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Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) cases are often diagnosed in advanced stages. The complexity of clinical management for advanced-stage NPC requires thorough communication and shared decisions between medical professionals and allied teams. Incorporating a multidisciplinary team meeting (MDTM) for newly diagnosed NPC patients was chosen to facilitate collaboration and communication between physicians. This retrospective study aimed to compare the quality of care, clinical responses and survival between NPC patients treated with and without MDTM. Data on clinical responses, assessment visits, date of progression and death with progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and hazard ratio (HR) were collected and analyzed with 95% confidence interval (CI) and significance set as P

Ionic liquid cations (ILCs) have been utilized in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) to enhance their photoluminescence performance. However, the high number of possible cations and anions needed to form ILCs makes the experimental measurement time and cost consuming. Computational methods that could assist the selection of ILCs for this task-specific application are highly desirable. Therefore, in this work, the photophysical properties of various ILCs, including linear aliphatic, five-membered, and six-membered cyclic aliphatic, and aromatic ILCs, were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Fluorescence and phosphorescence were analyzed using excited state dynamics (ESD) modules on ORCA at the B3LYP/def2TZVP level theory. All the investigated cations show fluorescence spectra either the UV or visible range. The cations with long-chain branches show fluorescence spectra in the visible range. Five membered rings show the phosphorescence spectra in the visible range, while the six-membered rings show the phosphorescence spectra in the near-infrared range.

While the development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been ongoing for more than 30 years, the currently obtained efficiency is unsatisfactory. However, the study of DSSC development has produced a fundamental understanding of cell performance and inspired other devices, such as perovskite cell solar cells. DSSCs consist of a dye-sensitized photoanode, a counter electrode, and a redox couple in the electrolyte system. Each of the components has an important role and cofunctions with each other to obtain a high power conversion efficiency. Various modifications to each DSSC component have been applied to improve their performance. Additionally, to generate improvements, the effort to reduce production costs has been crucial. The utilization of natural sources for DSSC components is a possible solution to this issue. The utilization of natural resources also aims to increase the value of the natural resource itself. In this review, the applications of various natural sources for DSSC components are described, as well as the modification efforts that have been made to enhance their performance. The discussion covers the utilization of natural dye for sensitizer dyes in liquid DSSC applications: (1) utilization of biopolymers for quasi-solid DSSC electrolytes, (2) green synthesis methods for photoanode semiconductors, and (3) development of natural carbon counter electrodes. The detailed factors that influence improvements in cell performance are also addressed.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are illnesses that spread from person to person through sexual activity. In Indonesia, STI cases increased between 2016 and 2017. One of the high cases reported in North Sumatra with 1,183 STIs cases which ranked seventh in Indonesia and second on Sumatera Island. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the risk factors related to women with STIs symptoms in North Sumatra. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2017 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey data which included a total sample of 2,440 women aged 15-49 years domicile in North Sumatera. Then, using IBM SPSS 25 to perform a multivariate analysis utilizing logistic regression. Results: This study showed that women with a genital ulcer were associated with living in rural areas (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.67-4.31), poor economic status (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.94-2.29), and the spouse having other sex partners (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31-0.94). Moreover, women who lived in rural areas (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.38-2.20), had poor economic status (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.05-1.68), and their spouse has STIs (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39-0.66) were associated with vaginal discharge. Conclusion: Findings indicated that STIs symptoms were higher among women who lived in rural areas with poor economic status and had negative attitudes toward negotiating safe sex with partners. It is advised that intervention programs focus more on conducting mass STIs testing and safe sex campaign in rural areas.

BackgroundThe Monkeypox Virus (MPOX) has caused a surge in viral infections, leading to the WHO recognizing it as a public health emergency of international concern. MPOX infection shares clinical similarities with smallpox but can cause complications like myocarditis, anorectal pain, ocular lesions, kidney damage, or soft tissue superinfection. The study aims to understand the characteristics of myocarditis, fixed drug eruption, and dry eye syndrome in Monkeypox patients.MethodsThis review was conducted based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The data was obtained from Scopus and international journal databases by conducting combined keyword searches restricted to English-language publications.ResultThe study examined 25 cases of Monkeypox, primarily involving males aged 32.9 years and experiencing chest pain. The prognosis was generally good, with no reported death. Risk factors for infection include sexual activity, STD diagnosis, sexual encounters, and workplace exposure to orthopoxviruses. Most cases were male and involved chest pain. Myocarditis, an inflammation in the myocardium, can cause dilated cardiomyopathy, acute arrhythmia, and heart failure. The pathophysiology of myocarditis in Monkeypox patients is not yet determined due to rarity of cases.ConclusionMPOX infection presents unique complications like myocarditis, necessitating research for vaccines, antiviral drugs, and infection prevention measures. Early screening for chest pain and investigating MPXV infection's pathogenesis and clinical features are crucial for differential diagnosis during outbreaks. This systematic review can determine MPOX infection outcomes and prepare appropriate treatment for patients with complications.

The enthusiasm of the younger generation for presidential and vice-presidential elections has a significant impact on the political dynamics of a country. This study aims to explore the factors that influence the level of enthusiasm of the younger generation in the process of electing the head of state. The research method used is descriptive analysis using primary and secondary data. The findings show that factors such as political education, social media, participation in political activities, and the aspirations of the younger generation play an important role in shaping their level of enthusiasm for the presidential and vice-presidential elections. The results of this analysis provide valuable insights for policymakers, political stakeholders and educational institutions to design more effective strategies to strengthen young people’s engagement in the democratic process, as well as to sustain their political participation in the future.

In recent years, green synthesized nanomaterials have garnered wide interest due to its inherent features like rapidity, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally friendly technique. The green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanostructures (n-ZnO) using two kinds of plant extract, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri), were discussed and their antibacterial activities were compared. Characterization by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and field emission-scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FE-SEM/EDS) were used to confirm the successful formation of n-ZnO using both plant extracts. The antibacterial activity of the n-ZnO synthesized from two different plant extracts was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results show that both n-ZnO has antibacterial activity against MRSA. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values for n-ZnO synthesized from meniran extract were 78 and 156 mg/mL, respectively, while MIC and MBC values for n-ZnO synthesized from lavender extract were 156 and 312 mg/mL, respectively. These results confirm that the n-ZnO prepared from meniran extract is more effective in inhibiting MRSA than the n-ZnO prepared from lavender extract. This study proves that plant-based n-ZnO has anti-microbial activities and may serve as antimicrobial therapeutics.

Augmented Reality (AR) has seen extensive utilization in the modern era, driven by rapid technological advancements. The aim of the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method is to meticulously analyze and assess previous research on a specific phenomenon in a systematic and explicit manner. The search was conducted on the Scopus database using the keyword "Augmented Reality," resulting in 209 relevant articles. Out of this total, 35 articles passed the journal selection criteria and were deemed ready for analysis. The article selection process was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) model for inclusion and exclusion purposes. Since 2019, there has been a rising trend in research on augmented reality. The issue of AR can be approached through quantitative, qualitative, mixed-methods, and even development research (R&D). The most prominent author in AR research is NF Saidin. The data shows that the keyword "augmented reality" is strongly associated with "education" and "biology." These keywords are linked to concepts such as teacher training, augmented reality tools, teaching, biology learning, learning performance, e-learning, and virtual reality. Themes related to AR in education focus on teacher training in biology, which applies e-learning or mobile learning based on AR and virtual reality (VR). Articles were published by authors from 28 different countries, with authors predominantly from Asia. There are 15 institutions worldwide that fund AR research and publications. It can be concluded that the focus on AR in biology education will continue to grow, supported by the ongoing emphasis on technology in the modern era. This trend is reflected in the distribution year, research types/methods, instruments, areas of study, authors, keywords, authors’ nationalities, and collaboration patterns.

The pressing environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuel reserves necessitate a transition toward sustainable energy sources. Ethanol, a renewable biomass-derived fuel, is a promising alternative due to its availability and high energy density. This study investigates the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) via a square-wave pulse deposition technique, aiming to enhance catalytic activity for ethanol electrooxidation. By varying pulse durations, we were able to exert precise control over Au NP size and distribution without stabilizing agents. Characterization using field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques confirmed the formation of clustered nanoparticles of metallic gold phase. Electrochemical characteristics analyses revealed that Au NPs synthesized with a 900 ms pulse duration exhibited the lowest charge transfer resistance and the highest electrochemically active surface area. The electrocatalytic performance test of these Au NPs demonstrated an anodic current density of 2.5 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 78 mV dec−1, indicating superior catalytic performance and reaction kinetics. Additionally, the Au NPs showed high resistance to poisoning, as evidenced by a low jb/jf ratio of 0.28 and stable chronoamperometric response. These findings underscore the potential of this synthesis method for producing high-performance electrocatalysts utilized in exploiting ethanol's potential as an environmentally friendly energy carrier.

Deep learning is growing and widely used in various fields of life. One of which is the recognition of pain through facial expressions for patients with communication difficulties. Viola-Jones is a simple algorithm that has real-time detection capabilities with relatively high accuracy and low computational power requirements. The learning rate is a significant number that has an impact on the deep learning result. This study recognized pain using the Viola-Jones and deep learning methods. The dataset used was a thermal image from the Multimodal Intensity Pain (MIntPAIN) database. The steps taken consisted of segmentation, training, and testing. Segmentation was conducted using the Viola-Jones method to get the significant area of the face image. The training process was carried out using four deep learning benchmarks model, which were DenseNet201, MobileNetV2, ResNet101, and EfficientNetb0. Besides that, deep learning has a very important number to determine that is learning rate, which impact the deep learning results. There were five learning rates, which were 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5. Learning rate values were then compared with four deep models learning to obtain high accuracy results in a short time and simple algorithm. Finally, the testing process was carried out on test data using a deep learning benchmark model in accordance with the training process. The research results showed that a learning rate of 10-2 from the MobileNetV2 method produced an optimal performance with a training validation accuracy of 99.60% within a time of 312 min and 28 s.

ABSTRACT Management as managing the company's business often feels burdened with pressures to meet short-term performance targets, such as revenue or profit growth, and the fulfillment of other performance indicators. These pressures ultimately force management to carry out earnings management in the financial reporting process. The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of information asymmetry on profit management practices in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The population in this study is all Food and Beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, while samples that meet the criteria for sampling observations carried out for three years, namely from 2017-2019 and as many as 22 Food and Beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data collection techniques in this study used documentation techniques. While the data analysis technique used is a simple linear regression analysis consisting of hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination. The results of this study show that the independent variable, namely information asymmetry, has a significant effect on profit management in Food and Beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This means that the better the information asymmetry in food and berevage companies, the better the profit management practices of 22 food and berevage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Keywords: Profit Management; Information Asymmetry ABSTRAK Pihak manajemen sebagai mengelola bisnis perusahaan seringkali merasa terbebani dengan tekanan-tekanan untuk memenuhi target kinerja jangka pendek, seperti pertumbuhan pendapatan atau laba, dan pemenuhan indikator kinerja lainnya. Tekanan-tekanan tersebut pada akhirnya memaksa manajemen untuk melakukan manajemen laba dalam proses pelaporan keuangannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh asimetri informasi terhadap praktik manajemen laba pada perusahaan Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, sedangkan sampel yang memenuhi kriteria dalam pengambilan sampel pengamatan yang dilakukan selama tiga tahun yaitu dari tahun 2017-2019 dan sebanyak 22 perusahaan Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier sederhana yang terdiri dari uji hipotesis dan koefisien determinasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen yaitu asimetri informasi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap manajemen laba pada perusahaan Food and Beverage yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hal ini berarti semakin baik asimetri informasi pada perusahaan makanan dan minuman, maka akan semakin baik pula praktik manajemen laba pada 22 perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Kata kunci: Manajemen Laba; Asimetri Informasi

This study is prompted by the insufficient mathematical reasoning skills among junior high school students in Pekanbaru. This information is gathered from reports by teachers indicating that students face challenges in adequately solving mathematical reasoning problems. The primary objective of this research is to assess the impact of augmented reality learning media on the mathematical reasoning abilities of students. The study employs an experimental approach with a quasi-experimental design involving random sampling, with randomization conducted at the class level. The research encompasses 60 seventh-grade students from one of the junior high schools in Pekanbaru during the academic year 2022/2023, with a focus on the geometry of flat shapes, particularly triangles and quadrilaterals. The assessment instrument utilized is a mathematical reasoning ability test constructed based on various indicators as per expert recommendations. Data analysis encompasses normality tests, homogeneity tests, and parametric tests. The results of the data analysis reveal a significance value of 0.00, signifying that the enhancement in students' mathematical reasoning abilities is more pronounced when utilizing augmented reality learning media compared to conventional learning methods. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa SMP di Pekanbaru, hal ini diperoleh dari keterangan guru yang mengajar di sekolah bahwa anak-anak masih belum cukup mampu dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal penalaran matematis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan media pembelajaran augmented reality terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain kuasi-eksperimen yang menggunakan sampel acak, namun pengacakan yang dilakukan adalah acak kelas. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 60 siswa kelas VII di salah satu SMP Pekanbaru tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 pada materi geometri bangun datar, khususnya segitiga dan segiempat. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes kemampuan penalaran matematis yang mengacu pada beberapa indikator menurut para ahli. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji parametrik. Berdasarkan pengolahan data diperoleh signifikansi sebesar 0,00 yang mengindikasikan bahwa peningkatan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa yang menggunakan media pembelajaran dengan augmented reality lebih baik daripada siswa yang belajar secara konvensional.

This study aims to determine the compatibility of the summative assessment item of the Merdeka Curriculum used at SMP N 4 Cilacap. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method based on Bloom's Taxonomy operational verb tables. There are 47 questions for the midterm assessment and 50 questions for the semester assessment. So, there are 97 English summative assessment items given by the teacher and used to measure students' level of understanding. The summative assessment items studied consisted of the 2022/2023 academic year midterm and semester assessments. The results of this research are that questions in the LOTS category have a higher percentage than the HOTS category. In midterm assessment items, questions in the LOTS category reached 78%. Meanwhile, in semester assessment items, the number of items that have the LOTS category is 66%. So, based on this research, items categorized as LOTS dominate the Summative Assessment items at SMP N 4 Cilacap. So, this research shows that the summative assessment items at SMP N 4 Cilacap are incompatible with the Merdeka Curriculum. Based on these results, it is hoped that the preparation of assessment items in the following year will be further improved so that students can think more critically by the level of thinking in the Merdeka Curriculum.

The development of digital twins as a new technology aligns with the main strategic objectives of some of the world's top manufacturing countries. Several studies on digital twin cities have been performed, including the interaction of the Internet of Things (IoT) with smart cities, smart city traffic disaster risk management, and smart road inspection. The purpose of the research is to offer a survey of digital twin cities that includes road damage inspection as support for smart roads. The deployment of IoT technology and artificial intelligence (AI) to construct road defect detection systems on edge devices. This is the most recent breakthrough and an open challenge to creating a road defect detection system using edge AI on digital twins. As a result, edge AI devices are required to perform automatic and real-time road inspections. However, edge AI devices for detecting road damage have limited computing and storage capacities. Much of the physical system modeling has been completed in the construction of digital twin cities for road damage detection. In order to deploy CNN models on devices, some require physical system development. The stages involved in the development and implementation of a CNN model for an edge AI device road damage detection system are hardware selection, software development, developing the road damage detection application, edge device optimization, security and connectivity, testing and validation, and deployment. To improve system performance and reduce inference time, the CNN model must be optimized before being deployed on edge devices as edge AI.

The research aims to develop e-LKPD based on STEM on renewable energy material that can facilitate students in enhancing critical thinking skills. This e-LKPD was developed by using the Research and Development (R & D) method with the ADDIE development model which consists of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The feasibility of STEM-based e-LKPD is measured through validation involving 3 lecturers and 3 physics subject teachers. The enhancement of students' critical thinking skills was measured through data collection involving 35 grade X students. Students' response to the developed e-LKPD was measured by using a student response questionnaire. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that: 1) e-LKPD based on STEM is feasible to use when reviewed based on aspects of material/content, design, and language. 2) The enhancement of students' critical thinking skills obtained an N-Gain of 0.68 which means that learning using e-LKPD based on STEM can enhance students' critical thinking skills with a medium category. 3) STEM-based e-LKPDs received positive responses from students and received scores with good qualifications.

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted through Anopheles mosquitoes, remains a formidable global health challenge. This abstract provides an overview of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying malaria pathogenesis, explores current therapeutic approaches, and highlights emerging insights that may shape future strategies for malaria control. The intricate dance between Plasmodium parasites and their human hosts begins with the mosquito’s bite, leading to the invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium species. We delve into the molecular mechanisms governing parasite entry and subsequent replication within host cells, shedding light on key factors such as erythrocyte surface receptors and parasite-encoded proteins critical to invasion and survival. While malaria treatment has relied heavily on antimalarial drugs, the emergence of drug resistance necessitates ongoing exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. This abstract reviews current antimalarial drug classes, their mechanisms of action, and the challenges posed by drug resistance. We also highlight promising drug candidates and innovative approaches in the pipeline, including the use of advanced molecular techniques and immunotherapies. Emerging insights from genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics have deepened our understanding of Plasmodium biology and host-parasite interactions. We discuss the potential of these omics approaches in identifying new drug targets, understanding drug resistance mechanisms, and developing vaccines. Additionally, we examine the role of human genetics in influencing susceptibility to malaria and response to treatment. Vector control remains a critical component of malaria prevention. We touch upon emerging strategies, such as genetically modified mosquitoes and novel insecticides, in the context of integrated vector management programs. Finally, we emphasize the importance of a multifaceted approach to malaria control, combining advances in molecular biology, drug development, vector control, and public health interventions.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh banyaknya kasus keselmatan diri anak dari kecelakaan dan bencana alam yang dimana anak menjadi korban kasus tersebut. Kebanyakan lembaga PAUD hanya mengenalkan kepada anak usia dini terkait hal-hal yang membahayakan mereka yang dapat mengancam keselamatan diri anak seperti keselamatan diri dari benda berbahaya, keselamatan diri dari orang asing dan keselamatan diri dari bencana alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang media Smart Book terkait keselamatan diri anak usia dini untuk para guru dan orang tua dalam layanan PAUD, khususnya dalam memberikan pembelajaran terkait keselamatan diri kepada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penilitian Educational Design Research (EDR). Desain ini merupakan penelitian desain yang digunakan untuk bidang pendidikan yang juga dimasukkan ke dalam penelitian pengembangan ( research developmental ) materi dan bahan pembelajaran. Hasil dari perancangan media smart book berbasis program keselamatan diri ini menghasilkan smart book yang layak untuk dilakukan uji validitas, oleh ahli media digital dan ahli materi pendidikan seksual menggunakan angket validasi dan di uji keterpakaian. Subjek penelitian ini melibatkan 25 orang pendidik dan juga orang tua. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan Smart Book berbasis program keselamatan diri anak usia dini dapat dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran, penguatan dan pemahaman guru terkait keselamatan diri anak dalam layanan PAUD.

Background: Melasma is an acquired pigmentation condition characterized by its refractory nature and a high risk of recurrence. Treatment of melasma is challenging owing to its unclear etiology, stubborn resistance to treatment, and frequent relapses. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of monotherapy and combination therapy (combination of laser and tranexamic acid (TXA)) for the treatment of melasma using a network meta-analysis. Method: The PRISMA guidelines were used in this meta-analysis, with a literature search conducted in reputable sources, such as Cochrane, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Results: From the initial search, 1 504 relevant studies were identified. After careful analysis, three studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed no significant differences in the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score between monotherapy (control group) and a combination therapy of laser and TXA. The mean difference in MASI score was 1.87 (95% confidence interval (CI), −0.78–4.52; P=0.17), indicating no significant difference between the two treatment approaches. Side effects were more common in the combination treatment group than in the control group. The odds ratio for experiencing side effects was 8.85 (95% CI, 1.57–50.01; P=0.01). Conclusion: Both the monotherapy and combination therapy groups showed therapeutic improvement; however, the combination therapy group showed a higher incidence of side effects.

Background. The province of Central Java, Indonesia, hosts various well-developed agroforestry systems. Objective. To explore the interaction of weed diversity on the diversity of soil arthropods, specifically in four stations based on distinct ecosystems, namely teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) based agroforestry, complex agroforestry, cajeput (Melaleuca cajuputi (L.) Powell.) based agroforestry, and teak monoculture. Methodology. Data was collected from February to June 2022 in Geyer District, Grobogan Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia, using the point interception method for weed vegetation and the pitfall trap method for soil arthropods. Results. The results showed that the dominant species observed in the agroforestry and monoculture ecosystems differ. Cynodon dactylon L.Pers. is the most dominant weed in all three agroforestry ecosystems, while Imperata cylindrica Beauv is the most dominant in teak monoculture. Oecophylla smaragdina F., an ant species locally known as rangrang, was the most dominant insect at all four stations. The Poaceae family was shown to be the most prevalent weed species on all stations. However, the agroforestry system displayed a greater variety of arthropods. Implications. The results of this study indicate that in agroforestry systems, the diversity, distribution, and density of soil-based arthropods are intimately related to the specific weed species that have evolved mutually beneficial interactions. Conclusion. This phenomenon demonstrates the intricate interplay between different species and the interspecies affinity within the community.

This study aimed to determine the dynamics of resilience in adolescents who experience broken homes through a theological perspective. This research used a qualitative phenomenological method, and data collection was carried out using structured interviews. Data was obtained from subjects with the criterion of being teenagers who experienced broken homes. They were aged between 16 and 19 years. Data analysis was done by organizing and coding data, determining themes, searching for categories, describing categories, and discussing research results. The results showed that the subjects had different resilience. The most vital resilience arises from understanding good religious (theological) teachings. The forms of resilience found in this research include emotional conditions, emotional regulation, impulse control, self-efficacy, and social support. The resilience that is formed is caused by several factors. Judging from the subjects' statements, their resilience is formed by internal and external factors such as their inner will to rise from the adversity they have experienced and the support of those closest to them. Apart from that, the subjects experienced different impacts of broken homes, such as reduced parental love, reduced finances, changes in conditions at home, changes in the subject's personality, changes in interest in communicating with parents, and even the desire to commit suicide. From a theological perspective, Muslim teenagers from broken homes are more devious than teenagers from ordinary families because of the absence of theological values in their lives, so religious counseling for Muslim teenagers must be grounded on religious values. Religious counseling can be filled with activities such as instilling monotheistic values, theological or religious values, reading the Koran regularly, listening to lectures on Islamic themes, and reading motivational and Islamic books.

This study aims to determine the effect and impact of the overall research on the Problem-based learning model in science learning. This type of research is a meta-analysis. The data sources in this study are 17 national and international journals published from 2017-2022. The process of searching for data sources through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Wiley, ProQuest, and Eric Journal. Inclusion criteria are research on problem-based learning models with experimental or quasi-experimental methods and measurement of learning outcomes to evaluate Problem-Based Learning learning models. The results showed that the average effect size value of all studies (ES = 1.40) was very high. This finding explains that the Problem-Based Learning model provides a very high positive impact on science learning. In addition, the Problem-Based Learning learning model is effective to be applied to students' science learning at school. Effect measurement in this study is influenced by the level of education, year of publication, learning outcomes, and sample size. Overall, the Problem-Based Learning model is very useful in increasing students' potential in facing the 21st century.

Sebuah strategi memberikan kesadaran akan arah yang diambil perusahaan, mempertahankan kesinambungan, dan membantu mempromosikan proses pendelegasian dan kepemimpinan yang efektif. Tujuan studi ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi pengembangan usaha menggunakan analisis swot pada UMKM IIN Collection di Cikarang Pusat. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Hasil studi menyampaikan bahwa strategi pengembangan usaha yang dapat diterapkan dalam UMKM IIN Collection yaitu dalam hasil skor perhitungan IFAS menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan (Strength) lebih besar daripada kelemahan (Weakness) dan EFAS menunjukkan bahwa peluang (Opportunity) lebih besar daripada ancaman (Threat). Artinya UMKM IIN Collection berada di kuadran I dalam diagram SWOT dengan skor 0,47-0,54 yang berarti memiliki kekuatan dan peluang (SO). Situasi ini memungkinkan UMKM IIN Collection untuk menerapkan strategi agresif dengan memanfaatkan peluang. Strategi agresif ini lebih fokus terhadap staretgi SO (Strenght- Opportunities), yaitu dengan menggunakan kekuatan untuk memanfaatkan peluang yang ada.

Penggunaan pupuk organik mampu menjadi solusi dalam mengurangi aplikasi pupuk anorganik dikarenakan mampu memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah, sehingga bisa meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil panen tanaman. Salah satu pupuk organik yang bisa memperbaiki unsur hara tanah dan bisa meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas panen adalah limbah air cucian beras. Limbah ini berguna bagi tanaman, mudah diperoleh petani dan ramah lingkungan, memiliki harga yang murah sehingga dapat terjangkau oleh petani. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah 1. untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat dalam pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) berasal dari limbah air cucian beras, 2. mengurangi penggunaan pupuk kimia yang dialihkan ke pupuk organik untuk menjaga kualitas tanah dan lingkungan. Kegiatan ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan bulan September 2022 di Kantor Wali Jorong Sigiran Nagari Tanjung Sani Kecamatan Tanjung Raya Kabupaten Agam. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah: metode penyuluhan, dan peragaan pembuatan pupuk organik cair (POC). Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa mitra sangat tertarik dan antusias mengikuti pelaksanaan kegiatan dalam menerima ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi pupuk yang diberikan. Selanjutnya motivasi masyarakat kelompok ibu-ibu PKK mitra untuk melakukan usaha budidaya atau pemeliharaan tanaman lokal secara intensif sangat besar. Bahkan tingginya keinginan masyarakat/mitra untuk menguasai teknologi pembuatan pupuk organik cair (POC) yang diberikan. Dari kegiatan ini adapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat dalam memproduksi pupuk organik alternatif sehingga kegiatan budidaya tanaman dapat berjalan dengan baik di Nagari Tanjung Sani Kecamatan Tanjung Raya Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat.