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1. Dysbiosis of fish gut microbiota is associated with helminths parasitism rather than exposure to PAHs at environmentally relevant concentrations

Author

Yannick Colin, Noëlie Molbert, Thierry Berthe, Simon Agostini, Fabrice Alliot, Beatriz Decencière, Alexis Millot, Aurélie Goutte, and Fabienne Petit

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Although parasite infection and pollution are common threats facing wild populations, the response of the gut microbiota to the joint impact of these stressors remains largely understudied. Here, we experimentally investigated the effects of exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and infection by a common acanthocephalan intestinal parasite (Pomphorhynchus sp.) on the gut microbial flora of a freshwater fish, the European chub (Squalius cephalus). Naturally infected or uninfected individuals were exposed to PAHs at environmentally realistic concentrations over a five-week period. Characterization of the gut bacterial community through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that parasitic infection was a more structuring factor of bacterial diversity and composition than PAH exposure. Specifically, chub infected by Pomphorhynchus sp. harbored significantly less evenly represented gut bacterial communities than the uninfected ones. In addition, substantial changes in sequence abundance were observed within the main bacterial phyla, including the Firmicutes, Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Proteobacteria. Again, these compositional changes correlated with host infection with Pomphorhynchus sp., confirming its pivotal role in gut microbial assemblage. Overall, these results highlight the importance of defining the parasitic status of individuals when conducting microbial ecotoxicological analyses at the digestive tract level, as this should lead to better understanding of microbiota modulations and help to identify microbial markers specifically associated with chemicals.

Published
2022
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2. Parasitism reduces oxidative stress of fish host experimentally exposed to PAHs

Author

Noëlie Molbert, Simon Agostini, Fabrice Alliot, Frédéric Angelier, Clotilde Biard, Beatriz Decencière, Mathieu Leroux-Coyau, Alexis Millot, Cécile Ribout, and Aurélie Goutte

Subjects
Aquatic ecotoxicology, Acanthocephalan, Ecophysiology, Metabolites, Telomeres, Wildlife, Environmental pollution, TD172-193.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Some parasites are known to bioaccumulate some environmental pollutants within their host. We hypothesized that these parasites may be beneficial for their hosts in polluted environments. We experimentally increased long-term (five weeks) exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, three levels: 0.1X, 1X, 10X environmental exposure) in European chubs (Squalius cephalus) that were naturally infected or uninfected with acanthocephalan parasites. We monitored PAHs levels in fish tissues, as well as oxidative stress, telomere length and condition indices. Although parasite infection did not significantly reduce the levels of PAHs and PAH metabolites in host tissues, host oxidative status was explained by parasitism and pollution levels. Oxidative damage increased with parasitism in fish exposed to low PAH levels (0.1X) but decreased in infected fish at higher PAH exposure (10X), thus corroborating our hypothesis. Meanwhile, antioxidant capacity did not differ in response to parasite infection nor PAHs exposure. Despite this imbalance in oxidative status, experimental increase in PAH levels did not compromise telomere length, body condition, or survival in infected and uninfected fish. This study provides the first experimental evidence that the outcome of host-parasite interactions can shift from negative to positive as pollutant exposure increases.

Published
2021
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3. Age-related mercury contamination and relationship with luteinizing hormone in a long-lived Antarctic bird.

Author

Sabrina Tartu, Paco Bustamante, Aurélie Goutte, Yves Cherel, Henri Weimerskirch, Jan Ove Bustnes, and Olivier Chastel

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Seabirds, as long-lived top predators, accumulate contaminants such as mercury (Hg), an established endocrine disruptor. In long lived species hormonal secretion varies with age; therefore, Hg-induced endocrine disruption may be exacerbated in some age classes. Here we investigated relationships between blood total Hg and luteinizing hormone (LH, a key pituitary hormone for the onset of breeding), in pre-laying known-age (11-45 years old) snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea) from Adélie Land, Antarctica. We predicted that 1) blood Hg would increase with advancing age as a consequence of bio-accumulation; and that 2) increasing blood Hg would be related to decreased concentrations of LH in the most Hg-contaminated individuals. Hg concentrations were higher in females than in males (p

Published
2014
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4. Diatom-specific highly branched isoprenoids as biomarkers in Antarctic consumers.

Author

Aurélie Goutte, Yves Cherel, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Vincent Klein, Catherine Ozouf-Costaz, Mireille Raccurt, Camille Robineau, and Guillaume Massé

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The structure, functioning and dynamics of polar marine ecosystems are strongly influenced by the extent of sea ice. Ice algae and pelagic phytoplankton represent the primary sources of nutrition for higher trophic-level organisms in seasonally ice-covered areas, but their relative contributions to polar marine consumers remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the potential of diatom-specific lipid markers and highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) for estimating the importance of these two carbon pools in an Antarctic pelagic ecosystem. Using GC-MS analysis, we studied HBI biomarkers in key marine species over three years in Adélie Land, Antarctica: euphausiids (ice krill Euphausia crystallorophias and Antarctic krill E. superba), fish (bald notothens Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum) and seabirds (Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae, snow petrels Pagodroma nivea and cape petrels Daption capense). This study provides the first evidence of the incorporation of HBI lipids in Antarctic pelagic consumers. Specifically, a di-unsaturated HBI (diene) of sea ice origin was more abundant in ice-associated species than in pelagic species, whereas a tri-unsaturated HBI (triene) of phytoplanktonic origin was more abundant in pelagic species than in ice-associated species. Moreover, the relative abundances of diene and triene in seabird tissues and eggs were higher during a year of good sea ice conditions than in a year of poor ice conditions. In turn, the higher contribution of ice algal derived organic matter to the diet of seabirds was related to earlier breeding and higher breeding success. HBI biomarkers are a promising tool for estimating the contribution of organic matter derived from ice algae in pelagic consumers from Antarctica.

Published
2013
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6. High energy expenditure at the core of a seabird’s winter range: metabolic mechanisms for range limits

Author

Don-Jean Léandri-Breton, Kyle Elliott, Arnaud Tarroux, Pierre Legagneux, William Jouanneau, Françoise Amélineau, Frédéric Angelier, Pierre Blévin, Vegard Bråthen, Per Fauchald, Aurélie Goutte, Sabrina Tartu, B. Moe, and Olivier Chastel

Abstract

Understanding how geographic range limits are shaped is a central and challenging question in ecology that has become particularly critical in the context of global environmental changes. A central hypothesis in several theories for range limitations is that the density, fitness and performance of individuals decrease towards the edge of the range as organisms become maladapted when approaching the limit of their environmental tolerance (‘Abundant-centre Hypothesis’). Energy is a critical resource, especially in winter when environmental conditions deteriorate, and this hypothesis predicts that high energy expenditure (low performance) at the range limit would lead to rapidly dwindling body mass and reduced fitness. We investigated this hypothesis in an Arctic breeding seabird wintering in the North-Atlantic, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). From 2008 to 2019, we tracked 118 adult kittiwakes (n= 178 tracks) with geolocation devices and saltwater immersion sensors to estimate the time-activity budget and energy expenditure of individuals during winter, and estimated their reproductive success after their return to the colony during summer. Density was indeed higher towards the center of the range. However, contrary to the predictions, the energy expenditure of individuals was higher at the centre of the range and decreased towards the edge. In contrast, there were no spatial differences in the reproductive success of individuals wintering at the centre versus at the edge of their range. We conclude that performance and fitness did not increase towards the centre of the range, implying that although resource acquisition was likely higher at the abundant centre, energy expenditure was also higher, so that individual fitness was constant across the range.

Published
2023

7. Long-term tracking of an Arctic-breeding seabird indicates high fidelity to pelagic wintering areas

Author

William Jouanneau, Arnaud Tarroux, Olivier Chastel, Pierre Legagneux, Per Fauchald, Aurélie Goutte, Kyle H. Elliott, Børge Moe, Sabrina Tartu, Frédéric Angelier, Pierre Blévin, Vegard Sandøy Bråthen, Don-Jean Léandri-Breton, Department of Natural Resource Sciences [CANADA], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Akvaplan-Niva [Tromsø], Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, GLS, Biologging, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], Aquatic Science, Spatial distribution, Tracking (particle physics), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Nearest neighbor distance, High fidelity, biology.animal, Repeatability, 14. Life underwater, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Migration, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Global Location Sensors, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Individual consistency, Pelagic zone, Term (time), Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Seabird
Abstract

Site fidelity is driven by predictable resource distributions in time and space. However, intrinsic factors related to an individual’s physiology and life-history traits can contribute to consistent foraging behaviour and movement patterns. Using 11 yr of continuous geolocation tracking data (fall 2008 to spring 2019), we investigated spatiotemporal consistency in non-breeding movements in a pelagic seabird population of black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla breeding in the High Arctic (Svalbard). Our objective was to assess the relative importance of spatial versus temporal repeatability behind inter-annual movement consistency during winter. Most kittiwakes used pelagic regions of the western North Atlantic. Winter site fidelity was high both within and across individuals and at meso (100-1000 km) and macro scales (>1000 km). Spatial consistency in non-breeding movement was higher within than among individuals, suggesting that site fidelity might emerge from individuals’ memory to return to locations with predictable resource availability. Consistency was also stronger in space than in time, suggesting that it was driven by consistent resource pulses that may vary in time more so than in space. Nonetheless, some individuals displayed more flexibility by adopting a strategy of itinerancy during winter, and the causes of this flexibility are unclear. Specialization for key wintering areas can indicate vulnerability to environmental perturbations, with winter survival and carry-over effects arising from winter conditions as potential drivers of population dynamics. : Spatial distribution · Individual consistency · Migration · Repeatability · Nearest neighbor distance · Biologging · Global Location Sensors · GLS

Published
2021

8. Evidence of environmental transfer of tebuconazole to the eggs in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus): An experimental study

Author

Pauline Bellot, François Brischoux, Clémentine Fritsch, Aurélie Goutte, Fabrice Alliot, Steffi Rocchi, and Frédéric Angelier

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Drinking Water, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Triazoles, Pollution, Fungicides, Industrial, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Female, Pesticides, Sparrows
Abstract

Triazole compounds are among the most widely used fungicides in agroecosystems to protect crops from potential fungal diseases. Many farmland birds spend a significant part of their life cycle in agroecosystems, which may chronically expose them to pesticides. We experimentally tested whether exposure to environmental concentrations of tebuconazole could induce a contamination of the eggs in an agroecosystem sentinel species, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Wild-caught adult sparrows were maintained in captivity and exposed (exposed group) or not (control group) for seven months to tebuconazole through drinking water. Eggs were opportunistically collected for the determination of tebuconazole concentration by Liquid Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry in eggs. We found that eggs from exposed parents all contained tebuconazole with a mean concentration of 1.52 ng g

Published
2022

9. Urbanization Constrains Skin Bacterial Phylogenetic Diversity in Wild Fish Populations and Correlates with the Proliferation of Aeromonads

Author

Noëlie Molbert, Fabienne Petit, Anne-Laure Vivant, Thierry Berthe, Yannick Colin, Aurélie Goutte, Sylvie Collin, Fabrice Alliot, and Elodie Guigon

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Ecological niche, Flora, Ecology, biology, 030106 microbiology, Niche, Soil Science, Zoology, Context (language use), medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetic diversity, 030104 developmental biology, Microbial ecology, Gammaproteobacteria, medicine, Dysbiosis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Changes in the state of rivers resulting from the activity and expansion of urban areas are likely to affect aquatic populations by increasing stress and disease, with the microbiota playing a potentially important intermediary role. Unraveling the dynamics of microbial flora is therefore essential to better apprehend the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on the health of host populations and the ecological integrity of hydrosystems. In this context, the present study simultaneously examined changes in the microbial communities associated with mucosal skin and gut tissues of eight fish species along an urbanization gradient in the Orge River (France). 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding revealed that the structure and composition of the skin microbiota varied substantially along the disturbance gradient and to a lesser extent according to fish taxonomy. Sequences affiliated with the Gammaproteobacteria, in particular the genus Aeromonas, prevailed on fish caught in the most urbanized areas, whereas they were nearly absent upstream. This rise of opportunistic taxa was concomitant with a decline in phylogenetic diversity, suggesting more constraining environmental pressures. In comparison, fish gut microbiota varied much more moderately with the degree of urbanization, possibly because this niche might be less directly exposed to environmental stressors. Co-occurrence networks further identified pairs of associated bacterial taxa, co-existing more or less often than expected at random. Few correlations could be identified between skin and gut bacterial taxa, supporting the assumption that these two microbial niches are disconnected and do not suffer from the same vulnerability to anthropic pressures.

Published
2021

10. Monitoring freshwater fish communities in large rivers using environmental <scp>DNA</scp> metabarcoding and a long‐term electrofishing survey

Author

Vincent Rocher, Noëlie Molbert, Aurélie Goutte, Robin Richoux, and Sabrina Guérin

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Fish species, Fresh Water, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Rivers, Surveys and Questionnaires, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Environmental DNA, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Sampling (statistics), Biodiversity, DNA, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, DNA, Environmental, Fishery, Electrofishing, Water Framework Directive, 040102 fisheries, Freshwater fish, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, France, Species richness, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Monitoring freshwater fish communities in a large human-impacted river is a challenging task. The structure of fish assemblages has been monitored yearly in the Marne and the Seine Rivers, across the Paris conurbation, France, using traditional electrofishing (EF) surveys since 1990, in accordance with the European Water Framework Directive. In addition, metabarcoding of DNA extracted from environmental samples (eDNA) was concomitantly conducted in nine sampling sites in 2017 and in 2018 to compare the estimates of species richness and relative abundance among three methods: annual, long-term EF monitoring and eDNA. The present study confirms better detection of fish species using eDNA compared to annual EF. eDNA metabarcoding was also more efficient for species detection than a 3-6-year EF survey but was similar or less efficient than a long-term EF survey of 14 years of monitoring. In addition, the numbers of reads per species relative to the total number of reads significantly increased with (a) increasing relative abundance (relative percentage of individuals caught per species) and (b) increasing number of years that a fish species was detected during the 2000-2018 period. These results suggest that eDNA could reflect local population persistence.

Published
2020

11. A U-Turn for Mercury Concentrations over 20 Years: How Do Environmental Conditions Affect Exposure in Arctic Seabirds?

Author

Sabrina Tartu, Pierre Blévin, Paco Bustamante, Frédéric Angelier, Claus Bech, Jan Ove Bustnes, Melissa Chierici, Agneta Fransson, Geir W. Gabrielsen, Aurélie Goutte, Børge Moe, Christophe Sauser, Julien Sire, Christophe Barbraud, and Olivier Chastel

Subjects
Charadriiformes, Nitrogen Isotopes, Arctic Regions, Chlorophyll A, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, General Chemistry, Mercury, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Mercury (Hg) is highly toxic in its methylated form (MeHg), and global change is likely to modify its bioavailability in the environment. However, it is unclear how top predators will be impacted. We studied blood Hg concentrations of chick-rearing black-legged kittiwakes

Published
2022

12. Narrower isotopic niche size in fish infected by the intestinal parasite Pomphorhynchus sp. compared to uninfected ones

Author

Noëlie Molbert and Aurélie Goutte

Subjects
Aquatic Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Examples of parasite-related effects on intermediate crustacean hosts are numerous but their ecological consequences on their vertebrate hosts are scarce. Here, we address the role of macroparasite infections on the trophic niche structure of definitive hosts and its potential physiological consequences using wild fish populations infected with an acantochephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus sp., a trophically transmitted intestinal worm. Infected and uninfected fish were sampled from six populations on the Marne River, France and the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the host populations ranged from 50% to 90%. Although the isotopic ratios (δ

Published
2022

13. Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds

Author

Olivier Chastel, Jérôme Fort, Joshua T. Ackerman, Céline Albert, Frédéric Angelier, Niladri Basu, Pierre Blévin, Maud Brault-Favrou, Jan Ove Bustnes, Paco Bustamante, Jóhannis Danielsen, Sébastien Descamps, Rune Dietz, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Igor Eulaers, Alexey Ezhov, Abram B. Fleishman, Geir W. Gabrielsen, Maria Gavrilo, Grant Gilchrist, Olivier Gilg, Sindri Gíslason, Elena Golubova, Aurélie Goutte, David Grémillet, Gunnar T. Hallgrimsson, Erpur S. Hansen, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Scott Hatch, Nicholas P. Huffeldt, Dariusz Jakubas, Jón Einar Jónsson, Alexander S. Kitaysky, Yann Kolbeinsson, Yuri Krasnov, Robert J. Letcher, Jannie F. Linnebjerg, Mark Mallory, Flemming Ravn Merkel, Børge Moe, William J. Montevecchi, Anders Mosbech, Bergur Olsen, Rachael A. Orben, Jennifer F. Provencher, Sunna B. Ragnarsdottir, Tone K. Reiertsen, Nora Rojek, Marc Romano, Jens Søndergaard, Hallvard Strøm, Akinori Takahashi, Sabrina Tartu, Thorkell L. Thórarinsson, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Alexis P. Will, Simon Wilson, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Glenn Yannic, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Western Ecological Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences [Canada], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Akvaplan niva AS (APN) [Norway], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Faroe Marine Research Institute, Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Aarhus University - Department of Ecoscience [Roskilde, Denmark], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre, Institute of Biological Problems of the North (IBPN), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Life and Environmental Sciences [Iceland], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], South Iceland Nature Research Centre [Iceland], Institute for Searbird Research and Conservation, Department of Ecoscience - Aarhus University [Denmark], Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk (UG), Institute of Arctic Biology, Northeast Iceland Nature Research Centre [Húsavík], Murmansk Marine Biological [Russia], Institute Russian Academy of Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada [Canada], National Wildlife Research Centre, Biology, Acadia University,Wolfville, NS, Canada, Acadia University, Memorial Univerisity of Newfoundland and Labrador, Faroe Marine Reseaqrch Institute [Faroe Islands], Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University (OSU), Icelandic Institute of Natural History, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat [Norway], Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France, ANR-16-CE34-0005,ILETOP,Impact des polluants historiques et émergents sur les prédateurs supérieurs marins de l'Arctique(2016), and ANR-20-CE34-0006,ARCTIC-STRESSORS,Effets combinés des stresseurs environnementaux multiples sur les oiseaux marins Arctiques(2020)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Arctic Regions, Toxicological effects, Mercury, Feathers, Pollution, Birds, Arctic, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Toxicity benchmarks, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of mercury (Hg) on Arctic biota in 2011 and 2018, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic bird studies. This review article provides contemporary Hg exposure and potential health risk for 36 Arctic seabird and shorebird species, representing a larger portion of the Arctic than during previous AMAP assessments now also including parts of the Russian Arctic. To assess risk to birds, we used Hg toxicity benchmarks established for blood and converted to egg, liver, and feather tissues. Several Arctic seabird populations showed Hg concentrations that exceeded toxicity benchmarks, with 50 % of individual birds exceeding the "no adverse health effect" level. In particular, 5 % of all studied birds were considered to be at moderate or higher risk to Hg toxicity. However, most seabirds (95 %) were generally at lower risk to Hg toxicity. The highest Hg contamination was observed in seabirds breeding in the western Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Most Arctic shorebirds exhibited low Hg concentrations, with approximately 45 % of individuals categorized at no risk, 2.5 % at high risk category, and no individual at severe risk. Although the majority Arctic-breeding seabirds and shorebirds appeared at lower risk to Hg toxicity, recent studies have reported deleterious effects of Hg on some pituitary hormones, genotoxicity, and reproductive performance. Adult survival appeared unaffected by Hg exposure, although long-term banding studies incorporating Hg are still limited. Although Hg contamination across the Arctic is considered low for most bird species, Hg in combination with other stressors, including other contaminants, diseases, parasites, and climate change, may still cause adverse effects. Future investigations on the global impact of Hg on Arctic birds should be conducted within a multi-stressor framework. This information helps to address Article 22 (Effectiveness Evaluation) of the Minamata Convention on Mercury as a global pollutant.

Published
2022

14. Parasitism reduces oxidative stress of fish host experimentally exposed to PAHs

Author

Frédéric Angelier, Cécile Ribout, Fabrice Alliot, Beatriz Decencière, Noëlie Molbert, Clotilde Biard, Aurélie Goutte, Alexis Millot, Mathieu Leroux-Coyau, Simon Agostini, Sorbonne Université (SU), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Ecophysiology, Cyprinidae, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Zoology, Parasitism, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, Wildlife, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Acanthocephalan, Environmental pollution, Antioxidants, Host-Parasite Interactions, medicine, Metabolites, Animals, Parasite hosting, GE1-350, 14. Life underwater, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Host (biology), Squalius, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental Exposure, General Medicine, Environmental exposure, Aquatic ecotoxicology, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Environmental sciences, Oxidative Stress, Telomeres, TD172-193.5, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Pollutants, Oxidative stress
Abstract

International audience; Some parasites are known to bioaccumulate some environmental pollutants within their host. We hypothesized that these parasites may be beneficial for their hosts in polluted environments. We experimentally increased long-term (five weeks) exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, three levels: 0.1X, 1X, 10X environmental exposure) in European chubs (Squalius cephalus) that were naturally infected or uninfected with acanthocephalan parasites. We monitored PAHs levels in fish tissues, as well as oxidative stress, telomere length and condition indices. Although parasite infection did not significantly reduce the levels of PAHs and PAH metabolites in host tissues, host oxidative status was explained by parasitism and pollution levels. Oxidative damage increased with parasitism in fish exposed to low PAH levels (0.1X) but decreased in infected fish at higher PAH exposure (10X), thus corroborating our hypothesis. Meanwhile, antioxidant capacity did not differ in response to parasite infection nor PAHs exposure. Despite this imbalance in oxidative status, experimental increase in PAH levels did not compromise telomere length, body condition, or survival in infected and uninfected fish. This study provides the first experimental evidence that the outcome of host-parasite interactions can shift from negative to positive as pollutant exposure increases.

Published
2021

15. Determinants of Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutant Levels in the European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis) in the Camargue Wetland, France

Author

Marion Vittecoq, Fabrice Alliot, Gabriel Blouin-Demers, Louisiane Burkart, Aurélie Goutte, Nicolas Martin, Anthony Olivier, Olivier Lourdais, Clément Le Gac, Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and University of Ottawa [Ottawa]

Subjects
Male, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Biomagnification, Wetland, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Polychlorinated biphenyl, chemistry.chemical_compound, Persistent Organic Pollutants, organochlorine pesticides, law, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Turtle (robot), Pesticides, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Persistent organic pollutant, geography.geographical_feature_category, PCB, Emys orbicularis, biology, Delta wetlands, Reptiles, Hexachlorobenzene, biology.organism_classification, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Turtles, Fishery, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, Wetlands, Environmental science, Environmental Pollutants, Female, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Many banned persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remain for decades in the aquatic environment and can have harmful effects on long-lived predators because of their high bioaccumulation and biomagnification potentials. We investigated the occurrence and levels of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 16 organochlorine pesticides in European pond turtles (n = 174) from April to July 2018 in the Camargue wetland, France. Although the Camargue was highly contaminated in previous decades, plasma occurrence and levels of POPs were very low: we were able to quantify only 3 of the 34 compounds we analyzed in >10% of the turtles. The burdens from POPs did not differ between males and females and were uncorrelated with sampling date and body mass. We observed differences in POP burdens between turtles from the 2 sampling sites. One possible explanation is that the sampling sites were in different agricultural hydraulic systems: plasma occurrence and levels were higher for PCB-52 and hexachlorobenzene in turtles captured in drainage channels and for PCB-153 at the site that receives irrigation. Finally, the occurrence and levels of PCB-153 in turtles increased with age, likely because of bioaccumulation and much higher exposure 20 to 30 yr ago than now. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2261-2268. © 2021 SETAC.

Published
2021

16. Fish from urban rivers and with high pollutant levels have shorter telomeres

Author

Aurélie Goutte, Cécile Ribout, Frédéric Angelier, Noëlie Molbert, Fabrice Alliot, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Pollution, phthalate, European chub, Physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Rivers, Urbanization, Animals, metabolites, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Pollutant, Ecology, Squalius, Phthalate, pesticides, Pesticide, Telomere, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Ectotherm, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Pollutants, France, chub, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Environmental pressures, such as urbanization and exposure to pollutants may jeopardize survival of free-living animals. Yet, much remains to be known about physiological and ecological responses to currently-released pollutants, especially in wild vertebrate ectotherms. We tested the effect of urbanization and pollution (phthalates, organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls, polybromodiphenylethers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and some of their metabolites) on telomere length, a suggested biomarker of life expectancy, in the European chub, Squalius cephalus , from urban and agricultural rivers of the Marne hydrographic network, France. We showed that telomere length was reduced in chub from urban rivers. Moreover, among the wide range of anthropogenic contaminants investigated, high levels of phthalate metabolites in liver were associated with shorter telomeres. This study suggests that urbanization and chemical pollution may compromise survival of wild fish, by accelerating telomere attrition.

Published
2021

17. Effects of DEHP on the ecdysteroid pathway, sexual behavior and offspring of the moth Spodoptera littoralis

Author

Matthieu Dacher, Isabelle Boulogne, Aurélie Goutte, Annick Maria, Alexandra Cordeiro, David Siaussat, Fabrice Alliot, Martine Maïbèche, Manuel Massot, Amandine Aviles, Françoise Bozzolan, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade Paulista [São Paulo] (UNIP), Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Sexual behavior, Male, endocrine system, Offspring, Zoology, Olfaction, Biology, Endocrine Disruptors, Moths, Spodoptera, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sexual Behavior, Animal, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Nuclear receptors, Diethylhexyl Phthalate, Animals, Mortality, Mating, Spodoptera littoralis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Ecdysteroid, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Reproduction, fungi, Stage duration, Phthalate, Ecdysteroids, biology.organism_classification, Hormone, 030227 psychiatry, Smell, Fecundity, chemistry, Maternal Exposure, Sex pheromone, Larva, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Transgenerational effec, Insect, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Metabolic Networks and Pathways
Abstract

International audience; Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely produced plasticizer that is considered to act as an endocrine-disrupting chemical in vertebrates and invertebrates. Indeed, many studies have shown that DEHP alters hormonal levels, reproduction and behavior in vertebrates. Few studies have focused on the effects of DEHP on insects, although DEHP is found almost everywhere in their natural habitats, particularly in soils and plants. Here, we investigated the effects of DEHP on the sexual behavior and physiology of a pest insect, the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis. In this nocturnal species, olfaction is crucial for sexual behavior, and ecdysteroids at the antennal level have been shown to modulate sex pheromone detection by males. In the present study, larvae were fed food containing different DEHP concentrations, and DEHP concentrations were then measured in the adults (males and females). Hemolymphatic ecdysteroid concentrations, the antennal expression of genes involved in the ecdysteroid pathway (nuclear receptors EcR, USP, E75, and E78 and calmodulin) and sexual behavior were then investigated in adult males. The success and latency of mating as well as the hatching success were also studied in pairs consisting of one DEHP male and one uncontaminated female or one DEHP female and one uncontaminated male. We also studied the offspring produced from pairs involving contaminated females to test the transgenerational effect of DEHP. Our results showed the general downregulation of nuclear receptors and calmodulin gene expression associated with the higher concentrations of DEHP, suggesting peripheral olfactory disruption. We found some effects on male behavior but without an alteration of the mating rate. Effects on offspring mortality and developmental rates in the N + 1 generation were also found at the higher doses of DEHP. Taken together, the results of the study show for the first time that larval exposure to DEHP can induce delayed endocrine-disruptive effects in the adults of a terrestrial insect as well as effects on the next generation. To date, our study is also the first description of an impact of endocrine disrupter on olfaction in insects.

Published
2020

18. Urbanization Constrains Skin Bacterial Phylogenetic Diversity in Wild Fish Populations and Correlates with the Proliferation of Aeromonads

Author

Yannick, Colin, Thierry, Berthe, Noëlie, Molbert, Elodie, Guigon, Anne-Laure, Vivant, Fabrice, Alliot, Sylvie, Collin, Aurélie, Goutte, and Fabienne, Petit

Subjects
Bacteria, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Urbanization, Animals, Phylogeny, Cell Proliferation
Abstract

Changes in the state of rivers resulting from the activity and expansion of urban areas are likely to affect aquatic populations by increasing stress and disease, with the microbiota playing a potentially important intermediary role. Unraveling the dynamics of microbial flora is therefore essential to better apprehend the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on the health of host populations and the ecological integrity of hydrosystems. In this context, the present study simultaneously examined changes in the microbial communities associated with mucosal skin and gut tissues of eight fish species along an urbanization gradient in the Orge River (France). 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding revealed that the structure and composition of the skin microbiota varied substantially along the disturbance gradient and to a lesser extent according to fish taxonomy. Sequences affiliated with the Gammaproteobacteria, in particular the genus Aeromonas, prevailed on fish caught in the most urbanized areas, whereas they were nearly absent upstream. This rise of opportunistic taxa was concomitant with a decline in phylogenetic diversity, suggesting more constraining environmental pressures. In comparison, fish gut microbiota varied much more moderately with the degree of urbanization, possibly because this niche might be less directly exposed to environmental stressors. Co-occurrence networks further identified pairs of associated bacterial taxa, co-existing more or less often than expected at random. Few correlations could be identified between skin and gut bacterial taxa, supporting the assumption that these two microbial niches are disconnected and do not suffer from the same vulnerability to anthropic pressures.

Published
2020

19. Trophic transfer of micropollutants and their metabolites in an urban riverine food web

Author

Fabrice Alliot, Hélène Budzinski, Pierre Labadie, Raphaël Santos, Caroline Simonnet-Laprade, Karyn Le Menach, Victor Lachaux, Aurélie Goutte, Kevin Maciejewski, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Haute Ecole du Paysage, d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture de Genève (HEPIA)

Subjects
Pollutant, Pyrethroid pesticides, Food Chain, Metabolite, Phthalate, General Chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, 6. Clean water, Food web, Dilution, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chlorinated paraffins, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, France, Water Pollutants, Chemical, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Trophic magnification factors (TMFs, i.e., the average change in the log-concentration of a pollutant per trophic level) have been extensively assessed for the so-called persistent organic pollutants, especially organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which are biomagnified along the food web. In contrast, trophic dilution was documented for pollutants with a high metabolic conversion rate, such as phthalate plasticizers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, the fate of their metabolites across the food web has been rarely investigated. In this comparative study, the trophodynamics of 104 micropollutants and 25 of their metabolites were investigated in a freshwater food web from the urban Orge River, France. Trophic levels were determined using stable isotopes. Pyrethroid pesticides and their metabolites were not detected. As predicted, PCBs and OCPs biomagnified (TMF >1), while all chlorinated paraffins (CPs), PAHs, and phthalates underwent a trophic dilution (TMF

Published
2020

20. Les visions de la Seine et de son bassin par le PIREN-Seine : outils et approches d'hier à demain

Author

Julien Tournebize, Michel Meybeck, Céline Le Pichon, Natalie Chong, José-Frédéric Deroubaix, Aurélie Goutte, Laura Seguin, Catherine Carré, Nicolas Flipo, Josette Garnier, Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre de Géosciences (GEOSCIENCES), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Drainage basin, 010501 environmental sciences, Metrology, 01 natural sciences, Common knowledge, Citizen science, Long term, Quality (business), Quality trajectory, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Vision, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Citizen journalism, Scenario, Yesterday, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Participative tool, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Critical assessment, business, Scientific production, Model
Abstract

The aim of this chapter is to provide a critical assessment of the approaches and production of tools within the PIREN-Seine programme over the past 30 years, as well as their use for river basin management and river quality improvement, and to analyse the challenges for the future. Three types of tools used in the PIREN-Seine programme are presented: metrology and fieldwork; model construction, simulation and their use in scenarios; and participatory science tools. These tools have been gradually built by the PIREN-Seine researchers and often developed together with the partners of the research programme, the main managers of the Seine River basin. Three issues raised by scientists and their partners are identified: (1) for metrology, how it has been improved to measure the state of waterbodies and to avoid their degradation; (2) for models, what they currently do and do not do and how they share common knowledge with practitioners; and (3) the place of researchers in the use of participatory devices in territories and their view of the effects of these tools to improve the quality of rivers and aquifers.

Published
2020

21. Potential Benefits of Acanthocephalan Parasites for Chub Hosts in Polluted Environments

Author

Lisa Jacquin, Vincent Médoc, Mathieu Leroux-Coyau, Fabrice Alliot, Noëlie Molbert, Aurélie Goutte, Sandrine Meylan, Clotilde Biard, Raphaël Santos, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay (NeuroPSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute Ecole du Paysage, d'Ingénierie et d'Architecture de Genève (HEPIA), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pollution, media_common.quotation_subject, Cyprinidae, Parasitism, Zoology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Acanthocephala, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Parasite hosting, Parasites, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Pollutant, biology, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Bioaccumulation, Freshwater fish, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Some parasites are expected to have beneficial impacts on wild populations in polluted environments because of their bioaccumulation potential of pollutants from their hosts. The fate of organic micropollutants in host−parasite systems and the combined effect of parasitism and pollution were investigated in chub Squalius cephalus, a freshwater fish, infected (n = 73) or uninfected (n = 45) by acanthocephalan parasites Pomphorhynchus sp. from differently contaminated riverine sites. Several ubiquitous pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, insecticides, pyrethroids, and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)) and some of their metabolites were characterized for the first time in parasites and various fish matrices (muscle, liver, and stomach content). Most organic pollutants reached higher levels in parasites than in chub matrices. In contrast, metabolite levels were lower in parasite tissues compared to fish matrices. Infected and uninfected chub exhibited no significant differences in their pollutant load. Body condition, organo-somatic indices, and immunity were not affected by parasitism, and few correlations were found with chemical pollution. Interestingly, infected chub exhibited lower oxidative damage compared to uninfected fish, irrespective of their pollutant load. In light of these results, this correlative study supports the hypothesis that acanthocephalan parasites could bring benefits to their hosts to cope with organic pollution.

Published
2020

22. Experience Gained from Ecotoxicological Studies in the Seine River and Its Drainage Basin Over the Last Decade: Applicative Examples and Research Perspectives

Author

Iris Barjhoux, Aurélie Goutte, Mélissa Palos-Ladeiro, Marc Bonnard, Lucie Oziol, Odile Dedourge-Geffard, and Adeline Geffard

Subjects
Pollution, Weight of evidence, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemical measurement, media_common.quotation_subject, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Drainage basin, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, Fishery, Biomonitoring, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, media_common
Abstract

The Seine River and its drainage basin are recognised as one of the most urbanised water systems in France. This chapter gathers typical applications of complementary ecotoxicological tools that were used in PIREN-Seine programmes for a decade to reflect the Seine River contamination as well as its biological repercussions on organisms. Ecotoxicological studies focused on both (1) specific bioassays and (2) (sub)-individual biological responses (i.e. biomarkers) measured in diverse taxa (i.e. crustaceans, mussels and fishes) representative of the trophic network. Experience gained from these studies made it possible to establish reference and threshold values for numerous biological endpoints. They now can be combined with chemical measurements within integrated models (i.e. the Weight of Evidence [WOE] approach) generating a global index of waterbody pollution. These biological endpoints today appear sufficiently relevant and mature to be proposed to water stakeholders as efficient tools to support environmental management strategies.

Published
2020

23. Biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the food web of an urban river: assessment of the trophic transfer of targeted and unknown precursors and implications

Author

Hélène Budzinski, Pierre Labadie, Kevin Maciejewski, Karyn Le Menach, Raphaël Santos, Caroline Simonnet-Laprade, Fabrice Alliot, Aurélie Goutte, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement, and École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)

Subjects
Food Chain, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biomagnification, Carboxylic Acids, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Food chain, Rivers, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Fluorotelomer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Fluorocarbons, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Fishes, Biota, General Medicine, Bioaccumulation, Invertebrates, 6. Clean water, Food web, Perfluorooctane, chemistry, Alkanesulfonic Acids, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Biofilms, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, France, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The present work examined the trophic transfer of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a typical urban river (Orge River, near Paris, France), and aimed to investigate the potential contribution of precursors to the biomagnification of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). Sixteen PFAAs, twelve of their precursors (pre-PFAAstargeted) and two fluorinated alternatives to long-chain PFASs were analyzed in water, sediments and biota (including biofilm, invertebrates and fish). Twenty two compounds were detected in biological samples (2.0–147 ng g−1 wet weight), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and C12–C14 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) being predominant while ∑pre-PFAAstargeted contributed to 1–18% of ∑PFASs. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were >1 (i.e. denoting biomagnification) for C9–C14 PFCAs, C7–C10 perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFSAs) and several pre-PFAAs (e.g. 8 : 2 and 10 : 2 fluorotelomer sulfonates). The significant decrease in ∑pre-PFCAs/∑PFCAs concentration ratio with trophic level suggested a likely contribution of selected precursors to the biomagnification of PFCAs through biotransformation, while this was less obvious for PFOS. The total oxidizable precursor assay, applied for the first time to sediment and biota, revealed the presence of substantial proportions of extractable unknown pre-PFAAs in all samples (i.e. 15–80% of ∑PFASs upon oxidation). This proportion significantly decreased from sediments to invertebrates and fish, thereby pointing to the biotransformation of unattributed pre-PFAAs in the trophic web, which likely contributes to the biomagnification of some PFAAs (i.e. C9–C12 PFCAs and C7–C10 PFSAs).

Published
2019

24. Multiresidue Methods for the Determination of Organic Micropollutants and Their Metabolites in Fish Matrices

Author

Raphaël Santos, Jean-Marie Mouchel, Noëlie Molbert, Marc Chevreuil, Aurélie Goutte, and Fabrice Alliot

Subjects
Insecticides, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Metabolite, Cyprinidae, 010501 environmental sciences, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Organic Chemicals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Muscles, 010401 analytical chemistry, Selected reaction monitoring, Contamination, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Bioaccumulation, Environmental chemistry, %22">Fish , France, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Two analytical methods were developed for the determination of 48 organic compounds and 20 of their main by-products in fish matrices. The targeted compounds belong to various chemical classes of metabolizable (phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, insecticides [pyrethroids and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide]) and legacy (organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers) pollutants. Analyses were performed by gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and dynamic MRM, respectively. Method performances were satisfactory, with results meeting the validation criteria because they achieved good linearity responses, recovery, precision, and accuracy for most of the 68 investigated compounds. The methods were then applied on 3 feral chub (Squalius cephalus) collected from the Marne hydrographic network (France). Twenty-six parent compounds and 5 metabolites were systematically detected in fish matrices, with substantial concentration variability within and among individuals. Phthalates and pyrethroids accounted for most of the pollutant load. Metabolite concentrations in liver samples exceeded those of parent molecules in fish muscle. The present study presents 2 reliable methods for the determination of a wide range of contaminants and underlines the importance of metabolite analysis for a more comprehensive understanding of pollutant bioaccumulation and fate in aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1866-1878. © 2019 SETAC.

Published
2018

25. Effects of DEHP on post-embryonic development, nuclear receptor expression, metabolite and ecdysteroid concentrations of the moth Spodoptera littoralis

Author

Matthieu Dacher, Nicolas Durand, Isabelle Boulogne, David Siaussat, Amandine Aviles, Martine Maïbèche, Aurélie Goutte, Annick Maria, Alexandra Cordeiro, Françoise Bozzolan, David Renault, Fabrice Alliot, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), This work was supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR) [project endocrine Disruption of Insect Sexual Communication 2016–2019] and grant for INRA SPE department., ANR-14-CE21-0003,DISCO,Impact des perturbateurs endocriniens sur la communication sexuelle des insectes(2014), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Gene Expression, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Environmental pollution, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Endocrine Disruptors, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, media_common, Larva, biology, Reproduction, Phthalate, Metamorphosis, Biological, Pupa, General Medicine, Pollution, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Environmental Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, Spodoptera, Internal medicine, Diethylhexyl Phthalate, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Metamorphosis, Spodoptera littoralis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Ecdysteroid, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, metabolic profiling, Ecdysteroids, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 020801 environmental engineering, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Endocrinology, chemistry, insect, environmental pollution, Hormone
Abstract

International audience; Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is recognized in vertebrates as an Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC). DEHP can alter steroid hormones production, development, reproduction and behavior in vertebrates. Only few studies investigated DEHP effects on insects. However, some recent studies on aquatic insects showed that DEHP could also act as an EDC by interfering with the signaling pathways of ecdysteroids, the main hormones involved in the control of insect post-embryonic development and physiology. The aim of the study was to investigate (1) the fate of DEHP within a terrestrial insect species by exposing larvae to food containing a wide range of DEHP concentrations and (2) the effects of this chemical on their post-embryonic development and metamorphosis, by using a multi-level approach. DEHP was shown to be present both in larvae and resulting stages, with higher concentrations in chrysalises and adults than in larvae. DEHP concentrations also decreased at the end of the last larval instar, suggesting the metabolic transformation or excretion of this chemical during this time. Only the two highest DEHP doses induced higher insect mortality, whereas low and intermediate concentrations increased larval food consumption without affecting body weight. Metabolic profiles showed that in control insects, the last three days before metamorphosis correspond to a metabolic transition, but with time-dependent changes in treated insects. Interestingly, DEHP treatments also alter both hemolymphatic ecdysteroid titers and expression levels of ecdysteroid response genes. These results confirm that DEHP can alter insect post-embryonic development and metamorphosis, by interfering with ecdysteroid pathways.

Published
2018

26. Demographic, endocrine and behavioral responses to mirex in the South polar skua

Author

Henri Weimerskirch, Pierre Labadie, Laurent Peluhet, Alizée Meillère, Aurélie Goutte, Karine Delord, Hélène Budzinski, Olivier Chastel, Christophe Barbraud, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Insecticides, Catharacta maccormicki, Environmental Engineering, Population dynamics, Population, Zoology, Endocrine System, 010501 environmental sciences, Ecotoxicology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Mark and recapture, Charadriiformes, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Vital rates, Capture–mark–recapture, Mirex, education, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, Behavior, Animal, biology, Reproduction, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Demographic analysis, Population decline, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Pollutants, Matrix population models, Paternal care, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Population consequences of chronic exposure to multiple pollutants at low environmental doses remain speculative, because of the lack of appropriate long-term monitoring surveys. This study integrates proximate and ultimate aspects of persistent organic pollutants (POP) burden in free-living vertebrates, by coupling hormonal and behavioral endpoints, life-history traits, and population dynamics. Blood samples (N = 70) were collected in South polar skuas during two breeding periods, in 2003 and 2005, and individuals were annually monitored until 2011. Multi-state mark recapture models were used to test the effects of POP levels on demographic traits. Survival rate and long-term breeding probability were not related to individual POP levels, whereas long-term breeding success significantly decreased with increasing blood levels of mirex, an organochlorine insecticide. At the proximate level, corticosterone (stress hormone) and prolactin (parental care hormone) levels were not linked to individual POP burden. Nest defense in 2005 was significantly less intensive in chick-rearing skuas bearing higher mirex levels, suggesting reproductive behavioral impairment. Matrix population models were then built to project the rate of population decline according to increasing mirex burden. Although mirex levels were 2.8 times higher in 2003 than in 2005, the population-level effect of mirex was only detected in 2005, the year of higher corticosterone levels. The combination of endocrine traits with demographic analysis thereby enables to provide new support of synergistic interactions between pollutants and stress levels on long-term breeding outputs and population dynamics.

Published
2018

28. Demographic responses to mercury exposure in two closely related Antarctic top predators

Author

Olivier Chastel, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch, Aurélie Goutte, Paco Bustamante, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, south polar skua, Climate Change, capture-recapture, Wildlife, Antarctic Regions, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, survival, 01 natural sciences, Skua, Mark and recapture, Charadriiformes, Brown skua, Catharacta maccormicki, population dynamics, pollution, Animals, 14. Life underwater, heavy metals, Southern Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Apex predator, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Mercury, biology.organism_classification, reproductive performance, Mercury (element), Populus, population projections, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Archipelago, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, brown skua
Abstract

International audience; Although toxic chemicals constitute a major threat for wildlife, their effects have been mainly assessed at the individual level and under laboratory conditions. Predicting population-level responses to pollutants in natural conditions is a major and ultimate task in ecological and ecotoxicological research. The present study aims to estimate the effect of mercury (Hg) levels on future apparent survival rates and breeding performances. We used long-term data set (ca. 10 years) and recently-developed methodological tools on two closely-related Antarctic top predators, the south polar skua Catharacta maccormicki from Adélie Land and the brown skua C. lonnbergi from the Kerguelen archipelago. Adult survival rates and breeding probabilities were not affected by Hg levels, while breeding success the following year decreased with increasing Hg levels. Although south polar skuas exhibited much lower Hg levels than brown skuas, they suffered from higher Hg-induced breeding failure. This species-difference could be attributed to an interaction between Hg and other environmental perturbations, including climate change and complex cocktail of pollutants. By including Hg-dependent demographic parameters in population models, we showed a weak population decline in response to increasing Hg levels. This demographic decline was more pronounced in south polar skuas than in brown skuas. Hence Hg exposure differently affects closely-related species. The wide range of environmental perturbations in Antarctic regions could exacerbate the demographic responses to Hg levels. In that respect, we urge future population modeling to take into account the coupled effects of climate change and anthropogenic pollutions to estimate population projections.

Published
2014

29. High feather mercury concentrations in the wandering albatross are related to sex, breeding status and trophic ecology with no demographic consequences

Author

Christophe Barbraud, Yves Cherel, Karine Delord, Olivier Chastel, Paco Bustamante, Henri Weimerskirch, Alice Carravieri, Aurélie Goutte, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and ANR-10-CESA-0016,POLARTOP,Contaminants chez les prédateurs supérieurs polaires: niveaux et effets des polluants organiques et métaux lourds sur la physiologie du stress et le devenir des oiseaux marins des Terres Australes Françaises (TAAF)(2010)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, Foraging, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Birds, Sex Factors, Age, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Trophic level, Apex predator, Stable isotopes, Ecology, Hatching, Metal, Age Factors, Feeding Behavior, Mercury, Feathers, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, Bioaccumulation, Immature, Feather, visual_art, Wandering albatross, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Female, Sex, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Moulting, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Hg can affect physiology of seabirds and ultimately their demography, particularly if they are top consumers. In the present study, body feathers of > 200 wandering albatrosses from Possession Island in the Crozet archipelago were used to explore the potential demographic effects of the long-term exposure to Hg on an apex predator. Variations of Hg with sex, age class, foraging habitat (inferred from δ13C values), and feeding habits (inferred from δ15N values) were examined as well as the influence of Hg on current breeding output, long-term fecundity and survival. Wandering albatrosses displayed among the highest Hg feather concentrations reported for seabirds, ranging from 5.9 to 95 µg g-1, as a consequence of their high trophic position (δ15N values). These concentrations fall within the same range of those of other wandering albatross populations from subantarctic sites, suggesting that this species has similar exposure to Hg all around the Southern Ocean. In both immature and adult albatrosses, females had higher Hg concentrations than males (28 vs 20 µg g-1 dw on average, respectively), probably as a consequence of females foraging at lower latitudes than males (δ13C values). Hg concentrations were higher in immature than in adult birds, and they remained fairly constant across a wide range of ages in adults. Such high levels in immature individuals question (i) the frequency of moult in young birds, (ii) the efficiency of Hg detoxification processes in immatures compared to adults, and (iii) importantly the potential detrimental effects of Hg in early life. Despite very high Hg concentrations in their feathers, neither effects on adults’ breeding probability, hatching failure and fledgling failure, nor on adults’ survival rate were detected, suggesting that long-term bioaccumulated Hg was not under a chemical form leading to deleterious effects on reproductive parameters in adult individuals.

Published
2016

30. Phthalate metabolites in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from Mediterranean coastal lagoons

Author

C. Fourgous, E. Amilhat, Marie-Jeanne Teil, Fabrice Alliot, Aurélie Goutte, Elisabeth Faliex, Marc Chevreuil, Séverine Paris-Palacios, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet, and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Muscle tissue, Mediterranean climate, Environmental Engineering, Phthalic Acids, By-product, Phthalate monoesters, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Plasticizers, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Body Size, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Muscles, 010401 analytical chemistry, Phthalate, Age Factors, Anguilla, Pollution, 0104 chemical sciences, Phthalic acid, medicine.anatomical_structure, Fish, chemistry, Liver, Environmental chemistry, %22">Fish , France, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Negative correlation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Xenobiotic, Body condition, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; The levels and fate of phthalate metabolites have been poorly evaluated in fish, despite their potential ecotoxicological impacts. The present study aims to characterize the levels of phthalate metabolites in muscle tissue of yellow eels (Anguilla anguilla) from two coastal Mediterranean lagoons, during three sampling periods. Nine phthalate metabolites were detected in > 70% of the samples. Slightly higher levels of phthalate metabolites were detected in March and June compared to October, suggesting possible seasonal variations in environmental release and/or phthalate metabolization process by eels. The large sample size (N = 117) made it possible to explore correlations between phthalate metabolites' levels and individual parameters, such as body length, age, body condition and hepatic histo-pathologies. Body length and estimated age poorly correlated with phthalate metabolites, suggesting that eels did not accumulate phthalates during growth, contrary to persistent compounds. Eels presented different grades of hepatic fibrosis and lipidosis. A negative correlation was found between the severity of these pathologies in the liver and the sum of phthalate metabolites levels, supporting the hypothesis that eels with damaged liver are less able to metabolize xenobiotics.

Published
2016

31. Relationships between POPs and baseline corticosterone levels in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) across their breeding cycle

Author

Dorte Herzke, Kjetil Sagerup, Aurélie Goutte, Claus Bech, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Jan Ove Bustnes, Colette Trouvé, Tore Nordstad, Olivier Chastel, Børge Moe, Norwegian Polar Institute, Department of biology (Faculty of Science and Technology), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (FRAM), High North Research Centre on Climate and the Environment, and Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Rissa tridactyla, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Period (gene), 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Charadriiformes, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, Seasonal breeder, medicine, Animals, Organic Chemicals, Incubation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Reproduction, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Allostatic load, Endocrinology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Kittiwake, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Environmental Monitoring, Hormone
Abstract

International audience; Chronic exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wildlife might alter the response to environmental changes through interference with the regulation of stress hormones. Here, we examined the relationship between blood concentrations of several POPs and baseline plasma corticosterone levels in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) during three distinct periods in the breeding season. The concentrations of POPs and corticosterone increased, whereas body mass decreased progressively from the pre-laying period to the incubation and the chick rearing period. ∑PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) correlated positively with the baseline corticosterone levels during the pre-laying period, which might suggest that PCBs affect the regulation of corticosterone. However, this relationship was not found during the incubation or the chick rearing period. Possible explanations are discussed with emphasis on how total stress/allostatic load is handled during different periods and conditions.

Published
2012

32. Multicolony tracking reveals the winter distribution of a pelagic seabird on an ocean basin scale

Author

Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Richard A. Phillips, Deryk N. Shaw, Jacob González-Solís, Harald Steen, John W. Chardine, Lorraine S. Chivers, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, Robert T. Barrett, Anthony J. Gaston, Hallvard Strøm, Olivier Chastel, Mark L. Mallory, Thierry Boulinier, Céline Clément-Chastel, Thorkell Lindberg Thórarinsson, Robin Freeman, Francis Daunt, Gitte Høj Jensen, Kendrew Colhoun, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Morten Frederiksen, Geir Helge Systad, Maria I. Bogdanova, Mark Newell, Tim Guilford, Børge Moe, Yuri Krasnov, Aurélie Goutte, Bergur Olsen, and David Grémillet

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, education.field_of_study, Rissa tridactyla, biology, Ecology, Range (biology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Population size, Population, Biodiversity, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, biology.animal, Kittiwake, 14. Life underwater, Seabird, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Aim: An understanding of the non-breeding distribution and ecology of migratory species is necessary for successful conservation. Many seabirds spend the non-breeding season far from land, and information on their distribution during this time is very limited. The black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla, is a widespread and numerous seabird in the North Atlantic and Pacific, but breeding populations throughout the Atlantic range have declined recently. To help understand the reasons for the declines, we tracked adults from colonies throughout the Atlantic range over the non-breeding season using light-based geolocation. Location: North Atlantic. Methods: Geolocation data loggers were deployed on breeding kittiwakes from 19 colonies in 2008 and 2009 and retrieved in 2009 and 2010. Data from 236 loggers were processed and plotted using GIS. Size and composition of wintering populations were estimated using information on breeding population size. Results: Most tracked birds spent the winter in the West Atlantic, between Newfoundland and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, including in offshore, deep-water areas. Some birds (mainly local breeders) wintered in the North Sea and west of the British Isles. There was a large overlap in winter distributions of birds from different colonies, and colonies closer to each other showed larger overlap. We estimated that 80% of the 4.5 million adult kittiwakes in the Atlantic wintered west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, with only birds from Ireland and western Britain staying mainly on the European side. Main conclusions: The high degree of mixing in winter of kittiwakes breeding in various parts of the Atlantic range implies that the overall population could be sensitive to potentially deteriorating environmental conditions in the West Atlantic, e.g. owing to lack of food or pollution. Our approach to estimating the size and composition of wintering populations should contribute to improved management of birds faced with such challenges.

Published
2011

33. Experimentally reduced corticosterone release promotes early breeding in black-legged kittiwakes

Author

Claus Bech, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Céline Clément-Chastel, Olivier Chastel, Børge Moe, Aurélie Goutte, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), and Norwegian Polar Institute

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Avian clutch size, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Period (gene), Energy reserves, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Egg laying, Charadriiformes, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Sex Distribution, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Reproductive success, Norway, Reproduction, Clutch Size, Sex specific, Endocrinology, chemistry, Insect Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

SUMMARY Breeding at the right time is important for successful reproduction. In birds, stressful environmental conditions are known to delay the timing of breeding but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The stress hormone corticosterone appears to be a good candidate for mediating egg-laying date according to early environmental conditions and physiological state. By experimentally reducing the release of corticosterone in black-legged kittiwakes during the pre-laying period, we tested whether egg-laying date was mechanistically linked to corticosterone levels. Male and female kittiwakes were implanted with a low dose of exogenous corticosterone to inhibit endogenous corticosterone production. According to our predictions, the experimental reduction of corticosterone release was paralleled by a significant advancement of egg laying in females (around 4 days earlier). In addition, females with experimentally reduced corticosterone release gained mass during the pre-laying period compared with controls. Ultimately, the advancement of egg laying in females with experimentally reduced corticosterone levels was associated with an enhanced breeding success. This effect was strongly sex specific. In corticosterone-treated male kittiwakes, egg-laying date and reproductive success were not affected, but breeding probability was lower than in controls. This corticosterone treatment did not influence immediate clutch size, or return rate and breeding decision the following year. Our results support the hypothesis that corticosterone secretion during the pre-laying period mediates the timing of breeding in this long-lived seabird, possibly through the dynamics of energy reserves.

Published
2011

34. Experimentally delayed hatching triggers a magnified stress response in a long-lived bird

Author

Aurélie Goutte, Olivier Chastel, Élodie Antoine, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lacalle, Martine

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Zoology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Snow petrel, Stress, Physiological, Corticosterone, Animals, Parental investment, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, biology, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Hatching, Ecology, Reproduction, Stressor, biology.organism_classification, Brood, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Linear Models, Trait
Abstract

International audience; In birds, the timing of breeding is a key life-history trait with crucial fitness consequences. We predicted that parents may value a brood less if it hatched later than expected, thereby decreasing their parental effort. In addition, breeding effort would be further modulated by the age-specific decline of future breeding opportunities. We experimentally investigated whether snow petrels, Pagodroma nivea, were less committed to care for a chick that hatched later than expected. The timing of hatching wasmanipulated by swapping eggs between early and late known-age pairs (7-44 years old), and investigations on hormonal and behavioral adjustments were conducted. As a hormonal gauge of parental commitment to the brood, we measured the corticosterone stress response of guarding adults. Indeed, an acute stress response mediates energy allocation towards survival at the expense of current reproduction and is magnified when the current brood value is low, as it is expected to be in young and/or delayed parents. As predicted, egg desertion and the magnitude of the stress response was stronger in delayed pairs compared to control ones. However, the treatment did not decrease the length of the guarding period, chick condition and chick survival. In addition, old parents resisted stress better (lower stress-induced corticosterone levels) than young ones. Our study provides evidence that snow petrels, as prudent parents, may value a brood less if it hatched later than expected. Thus, in long-lived birds, the responsiveness to stressors appeared to be adjusted according to the individual prospect of future breeding opportunities (age) and to the current brood value (timing of breeding).

Published
2011

35. Stress and the timing of breeding: Glucocorticoid-luteinizing hormones relationships in an arctic seabird

Author

Olivier Chastel, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Frédéric Angelier, Colette Trouvé, Claus Bech, Børge Moe, Aurélie Goutte, Céline Clément Chastel, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), and Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Stress, Physiological, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Testosterone, Glucocorticoids, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Arctic Regions, Reproduction, Luteinizing Hormone, Breed, chemistry, Sexual selection, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Luteinizing hormone, Glucocorticoid, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract

International audience; In birds, stressful environmental conditions delay the timing of breeding but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The stress hormone corticosterone appears to be a good candidate for mediating the decision to breed and when to start egg-laying, via a possible inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex-steroids production. We used luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) challenge in pre-laying male and female Black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) to test whether LH and testosterone secretion were depressed by elevated corticosterone levels. Females bearing high baseline corticosterone levels showed reduced baseline LH levels and a low ability to release LH, following LHRH challenge. Further, females bearing low baseline LH levels and elevated baseline corticosterone levels were more likely to skip breeding. However, non-breeding females were physiologically primed for breeding, since they mounted high LHRH-induced LH release. Egg-laying date was advanced in good body condition females but was unaffected by hormones secretion. In males, corticosterone levels had no effect on LH and/or testosterone secretion and did not affect their decision to breed. Interestingly, males with high LHRH-induced testosterone release bred early. Our study highlights clear sex-differences in the HPG sensitivity to stress hormones in pre-laying kittiwakes. Because females have to store body reserves and to build up the clutch, they would be more sensitive to stress than males. Moreover, intrasexual competition could force male kittiwakes to acquire reproductive readiness earlier in the season than females and to better resist environmental perturbations. We suggest that high testosterone releasing ability would mediate behavioural adjustments such as courtship feeding, which would stimulate early egg-laying in females.

Published
2010

36. Long-term survival effect of corticosterone manipulation in Black-legged kittiwakes

Author

Børge Moe, Claus Bech, Frédéric Angelier, Céline Clément-Chastel, Aurélie Goutte, Olivier Chastel, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Jorg Welcker, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), and Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Rissa tridactyla, media_common.quotation_subject, Endogeny, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fight-or-flight response, Charadriiformes, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Stress, Physiological, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, Long term survival, medicine, Animals, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, biology.organism_classification, Individual level, Survival Analysis, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, Reproduction
Abstract

International audience; The secretion of corticosterone in response to stress is thought to be an adaptive mechanism, which promotes immediate survival at the expense of current reproduction. However, at the individual level, the hypothesis of a corticosterone-related survival appears to be complex. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by combining for the first time an experimental manipulation of corticosterone levels and capture-mark-recapture (CMR) models. To do so, we increased corticosterone levels of chick-rearing Black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) via subcutaneous implants. Then, we monitored the long-term survival of kittiwakes over the 2 consecutive years. Corticosterone-implanted birds showed a significantly lower apparent annual survival than sham-implanted ones (46.9% vs 77.8%). This result is supported by the well-known deleterious effects of elevated corticosterone levels on cognitive and immune functions. Alternately and in the light of recent studies, our experimental manipulation may have down-regulated the endogenous secretion of corticosterone through a prolonged negative feedback. If so, the corticosterone-implanted kittiwakes may have failed to trigger an appropriate stress response during subsequent life-threatening perturbations, hence being unable to adjust their behavior and physiology toward immediate survival. This study highlights the complex long-term consequences of corticosterone manipulation on fitness in free-living vertebrates.

Published
2010

37. Age and the timing of breeding in a long-lived bird: a role for stress hormones?

Author

Henri Weimerskirch, Aurélie Goutte, Olivier Chastel, and Élodie Antoine

Subjects
Senescence, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Period (gene), Foraging, Longevity, Zoology, Biology, Breed, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Corticosterone, Internal medicine, medicine, Seasonal breeder, Reproduction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common
Abstract

Summary 1. Young birds often reproduce later in the season than older ones, with poorer breeding success, but the proximate mechanisms involved in such a pattern remain poorly studied, especially in long-lived species. One possible mechanism is the endocrine stress response which is accompanied by the release of corticosterone. Elevated corticosterone levels can trigger physiological and behavioural responses that may delay or even suppress reproduction. 2. We tested the hypothesis that the delayed timing of breeding of young birds may be related to a greater susceptibility to stress compared with older ones during the pre-laying period of the breeding season. For this purpose, known-age (7–44 years old) pre-laying snow petrels, Pagodroma nivea, were monitored for baseline and acute stress-induced corticosterone levels. We examined whether baseline and stress-induced corticosterone levels were related to age, and whether they could influence the decision to breed and egg-laying date. 3. Young snow petrels were more likely to skip the breeding season and to breed later than middle-aged birds. In addition, the oldest birds bred later than middle-aged ones, suggesting a possible senescence on laying dates. Baseline corticosterone levels were independent of age but young and very old birds were more sensitive to stress than middle-aged ones. However, there was no effect of stress-induced corticosterone levels on breeding decision and egg-laying date. Elevated baseline corticosterone levels during the pre-laying period were associated with a higher probability of skipping breeding in females and a delayed timing of egg-laying in both sexes. 4. These results suggest that the greater susceptibility of young breeders to stress was not the functional mechanism explaining their delayed timing of breeding. Baseline corticosterone levels, although independent of age, appear to be a more likely mediator of breeding decision and egg-laying date. In long-lived birds, the relationship between age and timing of breeding may be rather indirect, as other age-related factors such as breeding experience or foraging skills may have a deeper impact on baseline corticosterone than age per se.

Published
2010

38. Demographic responses to oxidative stress and inflammation in the wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans)

Author

Bruno Faivre, David Costantini, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Olivier Chastel, Gabriele Sorci, Aurélie Goutte, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Project supported by the French Polar Institute (IPEV, program 109, H.W.), Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, Zone Atelier de Recherches sur l’Environnement Antarctique et Subantarctique (CNRS-INEE)., ANR-05-BLAN-0350,STRESS OX & AGE,Stress oxydant, vieillissement et longévité chez les oiseaux(2005), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols ( METIS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and ANR-05-BLAN-0350,STRESS OX & AGE,Stress oxydant, vieillissement et longévité chez les oiseaux ( 2005 )

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Animal sexual behaviour, Zoology, lcsh:Medicine, Albatross, Birds, Reproductive senescence, Internal medicine, medicine, TBARS, Animals, lcsh:Science, Inflammation, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Reproductive success, Hatching, Reproduction, Haptoglobin, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, Wandering albatross, biology.protein, Female, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Engineering sciences. Technology, Research Article
Abstract

12 pages; International audience; One of the major challenges in ecological research is the elucidation of physiological mechanisms that underlie the demographic traits of wild animals. We have assessed whether a marker of plasma oxidative stress (TBARS) and plasma haptoglobin (protein of the acute inflammatory phase response) measured at time t predict five demographic parameters (survival rate, return rate to the breeding colony, breeding probability, hatching and fledging success) in sexually mature wandering albatrosses over the next four years (Diomedea exulans) using a five-year individual-based dataset. Non-breeder males, but not females, having higher TBARS at time t had reduced future breeding probabilities; haptoglobin was not related to breeding probability. Neither TBARS nor haptoglobin predicted future hatching or fledging success. Haptoglobin had a marginally positive effect on female survival rate, while TBARS had a marginally negative effect on return rate. Our findings do not support the role for oxidative stress as a constraint of future reproductive success in the albatross. However, our data point to a potential mechanism underlying some aspects of reproductive senescence and survival. Our results also highlight that the study of the consequences of oxidative stress should consider the life-cycle stage of an individual and its reproductive history.

Published
2015

39. Survival rate and breeding outputs in a high Arctic seabird exposed to legacy persistent organic pollutants and mercury

Author

Dorte Herzke, Paco Bustamante, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Frédéric Angelier, Christophe Barbraud, Aurélie Goutte, Olivier Chastel, Jan Ove Bustnes, Sabrina Tartu, Céline Clément-Chastel, Claus Bech, Børge Moe, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, Rissa tridactyla, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, Zoology, chemistry.chemical_element, Chlordane, Breeding, Toxicology, Hazardous Substances, Svalbard, Charadriiformes, chemistry.chemical_compound, biology.animal, Animals, 14. Life underwater, PCBs, Pesticides, education, Pollutant, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, biology, Arctic Regions, Ecology, Mercury, General Medicine, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Pollution, Mercury (element), Survival Rate, chemistry, Heavy metals, Chlordan, 13. Climate action, Kittiwake, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Seabird, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Chronic exposure to pollutants may represent a threat for wildlife.We tested whether adult survival rate, breeding probability and breeding success the year of sampling and the following year were affected by blood levels of mercury or persistent organic pollutants in Svalbard black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, by using captureemarkerecapture models over a five-year period. Survival rate was negatively linked to HCB levels in females, to chlordane mixture and oxychlordane, tended to decrease with increasing PCBs or DDE levels, but was unrelated to mercury. Breeding probability decreased with increasing mercury levels during the sampling year and with increasing CHL or HCB levels during the following year, especially in males observed as breeders. Surprisingly, the probability of raising two chicks increased with increasing HCB levels. Although levels of these legacy pollutants are expected to decline, they represent a potential threat for adult survival rate and breeding probability, possibly affecting kittiwake population dynamics. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Heavy metals Kittiwake Population Pesticides PCBs Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is the authors' accepted and refereed manuscript to the article.

Published
2015

40. Trace elements in Antarctic fish species and the influence of foraging habitats and dietary habits on mercury levels

Author

Paco Bustamante, Jean-Pierre Ponthus, Carine Churlaud, Yves Cherel, Guillaume Massé, Aurélie Goutte, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint ULaval/CNRS Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laval University [Québec], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Fauna, Foraging, Antarctic Regions, Biology, Benthos, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Ecological niche, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, fungi, Trace element, Fishes, Pelagic zone, δ15N, Feeding Behavior, Mercury, Pollution, Trace Elements, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; This study aims at describing and interpreting concentration profiles of trace elements in seven Antarctic fish species (N = 132 specimens) off Adélie Land. Ichthyofauna plays a key role in the Antarctic ecosystem, as they occupy various ecological niches, including cryopelagic (ice-associated), pelagic, and benthic habitats. Firstly, trace element levels in the studied specimens were similar to those previously observed in fish from the Southern Ocean. Apart from manganese and zinc, concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, mercury (Hg), nickel, selenium and silver differed among fish species. Muscle δ13C and δ15N values were determined to investigate whether the fish foraging habitats and dietary habits could explain Hg levels. Species and foraging habitat (δ13C) were strong predictors for variations of Hg concentrations in muscle tissues. The highest Hg contamination was found in shallow benthic fish compared to cryopelagic and pelagic fish. This pattern was likely due to the methylation of Hg in the coastal sediment and the photodemethylation by ultraviolet radiation in surface waters.

Published
2015

41. Importance of ice algal production for top predators: new insights using sea-ice biomarkers

Author

Alice Carravieri, S. De Grissac, Guillaume Massé, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Yves Cherel, Aurélie Goutte, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), European Project: 203441,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2007-StG,ICEPROXY(2008), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Petrel, Aquatic Science, Ice proxy, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, Algae, Sea ice, 14. Life underwater, Pinniped, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Southern Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Apex predator, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Adelie penguin, Pelagic zone, biology.organism_classification, Diatom, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Penguin
Abstract

International audience; Antarctic seals and seabirds are strongly dependent on sea-ice cover to complete their life history. In polar ecosystems, sea ice provides a habitat for ice-associated diatoms that ensures a substantial production of organic matter. Recent studies have presented the potential of highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) for tracing carbon flows from ice algae to higher-trophic-level organisms. However, to our knowledge, this new method has never been applied to sub-Antarctic species and Antarctic seals. Moreover, seasonal variations in HBI levels have never been investigated in Antarctic predators, despite a likely shift in food source from ice-derived to pelagic organic matter after sea-ice retreat. In the present study, we described HBI levels in a community of seabirds and seals breeding in Adélie Land, Antarctica. We then validated that sub-Antarctic seabirds had lower levels of diene, a HBI of sea-ice diatom origin, and higher levels of triene, a HBI of phytoplanktonic origin, compared with Antarctic seabirds. Finally, we explored temporal changes in HBI levels after the ice break up in summer. The level of diene relative to triene in Adélie penguin chicks increased and then declined during the breeding season, which was consistent with the short and intense proliferation of sea-ice algae in spring, followed by the pelagic phytoplankton bloom in summer. HBI biomarkers in Antarctic seabirds and seals thus indicate a shift from ice-algal derived organic matter to a pelagic carbon source during the summer breeding season.

Published
2014

42. Demographic consequences of heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants in a vulnerable long-lived bird, the wandering albatross

Author

Paco Bustamante, Alizée Meillère, Aurélie Goutte, Pierre Labadie, Henri Weimerskirch, Hélène Budzinski, Olivier Chastel, Yves Cherel, Karine Delord, Christophe Barbraud, Alice Carravieri, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, mercury, Longevity, capture-recapture, Models, Biological, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Birds, Sex Factors, Indian Ocean Islands, Metals, Heavy, Population growth, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Organic Chemicals, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, Apex predator, Pollutant, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Ecology, Reproduction, General Medicine, Environmental exposure, pesticides, Environmental Exposure, biology.organism_classification, Bycatch, Population decline, 13. Climate action, Wandering albatross, Environmental science, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), Female, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Diomedea exulans, Matrix population models, polychlorinated biphenyl, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Seabirds are top predators of the marine environment that accumulate contaminants over a long life-span. Chronic exposure to pollutants is thought to compromise survival rate and long-term reproductive outputs in these long-lived organisms, thus inducing population decline. However, the demographic consequences of contaminant exposure are largely theoretical because of the dearth of long-term datasets. This study aims to test whether adult survival rate, return to the colony and long-term breeding performance were related to blood mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs), by using a capture–mark–recapture dataset on the vulnerable wandering albatross Diomedea exulans . We did not find evidence for any effect of contaminants on adult survival probability. However, blood Hg and POPs negatively impacted long-term breeding probability, hatching and fledging probabilities. The proximate mechanisms underlying these deleterious effects are likely multifaceted, through physiological perturbations and interactions with reproductive costs. Using matrix population models, we projected a demographic decline in response to an increase in Hg or POPs concentrations. This decline in population growth rate could be exacerbated by other anthropogenic perturbations, such as climate change, disease and fishery bycatch. This study gives a new dimension to the overall picture of environmental threats to wildlife populations.

Published
2014

43. Contribution of sea ice organic matter in the diet of Antarctic fishes: a diatom-specific highly branched isoprenoid approach

Author

Aurélie Goutte, Yves Cherel, Catherine Ozouf-Costaz, J. Lanshere, Guillaume Massé, C. Robineau, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Takuvik Joint ULaval/CNRS Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laval University [Québec], and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, fungi, Sea ice, Coastal fish, Pelagic zone, Spring bloom, Ice proxy, biology.organism_classification, Habitat, Diatom, Pelagic, Benthic zone, Phytoplankton, parasitic diseases, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Benthic, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Southern Ocean, Trophic level
Abstract

International audience; New sets of diatom-specific biomarkers, highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs), have been recently proposed to trace carbon flow from ice algae and pelagic phytoplankton to higher trophic level organisms. In the Antarctic, diene, a HBI of sea ice origin was more abundant in ice-associated species, while triene, a HBI of phytoplanktonic origin, was more abundant in pelagic species. However, this HBI approach has never been applied on Antarctic benthic species. Here, we analyzed diene and triene in the liver and the muscle of eight Antarctic coastal fish species (108 specimens). HBI lipids were detected in all specimens, confirming the contribution of sea ice and pelagic organic matter in coastal benthic fish species. Moreover, HBI markers were much more concentrated in the liver than in white muscle, and the relative concentrations of diene and triene strongly varied among species, as a probable result of species differences in feeding habits and trophic ecology. Seasonal variations in HBI concentrations were detected during the whole year in white muscle, but not in the liver. These findings are consistent with the well-known spring bloom in November-December, just before the annual ice break up, and the second proliferation of ice algae during the land-fast ice formation, in April-May. Therefore, investigation of HBI lipids in white muscle will likely shed new light on seasonal changes in the contribution of ice algal-derived organic matter in higher trophic level organisms.

Published
2014

44. Age, sex and breeding status shape a complex foraging pattern in an extremely long-lived seabird

Author

Christophe Barbraud, Audrey Jaeger, Henri Weimerskirch, Olivier Chastel, Vincent Lecomte, Aurélie Goutte, Yves Cherel, Pierre Richard, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs)

Subjects
Male, Aging, senescence, Nitrogen, Niche, Foraging, stable isotopes, Subtropics, Sex Factors, Anseriformes, biology.animal, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, Carbon Isotopes, Nitrogen Isotopes, biology, Ecology, Reproduction, Feeding Behavior, wandering albatross, Feathers, biology.organism_classification, Carbon, Habitat, Feather, visual_art, breeding, Wandering albatross, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Female, Seabird, inter-nesting
Abstract

Evidence of age-dependent changes in foraging behavior of free-ranging individuals is scarce, especially at older stages. Using the isotopic niche as a proxy of the trophic niche during both the breeding (blood) and inter-nesting (feather) periods, we report here empirical evidence for age-, gender-, and breeding status-dependent foraging ecology and examine its potential consequences on subsequent reproduction and survival in an extremely long-lived species, the Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans). Immature Wandering Albatrosses of both sexes forage in the subtropics (delta13C) and feed at the same trophic position (delta15N) as the adults. In contrast to immature birds, adult females forage, on average, at more northern latitudes than males, with both sexes feeding in the subtropics during the internesting period, and males, not females, favoring subantarctic waters during incubation. In contrast to adult females, males show a unique pattern among birds and mammals of a continuous change with age in their main feeding habitat by foraging progressively farther south in colder waters during both the breeding and inter-nesting periods. In males, foraging at higher latitudes (lower feather delta13C values) is associated with a lower probability of breeding during the following years compared to other birds, but with no effect on their probability of surviving. Foraging in cold and windy waters may be linked to foraging impairment that might explain different life history trade-offs and lower investment in reproduction with age. This key point requires further longitudinal investigations and/or studies examining foraging success and the energy budget of birds feeding in different water masses.

Published
2014

45. Age-Related Mercury Contamination and Relationship with Luteinizing Hormone in a Long-Lived Antarctic Bird

Author

Henri Weimerskirch, Paco Bustamante, Olivier Chastel, Yves Cherel, Sabrina Tartu, Aurélie Goutte, Jan Ove Bustnes, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
Sexual Reproduction, Male, 0106 biological sciences, Luteinizing hormone, Aging, Pituitary gland, Physiology, lcsh:Medicine, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, Heavy Metals, Biochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Water Quality, Blood plasma, Toxins, lcsh:Science, Mercury contamination, Avian Biology, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Marine Ecology, Age Factors, Pollution, Trophic Interactions, Chemistry, medicine.anatomical_structure, Community Ecology, Endocrine disruptor, Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Environmental Pollutants, Female, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Anatomy, Research Article, Pollutants, medicine.medical_specialty, Environmental Engineering, mercury, Toxic Agents, Antarctic Regions, stable isotopes, Endocrine System, Biology, Birds, Sex Factors, Internal medicine, Age related, medicine, Reproductive Endocrinology, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Endocrine system, sex-related segregation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Endocrine Physiology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Reproductive System, Biology and Life Sciences, Hormones, Endocrinology, age, Earth Sciences, Antarctica, lcsh:Q, Physiological Processes, Pagodroma nivea, Zoology, Hormone
Abstract

International audience; Seabirds, as long-lived top predators, accumulate contaminants such as mercury (Hg), an established endocrine disruptor. In long lived species hormonal secretion varies with age; therefore, Hg-induced endocrine disruption may be exacerbated in some age classes. Here we investigated relationships between blood total Hg and luteinizing hormone (LH, a key pituitary hormone for the onset of breeding), in pre-laying known-age (11-45 years old) snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea) from Adélie Land, Antarctica. We predicted that 1) blood Hg would increase with advancing age as a consequence of bio-accumulation; and that 2) increasing blood Hg would be related to decreased concentrations of LH in the most Hg-contaminated individuals. Hg concentrations were higher in females than in males (p13C and δ15N) suggested that this unexpected pattern could originate from age and sex-related variations in trophic niche, and hence Hg exposure. Regarding LH, our prediction was only supported in young birds (≤ 23 years) where baseline LH was inversely correlated with Hg concentrations (p=0.04). Hg burden did not predict baseline LH or GnRH-induced LH in birds that were more than 23 years old. These results show that age and contaminants may interfere with major endocrine mechanisms and, together with other recent studies, support the view that Hg could be connected to LH secretion and could then impair the fitness of long-lived birds.

Published
2014

46. Annual variation in the timing of breeding, pre-breeding foraging areas and corticosterone levels in an Arctic population of black-legged kittiwakes

Author

Elin Noreen, Aurélie Goutte, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, David Pinaud, Sabrina Tartu, Børge Moe, Frédéric Angelier, Giacomo Dell'Omo, Ádám Z. Lendvai, Olivier Chastel, Claus Bech, Céline Clément-Chastel, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Ornis Italica, Ornis italica, Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, Department of Biological Sciences [Blacksburg], Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), and Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)

Subjects
Avian clutch size, Rissa tridactyla, media_common.quotation_subject, GPS, Foraging, Population, Fjord, Aquatic Science, Biology, Stress, Svalbard, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Phenology, Reproduction, biology.organism_classification, Hormones, Arctic, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Annual variations
Abstract

International audience; Late breeding usually occurs during years of poor environmental conditions, but the proximate mechanisms underlying this phenological pattern have been poorly documented. Here, we combined the deployment of GPS devices (from 2008 to 2010) and the monitoring of breeding parameters and baseline corticosterone levels (from 2007 to 2011) during the pre-laying period to investigate the proximate regulation of breeding date in an Arctic population of black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. The timing of breeding varied considerably during the course of the study and late breeding was associated with reduced clutch size and low breeding success at the individual level. Foraging strategies differed considerably between males and females and among years. All but one of the females tracked using GPS during the pre-laying period foraged inside the fjord, whereas tracked males foraged both inside and outside the fjord, using the deep waters of the Greenland-Svalbard ridge. Trips lasted longer and were to greater distances in 2009, the year of late breeding, compared to 2008 and 2010, highlighting a food scarcity in 2009. Corticosterone levels differed among years, and were the lowest in 2010, the year of earliest breeding. Moreover, kittiwakes exhibiting higher corticosterone levels tended to undertake longer trips when foraging outside the fjord. Breeding decision and laying date were not related to corticosterone levels at the individual level, but were positively influenced by body condition, suggesting that complex proximate mechanisms may affect timing of breeding in kittiwakes.

Published
2014

47. Persistent organic pollutants in benthic and pelagic organisms off Adélie Land, Antarctica

Author

Aurélie Goutte, Guillaume Massé, Fabrice Alliot, Olivier Chastel, Marc Chevreuil, Marc Eléaume, Yves Cherel, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hydrologie Environnement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Département Milieux et Peuplements Aquatiques, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
Aquatic Organisms, Krill, Food Chain, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Antarctic Regions, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pentachlorobenzene, biology.animal, Animals, Polar ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Organic Chemicals, Endemism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Echinoderm, Ecology, Persistent organic pollutants, Fishes, Pelagic zone, Hexachlorobenzene, Seabird, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Fish, chemistry, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; The concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDE) were described in benthic and pelagic species collected off Adélie Land, Antarctica. Strong differences were observed among species, with reduced PeCB and HCB levels in benthic species, and elevated PCB levels in the Antarctic yellowbelly rockcod, the Antarctic sea urchin and the snow petrel. Lower-chlorinated congeners were predominant in krill; penta-PCBs in benthic organisms; hexa- and hepta-PCBs in seabirds and cryopelagic fish. This segregation may result from sedimentation process, specific accumulation and excretion, and/or biotransformation processes. The presence of PBDEs in Antarctic coastal organisms may originate from atmospheric transport and partly from a contamination by local sources. Although POP levels in Antarctic marine organisms were substantially lower than in Arctic and temperate organisms, very little is known about their toxic effects on these cold-adapted species, with high degree of endemism.

Published
2013

48. To breed or not to breed: endocrine response to mercury contamination by an Arctic seabird

Author

Sabrina Tartu, Paco Bustamante, Jan Ove Bustnes, Claus Bech, Olivier Chastel, Céline Clément-Chastel, Børge Moe, Geir Wing Gabrielsen, Aurélie Goutte, Frédéric Angelier, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Biology [Trondheim] (IBI NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), Norwegian Polar Institute, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), and Department of Biology (Norwegian University of Science and Technology)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pituitary gland, mercury, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, Population, Zoology, chemistry.chemical_element, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Svalbard, Charadriiformes, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Endocrine system, Testosterone, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, intermittent breeding, education.field_of_study, black-legged kittiwake, Arctic Regions, Reproduction, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, GnRH challenge, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Breed, Mercury (element), Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Pituitary Gland, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, luteinizing hormone, Environmental Pollutants, Female, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Seasons, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Luteinizing hormone, Hormone
Abstract

Mercury, a ubiquitous toxic element, is known to alter expression of sex steroids and to impair reproduction across vertebrates but the mechanisms underlying these effects are not clearly identified. We examined whether contamination by mercury predicts the probability to skip reproduction in black-legged kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ) from Svalbard. We also manipulated the endocrine system to investigate the mechanism underlying this relationship. During the pre-laying period, we injected exogenous GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) to test the ability of the pituitary to release luteinizing hormone (LH, a key hormone for the release of sex steroids and hence breeding) in relation to mercury burden. Birds that skipped reproduction had significantly higher mercury concentration in blood than breeders. Endocrine profiles of these birds also varied based on breeding status (breeders versus non-breeders), mercury contamination and sex. Specifically, in skippers (birds that did not breed), baseline LH decreased with increasing mercury concentration in males, whereas it increased in females. GnRH-induced LH levels increased with increasing mercury concentration in both sexes. These results suggest that mercury contamination may disrupt GnRH input to the pituitary. Thus, high mercury concentration could affect the ability of long-lived birds to modulate their reproductive effort (skipping or breeding) according to ongoing environmental changes in the Arctic, thereby impacting population dynamics.

Published
2013

49. Diatom-Specific Highly Branched Isoprenoids as Biomarkers in Antarctic Consumers

Author

Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Vincent Klein, Mireille Raccurt, Yves Cherel, Aurélie Goutte, Camille Robineau, Catherine Ozouf-Costaz, Guillaume Massé, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écophysiologie, Comportement, Conservation, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléoclimats, proxies, processus (PALEOPROXUS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Échanges dans la couche de surface : des pôles aux tropiques (SURF), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the French Insitut Paul-Emile Victor (IPEV projects N° 1010, N°1124, N° 131, N° 1039, N° 109, European Project: 203441,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2007-StG,ICEPROXY(2008), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Takuvik Joint ULaval/CNRS Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laval University [Québec], and Laval University [Québec]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, Pagothenia borchgrevinki, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Ornithology, Ice Cover, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geography, Ecology, biology, Marine Ecology, Biota, Antarctic silverfish, Female, Seabird, Ecosystem Functioning, Research Article, Food Chain, Krill, Antarctic Regions, Marine Biology, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Ecosystems, Birds, biology.animal, Sea ice, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Biology, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diatoms, geography, Terpenes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Pelagic zone, Euphausia crystallorophias, biology.organism_classification, Spheniscidae, Perciformes, Antarctic krill, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, Bioindicators, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Zoology, Biomarkers, Euphausiacea
Abstract

International audience; The structure, functioning and dynamics of polar marine ecosystems are strongly influenced by the extent of sea ice. Ice algae and pelagic phytoplankton represent the primary sources of nutrition for higher trophic-level organisms in seasonally ice-covered areas, but their relative contributions to polar marine consumers remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the potential of diatom-specific lipid markers and highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) for estimating the importance of these two carbon pools in an Antarctic pelagic ecosystem. Using GC-MS analysis, we studied HBI biomarkers in key marine species over three years in Ade ́lie Land, Antarctica: euphausiids (ice krill Euphausia crystallorophias and Antarctic krill E. superba), fish (bald notothens Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum) and seabirds (Ade ́lie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae, snow petrels Pagodroma nivea and cape petrels Daption capense). This study provides the first evidence of the incorporation of HBI lipids in Antarctic pelagic consumers. Specifically, a di- unsaturated HBI (diene) of sea ice origin was more abundant in ice-associated species than in pelagic species, whereas a tri- unsaturated HBI (triene) of phytoplanktonic origin was more abundant in pelagic species than in ice-associated species. Moreover, the relative abundances of diene and triene in seabird tissues and eggs were higher during a year of good sea ice conditions than in a year of poor ice conditions. In turn, the higher contribution of ice algal derived organic matter to the diet of seabirds was related to earlier breeding and higher breeding success. HBI biomarkers are a promising tool for estimating the contribution of organic matter derived from ice algae in pelagic consumers from Antarctica.

Published
2013

50. Benefits of Parasitism in Polluted Environments: A Review and Perspectives

Author

Aurelie Goutte and Noëlie Molbert

Subjects
contaminant, biotic interactions, antagonistic interaction, stress, bioaccumulation, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

The frequency and strength of biotic interactions are thought to be shaped by environmental conditions. In this study, we reviewed and discussed the potential effects of toxic chemicals in driving shifts along the parasite-mutualist continuum. Some parasites have the astonishing capacity to accumulate trace metals and organic pollutants from various taxa within freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. Recent studies have provided evidence of clear benefits for the host: when exposed to contaminants, infected organisms exhibited reduced contamination levels, less severe oxidative stress, and histological alterations, as well as higher body condition and survival rate compared with their uninfected conspecifics. Such effects might arise when the costs of parasitism are lower than their benefits in specific environmental conditions. Assessing the potential outcomes for parasites exploiting contaminated hosts is a crucial but neglected issue, since ecotoxicological effects on parasites may alter interspecific relationships. We identified possible avenues for future research using innovative tools and long-term experimental manipulations of both parasitism and pollution to better understand how toxic chemicals can modulate the strength and direction of host-parasite interactions.

Published
2022
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