Search

Abstract Research involving the application of waste materials in concrete has gained prominence in the academic community, aiming to promote cleaner waste management while enhancing concrete properties. This study reviews publications that have assessed the influence of recycled synthetic fibers on concrete, observing improvements in their main properties. The analysis of results reported in the articles revealed that, for any type of fiber, there is a significant loss in workability that worsens as the fiber dosage increases. Additionally, improvements in compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths are observed up to a dosage of 2% of the fiber volume added to the concrete. This can be attributed to the “bridging” effect caused by the adhesion and friction of the fibers to the concrete matrix, delaying the initiation and propagation of cracks and microcracks under mechanical stress or drying shrinkage. It was also reported that the modulus of elasticity was not significantly affected. Furthermore recycled fibers demonstrated performance compatible with commercially available virgin fibers, indicating that they can serve as effective replacements, witch contributes to the mitigation of natural resource extraction, energy consumption, and CO2 generation from the production of virgin fibers, as well as promoting the circular economy.

Abstract The present study evaluated the effects of biochar derived from sugarcane straw on the physicochemical and biological properties of soil and the initial development of sugarcane. Microcosm and pot experiments were conducted over 60 days to monitor variables such as pH, water retention capacity, microbial activity, initial growth, and the metabolomic profile of the plant leaves. The results indicated that biochar increased the soil water retention capacity without significantly affecting the pH. The biochar significantly promoted root length and mass and favored the growth of the soil microbiota, as reflected by an increase in the amount of microbial biomass carbon. Metabolomic analysis of sugarcane leaves revealed that soil conditioning with biochar at application rates of 3 and 5% w/w led to increased concentrations of the amino acids isoleucine and valine, accompanied by a reduction in galactose, maltose, and glucose levels. Furthermore, biochar treatment resulted in a decrease in aconitic acid and an increase in acetic and succinic acid concentrations. These findings suggest that biochar may be a promising strategy for enhancing the productivity and sustainability of sugarcane cultivation.

Abstract The determination of the physical properties of grains is laborious work and subject to subjectivities. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop an automated method to measure the characteristic dimensions of soybean grains through digital images. Images of whole grains were captured and through them, the width, length, projected area, and perimeter of 50 grains were analyzed Using a computer application using Python programming language. The measurements for the grains obtained by the application were compared with those determined using a digital caliper. A Bland-Altman test was applied for the variables of width, length, and circularity, in which satisfactory results were obtained for the variable length, in which the method of obtaining measurements by digital images was not statistically different from the caliper method, making them equivalents. The width and circularity variables did not show equivalence, however, most of the data are within the 95% confidence interval. The variables of projected area and perimeter and the agreement between the data were analyzed employing an ANOVA followed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The projected area variable did not differ significantly according to the methods used in the experiment, while the perimeter differed only for the method in which OpenCV library functions were used.

Sand mining tailing (ST) is a byproduct of the sand extraction of submerged pits, a process which is carried out to obtain aggregates for civil construction. This tailing consists of fine particles from the pulp washing process, usually disposed of in decantation ponds. The present study proposes ST as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for Portland cement concrete, thereby reintegrating this tailing into the production chain. In this sense, ST was characterized, and concretes containing 2% to 14% of cement replacement (%vol) by ST were produced and evaluated. STs showed natural fineness, particles with angular morphology, a significant amount of kaolinite, and 36% amorphous content. ST concretes exhibited a compressive strength of up to 57.9 MPa at 28 days under 7.0% of cement replacement, 38.8% higher than the reference. Consequently, only 5.6 kg/m3 of Portland cement was required to attain 1.0 MPa, representing a 33.6% reduction compared to the reference. The ultrasonic pulse velocities measured in ST concrete with 2.0%, 4.0%, 7.0%, and 14.0% cement replacement were 3.0%, 6.1%, 9.3%, and 6.6% higher than the reference, respectively. These results indicate enhanced mechanical properties, improved matrix uniformity, and superior environmental performance across all SCM levels compared to the reference, with optimal efficiency observed at 7.0% ST content.

Abstract Background Influenza infection is a highly preventable transmissible viral disease associated with mild upper respiratory symptoms and more severe conditions such as lethal pneumonia. Studies have shown that a broader spectrum influenza vaccine could reduce influenza’s burden of disease in low- and middle-income countries. A considerable number of systematic reviews reported that quadrivalent influenza vaccines are considered more effective compared to trivalent vaccines, hence, there is a need for an overview in order to synthesize the current evidence pertaining to the comparison between quadrivalent and trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines. Objective: The aim was to summarize the evidence from systematic reviews that investigated the immunogenicity and safety of the Influenza’s inactivated quadrivalent vaccine (QIV) compared to the trivalent vaccine (TIV), in the general population. Methods We searched articles up to December 2022 at: Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS. The search strategy was conducted following the PICO model. We included systematic reviews comparing the primary outcomes of immunogenicity (seroprotection rate and seroconversion rate) and adverse events using risk ratios. The AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS were used for quality assessments, and GRADE was used for evidence certainty assessments. Findings We included five systematic reviews, totalling 47,740 participants. The Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (QIV) exhibited enhanced immunogenicity in the context of B-lineage mismatch when compared to the Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (TIV). While the safety profile of QIV was found to be comparable to that of TIV, the QIV showed a higher incidence of solicited local pain among children and adolescents, as well as an increased frequency of local adverse events within the adult population. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the QIV provides a superior immunogenicity response compared to the TIV in all age groups evaluated, especially when a lineage mismatch occurred. The safety of QIV was considered similar to the TIV, with no serious or systemic solicited or unsolicited adverse events; tough pain at the injection site was greater for QIV. We recommend caution owing to the high risk of bias in the selection process and no protocol registration.

Introdução: Os transtornos do neurodesenvolvimento estão entre as condições que mais afetam as crianças com faixa etária entre dois a nove anos. Entre esses transtornos, destacam-se como os mais prevalentes o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade e o Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo. Este último é caracterizado por afetar mais de 67 milhões de indivíduos em todo o mundo, o que destaca a importância de realizar pesquisas envolvendo a temática. Objetivo: analisar as potencialidades e os desafios dos cuidados de enfermagem no Transtorno do Espectro Autista, abrangendo o binômio mãe-filho. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em seis etapas nos meses de outubro a novembro de 2022 orientado pelo guia PRISMA. A amostragem deu-se através das bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e BDENF. Resultados: nove estudos foram selecionados e possibilitaram a identificação de dois eixos temáticos, que foram: cuidados de enfermagem e potencialidades para a assistência a crianças com transtorno do espectro autista e cuidados de enfermagem e desafios para a assistência a crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Considerações finais: a atuação do enfermeiro apresenta potencialidades ao cuidado no contexto do Transtorno do Espectro Autista, abrangendo a assistência ao paciente e sua família, através de orientações e atividades colaborativas, com foco na garantia da promoção de melhorias no desenvolvimento e qualidade de vida de ambos.

El artículo presenta los desafíos para la preservación del patrimonio cultural y ambiental de la Grota do Bixiga, en San Pablo, además de promover reflexiones sobre alternativas de cómo superar tales desafíos. Localizada en el barrio de Bixiga, la Grota do Bixiga es una región que presenta una compleja configuración geomorfológica, compuesta por laderas, áreas verdes remanentes y ríos, además de casas populares, viviendas colectivas, comercio local y servicios, donde el río Saracura es un patrimonio ambiental de este territorio. Los elementos naturales han determinado las formas de ocupación, los modos de vida y las prácticas culturales, que se ven amenazados por las transformaciones urbanísticas e inmobiliarias que ha sufrido el barrio recientemente. La Grota do Bixiga está protegida como patrimonio por el municipio de San Pablo, pero este instrumento de preservación también está en peligro y no es suficiente para salvaguardarla. En un intento de preservar este rico patrimonio, los habitantes y simpatizantes del barrio organizaron el Colectivo Salve Saracura, cuyas acciones y preocupaciones se exponen en este artículo.

A diverse group of invasive grasses from tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia has spread throughout the Neotropics over the last decades. Despite their strong ecological impact, current and future distribution patterns of these grasses in the region according to climate change is poorly investigated. We chose ten high potential invasive grass species and used ecological niche modeling to project their geographic distribution within the Neotropics under four climate change scenarios (current, SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 for 2100). Current climatically suitable areas for these invasive species were estimated to account for 51.3% of the Neotropics. Projections of future climatically suitable areas ranged between 47.0% and 57.6%, depending on the climate scenario. Range retractions are projected for Melinis repens and Urochloa decumbens regardless of the SSP scenario, while Arundo donax, Hyparrhenia rufa and Melinis minutiflora are expected to expand their range in all SSP scenarios. Currently, these ten invasive species have suitable areas that greatly overlap in dry regions of the Neotropics, mainly in the savannas of Central Brazil and Central America. However, a reduction in species overlap and a geographical expansion towards wetter regions is expected under the SSP1 and SSP3 scenarios, and towards drier regions under the SSP5 scenario.

IntroductionIt is well known that dietary changes have a significant impact on the immune system, and modifications in lipid balance may contribute to disease progression in several cases. Malaria is still a major global health concern, and the development of the disease has already been linked to the host’s nutritional status, so it’s critical to understand how environmental factors, such as dietary variations, can influence the outcome of infection. We therefore investigated the effect of a short-term diet in a murine model of experimental cerebral malaria.MethodsFor this, male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet containing 60% of the calories from lipids for 5 days. Following this period, the animals were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, and parasitemia, survival, and neurological scores were compared. Considering that one of the first elimination routes of the intracellular parasite is oxidative stress, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine was administered to assess whether the protection would be reversed.Results and discussionAnimals fed a hyperlipidic diet reacted the same way to infection even after NAC administration. Unlike the control group, which died after eight days of infection with roughly 7% parasitized red blood cells, the hyperlipidic diet group was resistant to infection, with no clinical signs and no increase in blood parasitemia. Several proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α IFN-γ and IL-6 were increased in the spleen of both infected groups, regardless of their diet. The provision of a high-fat diet to mice for as little as 5 days completely prevents Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in C57BL/6 mice, while the treatment of an antioxidant failed to reverse the parasite protection.

The production of handmade paper is a sustainable process that has a relevant social and economic function, especially in developing countries. In the search for alternative, renewable and low-cost sources for cellulose and handmade paper production, we evaluated the morphological characteristics and chemical composition of fibers of leaves and culms from Arundo donax, a fast-growing invasive grass that was introduced in several countries, including Brazil. The fibers of A. donax are long (leaf = 1.73 mm; culm = 1.26 mm), with thick cell walls (leaf = 4.97 µm; culm = 5.36 µm), which provide folding endurance and result in a rougher and more voluminous paper. Additionally, the high values of cell wall fraction (leaf = 78%; culm = 82%) indicate great fiber stiffness. The relatively high values of cellulose (leaf = 38.9%; culm = 39.4%) and low values of lignin (leaf = 12.1%; culm = 13.0%) in the fibers make its use in paper production advantageous, as it reduces costs with chemical products in pulping. Fibers from A. donax are a viable alternative material to produce cellulose and handmade paper or can be mixed with other raw materials to produce different types of paper.

Abstract Pastureland contributes a large share of the global soil C stock, much of which derives from root systems. Management practices like fertilization and the introduction of improved forages have clear benefits to aboveground forage production, but their impacts on belowground biomass (BGB) and hence soil C are less clear, especially in relatively understudied subtropical pastures. If fertilization and improved cultivars increase BGB, C sequestration may benefit. However, long‐term soil C stocks, and their associated ecosystem services, may be compromised if these practices sacrifice roots in favor of shoot production. We studied the aboveground and belowground biomass of nine bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) genotypes in response to four escalating NPK fertilization rates and compared the soil C and N stocks among them. As expected, increasing fertilization improved forage accumulation (FA) although gains from additional N diminished at higher fertilization rates. A positive relationship between fertilization and BGB emerged but varied among genotypes. The latter identified potential tradeoffs between aboveground and belowground allocation in newly released and commercial forage varieties, which may affect pasture persistence and contributions to soil organic matter over time. Overall, we found subtle differences in soil organic C/soil organic N stocks among NPK fertilization rates and genotypes, with the strongest signal emerging from C isotopic analysis. Our results suggest that fertilization at the recommended rate and improved genotype selection minimized negative tradeoffs between aboveground and belowground biomass and did not elicit differences in SOC in the top 15 cm but likely contributed to ecosystem disservices as it relates to N losses.

The search for cleaner and more sustainable energy sources is increasingly growing. Aligning this demand with another environmental problem, such as sewage treatment/disposal, is a strategic priority. In light of this, the aim of this study was to estimate the energy potential of sewage generated in the Brazilian state of São Paulo (SP) by using it to produce biomethane. The study also evaluated the viability of using this byproduct of sewage treatment (biomethane) as a substitute for natural gas (NG), as both of them have similar lower heat values. To do this, information was gathered regarding the population, gross domestic product per capita, sewage collected, and natural gas consumption for each of the state’s 645 cities, and, based on this, the sewage energy potential, the amount of NG to be substituted by biomethane, and the reduction in CO2 emissions were calculated. Moreover, in order to address a possible allocation of biomethane that could potentially be produced in each SP city and sent to currently NG-consuming cities, an optimization algorithm was proposed. The results indicated a sewage energy potential of 4.68 × 109 kWh/yr for the entire SP state, which would be enough to supply around 10% of the energy value of all the NG currently consumed. It was also observed that from 130 cities with NG consumption, 10 could produce enough biomethane to fully satisfy the natural gas demand. In the elected scenario of optimization, 291 cities were found to be capable of supplying the demand of 26 cities that currently use NG. The potential to reduce CO2 emissions is between 1.81 × 106 and 2.42 × 106 ton/yr, and this range could increase if sewage treatment coverage grows. Despite the challenges inherent in extrapolating a potential study to scenarios that require significative investment, the results obtained are useful for formulating public policies for decarbonization in the near future.

Resumo Este texto objetiva analisar o desenvolvimento da política ambiental urbana do município de Vila Velha-ES nos dois mandatos de gestão municipal entre 2009 e 2016. Busca, assim, verificar de que forma o município situado na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória-RMGV ocupa sua agenda política ambiental urbana numa ótica de sustentabilidade urbana com elementos de justiça ambiental e ecologia política, baseado no debate de racionalidade ambiental ecocêntrica. Tal análise se perfaz nos dois planos de gestão municipal e em entrevistas com autoridades que ocuparam cargos de relevância em Vila Velha-ES, para verificar a preocupação quanto àa maneira como a administração pública trata a ocupação desordenada do território e os conflitos sociais na distribuição dos impactos da degradação ambiental em seu ambiente urbano.

Abstract Background To assess the financial impact of incorporating a new (reciprocal) technology into endodontic treatments in the public health system (SUS). Methods This was a economic evaluation study (comparing the 3 different endodontic instrumentation techniques—manual, rotary and reciprocating), allocative efficiency analysis to optimize existing resources in the SUS, and financial contribution impact analysis of incorporation of a new technology. Thirty-one (31) 12 years-old volunteers were evaluated. Results The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated at R$1.34/min, − R$0.60/min and BRL 0.10/min for the single-rooted, bi-rooted and tri-rooted teeth, respectively, when the rotary technique was compared with the manual type. In turn, the ICER was R$ 21.04/min, − R$ 0.73/min and − R$ 2.81/min for the 3 types of teeth, respectively, when the reciprocating technique was compared with the manual type. The incremental financial impact of replacing manual endodontic with rotary endodontic treatments would be − R$ 2060963.66 in the case of single-rooted teeth, but the number of treatments would also be reduced (− 19,379). In the case of two-rooted teeth, the incremental financial impact would be BRL 34921540.62 with the possibility of performing an additional 204,110 treatments. In turn, BRL 11523561.50 represented the incremental financial impact for teeth with 3 or more roots and with an increase of 72,545 procedures. When we analyzed the incremental financial impact of replacing manual endodontic with reciprocating endodontic treatments, it would be − R$ 730227.80 in the case of single-rooted teeth, allowing for an additional 2538 treatments. In turn, R$ 21674853.00 represented the incremental financial impact for bi-radicular teeth, with an increase of 121,700 procedures. In the case of two-rooted teeth, the incremental financial impact would be BRL 13591742.90 with the possibility of performing an additional 40,670 treatments. Conclusions The reciprocating technique could improve access to endodontic treatment in the SUS as it allowed a simultaneous reduction in clinical time and associated costs. However, the higher number of endodontic treatments performed would have a financial impact.

IntroductionAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS) are plastics typically found in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE or e-waste). As such, recycling is a beneficial method for reintroducing polymeric materials from electrical and electronic equipment to the same production cycle. This study aimed to investigate mechanical recycling of ABS and HIPS from WEEE reprocessed six times, totaling 24 cycles.MethodsReprocessing was performed by extrusion and test specimens were obtained by injection. The technical aspects assessed before and after reprocessing were mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and impact strength), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and melt flow index (MFI), compared with those of reprocessed virgin polymeric materials. The environmental aspect was evaluated by monitoring energy consumption and solid waste generation during each reprocessing cycle.ResultsAverage energy consumption per extrusion and injection cycle was 0.7 and 2.0 kW/kg, respectively. There was a 30% increase in MFI from the first to sixth reprocessing cycle for virgin HIPS (5.5 g/10 min in 200°C and 5 kg), the largest among the polymers. The values for virgin ABS (6.0 g/10 min in 200°C and 5 kg) and ABS and HIPS from WEE increased by 11–15% from the first to sixth cycle. Impact strength was affected from the second reprocessing cycle onwards for ABS e-waste (14% decrease) and in the fifth cycle (16% decrease) for HIPS e-waste.DiscussionThe thermal, tensile and flexural properties of the virgin and post-consumer materials remained almost unchanged as the number of reprocessing cycles increased, indicating that these materials have the potential and properties for reintroduction into the same production cycle.

This dataset contains extensive results on micromechanical behavior and microstructure of alkali-activated materials (AAM) with biomass ash (B) and silica fume (S) precursors. The data were collected at the laboratories of the Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG) in Brazil. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscopy (OM), and nanoindentation with instrumented penetration (NI) were performed from AAM in the hardened state and advanced age (1000 days). Data include loading curves, hardness, module of elasticity, and microstructure. Data may be useful for researchers and engineers in designing new alternative binders with improved durability.

Drying is a complex process involving simultaneous heat and mass exchanges, and it is considered one of the oldest unit operations performed for preserving agricultural products. This process requires a significant amount of energy, and researchers have conducted different studies to improve energy efficiency, reduce drying time and preserve product quality. Dryers based on solar energy have gained more space, as this energy source is free and abundant. Thermal energy storage techniques can increase the reliability of solar energy for drying. These techniques allow the stored energy to be used in periods of no solar incidence. The complex processes involving each element of the solar drying process have made experiments quite expensive. Several studies have bet on the use of advanced techniques of computer simulation to minimize this problem. Studies have shown the effectiveness of using these techniques for different solar dryers, achieving satisfactory results. Therefore, this study aims to provide parameters, address different types of dryers, and emphasize the importance and methods of thermal energy storage. In addition, this study also addresses the use of computational numerical modeling to verify the phenomena of heat and mass transfer in drying systems and thermal energy storage.

The photosynthesis is considered the greatest physiological process of growth, being essential to the supply of raw material for the development of plants. This work was developed with the objective of evaluating shading meshes (35%, 50%, 80% light retention mesh and in full sun), in the emergence and development of Arabica coffee seedlings (Acaiá do Cerrado, Catuaí Amarelo and Mundo Novo), with three replications, totaling 36 experimental units. The plot consisted of 4 plants, totaling 144 plants. Initially, the percentage of seedling emergence and the emergence speed index (IVE) were evaluated. At 180 days, the plant height, stem diameter of the seedlings, leaf area index of the first fully expanded pair of leaves, root length and number of leaf pairs were evaluated, as well as dry and fresh root and shoot. It was concluded that the 35% shading mesh was the one that best favored the IVE of coffee seedlings. There was no significant difference between the shading grids and between the cultivars in relation to the percentage of seedling emergence and the initial development of seedlings for any of the characteristics evaluated. The production of coffee seedlings in full sun is not recommended in the southern region of the state of Goiás.

Abstract. Objective:. Prenatal infection with the Zika virus (ZIKV) can lead to congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), characterized by microcephaly and brain injury. However, there are questions regarding the prevalence of microcephaly/CZS after the ZIKV outbreak in defined geographic areas. This study aimed to identify adverse outcomes in live births of fetuses exposed in utero to the ZIKV, compared to unexposed births, as well as maternal sociodemographic, delivery, and birth characteristics. Methods:. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional observational study to investigate the characteristics of all live births in the city of Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brazil, in 2016, after the outbreak of ZIKV infection in late 2015. All live births of children to women residing in the municipality of Tangará da Serra between January 1 and December 31, 2016, were evaluated, and head circumference was measured at birth and after 24 hours. Children born with microcephaly or a maternal history of confirmed or suspected prenatal ZIKV infection were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team. The outcomes of the exposed and non-exposed children were compared. Prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated for sociodemographic, delivery, and live birth characteristics. Results:. Of 1,441 live births, 106 (7.3%) were from mothers with confirmed or highly probable exposure to ZIKV. The prevalence of severe congenital microcephaly (41.7/10,000) in Tangará da Serra in 2016 was ten-fold higher than that in Latin America before 2015. Conclusion:. This study may serve as a model to investigate possible outbreaks of infections in a defined geographical space in the future.

Geopolymers have emerged as an alternative binding material to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Recently, there has been an increase in studies exploring the synthesis of these materials using acid activation rather than traditional alkaline activation. This approach offers benefits such as good strength at an early age, better thermal properties, and a chemical activator that emits less carbon to be produced. In addition, it provides resistance to efflorescence and leaching, which are common challenges associated with alkali-activated products. This work analyzed the scientific advances in acid activation in synthesizing an alternative binder to OPC. To this end, a systematic review of the last five years of scientific literature was carried out using the Systematic Review for Engineering and Experiments (SREE) method. The results show a notable increase in research focused on acid activation over the last few years. The acid activators were always phosphate solutions, mainly phosphoric acid. Metakaolin was the most tested precursor, followed by fly ash, and volcanic ash. The research requires improvements in the methodological quality, providing data on molar ratios (Al/P, Si/Al, and Si/P), Liquid/Solid mass ratio, activator solution molarity, and curing process, in addition to statistical treatment and comparison of results. There exists a paucity of diversity in the examined precursors, activators, and additives. Future research developments need to clarify the behavior of mechanical resistance over time, better curing process, water resistance, durability, and the role of iron, magnesium, and calcium silicates and/or oxides. The paper identifies the main research gaps in the area and functions as a database, guiding researchers in selecting raw materials, dosing methodology, and curing processes.

Foi realizado um estudo sobre a inserção do aplicativo Photomath, em um esquema colaborativo entre os alunos, na resolução de problemas para a aprendizagem de funções polinomiais do 2º grau. Com esta proposta metodológica, procurou-se viabilizar uma aprendizagem mais efetiva, gerando uma melhor apropriação dos conteúdos por parte dos alunos. Os problemas são apresentados de forma contextualizada e interdisciplinar, de maneira a motivá-los. A abordagem adotada é empírico-analítica, seguindo uma modalidade de pesquisa com estudos teóricos sobre o referido tema. Foram utilizados instrumentos de mensuração sobre a presente proposta, apresentando dados qualitativos e quantitativos. Neste sentido, essa experiência envolveu duas turmas do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública, em uma das quais foi mantido o modo convencional de ensino e na outra optou-se por uma abordagem contemporânea com o uso de recurso tecnológico e com a divisão da turma em pequenos grupos.

This study aimed to describe the brain base arteries of the Myrmecophaga tridactyla using ten cadavers of adults from this species, including five male and five female specimens. The arterial vascular bed was perfused via the thoracic aorta with a dyed natural latex solution, and the animals were fixed and preserved with a 10% formaldehyde buffered solution. The encephala were removed, and their vessels dissected. Basilar artery formation occurred by anastomosis of the thick ventral spinal artery with vertebral arteries. The basilar artery formed two arterial islands and gave bulbar and pontine branches, and cranial, middle, and caudal cerebellar arteries and ended by forking into its terminal branches, the caudal communicating arteries. The blood supply of the encephalon derived solely from the vertebrobasilar system, and the arterial circle of the brain was closed caudally and rostrally. The absence of participation of internal carotid arteries in encephalon irrigation, the island formations by the basilar artery, and the fusiform shape of the arterial circle of the brain are peculiar characteristics of the vascular anatomy of the brain base of M. tridactyla.

An easy and fast strategy to compare functionally the metabolic maps is described. The KEGG metabolic maps are transformed into linear Enzymatic Step Sequences (ESS) using the Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm. To do this, the KGML files are retrieved, and directed graph representations are created; where the nodes represent enzymes or enzymatic complexes, and the edges represent a compound, that is the 'product' from one reaction and a 'substrate' for the next. Then, a set of initialization nodes are selected, and used as the root for the construction of the BFS tree. This tree is used as a guide to the construction of the ESS. From each leaf (terminal node), the path is traced backwards until it reaches the root metabolic map and with two or fewer neighbors in the graph. In a second step, the ESS are compared with a Dynamic Programing algorithm, considering an “ad hoc” substitution matrix, and minimizing the global score. The dissimilarity values between two EC numbers ranged from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates similar EC numbers, and 1 indicates different EC numbers. Finally, the alignment is evaluated by using the normalized entropy-based function, considering a threshold of ≤ 0.27 as significant. • The KEGG metabolic maps are transformed into linear Enzymatic Step Sequences (ESS) using the Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm. • Nodes represent enzymes or enzymatic complexes, and the edges represent a compound, that is 'product' from one reaction and a 'substrate' for the next. • The ESS are compared with a Dynamic Programing algorithm, considering an “ad hoc” substitution matrix, and minimizing the global score.

ObjectiveTo test the reliability and validity of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in an online format in university students from low-income regions.MethodsWe applied the questionnaire to a sample of 195 and 117 university students from a low-income region (Gini index of 0.56) to study validity and reliability, respectively. The DEBQ consists of 33 items on eating behavior in three dimensions/factors: emotional eating, restrained eating and external eating. The questionnaire was administered twice at 2-week intervals. We tested the reliability via temporal stability and internal consistency and construct validity via exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsFor reliability, we identified an acceptable Spearman correlation coefficient (rho > 0.30 and p

Abstract Archolaemus, one of the five genera of Neotropical freshwater fish of the family Sternopygidae (Gymnotiformes), was long considered a monotypic genus represented by Archolaemus blax. Currently, it consists of six species, most of them occurring in the Amazon region. There are no cytogenetic data for species of this genus. In the present study, we used classical cytogenetics (conventional staining and C‐banding) and molecular cytogenetics (probes of telomeric sequences and multigenic families 18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, and U2 snDNA) to study the karyotype of Archolaemus janeae from Xingu and Tapajós rivers in the state of Pará (Brazil). The results showed that the two populations have identical karyotypes with 46 chromosomes: four submetacentric and 42 acrocentric (2n = 46; 4m/sm + 42a). Constitutive heterochromatin occurs in the centromeric region of all chromosomes, in addition to small bands in the interstitial and distal regions of some pairs. The 18S rDNA occurs in the distal region of the short arm of pair 2; the 5S rDNA occurs in five chromosome pairs; and the U2 snDNA sequence occurs in chromosome pairs 3, 6, and 13. No interstitial telomeric sequence was observed. These results show karyotypic similarity between the studied populations suggesting the existence of a single species and are of great importance as a reference for future cytotaxonomic studies of the genus.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with commercial rutile-TiO2, SiO2, α-Al2O3, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared via extrusion using different contents, from 0.1 to 10 wt.%. The effect of the nanoparticles in the matrix on several material characteristics, such as the thermal and mechanical properties, crystallinity degree, and permeability to CO2, were examined. X-ray diffraction and infrared analyses revealed that the successful incorporation of increasing amounts of nanoparticles in the PVDF matrix reduced the total crystallinity but increased the β-phase content in almost all nanocomposites, suggesting an improved interaction between filler and polymer.The degree of crystallinity was between 30 and 38%, and good stability to thermal degradation of the obtained.The highlight of the present work is the observation that PVDF/rutile-TiO2 and PVDF/SiO2 nanocomposites showed an increased barrier to CO2 compared with PVDF. Such a conclusion tends to demonstrate that rutile-TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles associated with PVDF resulted in materials applicable in the barrier layer of flexible risers.

ABSTRACT The Scientific Department of Neuroimmunology of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (DCNI/ABN) and Brazilian Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunological Diseases (BCTRIMS) provide recommendations in this document for vaccination of the population with demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) against infections in general and against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. We emphasize the seriousness of the current situation in view of the spread of COVID-19 in our country. Therefore, reference guides on vaccination for clinicians, patients, and public health authorities are particularly important to prevent some infectious diseases. The DCNI/ABN and BCTRIMS recommend that patients with CNS demyelinating diseases (e.g., MS and NMOSD) be continually monitored for updates to their vaccination schedule, especially at the beginning or before a change in treatment with a disease modifying drug (DMD). It is also important to note that vaccines are safe, and physicians should encourage their use in all patients. Clearly, special care should be taken when live attenuated viruses are involved. Finally, it is important for physicians to verify which DMD the patient is receiving and when the last dose was taken, as each drug may affect the induction of immune response differently.

Este trabalho visa desenvolver e analisar uma estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem de introdução aos conceitos do Cálculo no Ensino Médio, mais especificamente, a derivada. A fundamentação teórica, baseada nos estudos de David Tall e Shlomo Vinner sobre conceito imagem, concentra-se na apresentação da definição da derivada a partir da noção de linearidade local, que se ampara na ideia de magnificação (ampliação) de gráficos e no uso da tecnologia, no nosso caso, o GeoGebra para smartphones. É proposto um conjunto de atividades para a introdução das derivadas via magnificação de gráficos de funções familiares aos alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Médio.

The present dataset refers to the research article entitled “A multiscale investigation on the performance improvement of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites after exposure to high temperatures” [1]. Supplementary data on raw materials characterization, temperature recording, mass loss, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural behavior, pull-out response, fiber-matrix interface, and surface, microstructure and hardness of fibers are presented here. The continuous matrix was produced from cementitious grout containing Portland cement, sand, silica fume, superplasticizer, and water. The heating was carried out in an electric oven up to 260 °C. The bending tests was performed for fiber-reinforced cementitious composite (FRCC) with steel fiber contents of 1%, 3%, and 5% by volume, and for non-fibrous matrix. The pull-out test was performed using single fiber embedded in the matrix. The water absorption and axial compression tests was performed for non-fibrous matrix. The fiber-matrix analysis was performed from polished sections of fibers embedded in cementitious matrix. The fiber analysis was performed from steel fibers. The data refer to the residual properties after heating and slow cooling or to the reference condition without heating. The data can help in understanding residual performance of FRCC after exposure to high temperatures and may be useful for developing resilient building materials.

One of the main concerns of the mining industry is the large amount of waste generated in mineral extraction and processing. Besides causing environmental impacts, these environmental liabilities occupy extensive areas and can lead to problems in their disposal. The use of such waste in civil construction has shown promise through several research. This paper proposes the incorporation of waste rock (WR) from a phosphate mine in the production of cement tiles as a partial replacement for Portland cement. Physical and chemical tests characterized the WR. The cement tiles were developed with the replacement of cement by WR with a content of 25% at temperatures of 400 °C and 600 °C. Hydraulic tiles were developed by replacing cement with WR at a content of 25%. The pieces were produced with WR without heat treatment and treated at temperatures of 400 °C and 600 °C. The tiles were evaluated according to some parameters, such as visual and dimensional analysis, water absorption, acid attack, and strength. As a result, all tiles presented strength above 3.5 MPa, within limits required by the standard. The tiles calcined at 600 °C showed the best pigmentation. The heat treatment did not influence the strength, although it helped in the pigmentation process. Therefore, it was possible to obtain cement tiles pigmented using mine waste with reduced Portland cement consumption, adequate strength, and aesthetically suitable.

Abstract The objective of this work is to investigate the conversion of spent coffee grounds (SCG) into biochar (BSC) and the ecotoxicological effects of the product obtained. The SCG and BSC were characterized by characterized by different techniques (TGA/DTG, FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDS, and EDXRF). Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) was used to characterize the aqueous extract of BSC. The inhibitory effect on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) germination was investigated. Besides, antimicrobial activity evaluation trials were conducted with Azospirillum brasilense and Trichoderma spp. The results showed that in the BSC production process, the extractives and lignocellulosic components in the SCG were partly decomposed. Tests conducted with microorganisms did not reveal any toxic effect of BSC. However, high phytotoxicity against lettuce was recorded for rate 100 t/ha of BSC. This effect was associated with the presence of carboxylic acids identified by 1H NMR in the BSC extract aqueous.

Small-scale hydropower plants (SHP) have been losing competitiveness compared to other renewable sources in the global electricity matrix due to technical, environmental, regulatory, and economic issues. In this context, and to contribute to the development and strengthening of SHP’s integration into the country’s electricity matrix, this study proposes the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a strategic evaluation tool for SHP projects from the prospecting phase to the pre-implementation phase, taking into account financial and non-financial performance indicators. This study aims to structure a strategic map of the SHP source composed of economic, socio-environmental, institutional, and technical perspectives, adapted to the four perspectives of the BSC, with the required performance indicators for the strategic evaluation of SHP. The development of a computer program allowed data visualization from eight case studies focusing on indicators or perspectives that jeopardize the project’s strategic viability. The results showed that (i) the adaptation of the BSC methodology for the strategic evaluation of SHP feasibility proved effective and (ii) the developed computer program demonstrated robustness and effectiveness in analyzing SHP, even in different stages of development and with different technical and environmental characteristics. Finally, the strategic evaluation of SHP feasibility is an effective tool in assisting decision makers, indicating the positive aspects and weaknesses of the project under evaluation and providing a better understanding of the asset and the areas of development that deserve greater attention to improve its performance.

A metodologia de Resolução de Problemas (RP) é utilizada no processo de ensino-aprendizagem como ferramenta para a introdução do conceito de matrizes no Ensino Médio. Uma experiência foi realizada em cinco turmas do 3º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública tradicional da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O conteúdo proposto aborda, de forma contextualizada, temas do cotidiano dos alunos, de modo a proporcionar uma maior identificação destes com a proposta metodológica. Em três turmas (Grupo 2), os problemas abordados foram postos antes da apresentação formal dos conteúdos, permitindo que os alunos entrassem em contato com problemas cujas soluções ainda não estavam formalizadas. De maneira oposta, em outras duas turmas (Grupo 1), os mesmos problemas foram explorados apenas após a apresentação formal do conteúdo, servindo como aplicação do que havia sido apresentado em sala. Dois aspectos fundamentais devem ser destacados neste trabalho: em três turmas o ensino de matrizes foi realizado através da resolução de problemas; nas outras duas turmas, o tópico abordado foi desenvolvido para a resolução de problemas. Apesar de resultados semelhantes obtidos nos dois grupos, a dinâmica de trabalho RP explicitou uma maior participação dos alunos nas atividades propostas, mostrando maior aproveitamento do conteúdo trabalhado.

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is a recyclable aggregate produced during the demolition of old flexible pavements and consists of natural aggregates (NA) coated with aged bitumen. The detrimental effect caused by the bitumen coating on strength and porosity has limited the use of RAP on traditional cementitious systems. This study investigates the potential use of fine RAP to substitute NA in the production of alkali-activated slag mortars (AAM). The effect of different activator dosages was assessed, i.e., either 4% or 6% Na2O (wt. slag) combined with a modulus of silica equal to 0, 0.5 and 1.0. The characterisation of 100% RAP-AAM consisted of hydration kinetics (Isothermal Calorimetry), pore size distribution (Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry), mechanical performance (Compressive and Flexural strength), and microstructure analysis (Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy). The results show that RAP aggregates do not compromise the reaction of the matrices; however, it causes a significant strength loss (compressive strength of RAP-mortars 54% lower than reference NA-mortar at 28 days). The higher porosity at the interface transition zone of RAP-AAM is the main responsible for the lower strength performance. Increasing silicate dosages improves alkaline activation, but it has little impact on the adhesion between aggregate and bitumen. Despite the poorer mechanical performance, 100% RAP-AAM still yields enough strength to promote this recycled material in engineering applications.

In this paper, flower-like ZnO (FZnO) particles were synthesized through a facile method using different precursor content and reaction time. The as-prepared ZnO particles were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results showed the production of particles with varied aspect ratios (5–14). Composites of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with FZnO were prepared and also studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). A slight reduction of thermal properties was noticed, where the degradation temperature decreased from 439 °C for neat PVDF to around 431–438 °C for the PVDF composites with FZnO. Besides, an increase of β-crystals was observed by incorporating these particles, shifting from 31% (neat PVDF) to 37% in the composites. Furthermore, the permeability coefficient to CO2 reduced around 13%, indicated that the composites with the obtained flower-like ZnO particles might have potential applications as a barrier layer in oil ducts pipelines compared with neat PVDF.

ABSTRACT Aquatic herbaceous plants are especially suitable for mapping environmental variability in wetlands, as they respond quickly to environmental gradients and are good indicators of habitat preference. We describe the composition of herbaceous species in two oligotrophic wetland ecosystems, floodplains along black-water rivers (igapó) and wetlands upon hydromorphic sand soils (campinarana) in the Parque Nacional do Jaú and the Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Uatumã in Central Amazonia, both protected areas. We tested for the potential distribution range (PDR) of the most frequent species of these ecosystems, which are the ones that occurred in at least two of the sampled wetlands, using species distribution models (SDMs). In total, 98 aquatic herbaceous species were recorded, of which 63 occurred in igapós and 44 in campinaranas. Most igapó species had ample PDRs across the Neotropics, while most campinarana species were restricted to the Amazon Basin. These results are congruent with studies that described similar distribution patterns for tree and bird species, which emphasizes a high degree of endemism in Amazonian campinaranas. However, we also found differences in the potential distribution of species between the two protected areas, indicating high environmental variability of oligotrophic ecosystems that deserve further investigation to develop effective measures for their conservation and protection.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication during the postoperative period following liver transplantation. Occurrence of AKI in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is associated with increased mortality and higher costs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate occurrences of moderate or severe AKI among patients admitted to the ICU after liver transplantation and investigate characteristics associated with this complication. DESIGN AND SETTING: Single-center retrospective cohort study in a public hospital, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. METHODS: Forty-nine patients admitted to the ICU between January 2015 and April 2017 were included. AKI was defined from a modified Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) score (i.e. based exclusively on serum creatinine levels). RESULTS: Eighteen patients (36.7%) developed AKI KDIGO 2 or 3; mostly KDIGO 3 (16 out of the 18 patients). Lactate level within the first six hours after ICU admission (odds ratio, OR: 1.3; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.021-1.717; P = 0.034) and blood transfusion requirement within the first week following transplantation (OR: 8.4; 95% CI: 1.687-41.824; P = 0.009) were independently associated with development of AKI. Patients with AKI KDIGO 2 or 3 underwent more renal replacement therapy (72.2% versus 3.2%; P < 0.01), had longer hospital stay (20 days versus 15 days; P = 0.001), higher in-hospital mortality (44.4% versus 6.5%; P < 0.01) and higher mortality rate after one year (44.4% versus 9.7%; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Need for blood transfusion during ICU stay and hyperlactatemia within the first six postoperative hours after liver transplantation are independently associated with moderate or severe AKI. Developing AKI is apparently associated with poor outcomes.

Yellow fever (YF) vaccine can cause neurologic complications. We examined YF vaccine–associated neurologic disease reported from 3 tertiary referral centers in São Paulo, Brazil, during 2017–2018 and compared the performance of criteria established by the Yellow Fever Vaccine Working Group/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Brighton Collaboration. Among 50 patients who met inclusion criteria, 32 had meningoencephalitis (14 with reactive YF IgM in cerebrospinal fluid), 2 died, and 1 may have transmitted infection to an infant through breast milk. Of 7 cases of autoimmune neurologic disease after YF vaccination, 2 were acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, 2 myelitis, and 3 Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neurologic disease can follow fractional vaccine doses, and novel potential vaccine-associated syndromes include autoimmune encephalitis, opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome, optic neuritis, and ataxia. Although the Brighton Collaboration criteria lack direct vaccine causal assessment, they are more inclusive than the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria.

Introdução: A hidroginástica frequente possui determinadas vantagens na terceira idade, através das alterações corporais que fazem parte do curso normal do envelhecimento, assim fortalecendo os sistemas envolvidos na melhoria da flexibilidade corporal, da autonomia e da qualidade de vida dos idosos. Objetivo: Analisar o ní­vel de flexibilidade do quadril das idosas que frequentam e as que não frequentam a hidroginástica nos Centro Convivência do Idoso. Materiais e métodos: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa descritiva exploratória com caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, desenvolvida com 50 idosas praticantes e não praticantes de hidroginástica dos Centro de convivência dos idosos. Resultados e discussão: Houve uma diferença notória entre os grupos; mais especificamente, as idosas que praticam hidroginástica têm uma flexibilidade maior do que as idosas que não praticam hidroginástica, mas essa diferença não foi tão grande. Este fato pode ser justificado por causa do que é visto na prática, as mulheres com maior idade geralmente procuram a hidroginástica quando têm restrições funcionais em alguma articulação, dor, diminuição da flexibilidade ou a presença de enfermidade reumática, como osteoporose, pois essa modalidade de exercí­cio promove baixo impacto nas articulações do corpo às propriedades fí­sicas da água, que reduz o peso corporal, tornando mais fácil a locomoção sem afetar as articulações. Conclusão: A hidroginástica, pode promover benefí­cios funcionais, como o desenvolvimento do ní­vel de flexibilidade das articulações, contribuindo para a autonomia e auxiliando na prática das atividades no dia-a-dia, possibilitando a melhora da postura e da coordenação dos segmentos do corpo, e ainda a redução das tensões articulares.

Introdução: A fase pré-escolar é um tempo crí­tico e de grande importância para o desenvolvimento humano, pois fornece o suporte para a capacidade de outras habilidades mais complexas que serão desenvolvidas nos anos seguintes. Trata-se de uma fase de vida populacional que se encontra em processo de maturação biológica, observada por meio do desenvolvimento social, psicológico e motor. Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o cardápio oferecido para pré-escolares do municí­pio de Caxias-MA. Materiais e Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo documental de abordagem quantitativa de corte transversal através da análise do cardápio oferecido aos pré-escolares baseado nas necessidades nutricionais desses usuários estabelecidas segundo as recomendações do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Resultados e Discussão: A análise dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes dos lanches servidos para os pré-escolares mostrou que todos foram ofertados de forma insuficiente quando comparados com o recomendado pelo PNAE para a faixa etária estudada e quanto ao percentual de adequação os macronutrientes e micronutrientes também foram observadas inadequações nas dietas oferecidas. Verificou-se uma constante repetição dos alimentos oferecidos com baixa quantidade de frutas e hortaliças. Esse episódio pode explicar a inadequação dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes encontrados no presente estudo, por apresentar uma alimentação monótona. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados deste estudo pode-se concluir que os cardápios avaliados não apresentaram adequação de macronutrientes e micronutrientes quanto à recomendação preconizados pelo PNAE.

Introdução: A amplitude de movimento (ADM) é definida como o deslocamento angular de uma articulação. Esse deslocamento é necessário para a realização de atividades funcionais e varia de indiví­duo para indiví­duo dependendo da idade, sexo, prática de atividade fí­sica, presença ou ausência de disfunção e o grau de força muscular. A avaliação da ADM é utilizada na avaliação fí­sica para identificar limitações articulares e permitir aos profissionais o acompanhamento de modo quantitativo a eficâcia das intervenções aplicadas. Objetivo: analisar a amplitude de movimento de quadril associada ao í­ndice de massa corporal em idosos. Materiais e Métodos: O estudo tratou-se de uma pesquisa experimental, transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Foram avaliados 60 idosos (30 Centro de Convivência dos Idosos - CCI e 30 das Academias ao Ar Livre - AAL) com idade entre 60 a 70 anos, de ambos os sexos. Resultados e discussão: O estudo apresentou prevalência de idosos do sexo feminino, que praticavam atividades de forma independente e que possuí­am pelo menos um tipo de lesão. No CCI havia a presença de um profissional de Educação Fí­sica, o que não foi constatado na AAL. As doenças mais comuns entre os dois grupos foram Hipertensão, Diabetes e Osteoartrites. Em ambos novamente, o IMC apresentou-se elevado e a ADM baixa, e quando correlacionado com a ADM mostrou-se inversamente proporcional. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a prevalência de idosos com sobrepeso, lesionados e praticantes de atividade fí­sica sem um programa de exercí­cios individualizados podem contribuir para a ADM baixa.

Leakages of CO2 capture and storage systems from the seabed are able to cause significant adverse biological effects in marine species. Adult mussels were exposed to different CO2 enrichment scenarios (pH from 8.3 to 6.0) for 96 h, and endpoints (lysosomal membrane deterioration, lipid peroxidation and primary damages in DNA) were assessed. Mortality and reduced health status can occur after short exposure of the tropical mussel Perna perna to pH levels lower than 7.5. Results pointed out cytogenotoxic effects in the hemolymph and gills after 48 and 96 h of exposure, respectively. These findings should be considered when environmental monitoring approaches are performed in tropical marine areas employing CCS strategies.

The Weight-of-Evidence (WOE) approach uses multiple lines of evidence to analyze the adverse effects associated with CO2 enrichment in two stations from the Gulf of Cádiz (Spain) with different contamination degrees. Sediment contamination and metal (loid) mobility, toxicity, ecological integrity, and bioaccumulation from the samples exposed to different acidification scenarios (pH gradient from 8.0 to 6.0) were used in the WOE. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions using a CO2-bubbling system. Different integration approaches such as multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the results. The results indicated that the adverse biological effects under pH 6.5 were related to the mobility of dissolved elements (As, Fe, Cu, Ni, and Zn). Furthermore, the pH reduction was correlated to the increase of bioaccumulation of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Ni in the tissues of mussels at pH 7.0. The noncontaminated sediment showed environmental degradation related to the acidification at pH values of 7.0; whereas the sediment moderately contaminated showed both environmental risks, caused by acidification and the presence and the increase of the bioavailability of contaminants. The WOE approach supposes an effective tool to identify and distinguish the causes of adverse effects related to the enrichment of CO2 in marine environments.

Resumo O cateter totalmente implantável (CTI) é utilizado na administração da quimioterapia. Em menos de 1% dos casos de complicação, pode ocorrer migração do CTI para quimioterapia para a circulação sistêmica. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever um caso de migração do CTI para a veia hepática. Uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 44 anos de idade, teve diagnóstico de câncer de mama com indicação de quimioterapia neoadjuvante. Realizou-se a implantação de cateter port-a-cath. Durante o procedimento de punção do cateter, houve retorno normal de sangue, e foi realizada infusão de soro fisiológico. Em seguida, houve um aumento de volume no local do port e não retorno de sangue à aspiração. A radiografia de tórax mostrou embolização do cateter em topografia hepática. Retirou-se o cateter pela técnica do laço (sem complicações), e a paciente recebeu alta no dia seguinte. Possíveis alterações no funcionamento do CTI devem chamar atenção da equipe responsável.

The ceramic industry consumes a large amount of raw materials, much of which consists of fluxes. In view of the growing demand for infrastructure and sanitation, the waste valorization is a viable alternative for recycling materials, mitigating the extraction of natural resources. In this context, the present work studied the feasibility of replacing feldspathic flux by ceramic sludge waste (CS) in the sanitary ware production. The waste was characterized by particle size distribution, chemical composition, and mineralogical phases. The replacement ratios (by mass) were set in a wide range of 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The ceramic mass in fluid aspect was evaluated by means of density, viscosity, thixotropic index, setting rate and drying time. The hardened state was investigated through shrinkage, pyroplastic deformation, compressive and flexural strengths, water absorption and microstructure. The results showed that CS can be a stronger flux than granite. One of the proportions with total replacement (B-100) showed promising results, being the best option in terms of rheological behavior and physical-mechanical properties. An important finding concerns water absorption, which decreases with increasing the CS content. It is suggested that CS valorization on industrial scale may be sufficient to eliminate the entire volume of waste. This approach represents an eco-friendly solution, promotes the closing of waste loops and can be a way to cleaner production in the sanitary ware industry.

Abstract Supplementary cementitious materials interact chemically and physically with cement, influencing the formation of hydrate compounds. Many authors have analyzed the filler and pozzolanic effect. However, few studies have explored the influence of these effects on hydration, properties in the fresh and hardened states, and durability parameters of cementitious composites separately. This study investigates the influence of the replacement of 20% of Portland cement for silica fume (SF) or a 20-µm medium diameter quartz powder (QP) on the properties of cementitious composites from the first hours of hydration to a few months of curing. The results indicate that SF is pozzolanic and that QP has no pozzolanic activity. The use of SF and QP reduces the released energy at early times to the control paste, indicating that these materials reduce the heat of hydration. The microstructure with fewer pores of SF compounds indicates that the pozzolanic reaction reduced pore size and binding capability, resulting in equivalent mechanical properties, reduced permeability and increased electrical resistance of the composites. SF and QP increase the carbonation depth of the composites. SF and QP composites are efficient in the inhibition of the alkali-aggregate reaction. The results indicate that, unlike the filler effect, the occurrence of pozzolanic reaction strongly influences electrical resistance, reducing the risk of corrosion of the reinforcement inserted in the concrete.

O presente estudo é parte de pesquisa de mestrado sobre políticas de formação de professores da Educação Básica, a partir da produção legislativa instituída e instituinte do Congresso Nacional brasileiro, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação e Contemporaneidade, da Universidade do Estado da Bahia. Objetivou analisar as propostas de políticas para formação de professores da Educação Básica presentes na produção legislativa instituinte das 53ª e 54ª Legislatura do Congresso Nacional. Foi realizada pesquisa documental junto à base de dados do Senado Federal e da Câmara dos Deputados, que mapeou 41 proposições de autoria do poder legislativo. Os dados foram analisados a partir de sete categorias temáticas: nível superior como lócus da formação de professores, formação específi ca na área em que atua, inclusão de conteúdos nos currículos dos cursos de formação, formação continuada, formação continuada por iniciativa individual investimento pessoal, formação e valorização profi ssional e avaliação docente. Os resultados sugerem a fragilidade deste poder na regulamentação da formação de professores no país, tanto por não terem nenhuma proposição aprovada, quanto pela superfi cialidade ou generalidade das proposições apresentadas. Palavras-chave: Poder legislativo. Política pública. Formação de professores. Educação básica. Legislative production and constitution of policies for the training of teachers in Brazil Abstrac The present study is part of a master’s research on policies for the training of Basic Education teachers, based on the legislative production instituted and instituting the Brazilian National Congress, linked to the Postgraduate Program in Education and Contemporaneity of the State University of Bahia. Aims to analyze the proposals of policies for the training of teachers present in the legislative production of basic education in the 53rd and 54th Legislatures of the National Congress. Document research was conducted with the database of the Senate and the Parliament, identified the 41 propositions authored by the legislature. The data were analyzed from seven thematic categories: higher level as locus of teacher training, specific training in the area in which it act, inclusion of content in the curricula of training courses, continuing training, continuing training by individual initiative personal investment, training and professional appreciation and teacher evaluation. The results suggest the fragility of this power in the regulation of teacher training in the country, both because they have no approved proposition and because of the superficiality or generality of the proposals presented. Keywords: Legislative power. Public policy. Teacher training. Basic education. Producción legislativa y constitución de políticas para la formación de profesores en Brasil Resumen El presente estudio es parte de una investigación de maestría sobre políticas de formación de profesores de la Educación Básica, a partir de la producción legislativa instituida e instituyente del Congreso Nacional brasileño, vinculada al Programa de Postgrado en Educación y Contemporaneidad de la Universidad del Estado de Bahía. Objetivó analizar las propuestas de políticas para la formación de profesores de la Educación Básica presentes en la producción legislativa instituyente de la 53ª y 54ª Legislatura del Congreso Nacional. Se realizó una investigación documental junto a la base de datos del Senado Federal y de la Cámara de Diputados, que asignó 41 proposiciones de autoría del poder legislativo. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de siete categorias temáticas: nivel superior como locus de la formación de profesores, formación específica en el área en que actúa, inclusión de contenidos en los currículos de los cursos de formación, formación continuada, formación continuada por iniciativa individual inversión personal, formación y valorización profesional y evaluación docente. Los resultados sugieren la fragilidad de este poder en la regulación de la formación de profesores en el país, tanto por no tener ninguna proposición aprobada, como por la superficialidad o generalidad de las proposiciones presentadas. Palabras clave: Poder legislativo. Política pública. Formación de profesores. Educación básica.