72 football players, of ages between 14 and 24 years, with an average of 17,2 years (± 2,7). The information relative to the sports data and injuries was gathered by means of an auto-report questionnaire. The results show that the injuries produced during trainings duplicate to those produced in matches; and that the most frequent injuries are muscular and of slight or moderate character. In view of the results it is discussed the importance of analyzing, among other aspects, the types of training realized by the implicated teams, since it could be a factor which causes injury.