Author: "Aurélie Chaalali" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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27 results on '"Aurélie Chaalali"'

1. Cumulative effects of marine renewable energy and climate change on ecosystem properties: Sensitivity of ecological network analysis

Author: Quentin Nogues, Aurore Raoux, Emma Araignous, Aurélie Chaalali, Tarek Hattab, Boris Leroy, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Valérie David, François Le Loc'h, Jean-Claude Dauvin, and Nathalie Niquil
Subjects: Cumulative impact, Linear inverse modeling, Marine renewable energies, Ecological network analysis, ENA food web, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: In an increasingly anthropogenic world, the scientific community and managers have to take interactions between the drivers of ecosystems into consideration. Tools like ecological network analysis (ENA) indices offer the opportunity to study those interactions at the ecosystem level. However, ENA indices have never been used to test the incidence of cumulative drivers. The present study uses models combining the effects of (i) the reef caused by the future offshore wind farm of Courseulles-sur-Mer and (ii) climate change on species distribution, to test the response of multiple ENA indices. ENA indices proved sensitive to this cumulative impact, displaying a wide variety of cumulative effects. They were also very powerful to characterize the role of the cumulative impact on ecosystem functioning. These results demonstrate the capacity of ENA indices to describe and understand cumulative effects at the ecosystem scale. Using a sensitivity analysis approach, this study shows that ENA indices could be viable tools for managers. To help them in their tasks, the next step could be to link ecosystem services to ENA indices for a more practical use.
Published: 2021
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2. Climatic facilitation of the colonization of an estuary by Acartia tonsa.

Author: Aurélie Chaalali, Grégory Beaugrand, Virginie Raybaud, Eric Goberville, Valérie David, Philippe Boët, and Benoit Sautour
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Global change has become a major driving force of both terrestrial and marine systems. Located at the interface between these two realms, estuarine ecosystems are probably the place where both direct and indirect effects of human activities conspire together to affect biodiversity from phytoplankton to top predators. Among European estuarine systems, the Gironde is the largest estuary of Western Europe and many studies have provided evidence that it has been affected by a variety of anthropogenic stressors such as thermal and chemical pollution, physical alterations and exploitation, especially for maritime traffic. In such a context, species introduction is also a current major issue with the establishment of strong competitive species that could lead to ecosystem reorganization with potential decrease or even disappearance of native species. In the Gironde estuary, this hypothesis was proposed for the invasive shrimp species Palaemon macrodactylus as a decrease in the native species abundance was observed at the same time. Although species introduction often takes place via ballast water, the influence of climate-driven changes on the establishment of new species remains a key issue. The calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa, observed in the Gironde estuary for the first time in 1983, have since colonized most part of the estuary, reaching a level of abundance comparable to the dominant native species Eurytemora affinis. In this study, using both the concept of the ecological niche sensu Hutchinson (fundamental and realized niches) and statistical models, we reveal that the dynamics of the colonization of A. tonsa was facilitated by environmental conditions that have become closer to its environmental optimum with respect to temperature and salinity.
Published: 2013
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3. Effets cumulés des énergies marines renouvelables et du changement climatique sur les propriétés des écosystèmes : Sensibilité de l'analyse des réseaux écologiques

Author: Nathalie Niquil, Quentin Nogues, Aurélie Chaalali, Aurore Raoux, Valérie David, François Le Loc'h, Boris Leroy, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, Tarek Hattab, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Emma Araignous, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France Energies Marines [Brest], MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, ENA food web, Ecological network analysis, General Decision Sciences, Climate change, Marine Renewable Energies, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Linear inverse modeling, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Sensitivity (control systems), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Ecological Network Analysis, Cumulative effects, 15. Life on land, Marine renewable energies, Renewable energy, Offshore wind power, Cumulative impact, 13. Climate action, Scale (social sciences), Environmental science, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, business
Abstract: (IF 6.26; Q1); International audience; In an increasingly anthropogenic world, the scientific community and managers have to take interactions between the drivers of ecosystems into consideration. Tools like ecological network analysis (ENA) indices offer the opportunity to study those interactions at the ecosystem level. However, ENA indices have never been used to test the incidence of cumulative drivers. The present study uses models combining the effects of (i) the reef caused by the future offshore wind farm of Courseulles-sur-Mer and (ii) climate change on species distribution, to test the response of multiple ENA indices. ENA indices proved sensitive to this cumulative impact, displaying a wide variety of cumulative effects. They were also very powerful to characterize the role of the cumulative impact on ecosystem functioning. These results demonstrate the capacity of ENA indices to describe and understand cumulative effects at the ecosystem scale. Using a sensitivity analysis approach, this study shows that ENA indices could be viable tools for managers. To help them in their tasks, the next step could be to link ecosystem services to ENA indices for a more practical use.
Published: 2021

4. Conclusion générale

Author: Sabine Schmidt, Jérôme Baron, Didier Felts, Emmanuel Garnier, Alain Dupuy, Bruno de Grissac, Aldo Sottolichio, Aurélie Chaalali, Alexandra Coynel, David Doxaran, Henri Etcheber, Vincent Hanquiez, Pierre Le Hir, Lauren Ross, and Isabel Jalon-Rojas
Published: 2020

5. Variabilité physique de l’estuaire, évolution géomorphologique et dynamique hydro-sédimentaire

Author: Jérôme Baron, Didier Felts, Emmanuel Garnier, Alain Dupuy, Bruno de Grissac, Sabine Schmidt, Aldo Sottolichio, Aurélie Chaalali, Alexandra Coynel, David Doxaran, Henri Etcheber, Vincent Hanquiez, Pierre Le Hir, Lauren Ross, and Isabel Jalon-Rojas
Published: 2020

6. Les inondations de l’estuaire : quelle situation après une histoire mouvementée ?

Author: Sabine Schmidt, Jérôme Baron, Didier Felts, Emmanuel Garnier, Alain Dupuy, Bruno de Grissac, Aldo Sottolichio, Aurélie Chaalali, Alexandra Coynel, David Doxaran, Henri Etcheber, Vincent Hanquiez, Pierre Le Hir, Lauren Ross, and Isabel Jalon-Rojas
Published: 2020

7. Introduction générale

Author: Guy Bachelet, Marie-Laure Acolas, Magalie Baudrimont, Hugues Blanchet, Françoise Daverat, Frédéric Garabetian, Pierre Labadie, Alexia Legeay, Michel Leconte, Mario Lepage, Jérémy Lobry, Régine Maury-Brachet, Antoine Nowaczyk, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Benoît Sautour, Hélène Budzinski, Aurélie Chaalali, Xavier Chevillot, Valérie David, Dominique Davoult, Yolanda del Amo, Aurélie Dessier, Marie-Hélène Devier, Eric Goberville, Benoît Gouillieux, Pierre-Yves Gourves, Philippe Jatteau, Mathilde Lauzent, Gabriel Munoz, Aimé Roger Nzigou, Stéphanie Pasquaud, Fabien Pierron, Julien Richirt, Eric Rochard, Nicolas Savoye, and Nathalie Tapie
Published: 2020

8. Estuaire et nappes profondes de Gironde

Author: Sabine Schmidt, Jérôme Baron, Didier Felts, Emmanuel Garnier, Alain Dupuy, Bruno de Grissac, Aldo Sottolichio, Aurélie Chaalali, Alexandra Coynel, David Doxaran, Henri Etcheber, Vincent Hanquiez, Pierre Le Hir, Lauren Ross, and Isabel Jalon-Rojas
Published: 2020

9. Les effets des pressions anthropiques sur la biodiversité

Author: Guy Bachelet, Marie-Laure Acolas, Magalie Baudrimont, Hugues Blanchet, Françoise Daverat, Frédéric Garabetian, Pierre Labadie, Alexia Legeay, Michel Leconte, Mario Lepage, Jérémy Lobry, Régine Maury-Brachet, Antoine Nowaczyk, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Benoît Sautour, Hélène Budzinski, Aurélie Chaalali, Xavier Chevillot, Valérie David, Dominique Davoult, Yolanda del Amo, Aurélie Dessier, Marie-Hélène Devier, Eric Goberville, Benoît Gouillieux, Pierre-Yves Gourves, Philippe Jatteau, Mathilde Lauzent, Gabriel Munoz, Aimé Roger Nzigou, Stéphanie Pasquaud, Fabien Pierron, Julien Richirt, Eric Rochard, Nicolas Savoye, and Nathalie Tapie
Published: 2020

10. Les évolutions récentes de la biodiversité

Author: Guy Bachelet, Marie-Laure Acolas, Magalie Baudrimont, Hugues Blanchet, Françoise Daverat, Frédéric Garabetian, Pierre Labadie, Alexia Legeay, Michel Leconte, Mario Lepage, Jérémy Lobry, Régine Maury-Brachet, Antoine Nowaczyk, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Benoît Sautour, Hélène Budzinski, Aurélie Chaalali, Xavier Chevillot, Valérie David, Dominique Davoult, Yolanda del Amo, Aurélie Dessier, Marie-Hélène Devier, Eric Goberville, Benoît Gouillieux, Pierre-Yves Gourves, Philippe Jatteau, Mathilde Lauzent, Gabriel Munoz, Aimé Roger Nzigou, Stéphanie Pasquaud, Fabien Pierron, Julien Richirt, Eric Rochard, Nicolas Savoye, and Nathalie Tapie
Published: 2020

11. Les compartiments biologiques et leurs interrelations

Author: Marie-Laure Acolas, Guy Bachelet, Magalie Baudrimont, Hugues Blanchet, Françoise Daverat, Frédéric Garabetian, Pierre Labadie, Alexia Legeay, Michel Leconte, Mario Lepage, Jérémy Lobry, Régine Maury-Brachet, Antoine Nowaczyk, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Benoît Sautour, Hélène Budzinski, Aurélie Chaalali, Xavier Chevillot, Valérie David, Dominique Davoult, Yolanda del Amo, Aurélie Dessier, Marie-Hélène Devier, Eric Goberville, Benoît Gouillieux, Pierre-Yves Gourves, Philippe Jatteau, Mathilde Lauzent, Gabriel Munoz, Aimé Roger Nzigou, Stéphanie Pasquaud, Fabien Pierron, Julien Richirt, Eric Rochard, Nicolas Savoye, and Nathalie Tapie
Published: 2020

12. Global Changes Jeopardize the Trophic Carrying Capacity and Functioning of Estuarine Ecosystems

Author: Valérie David, Benoît Sautour, Xavier Chevillot, Gérard Castelnaud, Jérémy Lobry, Guy Bachelet, Nathalie Niquil, Jonathan Selleslagh, Aurélie Chaalali, Samuele Tecchio, Géraldine Lassalle, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire d'Océanologie Biologique d'Arcachon (LOB ARCACHON), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et Modèles pour l'halieutique (EMH), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biome, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Ecosystem health, Ecology, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Food web, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; At the interface between terrestrial and marine biomes, estuaries display high ecological productivity and provide goods and services to humans. Associated with many ecological functions, they are nursery, refuge, and growing areas for many species fish. These ecological functions and services depend on both their ecological production and trophic carrying capacity and the durability of food web functioning. These transitional key habitats undergo both strong anthropogenic pressures and climatic influences that impact the structure and dynamics of estuarine biodiversity. In this context, we explore, here, three decades of the Gironde estuary ecosystem history to detect the food web's response to global changes-induced effect on biodiversity. At least two Ecological Abrupt Shifts associated with deep modifications in the biodiversity at most trophic levels have been documented for this particular ecosystem. Three food web models were thus calibrated, one for each of the three periods discriminated by the two shifts that occurred at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 2000s. Results highlighted that the ecotrophic efficiency estimate for subtidal macrofauna and shrimps reached the maximum possible values during the last period. This could mean that the Gironde estuary fully reached its trophic carrying capacity due to a food limitation especially for benthos demersal fish. We also observed a significant decrease in some food web indicators (such as Average Mutual Information, System Omnivory Index, and Average Path Length) usually associated with ecosystem stress, suggesting a significant impact of global change on the Gironde estuary ecosystem health and questioning the sustainability of the ecological functions associated with this ecosystem.
Published: 2019

13. A new type of plankton food web functioning in coastal waters revealed by coupling Monte Carlo Markov Chain Linear Inverse method and Ecological Network Analysis

Author: Asma Sakka Hlaili, Matilda Haraldsson, Kaouther Mejri, Aurélie Chaalali, Marouan Meddeb, Olivier Pringault, Nathalie Niquil, Boutheina Grami, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Université Tunis El Manar (UTM), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), IRD through the JEAI-ECOBIZ, LIM COSYS-Med, IRD fellowship (ARTS program), European Project: 308392,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2012-two-stage,DEVOTES(2012), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Food web modeling, General Decision Sciences, Seasonal variations, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Bacterial multivorous food web, Phytoplankton, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Ecology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Primary production, 15. Life on land, Plankton, Trophic structure, Food web, Ecological network, 13. Climate action, Coastal waters, Environmental science, Network analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Plankton food webs (PFW) typology is based on different categories of functioning, according to the dominant processes and the role played by heterotrophic bacteria, small vs large phytoplankton, and small vs large zooplankton. Investigating the structure and the function of planktonic foodn webs in two SW Mediterranean waters (inshore and marine sites) at four seasons, using inverse (LIM-MCMC) and ecological network (ENA) analyses, we identified a new type of food web, called the “bacterial multivorous food web”. This food web adds to the conventional trophic continuum as previously reported. The “bacterial multivorous food web” present in winter showed the lowest primary production among seasons, but highest bacterial production. Several food web ratios characterized this new typology e.g. picophytoplankton net primary production to total primary production varied from 0.20 to 0.28; bacterial to primary production ratio is higher than values reported in global scale (≅1); bacterial net production to the potential protozoan prey net production was high (> 0.2). In this special food web, carbon was mostly recycled, with a moderate fraction channeled to deep waters, which lead to a higher retention of carbon inside the ecosystem. This winter PFW also seemed to be the most organized, specialized, stable and mature, as related to common interpretations of ENA. The spring was characterized by herbivorous food web, with highest activity coinciding with low stability. Although less usual, the herbivorous pathway was also observed during summer, in inshore waters. The autumn food webs, which functioned as multivorous or microbial food webs, appeared to be stable and mature. Finally, our study demonstrates the usefulness of food web models derived ratios combined with ecological network analysis indices to conduct evaluation of the structure and functioning of ecosystems and potentially to support management decisions in marine environment.
Published: 2019

14. Plankton food-web functioning in anthropogenically impacted coastal waters (SW Mediterranean Sea): An ecological network analysis

Author: Boutheina Grami, Aurélie Chaalali, Matilda Haraldsson, Asma Sakka Hlaili, Olivier Pringault, Marouan Meddeb, Nathalie Niquil, a Laboratoire de phytoplanctonologie, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte [Université de Carthage], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecological network analysis, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Phytoplankton, Ascendency, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Mediterranean coastal waters, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, 15. Life on land, Plankton, Plankton ecology, Food web, Food-web modelling, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eutrophication, Bay
Abstract: This work was supported by IRD through the JEAI-ECOBIZ and the LIM COSYS-Med. MM was financed by an IRD fellowship (ARTS program). The work of Nathalie Niquil on ENA derived indicators for characterizing the stress in food webs is supported by DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing Good Environmental Status) funded by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme, 'The Ocean for Tomorrow' Theme (grant agreement no. 308392); International audience; The study is the first attempt to (i) model spring food webs in three SW Mediterranean ecosystems which are under different anthropogenic pressures and (ii) to project the consequence of this stress on their function. Linear inverse models were built using the Monte Carlo method coupled with Markov Chains to characterize the foodweb status of the Lagoon, the Channel (inshore waters under high eutrophication and chemical contamination) and the Bay of Bizerte (offshore waters under less anthropogenic pressure). Ecological network analysis was used for the description of structural and functional properties of each food web and for inter-ecosystem comparisons. Our results showed that more carbon was produced by phytoplankton in the inshore waters (966–1234 mg C m−2 d−1) compared to the Bay (727 mg C m−2 d−1). The total ecosystem carbon inputs into the three food webs was supported by high primary production, which was mainly due to > 10 µm algae. However, the three carbon pathways were characterized by low detritivory and a high herbivory which was mainly assigned to protozooplankton. This latter was efficient in channelling biogenic carbon. In the Lagoon and the Channel, foods webs acted almost as a multivorous structure with a tendency towards herbivorous one, whereas in the Bay the herbivorous pathway was more dominant. Ecological indices revealed that the Lagoon and the Channel food webs/systems had high total system throughput and thus were more active than the Bay. The Bay food web, which had a high relative ascendency value, was more organized and specialized. This inter–ecosystem difference could be due to the varying levels of anthropogenic impact among sites. Indeed, the low value of Finn’s cycling index indicated that the three systems are disturbed, but the Lagoon and the Channel, with low average path lengths, appeared to be more stressed, as both sites have undergone higher chemical pollution and nutrient loading. This study shows that ecosystem models combined with ecological indices provide a powerful approach to detect change in environmental status and anthropogenic impacts.
Published: 2018

15. Reaction of an estuarine food web to disturbance: Lindeman’s perspective

Author: Joana Patrício, João Carlos Marques, Nathalie Niquil, Alexandra Baeta, Jérémy Lobry, Aurélie Chaalali, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU), IMAR, Institute of Marine Research, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA IMAR COIMBRA PRT, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY ISPRA ITA, and Irstea Publications, Migration
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Ecological pyramid, Ecological network analysis, Aquatic Science, Ecological indicator, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, nutrient enrichment, Food chain, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ecosystem function, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Zostera, Coimbra [Portugal], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, disturbance, Ecosystem health, Food web models, Portugal, food web, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Trophic efficiency, Mondego estuary, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Food web, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, numerical model, estuarine environment
Abstract: Currently, a central demand of coastal and marine food web researchers is the search for holistic and functional ecosystem health indicators. Based on concepts directly derived from R. L. Lindeman’s work (Lindeman 1942; Ecology 23:399–418), 6 estuarine food web models were analysed to assess the potential impact of multiple disturbances on the trophic state of food webs. The models described a Zostera noltii meadow and a bare sediment site in the Mondego estuary, Portugal, during 3 distinct time periods corresponding to (1) nutrient enrichment, (2) the implementation of mitigation measures, and (3) after a centenary flood. We tested 4 candidate metrics, directly derived from the trophic-dynamic concepts proposed by Lindeman (1942): food chain length, the detritivory/herbivory ratio, trophic efficiency per trophic level and mean trophic efficiency. Based on this case study, none of the metrics are yet ready to be used per se as operational metrics to quantify and interpret the impact of disturbances on the ecosystem’s trophic state. Trophic efficiency appeared to be sensitive to external pressures. However, the mean trophic efficiency of the system might not be sufficient to draw conclusions about the trophic efficiency of the ecosystem: trophic efficiency should be observed at the trophic level in order to better understand cascading effects within food webs., JRC.H.1-Water Resources
Published: 2014

16. Abrupt shifts in the Gironde fish community: an indicator of ecological changes in an estuarine ecosystem

Author: Jérémy Lobry, Arthur Rigaud, Maud Pierre, Aurélie Chaalali, Hilaire Drouineau, Benoît Sautour, Xavier Chevillot, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE GLOBAL, Time series, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Generalised linear mixed models, ECOSYSTEME, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Climate change, Context (language use), Shift, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, ecological indicators, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Regime shift, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Inter-shift periods, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Fish diversity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biodiversity, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, BIODIVERSITE, Global warming, Estuary, Community structure, global climate change, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, estuaries, Geography, 13. Climate action, ESTUAIRE, Ecosystem state, INDICATEUR ECOLOGIQUE, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystems, GLMM
Abstract: International audience; For decades, global climate change has directly and indirectly affected the structure and function of ecosystems. Abrupt changes in biodiversity have been observed in response to linear or sudden modifications to the environment. These abrupt shifts can cause long-term reorganizations within ecosystems, with communities exhibiting new functional responses to environmental factors. Over the last 3 decades, the Gironde estuary in southwest France has experienced 2 abrupt shifts in both the physical and chemical environments and the pelagic community. Rather than describing these shifts and their origins, we focused on the 3 inter-shift periods, describing the structure of the fish community and its relationship with the environment during these periods. We described fish biodiversity using a limited set of descriptors, taking into account both species composition and relative species abundances. Inter-shift ecosystem states were defined based on the relationship between this description and the hydro-physico-chemical variables and climatic indices defining the main features of the environment. This relationship was described using generalized linear mixed models on the entire time series and for each inter-shift period. Our results indicate that (1) the fish community structure has been significantly modified, (2) environmental drivers influencing fish diversity have changed during these 3 periods, and (3) the fish-environment relationships have been modified over time. From this, we conclude a regime shift has occurred in the Gironde estuary. We also highlight that anthropogenic influences have increased, which re-emphasizes the importance of local management in maintaining fish diversity and associated goods and services within the context of climate change.
Published: 2016

17. From species distributions to ecosystem structure and function: A methodological perspective

Author: Jérémy Lobry, Géraldine Lassalle, Aurélie Chaalali, Marina Chifflet, Blanche Saint-Béat, Laurent Bopp, Georges Safi, Samuele Tecchio, Virginie Raybaud, François Le Loc'h, Grégory Beaugrand, Nathalie Niquil, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Musee oceanographique de Monaco, Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AZTI - Tecnalia, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 308392,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2012-two-stage,DEVOTES(2012), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ecological niche, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Effects of global warming, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Small pelagics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, ACL, Environmental resource management, Ecological Network Analysis, Cumulative effects, Pelagic zone, Food web, 15. Life on land, Linear Inverse Model, Ecological network, Ecological Modelling, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Climate-induced changes
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE; International audience; As species biology and ecology is profoundly influenced by climate, any climatic alteration may have severe consequences on marine pelagic ecosystems and their food webs. It remains challenging to estimate the influence of climate on both structural and functional properties of food webs. In this study, we proposed an innovative approach to assess the propagating effects of climate change on ecosystem food web. The approach is based on a sensitivity analysis of a food-web model, a linear inverse model using a Monte Carlo method coupled with a Markov Chain, in which changes in the values of parameters are driven by external Ecological Niche Model outputs. Our sensitivity analysis was restricted to parameters regarding a keystone functional group in marine ecosystems, i.e. small pelagic fish. At the ecosystem level, the consequences were evaluated using both structural and functional ecological network indices. The approach is innovative as it is the first time that these three methods were combined to assess ecological network indices sensitivity to future climatic pressure. This coupling method was applied on the French continental shelf of the Bay of Biscay for which a food-web model already exists and where future changes in the distribution of small pelagic fish have already been examined through model building and projections. In response to the sensitivity analysis corresponding to an increase in small pelagics production only, our results suggested a more active system with an intense plankton-small pelagics-seabirds chain and an efficient recycling to maximize detritus use in the system in relation with detritus export. All results combined together seemed to be in favor of a system adapting to sustain the tested increase in production of small pelagic planktivores. Finally, regarding the innovative combination of numerical tools presented, even if further investigations are still necessary to get a more realistic view of cumulative effects resulting from one given pressure (or more) on a food web (e.g. altering different biological compartments at the same time), the Ecological Network Analysis indices values showed a higher variability under the scenarios of change. Our study thus pointed out a promising methodology to assess propagating changes in structural and functional ecosystem properties.
Published: 2016

18. Evaluating ecosystem-level anthropogenic impacts in a stressed transitional environment: The case of the Seine estuary

Author: Marie Cachera, Nathalie Niquil, Justine Lequesne, Valérie Girardin, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Armonie Tous Rius, Aurore Raoux, Géraldine Lassalle, Samuele Tecchio, Philippe Riou, Jérémy Lobry, Aurélie Chaalali, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Nicolas Oresme (LMNO), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources de Normandie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Nicolas Oresme ( LMNO ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seine estuary, General Decision Sciences, Estuarine ecosystem, Ecological succession, Linear inverse model, 01 natural sciences, E3, media_common.cataloged_instance, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, European union, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Trophic level, geography, Biomass (ecology), Ecosystem health, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, English Channel, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Estuary, 15. Life on land, Food web, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: 00000; International audience; During 2002–2005, a new container terminal in the commercial harbour of Le Havre, named “Port2000”, was built on the northern flank of the Seine estuary, northern France. This extension is already known to have modified the estuary current and sediment dynamics, as well as reducing biomass of the suprabenthos assemblage, for the whole downstream part of the system. However, studies on other biotic communities were largely inconclusive, and an ecosystem-wide analysis was still lacking. Here, we performed a before/after study of ecosystem dynamics of the different habitats of the Seine estuary, using a Linear Inverse Modelling technique (LIM-MCMC) to estimate all flows occurring in the food web. Ecological Network Analysis indices were calculated, summarising ecosystem functioning traits and giving indications about the habitat health status. Results showed that the southern flank (FS, Fosse Sud) exhibits all characteristics to be considered as the least stressed habitat of the estuary: system activity and functional specialisation of flows were stable between periods, ecosystem recycling processes and detrital dynamics were also stable; an increase in trophic specialisation (decrease in system omnivory) was the only change confirming a general ecological succession. The northern flank (FN, Fosse Nord), where the actual terminal was built, showed a food web with increased importance of lower trophic levels (increased detritivory and carbon recycling), increased stability and flow efficiency, but possibly regressed to a previous step in ecological succession. In the central navigation channel (CH), patterns of network indices were overall inconclusive and the general image is one of a constantly shifting food web, a condition possibly caused by the year-round dredging activities. The functioning of the Seine estuary – especially of FN and FS – seems to have been modified by the combination of harbour construction and the related mitigation measures. Network indices partially captured this combination of changes and, although not fully operational yet, they are promising tools to comply with the European Union mandate of defining ecosystem health status.
Published: 2016

19. Increase of marine juvenile fish abundances in the middle Gironde estuary related to warmer and more saline waters, due to global changes

Author: Maja Hjort Larsen, Stéphanie Pasquaud, Henrique N. Cabral, Aurélie Chaalali, Jérémy Lobry, Mélanie Béguer, Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA PRT, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sprattus sprattus, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, FRANCE, Estuary, Juvenile fish, GIRONDE ESTUAIRE, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Salinity, Fishery, Merlangius merlangus, Engraulis, Abundance (ecology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater
Abstract: International audience; Estuaries have an essential ecological function for several marine fish species, that use these systems as nurseries. Previous studies in the Gironde estuary have reported an increase in water temperature and an extended seawater intrusion associated to global changes. In this study, we evaluated whether these changes impact the nursery function in the middle part of the system, based on the analyses of long-term data series (1991e2009) collected in that area. Trend analysis, correlations and generalized additive models (GAM) were computed in order to study the influence of water temperature and salinity changes on marine juveniles occurrence/densities. Results showed that densities of all the studied species (i.e. Engraulis encrasicolus, Sprattus sprattus, Dicentrarchus labrax, Solea solea, Argyrosomus regius, Merlangius merlangus) significantly increased over the period considered. Changes in water temperature and seawater intrusion contributed to explain the variability in presence/absence and in densities of the majority of these species. However, the deviance explained by GAM and the relevance of these two explanatory variables differed considerably according to species. For most species, it was suggested that the interaction of these two factors, and their effects on other variables, may explain the increase in abundance in the middle part of the Gironde. The effects of global changes in this estuarine system may favour its nursery function for marine juveniles, but some evidence of effects at a wider scale (community and ecosystem levels) may alter the structure and functioning of this system.
Published: 2012

20. Incorporating food-web parameter uncertainty into Ecopath-derived ecological network indicators

Author: Vanessa Guesnet, Kelly A. Kearney, Géraldine Lassalle, Aurélie Chaalali, Nathalie Niquil, Samuele Tecchio, Boutheina Grami, Battle Karimi, Jérémy Lobry, Blanche Saint-Béat, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), University of Miami [Coral Gables], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux ( UR EABX ), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Parameter uncertainty, Ecosystem models, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Set (abstract data type), Robustness (computer science), Statistics, Range (statistics), EcoSim, Sensitivity (control systems), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Interpretability, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Ecological network, Comparative studies, Ecopath with Ecosim, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Network analysis, Data mining, computer
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE; International audience; Ecological network analysis (ENA) provides numerous ecosystem level indices offering a valuable approach to compare and categorize the ecological structure and function of ecosystems. The inclusion of ENA methods in Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) has insured their continued contribution to ecosystem-based management. In EwE, ENA-derived ecological conclusions are currently based on single values of ENA indices calculated from a unique input flow matrix. Here, we document an easy-to-use routine that allows EwE users to incorporate uncertainty in EwE input data into the calculation of ENA indices. This routine, named ENAtool, is a suite of Matlab functions that performs three main steps: (1) import of an existing Ecopath model and its associated parameter uncertainty values in the form of uncertainty intervals into Matlab; (2) generation of an ensemble of Ecopath models with the same structure as the original, and with parameter values varying based on the prescribed uncertainty limits; and (3) calculation of a set of 13 ENA indices for each ensemble member (one set of flow values) and of summary statistics across the whole ensemble. This novel routine offers the opportunity to calculate ENA indices ranges and confidence intervals, and thus to perform quantitative data analyses. An application of ENAtool on a pre-existing Ecopath model of the Bay of Biscay continental shelf is presented, with a focus on the robustness of previously published ENA-based ecological traits of this ecosystem when the newly introduced uncertainty values are added. We also describe the sensitivity of the ENAtool results to both the number of ensemble members used and to the uncertainty interval set around each input parameter. Ecological conclusions derived from EwE, particularly those regarding the comparison of structural and functional elements for a range of ecosystem types or the assessment of ecosystem properties along gradients of environmental conditions or anthropogenic disturbances, will gain in statistical interpretability.
Published: 2015

21. The mosaic of habitats of the Seine estuary: Insights from food-web modelling and network analysis

Author: Samuele Tecchio, Aurélie Chaalali, Jérémy Lobry, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Nathalie Niquil, Marie Cachera, Géraldine Lassalle, Nicolas Bacq, Armonie Tous Rius, Jocelyne Morin, Maria Ching Villanueva, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie et Modèles pour l'Halieutique (IFREMER EMH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Groupement d’Intérêt Public Seine-Aval (GIP-Seine-Aval), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ecological network analysis, Trophic network, 01 natural sciences, EcoSim, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Primary producers, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Estuary, Marine habitats, Food web, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 13. Climate action, Ecopath with Ecosim, Ecosystem health indicators, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Ecological network analysis was applied in the Seine estuary ecosystem, northern France, integrating ecological data from the years 1996 to 2002. The Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) approach was used to model the trophic flows in 6 spatial compartments leading to 6 distinct EwE models: the navigation channel and the two channel flanks in the estuary proper, and 3 marine habitats in the eastern Seine Bay. Each model included 12 consumer groups, 2 primary producers, and one detritus group. Ecological network analysis was performed, including a set of indices, keystoneness, and trophic spectrum analysis to describe the contribution of the 6 habitats to the Seine estuary ecosystem functioning. Results showed that the two habitats with a functioning most related to a stressed state were the northern and central navigation channels, where building works and constant maritime traffic are considered major anthropogenic stressors. The strong top-down control highlighted in the other 4 habitats was not present in the central channel, showing instead (i) a change in keystone roles in the ecosystem towards sediment-based, lower trophic levels, and (ii) a higher system omnivory. The southern channel evidenced the highest system activity (total system throughput), the higher trophic specialisation (low system omnivory), and the lowest indication of stress (low cycling and relative redundancy). Marine habitats showed higher fish biomass proportions and higher transfer efficiencies per trophic levels than the estuarine habitats, with a transition area between the two that presented intermediate ecosystem structure. The modelling of separate habitats permitted disclosing each one's response to the different pressures, based on their a priori knowledge. Network indices, although non-monotonously, responded to these differences and seem a promising operational tool to define the ecological status of transitional water ecosystems.
Published: 2015

22. A new modeling approach to define marine ecosystems food-web status with uncertainty assessment

Author: Samuele Tecchio, Géraldine Lassalle, Claude Savenkoff, François Le Loc'h, Jérémy Lobry, Blanche Saint-Béat, Georges Safi, Nathalie Niquil, Aurélie Chaalali, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Pêches et Oceans Canada, European Project: 308392,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2012-two-stage,DEVOTES(2012), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pêches et Océans Canada, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: linear inverse model, ecosystem, Detritus, Markov chain, Primary producers, food web, Ecological Network Analysis indices, ACL, Geology, Aquatic Science, Bay of Biscay, Food web, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem model, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trophic level
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE; International audience; Ecosystem models are currently one of the most powerful approaches used to predict and analyse the consequences of anthropogenic and climate-driven changes in food web structure and function. The modeling community is however still lacking techniques for taking microbial processes properly into account and assessing flow uncertainty explicitly. A linear inverse model of the Bay of Biscay continental shelf was built using a Monte Carlo method coupled with a Markov Chain (LIMMCMC) to characterize the system's trophic food-web status and its associated structural and functional properties. By taking into account the natural variability of ecosystems (and their associated flows) and the lack of data on these environments, this innovative approach enabled the quantification of uncertainties for both estimated flows and derived food-web indices. This uncertainty assessment constituted a real improvement on the existing Ecopath model for the same area and both models results were compared. Our results suggested a food web characterized by main flows at the basis of the food web and a high contribution of primary producers and detritus to the entire system input flows. The developmental stage of the ecosystem was characterized using estimated Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) indices; the LIM-MCMC produced a higher estimate of flow specialization (than the estimate from Ecopath) owing to better consideration of bacterial processes. The results also pointed to a detritus-based food-web with a web-like structure and an intermediate level of internal flow complexity, confirming the results of previous studies. Other current research on ecosystem model comparability is also presented.
Published: 2015

23. Climate-Caused Abrupt Shifts in a European Macrotidal Estuary

Author: Benoît Sautour, Grégory Beaugrand, Philippe Boët, Aurélie Chaalali, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climate change, Estuary, Pelagic zone, Aquatic Science, Plankton, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Period (geology), Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE; International audience; Although many consequences of climate change on marine and terrestrial ecosystems are well documented, the characterisation of estuarine ecosystems specific responses and the drivers of the changes are less understood. In this study, we considered the biggest Southwestern European estuary, the Gironde, as a model of a macrotidal estuary to assess the effects of both large- (i.e., North Atlantic basin-scale) and regional-scale climate changes. Using a unique set of data on climatic, physical, chemical and biological parameters for the period 1978–2009, we examined relations between changes in both the physical and chemical environments and pelagic communities (plankton and fish) via an end-to-end approach. Our results show that the estuary experienced two abrupt shifts (!1987 and !2000) over the last three decades, which altered the whole system. The timing of these abrupt shifts are in accordance with abrupt shifts reported in both marine (e.g., in the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and along the Atlantic) and terrestrial (e.g., in European lakes) realms. Although this work does not allow a full understanding of the dynamical processes through which climate effects propagate along the different compartments of the ecosystem, it provides evidence that the dynamics of the largest estuary of Southwest Europe is strongly modulated by climate change at both regional and global scales.
Published: 2013

24. Changes in the distribution of copepods in the Gironde estuary: A warming and marinisation consequence?

Author: Xavier Chevillot, Benoît Sautour, Valérie David, Aldo Sottolichio, Philippe Boët, Aurélie Chaalali, Grégory Beaugrand, Christophe Luczak, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Temperature salinity diagrams, Biodiversity, Climate change, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Abundance (ecology), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, ACARTIA TONSA, 15. Life on land, GIRONDE ESTUAIRE, Salinity, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE; International audience; Global change has become a major driving force of both terrestrial and marine systems. Located at the interface between these two realms, estuarine ecosystems are probably the place where both direct and indirect effects of human activities conspire together to affect biodiversity from phytoplankton to top predators. Among European estuarine systems, the Gironde is the largest estuary of Western Europe and many studies have provided evidence that it has been affected by a variety of anthropogenic stressors such as thermal and chemical pollution, physical alterations and exploitation, especially for maritime traffic. In such a context, species introduction is also a current major issue with the establishment of strong competitive species that could lead to ecosystem reorganization with potential decrease or even disappearance of native species. In the Gironde estuary, this hypothesis was proposed for the invasive shrimp species Palaemon macrodactylus as a decrease in the native species abundance was observed at the same time. Although species introduction often takes place via ballast water, the influence of climate-driven changes on the establishment of new species remains a key issue. The calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa, observed in the Gironde estuary for the first time in 1983, have since colonized most part of the estuary, reaching a level of abundance comparable to the dominant native species Eurytemora affinis. In this study, using both the concept of the ecological niche sensu Hutchinson (fundamental and realized niches) and statistical models, we reveal that the dynamics of the colonization of A. tonsa was facilitated by environmental conditions that have become closer to its environmental optimum with respect to temperature and salinity.
Published: 2013

25. Climatic facilitation of the colonization of an estuary by Acartia tonsa

Author: Benoît Sautour, Philippe Boët, Aurélie Chaalali, Grégory Beaugrand, Valérie David, Virginie Raybaud, Eric Goberville, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Salinity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Science, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Biodiversity, Introduced species, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Copepoda, Abundance (ecology), Animals, Ecosystem, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Acartia tonsa, Ecological niche, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], ved/biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Temperature, Estuary, ACARTIA TONSA, 15. Life on land, GIRONDE ESTUAIRE, 13. Climate action, Medicine, France, Estuaries, Animal Distribution, Research Article
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE; International audience; Global change has become a major driving force of both terrestrial and marine systems. Located at the interface between these two realms, estuarine ecosystems are probably the place where both direct and indirect effects of human activities conspire together to affect biodiversity from phytoplankton to top predators. Among European estuarine systems, the Gironde is the largest estuary of Western Europe and many studies have provided evidence that it has been affected by a variety of anthropogenic stressors such as thermal and chemical pollution, physical alterations and exploitation, especially for maritime traffic. In such a context, species introduction is also a current major issue with the establishment of strong competitive species that could lead to ecosystem reorganization with potential decrease or even disappearance of native species. In the Gironde estuary, this hypothesis was proposed for the invasive shrimp species Palaemon macrodactylus as a decrease in the native species abundance was observed at the same time. Although species introduction often takes place via ballast water, the influence of climate-driven changes on the establishment of new species remains a key issue. The calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa, observed in the Gironde estuary for the first time in 1983, have since colonized most part of the estuary, reaching a level of abundance comparable to the dominant native species Eurytemora affinis. In this study, using both the concept of the ecological niche sensu Hutchinson (fundamental and realized niches) and statistical models, we reveal that the dynamics of the colonization of A. tonsa was facilitated by environmental conditions that have become closer to its environmental optimum with respect to temperature and salinity.
Published: 2013

26. Seasonal succession of estuarine fish, shrimps, macrozoobenthos and plankton: physico-chemical and trophic influence. The ironde estuary as a case study

Author: Philippe Boët, Hugues Blanchet, Guy Bachelet, Aurélie Chaalali, Jérémy Lobry, Benoît Sautour, Aimé Roger N'Zigou, Jonathan Selleslagh, Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological succession, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, Biology, Plankton, GIRONDE ESTUAIRE, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Abundance (ecology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Relative species abundance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level
Abstract: International audience; Characterization of the structure and seasonal variability of biotic communities is essential for a better understanding of estuarine ecosystem functioning and in order to manage these highly fluctuant and naturally stressed systems. Numerous studies have investigated the role of environmental factors in controlling temporal variations in biotic communities. However, most have concluded that the explanatory power of physico-chemical variables was significant but not sufficient to explain ecological dynamics. The aim of the present study was to put forward the importance of trophic interactions as an additional structuring factor of species seasonal variability by examining simultaneous dynamics of all estuarine biotic communities, with the example of the oligo-mesohaline area of the Gironde estuary (SW France) as a case study. Data on the main biological groups (fish, shrimps, macrozoobenthos and plankton) sampled during a five-year period (2004-2008) at monthly intervals using a well standardized protocol, as well as data on environmental variables, were compiled here for the first time. According to species composition, results indicated that the Gironde estuary is used as a nursery, feeding, resident and migratory habitat. Results showed that, for almost all species, strong seasonal fluctuations occurred with a succession of species, indicating an optimization of the use of the available resources over a typical year by estuarine biological communities. Multivariate analyses discriminated four seasonal groups of species with two distinctive ecological seasons. A clear shift in July indicated a biomass transfer from a “planktonic phase” to a “bentho-demersal phase”, corresponding to spring and summer-autumn periods, respectively. In regard to the temporal fluctuations of dominant species of all biological groups, this study highlighted the possible influence of trophic relationships, predation in particular, on seasonal variations in species abundance, in addition to the physico-chemical influence. This study enabled us to synthesize crucial seasonal data and to discuss their integration into seasonal models of estuarine functioning and/or specific prey-predator models. In a global change context, prey abundance variations could generate changes in the temporal dynamics of their predators (and conversely), and potentially in the functioning of the whole estuarine system.
Published: 2012

27. Impact of global warming on European tidal estuaries: some evidence of northward migration of estuarine fish species

Author: Jérémy Lobry, D. Nicolas, Hilaire Drouineau, Aurélie Chaalali, Ángel Borja, Ainhize Uriarte, Philippe Boët, Ecosystèmes estuariens et poissons migrateurs amphihalins (UR EPBX), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), AZTI TECNALIA PASAIA ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Fish migration, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, Climate change, Estuary, Subtropics, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Oceanography, Common species, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study was to determine whether the latitudinal distribution of fish species that use estuaries to complete their entire life cycle has shifted northward as an expected consequence of global warming. The mean latitude of past fish species distributions found in 1970s' literature was compared with the mean latitude of distributions today based on fish density indices collected in 55 tidal estuaries along the Atlantic European seaboard, from Portugal to Scotland. Among the 15 most common species, 11 displayed a positive difference between current and past mean latitudes suggesting a northward shift of the populations. Using the occurrence of subtropical species in temperate areas as an indicator of water warming, the northernmost range limit of 10 subtropical species was subsequently focused on. Six of them were recorded up to their past northern latitudinal limit. These results reinforced the idea that a number of fish species associated to estuaries have migrated northwards over the last 30 years, possibly due to water warming. These ecological changes can get important managerial implications, i.e. in the assessment of the ecological status in European directives.
Published: 2011

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27 results on '"Aurélie Chaalali"'

1. Cumulative effects of marine renewable energy and climate change on ecosystem properties: Sensitivity of ecological network analysis

2. Climatic facilitation of the colonization of an estuary by Acartia tonsa.

3. Effets cumulés des énergies marines renouvelables et du changement climatique sur les propriétés des écosystèmes : Sensibilité de l'analyse des réseaux écologiques

4. Conclusion générale

5. Variabilité physique de l’estuaire, évolution géomorphologique et dynamique hydro-sédimentaire

6. Les inondations de l’estuaire : quelle situation après une histoire mouvementée ?

7. Introduction générale

8. Estuaire et nappes profondes de Gironde

9. Les effets des pressions anthropiques sur la biodiversité

10. Les évolutions récentes de la biodiversité

11. Les compartiments biologiques et leurs interrelations

12. Global Changes Jeopardize the Trophic Carrying Capacity and Functioning of Estuarine Ecosystems

13. A new type of plankton food web functioning in coastal waters revealed by coupling Monte Carlo Markov Chain Linear Inverse method and Ecological Network Analysis

14. Plankton food-web functioning in anthropogenically impacted coastal waters (SW Mediterranean Sea): An ecological network analysis

15. Reaction of an estuarine food web to disturbance: Lindeman’s perspective

16. Abrupt shifts in the Gironde fish community: an indicator of ecological changes in an estuarine ecosystem

17. From species distributions to ecosystem structure and function: A methodological perspective

18. Evaluating ecosystem-level anthropogenic impacts in a stressed transitional environment: The case of the Seine estuary

19. Increase of marine juvenile fish abundances in the middle Gironde estuary related to warmer and more saline waters, due to global changes

20. Incorporating food-web parameter uncertainty into Ecopath-derived ecological network indicators

21. The mosaic of habitats of the Seine estuary: Insights from food-web modelling and network analysis

22. A new modeling approach to define marine ecosystems food-web status with uncertainty assessment

23. Climate-Caused Abrupt Shifts in a European Macrotidal Estuary

24. Changes in the distribution of copepods in the Gironde estuary: A warming and marinisation consequence?

25. Climatic facilitation of the colonization of an estuary by Acartia tonsa

26. Seasonal succession of estuarine fish, shrimps, macrozoobenthos and plankton: physico-chemical and trophic influence. The ironde estuary as a case study

27. Impact of global warming on European tidal estuaries: some evidence of northward migration of estuarine fish species

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27 results on '"Aurélie Chaalali"'

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