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Objectives: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is highly associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is rapidly increasing in young adults. However, accessible VAT measurement methods are limited, restricting the use of VAT in early detection. This cross‐sectional study sought to determine if near‐infrared reactance spectroscopy (NIRS)‐derived VAT (VATNIRS) was associated with MetS in a multi‐ethnic sample of young adults. Methods: A total of 107 male and female (F:62, M:45) participants (age: 23.0 ± 4.3y; BMI: 27.1 ± 6.6 kg/m2) completed measurements of fasting blood pressure, blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, and anthropometric assessments including waist circumference and VATNIRS. MetS severity (MetSindex) was calculated from the aforementioned risk factors using sex and race‐specific equations. Results: VATNIRS was higher in participants with, and at risk for, MetS compared to those with lower risks (all p <.001). VATNIRS was positively associated with MetSindex for all groups (all p <.001). VATNIRS showed positive associations with systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), LDL‐C and LDL‐C‐related biomarkers, and FBG; and negative associations with HDL‐C and HDL‐C‐to‐total cholesterol ratio (all p <.050). Associations between VATNIRS and blood pressure for females, and LDL‐C and LDL‐C‐related biomarkers for males, were nonsignificant (all p >.050). VATNIRS was positively associated with DBP in African–American participants, and SBP in White participants, resulting in positive associations with MAP for both groups (all p <.050). Conclusions: VATNIRS is associated with MetS and individual MetS risks factors in a multi‐ethnic sample of young adults; providing a noninvasive, cost‐effective, portable, and accessible method that may assist in the early detection of MetS and other cardiometabolic abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims: Given the technological advances in 3D smartphone (SP) anthropometry, this technique presents a unique opportunity to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) screening through optimal waist circumference (WC) landmarking procedures. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between individual MetS risk factors and nine independent WC sites collected using tape measurement or SP anthropometrics and to determine the differences in MetS severity and prevalence when using these different WC measurement locations., Methods: A total of 130 participants (F:74, M:56; age: 27.8±11.1) completed this cross-sectional evaluation. Using traditional tape measurement, WC was measured at the lowest rib (WC Rib ), iliac crest (WC Iliac ), and between the WC Rib and WC Iliac (WC Mid ). Additionally, WC measurements were automated using a SP application at six sites along the torso. MetS risk factors were used to calculate MetS severity (MetS index ) and prevalence. Associations were evaluated using multiple linear regression, the effect of each WC site on MetS index was analyzed using mixed-models ANCOVA, and differences in MetS prevalence using WC Iliac as the current standard were determined using sensitivity, specificity, and Chi-squared and odds ratios., Results: The reference SP-WC (SP Ref ) and WC Rib demonstrated the largest associations (all p < 0.001) with HDL cholesterol (SP Ref : -0.48; WC Rib : -0.49), systolic (SP Ref : 0.32; WC Rib : 0.30) and diastolic blood pressure (SP Ref : 0.34; WC Rib : 0.32), and fasting blood glucose (SP Ref : 0.38; WC Rib : 0.37). SP Ref and WC Rib were the only WC without significantly different MetS index ; yet demonstrated lower MetS index and sensitivity (SP Ref : 77.8%; WC Rib : 74.1%) relative to WC Iliac , the conventional (or standard) WC measure., Conclusions: Compared to the current standard, SP Ref and WC Rib protocols are more highly associated with individual MetS risk factors and produce different MetS index and diagnoses; highlighting the need for new MetS WC protocols. Given the surge in remote/mobile healthcare, SP Ref may be an alternative to traditional methods in this context but requires further investigation before implementation., (Copyright © 2024 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)