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1. Simulation-Based Inference Benchmark for LSST Weak Lensing Cosmology

Author: Zeghal, Justine, Lanzieri, Denise, Lanusse, François, Boucaud, Alexandre, Louppe, Gilles, Aubourg, Eric, Bayer, Adrian E., and Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Standard cosmological analysis, which relies on two-point statistics, fails to extract the full information of the data. This limits our ability to constrain with precision cosmological parameters. Thus, recent years have seen a paradigm shift from analytical likelihood-based to simulation-based inference. However, such methods require a large number of costly simulations. We focus on full-field inference, considered the optimal form of inference. Our objective is to benchmark several ways of conducting full-field inference to gain insight into the number of simulations required for each method. We make a distinction between explicit and implicit full-field inference. Moreover, as it is crucial for explicit full-field inference to use a differentiable forward model, we aim to discuss the advantages of having this property for the implicit approach. We use the sbi_lens package which provides a fast and differentiable log-normal forward model. This forward model enables us to compare explicit and implicit full-field inference with and without gradient. The former is achieved by sampling the forward model through the No U-Turns sampler. The latter starts by compressing the data into sufficient statistics and uses the Neural Likelihood Estimation algorithm and the one augmented with gradient. We perform a full-field analysis on LSST Y10 like weak lensing simulated mass maps. We show that explicit and implicit full-field inference yield consistent constraints. Explicit inference requires 630 000 simulations with our particular sampler corresponding to 400 independent samples. Implicit inference requires a maximum of 101 000 simulations split into 100 000 simulations to build sufficient statistics (this number is not fine tuned) and 1 000 simulations to perform inference. Additionally, we show that our way of exploiting the gradients does not significantly help implicit inference., Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures, submitted to A&A
Published: 2024

2. The Blending ToolKit: A simulation framework for evaluation of galaxy detection and deblending

Author: Mendoza, Ismael, Torchylo, Andrii, Sainrat, Thomas, Guinot, Axel, Boucaud, Alexandre, Paillassa, Maxime, Avestruz, Camille, Adari, Prakruth, Aubourg, Eric, Biswas, Biswajit, Buchanan, James, Burchat, Patricia, Doux, Cyrille, Joseph, Remy, Kamath, Sowmya, Malz, Alex I., Merz, Grant, Miyatake, Hironao, Roucelle, Cécile, Zhang, Tianqing, and Collaboration, the LSST Dark Energy Science
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present an open source Python library for simulating overlapping (i.e., blended) images of galaxies and performing self-consistent comparisons of detection and deblending algorithms based on a suite of metrics. The package, named Blending Toolkit (BTK), serves as a modular, flexible, easy-to-install, and simple-to-use interface for exploring and analyzing systematic effects related to blended galaxies in cosmological surveys such as the Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). BTK has three main components: (1) a set of modules that perform fast image simulations of blended galaxies, using the open source image simulation package GalSim; (2) a module that standardizes the inputs and outputs of existing deblending algorithms; (3) a library of deblending metrics commonly defined in the galaxy deblending literature. In combination, these modules allow researchers to explore the impacts of galaxy blending in cosmological surveys. Additionally, BTK provides researchers who are developing a new deblending algorithm a framework to evaluate algorithm performance and make principled comparisons with existing deblenders. BTK includes a suite of tutorials and comprehensive documentation. The source code is publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/LSSTDESC/BlendingToolKit., Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2024

3. MADNESS Deblender: Maximum A posteriori with Deep NEural networks for Source Separation

Author: Biswas, Biswajit, Aubourg, Eric, Boucaud, Alexandre, Guinot, Axel, Lao, Junpeng, Roucelle, Cécile, and Collaboration, the LSST Dark Energy Science
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Due to the unprecedented depth of the upcoming ground-based Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at the Vera C. Rubin Observatory, approximately two-thirds of the galaxies are likely to be affected by blending - the overlap of physically separated galaxies in images. Thus, extracting reliable shapes and photometry from individual objects will be limited by our ability to correct blending and control any residual systematic effect. Deblending algorithms tackle this issue by reconstructing the isolated components from a blended scene, but the most commonly used algorithms often fail to model complex realistic galaxy morphologies. As part of an effort to address this major challenge, we present MADNESS, which takes a data-driven approach and combines pixel-level multi-band information to learn complex priors for obtaining the maximum a posteriori solution of deblending. MADNESS is based on deep neural network architectures such as variational auto-encoders and normalizing flows. The variational auto-encoder reduces the high-dimensional pixel space into a lower-dimensional space, while the normalizing flow models a data-driven prior in this latent space. Using a simulated test dataset with galaxy models for a 10-year LSST survey and a galaxy density ranging from 48 to 80 galaxies per arcmin2 we characterize the aperture-photometry g-r color, structural similarity index, and pixel cosine similarity of the galaxies reconstructed by MADNESS. We compare our results against state-of-the-art deblenders including scarlet. With the r-band of LSST as an example, we show that MADNESS performs better than in all the metrics. For instance, the average absolute value of relative flux residual in the r-band for MADNESS is approximately 29% lower than that of scarlet. The code is publicly available on GitHub., Comment: 20 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2024

4. Euclid. V. The Flagship galaxy mock catalogue: a comprehensive simulation for the Euclid mission

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Castander, F. J., Fosalba, P., Stadel, J., Potter, D., Carretero, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Pozzetti, L., Bolzonella, M., Mamon, G. A., Blot, L., Hoffmann, K., Huertas-Company, M., Monaco, P., Gonzalez, E. J., De Lucia, G., Scarlata, C., Breton, M. -A., Linke, L., Viglione, C., Li, S. -S., Zhai, Z., Baghkhani, Z., Pardede, K., Neissner, C., Teyssier, R., Crocce, M., Tutusaus, I., Miller, L., Congedo, G., Biviano, A., Hirschmann, M., Pezzotta, A., Aussel, H., Hoekstra, H., Kitching, T., Percival, W. J., Guzzo, L., Mellier, Y., Oesch, P. A., Bowler, R. A. A., Bruton, S., Allevato, V., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Manera, M., Avila, S., Kovács, A., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Laureijs, R., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tsyganov, A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Bernardeau, F., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Castignani, G., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Liebing, P., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Steinwagner, J., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubourg, E., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bouvard, T., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ezziati, M., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gonzalez, A. H., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Holland, A. D., Ilbert, O., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Oguri, M., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Pourtsidou, A., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Shulevski, A., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gutierrez, C. M., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Montoro, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Viitanen, A., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Yung, L. Y. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the Flagship galaxy mock, a simulated catalogue of billions of galaxies designed to support the scientific exploitation of the Euclid mission. Euclid is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency optimised to determine the properties of dark matter and dark energy on the largest scales of the Universe. It probes structure formation over more than 10 billion years primarily from the combination of weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering data. The breath of Euclid's data will also foster a wide variety of scientific analyses. The Flagship simulation was developed to provide a realistic approximation to the galaxies that will be observed by Euclid and used in its scientific analyses. We ran a state-of-the-art N-body simulation with four trillion particles, producing a lightcone on the fly. From the dark matter particles, we produced a catalogue of 16 billion haloes in one octant of the sky in the lightcone up to redshift z=3. We then populated these haloes with mock galaxies using a halo occupation distribution and abundance matching approach, calibrating the free parameters of the galaxy mock against observed correlations and other basic galaxy properties. Modelled galaxy properties include luminosity and flux in several bands, redshifts, positions and velocities, spectral energy distributions, shapes and sizes, stellar masses, star formation rates, metallicities, emission line fluxes, and lensing properties. We selected a final sample of 3.4 billion galaxies with a magnitude cut of H_E<26, where we are complete. We have performed a comprehensive set of validation tests to check the similarity to observational data and theoretical models. In particular, our catalogue is able to closely reproduce the main characteristics of the weak lensing and galaxy clustering samples to be used in the mission's main cosmological analysis. (abridged), Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

5. Euclid. IV. The NISP Calibration Unit

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Hormuth, F., Jahnke, K., Schirmer, M., Lee, C. G. -Y., Scott, T., Barbier, R., Ferriol, S., Gillard, W., Grupp, F., Holmes, R., Holmes, W., Kubik, B., Macias-Perez, J., Laurent, M., Marpaud, J., Marton, M., Medinaceli, E., Morgante, G., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Rix, Hans-Walter, Secroun, A., Seiffert, M., Stassi, P., Wachter, S., Gutierrez, C. M., Vescovi, C., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Ducret, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kohley, R., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Morris, P. W., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Rusholme, B., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Sauvage, M., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Kazandjian, M. V., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casenove, P., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Jacobson, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Laudisio, F., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Moretti, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Sahlén, M., Scarlata, C., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shulevski, A., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Zalesky, L., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Finoguenov, A., Gasparetto, T., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Murray, C., Oguri, M., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Tanidis, K., Vernizzi, F., Viitanen, A., Kova{č}ić, I., Lesgourgues, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Mora, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The near-infrared calibration unit (NI-CU) on board Euclid's Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) is the first astronomical calibration lamp based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to be operated in space. Euclid is a mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 framework, to explore the dark universe and provide a next-level characterisation of the nature of gravitation, dark matter, and dark energy. Calibrating photometric and spectrometric measurements of galaxies to better than 1.5% accuracy in a survey homogeneously mapping ~14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky requires a very detailed characterisation of near-infrared (NIR) detector properties, as well their constant monitoring in flight. To cover two of the main contributions - relative pixel-to-pixel sensitivity and non-linearity characteristics - as well as support other calibration activities, NI-CU was designed to provide spatially approximately homogeneous (<12% variations) and temporally stable illumination (0.1%-0.2% over 1200s) over the NISP detector plane, with minimal power consumption and energy dissipation. NI-CU is covers the spectral range ~[900,1900] nm - at cryo-operating temperature - at 5 fixed independent wavelengths to capture wavelength-dependent behaviour of the detectors, with fluence over a dynamic range of >=100 from ~15 ph s^-1 pixel^-1 to >1500 ph s^-1 pixel^-1. For this functionality, NI-CU is based on LEDs. We describe the rationale behind the decision and design process, describe the challenges in sourcing the right LEDs, as well as the qualification process and lessons learned. We also provide a description of the completed NI-CU, its capabilities and performance as well as its limits. NI-CU has been integrated into NISP and the Euclid satellite, and since Euclid's launch in July 2023 has started supporting survey operations., Comment: Paper accepted for publication in A&A as part of the special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

6. Euclid. III. The NISP Instrument

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Jahnke, K., Gillard, W., Schirmer, M., Ealet, A., Maciaszek, T., Prieto, E., Barbier, R., Bonoli, C., Corcione, L., Dusini, S., Grupp, F., Hormuth, F., Ligori, S., Martin, L., Morgante, G., Padilla, C., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Valenziano, L., Bender, R., Castander, F. J., Garilli, B., Lilje, P. B., Rix, H. -W., Auricchio, N., Balestra, A., Barriere, J. -C., Battaglia, P., Berthe, M., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bon, W., Bonnefoi, A., Caillat, A., Capobianco, V., Carle, M., Casas, R., Cho, H., Costille, A., Ducret, F., Ferriol, S., Franceschi, E., Gimenez, J. -L., Holmes, W., Hornstrup, A., Jhabvala, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Laureijs, R., Mignant, D. Le, Lloro, I., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Polenta, G., Racca, G. D., Renzi, A., Salvignol, J. -C., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Strada, P., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Wachter, S., Anselmi, S., Borsato, E., Caillat, L., Cogato, F., Colodro-Conde, C., Crouzet, P. -E., Conforti, V., D'Alessandro, M., Copin, Y., Cuillandre, J. -C., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., Derosa, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Ferrari, A. G., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Gutierrez, C. M., Giacomini, F., Lagier, P., Gianotti, F., Krause, O., Madrid, F., Laudisio, F., Macias-Perez, J., Naletto, G., Niclas, M., Marpaud, J., Mauri, N., da Silva, R., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Risso, I., Solheim, B. G. B., Scodeggio, M., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Tenti, M., Testera, G., Travaglini, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tubio, O., Valieri, C., Vescovi, C., Ventura, S., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Amiaux, J., Andreon, S., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bonchi, A., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Cuby, J. -G., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Hailey, M., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hudelot, P., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Lindholm, V., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martignac, J., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nutma, T., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Serrano, S., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Vibert, D., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Appleton, P. N., Baccigalupi, C., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Crocce, M., De Lucia, G., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Liebing, P., Liu, C., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Morris, P. W., Neissner, C., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. 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Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R>=450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950-2020nm wavelength range. In this reference article we illuminate the background of NISP's functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument's integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated, and its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and technical background are included. NISP's 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0.3" pix^-1 deliver a field-of-view of 0.57deg^2. In photo mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100s exposure time, for point sources and with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5. For spectroscopy, NISP's point-source sensitivity is a SNR = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2x10^-16erg/s/cm^2 integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4A, in 3x560s grism exposures at 1.6 mu (redshifted Ha). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity, to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy of better than 1.5%, and relative spectrophotometry to better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be better than 5A. NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the NIR for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST - and an enormous advance due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid's 6-year survey covering 14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone for determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its NIR data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

7. Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Mellier, Y., Abdurro'uf, Barroso, J. A. Acevedo, Achúcarro, A., Adamek, J., Adam, R., Addison, G. E., Aghanim, N., Aguena, M., Ajani, V., Akrami, Y., Al-Bahlawan, A., Alavi, A., Albuquerque, I. S., Alestas, G., Alguero, G., Allaoui, A., Allen, S. W., Allevato, V., Alonso-Tetilla, A. V., Altieri, B., Alvarez-Candal, A., Alvi, S., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Amiaux, J., Andika, I. T., Andreon, S., Andrews, A., Angora, G., Angulo, R. E., Annibali, F., Anselmi, A., Anselmi, S., Arcari, S., Archidiacono, M., Aricò, G., Arnaud, M., Arnouts, S., Asgari, M., Asorey, J., Atayde, L., Atek, H., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubert, M., Aubourg, E., Auphan, T., Auricchio, N., Aussel, B., Aussel, H., Avelino, P. P., Avgoustidis, A., Avila, S., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Baccigalupi, C., Bachelet, E., Bacon, D., Baes, M., Bagley, M. B., Bahr-Kalus, B., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Balbinot, E., Balcells, M., Baldi, M., Baldry, I., Balestra, A., Ballardini, M., Ballester, O., Balogh, M., Bañados, E., Barbier, R., Bardelli, S., Baron, M., Barreiro, T., Barrena, R., Barriere, J. -C., Barros, B. J., Barthelemy, A., Bartolo, N., Basset, A., Battaglia, P., Battisti, A. J., Baugh, C. M., Baumont, L., Bazzanini, L., Beaulieu, J. -P., Beckmann, V., Belikov, A. N., Bel, J., Bellagamba, F., Bella, M., Bellini, E., Benabed, K., Bender, R., Benevento, G., Bennett, C. L., Benson, K., Bergamini, P., Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Bernardeau, F., Bertacca, D., Berthe, M., Berthier, J., Bethermin, M., Beutler, F., Bevillon, C., Bhargava, S., Bhatawdekar, R., Bianchi, D., Bisigello, L., Biviano, A., Blake, R. P., Blanchard, A., Blazek, J., Blot, L., Bosco, A., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Böhringer, H., Boldrini, P., Bolzonella, M., Bonchi, A., Bonici, M., Bonino, D., Bonino, L., Bonvin, C., Bon, W., Booth, J. T., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bose, B., Botticella, M. T., Boucaud, A., Bouche, F., Boucher, J. S., Boutigny, D., Bouvard, T., Bouwens, R., Bouy, H., Bowler, R. A. A., Bozza, V., Bozzo, E., Branchini, E., Brando, G., Brau-Nogue, S., Brekke, P., Bremer, M. N., Brescia, M., Breton, M. -A., Brinchmann, J., Brinckmann, T., Brockley-Blatt, C., Brodwin, M., Brouard, L., Brown, M. L., Bruton, S., Bucko, J., Buddelmeijer, H., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Burger, P., Burigana, C., Busillo, V., Busonero, D., Cabanac, R., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cagliari, M. S., Caillat, A., Caillat, L., Calabrese, M., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Calura, F., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Camera, S., Campos, L., Canas-Herrera, G., Candini, G. P., Cantiello, M., Capobianco, V., Cappellaro, E., Cappelluti, N., Cappi, A., Caputi, K. I., Cara, C., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carella, E., Carlberg, R. G., Carle, M., Carminati, L., Caro, F., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carrilho, P., Duque, J. Carron, Carry, B., Carvalho, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casas, R., Casas, S., Casenove, P., Casey, C. M., Cassata, P., Castander, F. J., Castelao, D., Castellano, M., Castiblanco, L., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cavet, C., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Charlot, S., Chartab, N., Chary, R., Chaumeil, F., Cho, H., Chon, G., Ciancetta, E., Ciliegi, P., Cimatti, A., Cimino, M., Cioni, M. -R. L., Claydon, R., Cleland, C., Clément, B., Clements, D. L., Clerc, N., Clesse, S., Codis, S., Cogato, F., Colbert, J., Cole, R. E., Coles, P., Collett, T. E., Collins, R. S., Colodro-Conde, C., Colombo, C., Combes, F., Conforti, V., Congedo, G., Conseil, S., Conselice, C. J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Conversi, L., Cooray, A. R., Copin, Y., Corasaniti, P. -S., Corcho-Caballero, P., Corcione, L., Cordes, O., Corpace, O., Correnti, M., Costanzi, M., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Mifsud, L. Courcoult, Courtois, H. 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A., Magro, A., Mahler, G., Mainetti, G., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Malavasi, N., Mamon, G. A., Mancini, C., Mandelbaum, R., Manera, M., Manjón-García, A., Mannucci, F., Mansutti, O., Outeiro, M. Manteiga, Maoli, R., Maraston, C., Marcin, S., Marcos-Arenal, P., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Marggraf, O., Marinucci, D., Marinucci, M., Markovic, K., Marleau, F. R., Marpaud, J., Martignac, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martin-Moruno, P., Martin, E. L., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Martin, H., Martins, C. J. A. P., Marulli, F., Massari, D., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Matarrese, S., Matsuoka, Y., Matthew, S., Maughan, B. J., Mauri, N., Maurin, L., Maurogordato, S., McCarthy, K., McConnachie, A. W., McCracken, H. J., McDonald, I., McEwen, J. D., McPartland, C. J. R., Medinaceli, E., Mehta, V., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Melin, J. -B., Ménard, B., Mendes, J., Mendez-Abreu, J., Meneghetti, M., Mercurio, A., Merlin, E., Metcalf, R. B., Meylan, G., Migliaccio, M., Mignoli, M., Miller, L., Miluzio, M., Milvang-Jensen, B., Mimoso, J. P., Miquel, R., Miyatake, H., Mobasher, B., Mohr, J. J., Monaco, P., Monguió, M., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Dizgah, A. Moradinezhad, Moresco, M., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Moriya, T. J., Morris, P. W., Mortlock, D. J., Moscardini, L., Mota, D. F., Mottet, S., Moustakas, L. A., Moutard, T., Müller, T., Munari, E., Murphree, G., Murray, C., Murray, N., Musi, P., Nadathur, S., Nagam, B. C., Nagao, T., Naidoo, K., Nakajima, R., Nally, C., Natoli, P., Navarro-Alsina, A., Girones, D. Navarro, Neissner, C., Nersesian, A., Nesseris, S., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Nicastro, L., Nichol, R. C., Nielbock, M., Niemi, S. -M., Nieto, S., Nilsson, K., Noller, J., Norberg, P., Nouri-Zonoz, A., Ntelis, P., Nucita, A. A., Nugent, P., Nunes, N. J., Nutma, T., Ocampo, I., Odier, J., Oesch, P. A., Oguri, M., Oliveira, D. Magalhaes, Onoue, M., Oosterbroek, T., Oppizzi, F., Ordenovic, C., Osato, K., Pacaud, F., Pace, F., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pagano, L., Page, M. J., Palazzi, E., Paltani, S., Pamuk, S., Pandolfi, S., Paoletti, D., Paolillo, M., Papaderos, P., Pardede, K., Parimbelli, G., Parmar, A., Partmann, C., Pasian, F., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Pattison, C., Paulino-Afonso, A., Paviot, R., Peacock, J. A., Pearce, F. R., Pedersen, K., Peel, A., Peletier, R. F., Ibanez, M. Pellejero, Pello, R., Penny, M. T., Percival, W. J., Perez-Garrido, A., Perotto, L., Pettorino, V., Pezzotta, A., Pezzuto, S., Philippon, A., Pierre, M., Piersanti, O., Pietroni, M., Piga, L., Pilo, L., Pires, S., Pisani, A., Pizzella, A., Pizzuti, L., Plana, C., Polenta, G., Pollack, J. E., Poncet, M., Pöntinen, M., Pool, P., Popa, L. A., Popa, V., Popp, J., Porciani, C., Porth, L., Potter, D., Poulain, M., Pourtsidou, A., Pozzetti, L., Prandoni, I., Pratt, G. W., Prezelus, S., Prieto, E., Pugno, A., Quai, S., Quilley, L., Racca, G. D., Raccanelli, A., Rácz, G., Radinović, S., Radovich, M., Ragagnin, A., Ragnit, U., Raison, F., Ramos-Chernenko, N., Ranc, C., Rasera, Y., Raylet, N., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Reimberg, P., Reiprich, T. H., Renk, F., Renzi, A., Retre, J., Revaz, Y., Reylé, C., Reynolds, L., Rhodes, J., Ricci, F., Ricci, M., Riccio, G., Ricken, S. O., Rissanen, S., Risso, I., Rix, H. -W., Robin, A. C., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rocci, P. -F., Rodenhuis, M., Rodighiero, G., Monroy, M. Rodriguez, Rollins, R. P., Romanello, M., Roman, J., Romelli, E., Romero-Gomez, M., Roncarelli, M., Rosati, P., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Roster, W., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rozas-Fernández, A., Ruane, K., Rubino-Martin, J. A., Rudolph, A., Ruppin, F., Rusholme, B., Sacquegna, S., Sáez-Casares, I., Saga, S., Saglia, R., Sahlén, M., Saifollahi, T., Sakr, Z., Salvalaggio, J., Salvaterra, R., Salvati, L., Salvato, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sánchez, A. G., Sanchez, E., Sanders, D. B., Sapone, D., Saponara, M., Sarpa, E., Sarron, F., Sartori, S., Sartoris, B., Sassolas, B., Sauniere, L., Sauvage, M., Sawicki, M., Scaramella, R., Scarlata, C., Scharré, L., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schindler, J. -T., Schinnerer, E., Schirmer, M., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, M., Schneider, A., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schöneberg, N., Schrabback, T., Schultheis, M., Schulz, S., Schuster, N., Schwartz, J., Sciotti, D., Scodeggio, M., Scognamiglio, D., Scott, D., Scottez, V., Secroun, A., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sellentin, E., Selwood, M., Semboloni, E., Sereno, M., Serjeant, S., Serrano, S., Setnikar, G., Shankar, F., Sharples, R. M., Short, A., Shulevski, A., Shuntov, M., Sias, M., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Slezak, E., Sluse, D., Smith, G. P., Smith, L. C., Smith, R. E., Smit, S. J. A., Soldano, F., Solheim, B. G. B., Sorce, J. G., Sorrenti, F., Soubrie, E., Spinoglio, L., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stagnaro, L., Stanco, L., Stanford, S. A., Starck, J. -L., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Stern, D., Stone, C., Strada, P., Strafella, F., Stramaccioni, D., Surace, C., Sureau, F., Suyu, S. H., Swindells, I., Szafraniec, M., Szapudi, I., Taamoli, S., Talia, M., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tarrío, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Taylor, J. E., Taylor, P. L., Teixeira, E. M., Tenti, M., Idiago, P. Teodoro, Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Tessore, N., Testa, V., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Theret, N., Thizy, C., Thomas, P. D., Toba, Y., Toft, S., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tolstoy, E., Tommasi, E., Torbaniuk, O., Torradeflot, F., Tortora, C., Tosi, S., Tosti, S., Trifoglio, M., Troja, A., Trombetti, T., Tronconi, A., Tsedrik, M., Tsyganov, A., Tucci, M., Tutusaus, I., Uhlemann, C., Ulivi, L., Urbano, M., Vacher, L., Vaillon, L., Valageas, P., Valdes, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Broeck, M. Van den, Vassallo, T., Vavrek, R., Vega-Ferrero, J., Venemans, B., Venhola, A., Ventura, S., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Vergani, D., Verma, A., Vernizzi, F., Veropalumbo, A., Verza, G., Vescovi, C., Vibert, D., Viel, M., Vielzeuf, P., Viglione, C., Viitanen, A., Villaescusa-Navarro, F., Vinciguerra, S., Visticot, F., Voggel, K., von Wietersheim-Kramsta, M., Vriend, W. J., Wachter, S., Walmsley, M., Walth, G., Walton, D. M., Walton, N. A., Wander, M., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weaver, J. R., Weller, J., Wetzstein, M., Whalen, D. J., Whittam, I. H., Widmer, A., Wiesmann, M., Wilde, J., Williams, O. R., Winther, H. -A., Wittje, A., Wong, J. H. W., Wright, A. H., Yankelevich, V., Yeung, H. W., Yoon, M., Youles, S., Yung, L. Y. A., Zacchei, A., Zalesky, L., Zamorani, G., Vitorelli, A. Zamorano, Marc, M. Zanoni, Zennaro, M., Zerbi, F. M., Zinchenko, I. A., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., and Zumalacarregui, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance., Comment: Accepted for publication in the A&A special issue`Euclid on Sky'
Published: 2024

8. Euclid. II. The VIS Instrument

Author: Euclid Collaboration, Cropper, M., Al-Bahlawan, A., Amiaux, J., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Benson, K., Berthe, M., Boucher, J., Bozzo, E., Brockley-Blatt, C., Candini, G. P., Cara, C., Chaudery, R. A., Cole, R. E., Danto, P., Denniston, J., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dryer, B., Endicott, J., Dubois, J. -P., Farina, M., Galli, E., Genolet, L., Gow, J. P. D., Guttridge, P., Hailey, M., Hall, D., Harper, C., Holland, A. D., Horeau, B., Hu, D., King, R., James, R. E., Larcheveque, C., Khalil, A., Lawrenson, A., Liebing, P., Martignac, J., McCracken, H. J., Murray, N., Nakajima, R., Niemi, S. -M., Pendem, A., Paltani, S., Philippon, A., Pool, P., Plana, C., Pottinger, S., Racca, G. D., Rousseau, A., Ruane, K., Salatti, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sciortino, A., Short, Alexander, Liu, S. J., Skottfelt, J., Swindells, I., Smit, S. J. A., Szafraniec, M., Thomas, P. D., Thomas, W., Tommasi, E., Winter, B., Tosti, S., Visticot, F., Walton, D. M., Willis, G., Mora, A., Kohley, R., Massey, R., Nightingale, J. W., Kitching, T., Hoekstra, H., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cuby, J. -G., Cuillandre, J. -C., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Dinis, J., Dolding, C., Douspis, M., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Fabricius, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Frugier, P. -A., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Herent, O., Hoar, J., Holliman, M. S., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Miller, L., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nichol, R. C., Nutma, T., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wachter, S., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Bernardeau, F., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Colodro-Conde, C., Crocce, M., De Lucia, G., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Israel, H., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Chary, R., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cordes, O., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Oguri, M., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Zinchenko, I. A., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gasparetto, T., Gutierrez, C. M., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Viitanen, A., Lesgourgues, J., and Martín-Fleitas, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: This paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Visible Camera (VIS) on the ESA Euclid mission. VIS is a large optical-band imager with a field of view of 0.54 deg^2 sampled at 0.1" with an array of 609 Megapixels and spatial resolution of 0.18". It will be used to survey approximately 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky to measure the distortion of galaxies in the redshift range z=0.1-1.5 resulting from weak gravitational lensing, one of the two principal cosmology probes of Euclid. With photometric redshifts, the distribution of dark matter can be mapped in three dimensions, and, from how this has changed with look-back time, the nature of dark energy and theories of gravity can be constrained. The entire VIS focal plane will be transmitted to provide the largest images of the Universe from space to date, reaching m_AB>24.5 with S/N >10 in a single broad I_E~(r+i+z) band over a six year survey. The particularly challenging aspects of the instrument are the control and calibration of observational biases, which lead to stringent performance requirements and calibration regimes. With its combination of spatial resolution, calibration knowledge, depth, and area covering most of the extra-Galactic sky, VIS will also provide a legacy data set for many other fields. This paper discusses the rationale behind the VIS concept and describes the instrument design and development before reporting the pre-launch performance derived from ground calibrations and brief results from the in-orbit commissioning. VIS should reach fainter than m_AB=25 with S/N>10 for galaxies of full-width half-maximum of 0.3" in a 1.3" diameter aperture over the Wide Survey, and m_AB>26.4 for a Deep Survey that will cover more than 50 deg^2. The paper also describes how VIS works with the other Euclid components of survey, telescope, and science data processing to extract the cosmological information., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations
Published: 2024

9. Bayesian multi-band fitting of alerts for kilonovae detection

Author: Biswas, Biswajit, Lao, Junpeng, Aubourg, Eric, Boucaud, Alexandre, Guinot, Axel, Ishida, Emille E. O., and Roucelle, Cécile
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: In the era of multi-messenger astronomy, early classification of photometric alerts from wide-field and high-cadence surveys is a necessity to trigger spectroscopic follow-ups. These classifications are expected to play a key role in identifying potential candidates that might have a corresponding gravitational wave (GW) signature. Machine learning classifiers using features from parametric fitting of light curves are widely deployed by broker software to analyze millions of alerts, but most of these algorithms require as many points in the filter as the number of parameters to produce the fit, which increases the chances of missing a short transient. Moreover, the classifiers are not able to account for the uncertainty in the fits when producing the final score. In this context, we present a novel classification strategy that incorporates data-driven priors for extracting a joint posterior distribution of fit parameters and hence obtaining a distribution of classification scores. We train and test a classifier to identify kilonovae events which originate from binary neutron star mergers or neutron star black hole mergers, among simulations for the Zwicky Transient Facility observations with 19 other non-kilonovae-type events. We demonstrate that our method can estimate the uncertainty of misclassification, and the mean of the distribution of classification scores as point estimate obtains an AUC score of 0.96 on simulated data. We further show that using this method we can process the entire alert steam in real-time and bring down the sample of probable events to a scale where they can be analyzed by domain experts., Comment: 7 pages, accepted submission to the NeurIPS 2023 Machine Learning and the Physical Sciences Workshop
Published: 2023

10. Specific isoforms of the ubiquitin ligase gene WWP2 are targets of osteoarthritis genetic risk via a differentially methylated DNA sequence

Author: Roberts, Jack B., Boldvig, Olivia L.G., Aubourg, Guillaume, Kanchenapally, S. Tanishq, Deehan, David J., Rice, Sarah J., and Loughlin, John
Published: 2024
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11. Subtilase-mediated biogenesis of the expanded family of SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDES

Author: Yang, Huanjie, Kim, Xeniya, Skłenar, Jan, Aubourg, Sébastien, Sancho-Andrés, Gloria, Stahl, Elia, Guillou, Marie-Charlotte, Gigli-Bisceglia, Nora, Tran Van Canh, Loup, Bender, Kyle W., Stintzi, Annick, Reymond, Philippe, Sánchez-Rodríguez, Clara, Testerink, Christa, Renou, Jean-Pierre, Menke, Frank L. H., Schaller, Andreas, Rhodes, Jack, and Zipfel, Cyril
Published: 2023
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12. Specific isoforms of the ubiquitin ligase gene WWP2 are targets of osteoarthritis genetic risk via a differentially methylated DNA sequence

Author: Jack B. Roberts, Olivia L.G. Boldvig, Guillaume Aubourg, S. Tanishq Kanchenapally, David J. Deehan, Sarah J. Rice, and John Loughlin
Subjects: Genetics, Epigenetics, DNA methylation, Epigenome editing, WWP2, miR-140, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Transitioning from a genetic association signal to an effector gene and a targetable molecular mechanism requires the application of functional fine-mapping tools such as reporter assays and genome editing. In this report, we undertook such studies on the osteoarthritis (OA) risk that is marked by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs34195470 (A > G). The OA risk-conferring G allele of this SNP associates with increased DNA methylation (DNAm) at two CpG dinucleotides within WWP2. This gene encodes a ubiquitin ligase and is the host gene of microRNA-140 (miR-140). WWP2 and miR-140 are both regulators of TGFβ signaling. Methods Nucleic acids were extracted from adult OA (arthroplasty) and foetal cartilage. Samples were genotyped and DNAm quantified by pyrosequencing at the two CpGs plus 14 flanking CpGs. CpGs were tested for transcriptional regulatory effects using a chondrocyte cell line and reporter gene assay. DNAm was altered using epigenetic editing, with the impact on gene expression determined using RT-qPCR. In silico analysis complemented laboratory experiments. Results rs34195470 genotype associates with differential methylation at 14 of the 16 CpGs in OA cartilage, forming a methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL). The mQTL is less pronounced in foetal cartilage (5/16 CpGs). The reporter assay revealed that the CpGs reside within a transcriptional regulator. Epigenetic editing to increase their DNAm resulted in altered expression of the full-length and N-terminal transcript isoforms of WWP2. No changes in expression were observed for the C-terminal isoform of WWP2 or for miR-140. Conclusions As far as we are aware, this is the first experimental demonstration of an OA association signal targeting specific transcript isoforms of a gene. The WWP2 isoforms encode proteins with varying substrate specificities for the components of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Future analysis should focus on the substrates regulated by the two WWP2 isoforms that are the targets of this genetic risk.
Published: 2024
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13. Neural Posterior Estimation with Differentiable Simulators

Author: Zeghal, Justine, Lanusse, François, Boucaud, Alexandre, Remy, Benjamin, and Aubourg, Eric
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract: Simulation-Based Inference (SBI) is a promising Bayesian inference framework that alleviates the need for analytic likelihoods to estimate posterior distributions. Recent advances using neural density estimators in SBI algorithms have demonstrated the ability to achieve high-fidelity posteriors, at the expense of a large number of simulations ; which makes their application potentially very time-consuming when using complex physical simulations. In this work we focus on boosting the sample-efficiency of posterior density estimation using the gradients of the simulator. We present a new method to perform Neural Posterior Estimation (NPE) with a differentiable simulator. We demonstrate how gradient information helps constrain the shape of the posterior and improves sample-efficiency., Comment: Accepted at the ICML 2022 Workshop on Machine Learning for Astrophysics
Published: 2022

14. New limits from microlensing on Galactic Black Holes in the mass range $10M_{\odot}<M<1000M_{\odot}$

Author: Blaineau, T., Moniez, M., Afonso, C., Albert, J. -N., Ansari, R., Aubourg, E., Coutures, C., Glicenstein, J. -F., Goldman, B., Hamadache, C., Lasserre, T., LeGuillou, L., Lesquoy, E., Magneville, C., Marquette, J. -B., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Perdereau, O., Rich, J., Spiro, M., and Tisserand, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We have searched for long duration microlensing events originating from intermediate mass Black Holes (BH) in the halo of the Milky Way, using archival data from EROS-2 and MACHO photometric surveys towards the Large Magellanic Cloud. We combined data from these two surveys to create a common database of light curves for 14.1 million objects in LMC, covering a total duration of 10.6 years, with flux series measured through four wide passbands. We have carried out a microlensing search on these light curves, complemented by the light curves of 22.7 million objects, observed by EROS-2 only or MACHO only over about 7 years, with flux series measured through only two passbands. A likelihood analysis, taking into account LMC self lensing and Milky Way disk contributions allows us to conclude that compact objects with masses in the range $10 - 100 M_{\odot}$ cannot make up more than $\sim 15\%$ of a standard halo total mass (at $95\%$ confidence level). Our analysis sensitivity weakens for heavier objects, although we still exclude that $\sim 50\%$ of the halo be made of $\sim 1000 M_{\odot}$ BHs. Combined with previous EROS results, an upper limit of $\sim 15\%$ of the total halo mass can be obtained for the contribution of compact halo objects in the mass range $10^{-6} - 10^2 M_{\odot}$., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2022
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15. Rubin-Euclid Derived Data Products: Initial Recommendations

Author: Guy, Leanne P., Cuillandre, Jean-Charles, Bachelet, Etienne, Banerji, Manda, Bauer, Franz E., Collett, Thomas, Conselice, Christopher J., Eggl, Siegfried, Ferguson, Annette, Fontana, Adriano, Heymans, Catherine, Hook, Isobel M., Aubourg, Éric, Aussel, Hervé, Bosch, James, Carry, Benoit, Hoekstra, Henk, Kuijken, Konrad, Lanusse, Francois, Melchior, Peter, Mohr, Joseph, Moresco, Michele, Nakajima, Reiko, Paltani, Stéphane, Troxel, Michael, Allevato, Viola, Amara, Adam, Andreon, Stefano, Anguita, Timo, Bardelli, Sandro, Bechtol, Keith, Birrer, Simon, Bisigello, Laura, Bolzonella, Micol, Botticella, Maria Teresa, Bouy, Hervé, Brinchmann, Jarle, Brough, Sarah, Camera, Stefano, Cantiello, Michele, Cappellaro, Enrico, Carlin, Jeffrey L., Castander, Francisco J, Castellano, Marco, Chari, Ranga Ram, Chisari, Nora Elisa, Collins, Christopher, Courbin, Frédéric, Cuby, Jean-Gabriel, Cucciati, Olga, Daylan, Tansu, Diego, Jose M., Duc, Pierre-Alain, Fotopoulou, Sotiria, Fouchez, Dominique, Gavazzi, Raphaël, Gruen, Daniel, Hatfield, Peter, Hildebrandt, Hendrik, Landt, Hermine, Hunt, Leslie K., Ibata, Rodrigo, Ilbert, Olivier, Jasche, Jens, Joachimi, Benjamin, Joseph, Rémy, Kotak, Rubina, Laigle, Clotilde, Lançon, Ariane, Larsen, Søren S., Lavaux, Guilhem, Leclercq, Florent, Leonard, C. Danielle, von der Linden, Anja, Liu, Xin, Longo, Giuseppe, Magliocchetti, Manuela, Maraston, Claudia, Marshall, Phil, Martín, Eduardo L., Mattila, Seppo, Maturi, Matteo, McCracken, Henry Joy, Metcalf, R. Benton, Montes, Mireia, Mortlock, Daniel, Moscardini, Lauro, Narayan, Gautham, Paolillo, Maurizio, Papaderos, Polychronis, Pello, Roser, Pozzetti, Lucia, Radovich, Mario, Rejkuba, Marina, Román, Javier, Sánchez-Janssen, Rubén, Sarpa, Elena, Sartoris, Barbara, Schrabback, Tim, Sluse, Dominique, Smartt, Stephen J., Smith, Graham P., Snodgrass, Colin, Talia, Margherita, Tao, Charling, Toft, Sune, Tortora, Crescenzo, Tutusaus, Isaac, Usher, Christopher, van Velzen, Sjoert, Verma, Aprajita, Vernardos, Georgios, Voggel, Karina, Wandelt, Benjamin, Watkins, Aaron E., Weller, Jochen, Wright, Angus H, Yoachim, Peter, Yoon, Ilsang, and Zucca, Elena
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: This report is the result of a joint discussion between the Rubin and Euclid scientific communities. The work presented in this report was focused on designing and recommending an initial set of Derived Data products (DDPs) that could realize the science goals enabled by joint processing. All interested Rubin and Euclid data rights holders were invited to contribute via an online discussion forum and a series of virtual meetings. Strong interest in enhancing science with joint DDPs emerged from across a wide range of astrophysical domains: Solar System, the Galaxy, the Local Volume, from the nearby to the primaeval Universe, and cosmology., Comment: Report of the Rubin-Euclid Derived Data Products Working Group, 78 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2022
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16. Preservative Effect of Alga Flour Extract on Frozen Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) Lipids

Author: Miriam Martínez, Marcos Trigo, Santiago P. Aubourg, and Alicia Rodríguez
Subjects: red algae, flour, aqueous extract, frozen fish, glazing, fatty acids, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the preservative properties of alga Gelidium sp. flour when included in the glazing medium employed for the frozen storage (−18 °C) of horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). Different concentrations (low, medium, and high) of an aqueous extract were tested and compared to a control water-glazing condition. Quality changes (lipid oxidation and hydrolysis, fatty acid (FA) profile, and trimethylamine (TMA) formation) were determined after 3- and 6-month storage periods. A general quality loss (lipid oxidation with hydrolysis development and TMA formation) with the frozen storage period was detected in all samples. The presence of an alga flour (AF) extract in the glazing medium led to a lower (p < 0.05) TBARS and fluorescent compound formation and to higher (p < 0.05) polyene values in frozen fish. Furthermore, a preserving effect on free fatty acids was detected in AF-treated fish. On the contrary, the AF-glazing treatment did not affect (p > 0.05) the TMA formation and the total n3/total n6 FA ratio. In general, preservative effects were found to be higher in frozen fish corresponding to the medium concentration tested. Current results show the potential of Gelidium sp. flour as a natural source of preservative hydrophilic compounds for the quality enhancement of frozen horse mackerel.
Published: 2024
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17. Preservative Effect of a Gelatin-Based Film Including a Gelidium sp. Flour Extract on Refrigerated Atlantic Mackerel

Author: Lucía López, Antonio Gómez, Marcos Trigo, José M. Miranda, Jorge Barros-Velázquez, and Santiago P. Aubourg
Subjects: alga flour, aqueous extract, gelatin film, refrigerated mackerel, preservative effect, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: This research evaluated the preservative properties of flour from the alga Gelidium sp., which is a waste substrate resulting from commercial phycocolloid extraction. Gelatin-based biofilms, which included two different concentrations of red alga flour, were developed and used as packaging systems during refrigerated storage (up to 9 days at 4 °C) of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) muscle. In all batches tested, a progressive decrease in quality could be observed in the muscle of the fish as the storage time increased. Compared with the control fish, the Gelidium alga flour extract had an inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) on microbial activity (total aerobes, psychrotrophs, and proteolytic bacteria), lipid oxidation (peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, fluorescence and polyene indices), lipid hydrolysis (formation of free fatty acids) and pH increase in refrigerated mackerel muscle. In contrast, no significant effect (p > 0.05) was observed on trimethylamine formation, Enterobacteriaceae, or lipolytic bacteria counts. A preservative effect resulting from the incorporation of Gelidium alga flour into the gelatin-based biofilm was observed, indicating both quality and safety enhancement. In accordance with current global interest in the search for natural and waste sources, a novel and beneficial use of Gelidium flour for enhancing the quality of refrigerated fish has been proposed.
Published: 2024
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18. New limits from microlensing on Galactic black holes in the mass range 10 M⊙ < M < 1000 M⊙

Author: Blaineau, T, Moniez, M, Afonso, C, Albert, J-N, Ansari, R, Aubourg, E, Coutures, C, Glicenstein, J-F, Goldman, B, Hamadache, C, Lasserre, T, Le Guillou, L, Lesquoy, E, Magneville, C, Marquette, J-B, Palanque-Delabrouille, N, Perdereau, O, Rich, J, Spiro, M, and Tisserand, P
Subjects: Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract: We searched for long-duration microlensing events originating from intermediate-mass black holes (BH) in the halo of the Milky Way, using archival data from the EROS-2 and MACHO photometric surveys towards the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We combined data from these two surveys to create a common database of light curves for 14.1 million objects in the LMC, covering a total duration of 10.6 years, with flux series measured in four wide passbands. We carried out a microlensing search on these light curves, complemented by the light curves of 22.7 million objects, observed only by EROS-2 or only by MACHO, over about 7 years, with flux series measured in only two passbands. A likelihood analysis, taking into account the LMC self-lensing and Milky Way disk contributions, allows us to conclude that compact objects with masses in the range 10-100 M cannot make up more than ~15% of a standard halo total mass (at a 95% confidence level). Our analysis sensitivity weakens for heavier objects, although we still rule out the possibility of ~50% of the halo being made of ~1000 M BHs. Combined with previous EROS results, an upper limit of ~15% of the total halo mass can be obtained for the contribution of compact halo objects in the mass range 10-6-102 M.
Published: 2022

19. Gravitation And the Universe from large Scale-Structures: The GAUSS mission concept

Author: Blanchard, Alain, Éric, Aubourg, Brax, Philippe, Castender, Francisco J., Codis, Sandrine, Escoffier, Stéphanie, Dournac, Fabien, Ferté, Agnès, Finelli, Fabio, Fosalba, Pablo, Gangler, Emmanuel, Gontcho, A Gontcho Satya, Hawken, Adam, Ilić, Stéphane, Kneib, Jean-Paul, Kunz, Martin, Lavaux, Guilhem, Fèvre, Olivier Le, Lesgourgues, Julien, Mellier, Yannick, Neveu, Jérémy, Rasera, Yann, Renault, Cécile, Ricci, Marina, Sakr, Ziad, Sanchez, Norma G., Tutusaus, Isaac, and Yahia-Cherif, Safir
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Today, thanks in particular to the results of the ESA Planck mission, the concordance cosmological model appears to be the most robust to describe the evolution and content of the Universe from its early to late times. It summarizes the evolution of matter, made mainly of dark matter, from the primordial fluctuations generated by inflation around $10^{-30}$ second after the Big-Bang to galaxies and clusters of galaxies, 13.8 billion years later, and the evolution of the expansion of space, with a relative slowdown in the matter-dominated era and, since a few billion years, an acceleration powered by dark energy. But we are far from knowing the pillars of this model which are inflation, dark matter and dark energy. Comprehending these fundamental questions requires a detailed mapping of our observable Universe over the whole of cosmic time. The relic radiation provides the starting point and galaxies draw the cosmic web. JAXA's LiteBIRD mission will map the beginning of our Universe with a crucial test for inflation (its primordial gravity waves), and the ESA Euclid mission will map the most recent half part, crucial for dark energy. The mission concept, described in this White Paper, GAUSS, aims at being a mission to fully map the cosmic web up to the reionization era, linking early and late evolution, to tackle and disentangle the crucial degeneracies persisting after the Euclid era between dark matter and inflation properties, dark energy, structure growth and gravitation at large scale., Comment: 24 pages, 3 figures, ESA Voyage2050 White Paper
Published: 2021
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20. Evaluation of Lipid Damage, Microbial Spoilage and Sensory Acceptance of Chilled Pouting (Trisopterus luscus), an Underutilized Lean Fish Species

Author: Julio Maroto, Marcos Trigo, José M. Miranda, Santiago P. Aubourg, and Jorge Barros-Velázquez
Subjects: pouting, fish food, chilling, microbial activity, lipid damage, sensory acceptance, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The present study focused on the use of pouting (Trisopterus luscus), an underutilized gadoid fish species, as a fresh product of potential commercial interest. Accordingly, non-degutted pouting specimens (145–195 g and 15–22 cm) were stored under chilling conditions (0 °C) for microbial, chemical and sensory analyses to evaluate their commercial quality and shelf life. A progressive quality loss (p < 0.05) was detected for this lean species (5.58 g lipids·kg−1 muscle) as the storage time increased, as determined through microbial (aerobes, psychrotrophs and Enterobacteriaceae counts), lipid hydrolysis (free fatty acid value), lipid oxidation (conjugated diene and triene, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and fluorescence values) and sensory acceptance assessment. A detailed comparison to related lean fish species revealed that the pouting exhibited a fast quality breakdown under refrigeration conditions. Thus, after 9 d of chilled storage, the psychrotroph counts exceeded the acceptable limits (8.54 log CFU·g−1), and the fish specimens were found to be rejectable, with the sensory panel, external odor and eye appearance being the limiting factors. In contrast, the pouting specimens exhibited high quality after 3 d of storage, with the quality being still acceptable after 6 d. According to the current search for novel, underutilized species, pouting is proposed as a promising source.
Published: 2024
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21. Optimization of Oil and Tocopherol Extraction from Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) by Supercritical CO2 Procedure

Author: Camila Sánchez, Alicia Rodríguez, Francisca Reinoso, Gretel Dovale-Rosabal, Nalda Romero, Alejandra Espinosa, María Elsa Pando, Benjamín Claria, Rodrigo Valenzuela, Cielo Char, and Santiago P. Aubourg
Subjects: freeze-dried maqui, supercritical fluid extraction, CO2, Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization, oil yield, tocopherols, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: This study focused on the oil extraction from freeze-dried maqui (Aristotelia chilensis) by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2). The basic objective was to optimize the oil yield and the tocopherol concentration. A Box/Behnken experimental design was developed with three processing variables: supercritical pressure (74, 187, and 300 bar), temperature (35, 48, and 60 °C), and extracting time (30, 135, and 240 min). Multiple optimizations, based on the combination of factor levels at 274 bar, 240 min, and 60 °C, led to the highest oil yield and tocopherol values. The validation of the optimized conditions of maqui oil extraction led to an oil yield of 8% and values of 735, 53, and 97 (mg·kg−1 oil) for α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, and γ-tocopherol, respectively. A higher concentration of tocopherol compounds was observed when compared to the employment of the conventional extracting method. The optimized SFE-CO2 method led to an oil extract exhibiting higher Hydrophilic-Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (H-ORAC) assay and total phenol content (22 μmol Trolox equivalents·g−1 oil and 28 mg gallic acid equivalents·g−1 oil) than the oil obtained by the conventional procedure. A practical and accurate oil extraction is proposed for obtaining tocopherol-enriched oil including high concentrations of valuable lipophilic antioxidants.
Published: 2024
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22. Vitamin D status and latitude predict brain lesions in adrenoleukodystrophy

Author: Keith P. vanHaren, Jacob Wilkes, Ann B. Moser, Gerald V. Raymond, Troy Richardson, Patrick Aubourg, Timothy W. Collins, Ellen M. Mowry, and Joshua L. Bonkowsky
Subjects: Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract: Abstract Objectives Approximately 40% of boys with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) develop inflammatory demyelinating brain lesions (cerebral ALD, cALD) and are at risk for death or severe disability. Risk factors for cALD are poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate whether vitamin D status, which influences immune function, is associated with risk for cALD. Methods We used two independent cohorts to assess whether low vitamin D status is correlated with cALD. We used complementary proxies for vitamin D status: plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and latitude. In our first cohort, we measured 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in biobanked plasma samples from ALD boys with initially normal brain MRIs followed at two expert centers. In a second cohort, we measured latitude (using home ZIP code) among ALD boys identified in a national administrative database (PHIS) covering 51 US pediatric hospitals. We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds of developing cALD in each cohort. Results In the first cohort, we identified 20 ALD boys with a total of 53 plasma sample timepoints who met inclusion criteria; 50% (n = 10) subsequently developed cALD. Average 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower among boys who developed cALD than those who did not (median 28.9 vs 36.6 ng/ml); p = 0.019. For each 10 ng/mL decrease in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, the odds ratio for developing cALD was 6.94; p = 0.044. In the second cohort, we identified 230 ALD boys across 28 states; 57% of boys (n = 132) developed cALD. Each 2° increase in latitude conferred an odds ratio of 1.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.01, 1.35); p = 0.036 for developing cALD. Conclusions Using independent cohorts, we found that ALD boys with lower pre‐morbid plasma levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, or more northerly latitude of residence, were more likely to develop cALD. These findings offer complementary lines of evidence that vitamin D and/or ultraviolet light exposure influence cALD risk.
Published: 2023
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23. The association between air pollution and the severity at diagnosis and progression of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: results from the retrospective ScleroPol study

Author: Anaïs Roeser, Lucile Sese, Guillaume Chassagnon, Benjamin Chaigne, Bertrand Dunogue, Stéphane Tran Ba, Salma Jebri, Pierre-Yves Brillet, Marie Pierre Revel, Frédérique Aubourg, Robin Dhote, Frédéric Caux, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Luc Mouthon, Hilario Nunes, and Yurdagül Uzunhan
Subjects: Systemic sclerosis, Scleroderma, Interstitial lung disease, Air pollution, Ozone, Particulate matter, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract: Abstract Objective To investigate the association of air pollution exposure with the severity of interstitial lung disease (ILD) at diagnosis and ILD progression among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)-associated ILD. Methods We conducted a retrospective two-center study of patients with SSc-associated ILD diagnosed between 2006 and 2019. Exposure to the air pollutants particulate matter of up to 10 and 2.5 µm in diameter (PM10, PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) was assessed at the geolocalization coordinates of the patients’ residential address. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between air pollution and severity at diagnosis according to the Goh staging algorithm, and progression at 12 and 24 months. Results We included 181 patients, 80% of whom were women; 44% had diffuse cutaneous scleroderma, and 56% had anti-topoisomerase I antibodies. ILD was extensive, according to the Goh staging algorithm, in 29% of patients. O3 exposure was associated with the presence of extensive ILD at diagnosis (adjusted OR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.05–1.21; p value = 0.002). At 12 and 24 months, progression was noted in 27/105 (26%) and 48/113 (43%) patients, respectively. O3 exposure was associated with progression at 24 months (adjusted OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.19; p value = 0.02). We found no association between exposure to other air pollutants and severity at diagnosis and progression. Conclusion Our findings suggest that high levels of O3 exposure are associated with more severe SSc-associated ILD at diagnosis, and progression at 24 months.
Published: 2023
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24. Food Grade Nanofiber of Polylactic Acid by Electrospinning: Physicochemical Characterization of Solutions and Parameters of the Technique

Author: Dalila Fernanda Canizales-Rodríguez, Francisco Rodríguez-Félix, José Agustín Tapia-Hernández, Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez, Saúl Ruíz-Cruz, Santiago P. Aubourg, Daniela Denisse Castro-Enríquez, Carlos Gregorio Barreras-Urbina, Silvia Elena Burruel-Ibarra, José Luis Pompa-Ramos, and Lorena Armenta-Villegas
Subjects: Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract: Nowadays, one-third of the world’s food production is wasted, so food industry has focused on the design of new technologies that contribute to preserving food quality and safety, focusing on environmentally friendly packaging. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a polymer which is biocompatible and biodegradable, of low cost, and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by FDA; on the other hand, nanofibers obtained by electrospinning have the potential food industry application, for protection and release of bioactive compounds, producing active and intelligent packaging and increasing and monitoring food quality. The main objective of this work was to obtain food grade nanofibers (FGNs) of PLA (FGN-PLA) by electrospinning, for which different food grade solutions (FGSs) of PLA (FGS-PLA) concentrations with food grade solvent acetone (FGSA) were made and characterized via viscosity, density, conductivity, surface tension measurements, and rheological properties, and to correlate its effect on the FGN-PLA production by electrospinning as well as the effect of technique process parameters (distance from needle to collector plate and flow rate) on fiber characteristics was investigated. Morphological and dimensional characteristics of fibers were analyzed by SEM; increasing the FGS concentration as from 10% (w/v), beaded free and uniform nanofibers were produced. Also, average diameters increasing at higher polymer concentrations and flow rates. Rheological analysis indicates a Newtonian behavior, and the 10% (w/v) FGS shows stability for electrospinning process. In this paper, we report a detailed investigation of how electrospinning parameters interplay and affect FGN morphology and diameter that can be utilized for future research in food industry, for protection and release of bioactive compounds, as well as to maintain and monitor the food quality, as smart packaging systems.
Published: 2024
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25. The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey

Author: LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration, Abolfathi, Bela, Alonso, David, Armstrong, Robert, Aubourg, Éric, Awan, Humna, Babuji, Yadu N., Bauer, Franz Erik, Bean, Rachel, Beckett, George, Biswas, Rahul, Bogart, Joanne R., Boutigny, Dominique, Chard, Kyle, Chiang, James, Claver, Chuck F., Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Combet, Céline, Connolly, Andrew J., Daniel, Scott F., Digel, Seth W., Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Dubois, Richard, Gangler, Emmanuel, Gawiser, Eric, Glanzman, Thomas, Gris, Phillipe, Habib, Salman, Hearin, Andrew P., Heitmann, Katrin, Hernandez, Fabio, Hložek, Renée, Hollowed, Joseph, Ishak, Mustapha, Ivezić, Željko, Jarvis, Mike, Jha, Saurabh W., Kahn, Steven M., Kalmbach, J. Bryce, Kelly, Heather M., Kovacs, Eve, Korytov, Danila, Krughoff, K. Simon, Lage, Craig S., Lanusse, François, Larsen, Patricia, Guillou, Laurent Le, Li, Nan, Longley, Emily Phillips, Lupton, Robert H., Mandelbaum, Rachel, Mao, Yao-Yuan, Marshall, Phil, Meyers, Joshua E., Moniez, Marc, Morrison, Christopher B., Nomerotski, Andrei, O'Connor, Paul, Park, HyeYun, Park, Ji Won, Peloton, Julien, Perrefort, Daniel, Perry, James, Plaszczynski, Stéphane, Pope, Adrian, Rasmussen, Andrew, Reil, Kevin, Roodman, Aaron J., Rykoff, Eli S., Sánchez, F. Javier, Schmidt, Samuel J., Scolnic, Daniel, Stubbs, Christopher W., Tyson, J. Anthony, Uram, Thomas D., Villarreal, Antonia, Walter, Christopher W., Wiesner, Matthew P., Wood-Vasey, W. Michael, and Zuntz, Joe
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observations including realistic cadences, through image simulations, and finally processing with Rubin's LSST Science Pipelines. This last step ensures that we generate data products resembling those to be delivered by the Rubin Observatory as closely as is currently possible. The simulated DC2 sky survey covers six optical bands in a wide-fast-deep (WFD) area of approximately 300 deg^2 as well as a deep drilling field (DDF) of approximately 1 deg^2. We simulate 5 years of the planned 10-year survey. The DC2 sky survey has multiple purposes. First, the LSST DESC working groups can use the dataset to develop a range of DESC analysis pipelines to prepare for the advent of actual data. Second, it serves as a realistic testbed for the image processing software under development for LSST by the Rubin Observatory. In particular, simulated data provide a controlled way to investigate certain image-level systematic effects. Finally, the DC2 sky survey enables the exploration of new scientific ideas in both static and time-domain cosmology., Comment: 39 pages, 19 figures, version accepted for publication in ApJS
Published: 2020
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26. Deblending galaxies with Variational Autoencoders: a joint multi-band, multi-instrument approach

Author: Arcelin, Bastien, Doux, Cyrille, Aubourg, Eric, Roucelle, Cécile, and Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Blending of galaxies has a major contribution in the systematic error budget of weak lensing studies, affecting photometric and shape measurements, particularly for ground-based, deep, photometric galaxy surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). Existing deblenders mostly rely on analytic modelling of galaxy profiles and suffer from the lack of flexible yet accurate models. We propose to use generative models based on deep neural networks, namely variational autoencoders (VAE), to learn probabilistic models directly from data. We train a VAE on images of centred, isolated galaxies, which we reuse, as a prior, in a second VAE-like neural network in charge of deblending galaxies. We train our networks on simulated images including six LSST bandpass filters and the visible and near-infrared bands of the Euclid satellite, as our method naturally generalises to multiple bands and can incorporate data from multiple instruments. We obtain median reconstruction errors on ellipticities and $r$-band magnitude between $\pm{0.01}$ and $\pm{0.05}$ respectively in most cases, and ellipticity multiplicative bias of 1.6% for blended objects in the optimal configuration. We also study the impact of decentring and prove the method to be robust. This method only requires the approximate centre of each target galaxy, but no assumptions about the number of surrounding objects, pointing to an iterative detection/deblending procedure we leave for future work. Finally, we discuss future challenges about training on real data and obtain encouraging results when applying transfer learning. Our code is publicly available on GitHub (https://github.com/LSSTDESC/DeblenderVAE)., Comment: Matches version accepted by MNRAS (minor changes, abstract shortened). 17 pages
Published: 2020
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27. The LSST DESC DC2 Simulated Sky Survey

Author: Abolfathi, Bela, Alonso, David, Armstrong, Robert, Aubourg, Éric, Awan, Humna, Babuji, Yadu N, Bauer, Franz Erik, Bean, Rachel, Beckett, George, Biswas, Rahul, Bogart, Joanne R, Boutigny, Dominique, Chard, Kyle, Chiang, James, Claver, Chuck F, Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Combet, Céline, Connolly, Andrew J, Daniel, Scott F, Digel, Seth W, Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Dubois, Richard, Gangler, Emmanuel, Gawiser, Eric, Glanzman, Thomas, Gris, Phillipe, Habib, Salman, Hearin, Andrew P, Heitmann, Katrin, Hernandez, Fabio, Hložek, Renée, Hollowed, Joseph, Ishak, Mustapha, Ivezić, Željko, Jarvis, Mike, Jha, Saurabh W, Kahn, Steven M, Kalmbach, J Bryce, Kelly, Heather M, Kovacs, Eve, Korytov, Danila, Krughoff, K Simon, Lage, Craig S, Lanusse, François, Larsen, Patricia, Le Guillou, Laurent, Li, Nan, Longley, Emily Phillips, Lupton, Robert H, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Mao, Yao-Yuan, Marshall, Phil, Meyers, Joshua E, Moniez, Marc, Morrison, Christopher B, Nomerotski, Andrei, O’Connor, Paul, Park, HyeYun, Park, Ji Won, Peloton, Julien, Perrefort, Daniel, Perry, James, Plaszczynski, Stéphane, Pope, Adrian, Rasmussen, Andrew, Reil, Kevin, Roodman, Aaron J, Rykoff, Eli S, Sánchez, F Javier, Schmidt, Samuel J, Scolnic, Daniel, Stubbs, Christopher W, Tyson, J Anthony, Uram, Thomas D, Villarreal, Antonio, Walter, Christopher W, Wiesner, Matthew P, Wood-Vasey, W Michael, and Zuntz, Joe
Subjects: Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Cosmology, N-body simulations, Sky surveys, astro-ph.IM, astro-ph.CO, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences
Abstract: We describe the simulated sky survey underlying the second data challenge (DC2) carried out in preparation for analysis of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). Significant connections across multiple science domains will be a hallmark of LSST; the DC2 program represents a unique modeling effort that stresses this interconnectivity in a way that has not been attempted before. This effort encompasses a full end-to-end approach: starting from a large N-body simulation, through setting up LSST-like observations including realistic cadences, through image simulations, and finally processing with Rubin's LSST Science Pipelines. This last step ensures that we generate data products resembling those to be delivered by the Rubin Observatory as closely as is currently possible. The simulated DC2 sky survey covers six optical bands in a wide-fast-deep area of approximately 300 deg2, as well as a deep drilling field of approximately 1 deg2. We simulate 5 yr of the planned 10 yr survey. The DC2 sky survey has multiple purposes. First, the LSST DESC working groups can use the data set to develop a range of DESC analysis pipelines to prepare for the advent of actual data. Second, it serves as a realistic test bed for the image processing software under development for LSST by the Rubin Observatory. In particular, simulated data provide a controlled way to investigate certain image-level systematic effects. Finally, the DC2 sky survey enables the exploration of new scientific ideas in both static and time domain cosmology.
Published: 2021

28. Influence of Cuttlefish-Ink Extract on Canned Golden Seabream (Sparus aurata) Quality

Author: Beatriz Martínez, Marcos Trigo, Alicia Rodríguez, and Santiago P. Aubourg
Subjects: cuttlefish, ink, golden seabream, canning, lipid hydrolysis, phospholipids, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract: Four different concentrations of an aqueous extract of cuttlefish (Sepia spp.) ink (CI) were introduced, respectively, into the packing medium employed during golden seabream (Sparus aurata) canning. The quality parameters of the resulting canned fish were determined and compared to the initial fish and the control canned muscle. An important effect of the CI concentration introduced in the packing medium was proved. The presence in the packing medium of a relatively low CI concentration (CI-2 batch) led to a lower (p < 0.05) lipid oxidation development (fluorescent compound formation), lower (p < 0.05) changes of colour parameters (L* and a* values), and lower (p < 0.05) trimethylamine values in canned fish when compared to control canned samples. Additionally, the two lowest CI concentrations tested led to higher average values of C22:6ω3, ω3/ω6 ratios, and polyene index. On the contrary, the use of the most concentrated CI extract (CI-4 condition) led to a prooxidant effect (higher fluorescence ratio value). In agreement with environmental sustainability and circular economy requirements, the study can be considered the first approach to a novel and valuable use of the current marine byproduct for the quality enhancement of canned fish. On-coming research focused on the optimisation of the CI-extract concentration is envisaged.
Published: 2024
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29. Biomarker-based risk prediction for the onset of neuroinflammation in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophyResearch in context

Author: Isabelle Weinhofer, Paulus Rommer, Andreas Gleiss, Markus Ponleitner, Bettina Zierfuss, Petra Waidhofer-Söllner, Stéphane Fourcade, Katharina Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Marie-Christine Reinert, Jens Göpfert, Anne Heine, Hemmo A.F. Yska, Carlos Casasnovas, Verónica Cantarín, Caroline G. Bergner, Eric Mallack, Sonja Forss-Petter, Patrick Aubourg, Annette Bley, Marc Engelen, Florian Eichler, Troy C. Lund, Aurora Pujol, Wolfgang Köhler, Jörn-Sven Kühl, and Johannes Berger
Subjects: X-ALD, Neurodegeneration, Biomarker, Neurofilament light chain, Cytokines, GFAP, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is highly variable, ranging from slowly progressive adrenomyeloneuropathy to severe brain demyelination and inflammation (cerebral ALD, CALD) affecting males with childhood peak onset. Risk models integrating blood-based biomarkers to indicate CALD onset, enabling timely interventions, are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic value of blood biomarkers in addition to current neuroimaging predictors for early detection of CALD. Methods: We measured blood biomarkers in a retrospective, male CALD risk-assessment cohort consisting of 134 X-ALD patients and 66 controls and in a phenotype-blinded validation set (25 X-ALD boys, 4–13 years) using Simoa®and Luminex® technologies. Findings: Among 25 biomarkers indicating axonal damage, astrocye/microglia activation, or immune-cell recruitment, neurofilament light chain (NfL) had the highest prognostic value for early indication of childhood/adolescent CALD. A plasma NfL cut-off level of 8.33 pg/mL, determined in the assessment cohort, correctly discriminated CALD with an accuracy of 96% [95% CI: 80–100] in the validation group. Multivariable logistic regression models revealed that combining NfL with GFAP or cytokines/chemokines (IL-15, IL-12p40, CXCL8, CCL11, CCL22, and IL-4) that were significantly elevated in CALD vs healthy controls had no additional benefit for detecting neuroinflammation. Some cytokines/chemokines were elevated only in childhood/adolescent CALD and already upregulated in asymptomatic X-ALD children (IL-15, IL-12p40, and CCL7). In adults, NfL levels distinguished CALD but were lower than in childhood/adolescent CALD patients with similar (MRI) lesion severity. Blood GFAP did not differentiate CALD from non-inflammatory X-ALD. Interpretation: Biomarker-based risk prediction with a plasma NfL cut-off value of 8.33 pg/mL, determined by ROC analysis, indicates CALD onset with high sensitivity and specificity in childhood X-ALD patients. A specific pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profile in asymptomatic X-ALD boys may indicate a primed, immanent inflammatory state aligning with peak onset of CALD. Age-related differences in biomarker levels in adult vs childhood CALD patients warrants caution in predicting onset and progression of CALD in adults. Further evaluations are needed to assess clinical utility of the NfL cut-off for risk prognosis of CALD onset. Funding: Austrian Science Fund, European Leukodystrophy Association.
Published: 2023
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30. Community-driven research and capacity building to address environmental justice concerns with industrial air pollution in Curtis Bay, South Baltimore

Author: Matthew A. Aubourg, Greg Sawtell, Lauren Deanes, Nicole Fabricant, Meleny Thomas, Kristoffer Spicer, Caila Wagar, Shashawnda Campbell, Abigail Ulman, and Christopher D. Heaney
Subjects: community-driven research, capacity building, environmental justice (EJ), environmental racism, hyperlocal air monitoring, industrial air pollution, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: IntroductionCurtis Bay (CB) is an environmental justice (EJ) community in South Baltimore. With a high concentration of industrial polluters and compounding non-chemical stressors, CB has experienced socioeconomic, quality of life, and health burdens for over 100 years. Today, these polluters include the open-air CSX Coal Terminal, waste-to-energy incinerators, and heavy diesel traffic through residential areas. The Community of Curtis Bay Association, Free Your Voice, and South Baltimore Community Land Trust are local organizations enacting a vision for equitable, healthy, and community-led development without industrial encroachment. In response to community-identified EJ concerns and an explosion at the CSX Coal Terminal, CB community groups partnered with academic researchers to develop a community-driven hyperlocal air monitoring and capacity building approach. This paper describes this approach to characterizing hyperlocal air quality in CB, building bridges between community residents and regulatory agencies, and nurturing a cohesive and effective community-academic partnership toward EJ.MethodsUsing hyperlocal air monitoring, we are collecting real-time air pollution (particulate matter, black carbon, and ground-level gas species) and meteorological data from 15 low-cost sensors in residential and industrial areas of CB. We also use trail cameras to record activities at the CSX Coal Terminal. We merge air pollution and industrial activity data to evaluate the following: overall air quality in CB, multi-air pollutant profiles of elevated events, spatiotemporal changes in air quality in the community, patterns of industrial activity, and potential correlations between air quality and observed industrial activity. Members of our partnership also lead a high school course educating students about the history and ongoing efforts of the EJ movement in their community. Students in this course learn how to employ qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods to bring scientific support to community EJ concerns.Results and DiscussionOur hyperlocal air monitoring network and community-academic partnership are continuing to evolve and have already demonstrated the ability to respond to community-identified EJ issues with real-time data while developing future EJ leaders. Our reflections can assist other community and academic groups in developing strong and fruitful partnerships to address similar EJ issues.
Published: 2023
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31. Combined stereoscopic wave mapping and particle image velocimetry

Author: Aubourg, Quentin, Sommeria, Joel, Viboud, Samuel, and Mordant, Nicolas
Subjects: Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract: We describe a technique of image analysis providing the time resolved shape of a water surface simultaneously with the three-component velocity field on this surface. The method relies on a combination of stereoscopic surface mapping and stereoscopic three-component Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV), using a seeding of the free surface by small polystyrene particles. The method is applied to an experiment of `weak turbulence' in which random gravity waves interact in a weakly non-linear regime. Time resolved fields of the water elevation are compared to the velocity fields on the water surface, providing direct access to the non-linear advective effects. The precision of the method is evaluated by different criteria: tests on synthetic images, consistency between several camera pairs, comparison with capacity probes. The typical r.m.s. error corresponds to 0.3 pixel in surface elevation and time displacement for PIV, which corresponds to about 0.3 mm or 1 \% in relative precision for our field of view 2 x 1.5 m$^2$.
Published: 2019

32. Human behaviour directs household-level exposure to malaria vectors in Bandarban, Bangladesh

Author: Matthew A. Aubourg, Hasan Mohammad Al-Amin, Anoop Sunkara, Sanjna Chetan, April Monroe, Ching Swe Phru, Rashidul Haque, Wasif A. Khan, Allison Hendershot, Mohammad Shafiul Alam, and Neil F. Lobo
Subjects: Malaria, Human behaviour, Vector behaviour, Household exposure, Vector control, Spatiotemporal analysis, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Abstract Background Bangladesh has reduced malaria incidence and mortality by over 75% between 2010 and 2020. Widespread long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) distribution and use is one of the measures responsible for this success. Recalcitrant malaria hotspots within the Chittagong Hill Tracts districts suggest important drivers of malaria risk may remain uncharacterized. Methods Towards understanding how household-level human behaviour impacts exposure to mosquitoes, parallel human landing catches and human behavioural observations were conducted in four households for 6 months (May–October) over the rainy season in the Bandarban District. Analysis quantifies spatiotemporal human behaviour-adjusted exposure to Anopheles with and without LLINs. Results This small-scale operational study demonstrates that human spatial and temporal presence along with LLIN use drives exposure to Anopheles. Though the four households had both outdoor and indoor exposure, especially in the evening (1800–2000 h) and early morning (0400–0500 h), data points to household-based heterogeneity in malaria exposure even with similar LLIN access. Conclusion Incorporating human behaviour into exposure estimates can be used to understand the efficacy and limitations of local vector control strategies and identify gaps in protection, as well as where present intervention strategies may be optimized.
Published: 2022
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33. Sufentanil sublingual tablet system for enhanced recovery after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective observational case study

Author: Emmanuel Rineau, Benjamin Dumartinet, Emmanuel Samson, Apolline Dollfus, Corentin Aubourg, and Sigismond Lasocki
Subjects: Postoperative recovery, Postoperative pain, Prosthetic knee surgery, Sufentanil sublingual tablet systems, Patient-controlled analgesia, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Abstract Background Postoperative pain is one of the main factors that delays recovery after prosthetic knee surgery. The use of sufentanil sublingual tablet systems (SSTS) can effectively relieve postoperative pain, but their value in facilitating early mobilization has been little studied so far. Our aim here was to assess whether their use could facilitate recovery after knee arthroplasty in an enhanced recovery program. Case presentation In a prospective observational single-center study, thirty patients operated on for primary knee arthroplasty in the enhanced recovery pathway were included. Patients who received the SSTS (n=15) were compared with those who received an intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) (n=15). Our recovery program included in particular the use of an adductor canal block, periarticular infiltration of local anesthetic by the surgeon, removal of the venous cannula from the recovery room if possible, the use of an SSTS when available or an IV morphine PCA otherwise, and early physiotherapy. Recovery parameters including the Timed-Up and Go test, pain scores at rest and on exertion, knee flexions, complications, and lengths of hospital stay were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the postoperative opioid consumption in morphine equivalents was significantly greater in the SL-sufentanil group and these patients had their venous cannula removed earlier than in IV-morphine group. Conclusion In our center, the use of a SSTS was suitable for treating postoperative pain after knee arthroplasty, but it did not improve early recovery in comparison with a morphine PCA.
Published: 2022
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34. The Presence of Bioactive Compounds in European Eel (Anguilla anguilla) Skin: A Comparative Study with Edible Tissue

Author: Antía Bote, Marcos Trigo, Sidonia Martínez, and Santiago P. Aubourg
Subjects: European eel (Anguilla anguilla), skin, muscle, proteins, phospholipids, free sterols, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The presence of bioactive compounds in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) skin was studied. Proximate and lipid class compositions and analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile (individual FAs; FA groups, i.e., saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated; FA ratios, i.e., polyunsaturated/saturated, ω3/ω6) were determined and compared to the composition of the eel muscle. As a result, higher (p < 0.05) levels of proteins (271.6 g·kg−1), lipids (38.0 g·kg−1), ash (27.7 g·kg−1), and ω6 FAs were observed in the skin tissue. Contrary, the muscle tissue showed higher (p < 0.05) moisture, ω3 FA, and ω3/ω6 ratio values. Regarding lipid classes, a higher (p < 0.05) proportion of phospholipids (111.1 g·kg−1 lipids), free sterols (104.7 g·kg−1 lipids), α-tocopherol (274.0 mg·kg−1 lipids), and free FAs (43.6 g·kg−1 lipids) was observed in the skin tissue. No differences (p > 0.05) between both tissues could be detected for triacylglycerol and FA group (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated) values and for the polyunsaturated/saturated FA ratio. It is concluded that European eel skin, a by-product resulting from commercial processing, can be considered a valuable source for the food and pharmaceutical industries by providing value-added constituents such as proteins, lipids, ω3 FAs, phospholipids, and α-tocopherol.
Published: 2024
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35. Development of a pixelated STEM-in-SEM detector for microstructural features characterization

Author: Aubourg Julien, Bouzy Emmanuel, Guitton Antoine, Fundenberger Jean-Jacques, Zhang Yudong, Guyon Julien, and Morhain Luc
Subjects: electron microscopy, stem-in-sem, on-axis tkd, microstructures characterization, Microbiology, QR1-502, Physiology, QP1-981, Zoology, QL1-991
Published: 2024
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36. An Erwinia amylovora inducible promoter for improvement of apple fire blight resistance

Author: Gaucher, Matthieu, Righetti, Laura, Aubourg, Sébastien, Dugé de Bernonville, Thomas, Brisset, Marie-Noëlle, Chevreau, Elisabeth, and Vergne, Emilie
Published: 2022
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37. Chaos, decoherence and emergent extradimensions in D-brane dynamics with fluctuations

Author: Viennot, David and Aubourg, Lucile
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: We study, by using tools of the dynamical system theory, a fermionic string streched from a non-commutative D2-brane (stack of D0-branes in the BFSS model) to a probe D0-brane as a quantum system driven by a chaotic system, the (classical and quantum) chaos being induced in the D2-brane dynamics by quantum fluctuations. We show that this dynamics with fluctuations induces a decoherence phenomenon on the reduced density matrix of the fermionic string which is characteristic of the chaotic behaviour since it presents an horizon of coherence. Moreover we show that this dynamics is associated with an invariant torus which involves extradimensions emerging from the fluctuations for the viewpoint of the fermionic string, extending a three dimensional space by six compact dimensions. The situation studied can be considered as a model of qubit (supported by the fermionic string) in interaction with a quantum black hole (modelized by the non-commutative D2-brane).
Published: 2018

38. Schr\'odinger-Koopman quasienergy states of quantum systems driven by a classical flow

Author: Viennot, David and Aubourg, Lucile
Subjects: Mathematical Physics, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Quantum Physics
Abstract: We study the properties of the quasienergy states of a quantum system driven by a classical dynamical system. The quasienergies are defined in a same manner as in light-matter interaction but where the Floquet approach is generalized by the use of the Koopman approach of dynamical systems. We show how the properties of the classical flow (fixed and cyclic points, ergodicity, chaos) influence the driven quantum system. This approach of the Schr\"odinger-Koopman quasienergies can be applied to quantum control, quantum information in presence of noises, and dynamics of mixed classical-quantum systems. We treat the example of a kicked spin ensemble where the kick modulation is governed by discrete classical flows as the Arnold's cat map and the Chirikov standard map.
Published: 2018
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39. The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog: Fourteenth Data Release

Author: Pâris, I., Petitjean, P., Aubourg, E., Myers, A. D., Streblyanska, A., Lyke, B. W., Anderson, S. F., Armengaud, E., Bautista, J., Blanton, M. R., Blomqvist, M., Brinkmann, J., Brownstein, J. R., Brandt, W. N., Burtin, E., Dawson, K., de la Torre, S., Georgakakis, A., Gil-Marin, H., Green, P. J., Hall, P. B., Kneib, J. -P., LaMassa, S. M., Goff, J. -M. Le, MacLeod, C., Mariappan, V., McGreer, I. D., Merloni, A., Noterdaeme, P., Delabrouille, N. Palanque, Percival, W. J., Ross, A. J., Rossi, G., Schneider, D. P., Seo, H. -J., Tojeiro, R., Weaver, B. A., Weijmans, A. -M., Yèche, C., Zarrouk, P., and Zhao, G. -B.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the Data Release 14 Quasar catalog (DR14Q) from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV). This catalog includes all SDSS-IV/eBOSS objects that were spectroscopically targeted as quasar candidates and that are confirmed as quasars via a new automated procedure combined with a partial visual inspection of spectra, have luminosities $M_{\rm i} \left[ z=2 \right] < -20.5$ (in a $\Lambda$CDM cosmology with $H_0 = 70 \ {\rm km \ s^{-1} \ Mpc ^{-1}}$, $\Omega_{\rm M} = 0.3$, and $\Omega_{\rm \Lambda} = 0.7$), and either display at least one emission line with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) larger than $500 \ {\rm km \ s^{-1}}$ or, if not, have interesting/complex absorption features. The catalog also includes previously spectroscopically-confirmed quasars from SDSS-I, II and III. The catalog contains 526,356 quasars 144,046 are new discoveries since the beginning of SDSS-IV) detected over 9,376 deg$^2$ (2,044 deg$^2$ having new spectroscopic data available) with robust identification and redshift measured by a combination of principal component eigenspectra. The catalog is estimated to have about 0.5% contamination. The catalog identifies 21,877 broad absorption line quasars and lists their characteristics. For each object, the catalog presents SDSS five-band CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag. The catalog also contains X-ray, ultraviolet, near-infrared, and radio emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. The catalog is available at https://data.sdss.org/sas/dr14/eboss/qso/DR14Q/DR14Q_v4_4.fits
Published: 2017
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40. LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

Author: Ivezić, Željko, Kahn, Steven M, Tyson, J Anthony, Abel, Bob, Acosta, Emily, Allsman, Robyn, Alonso, David, AlSayyad, Yusra, Anderson, Scott F, Andrew, John, Angel, James Roger P, Angeli, George Z, Ansari, Reza, Antilogus, Pierre, Araujo, Constanza, Armstrong, Robert, Arndt, Kirk T, Astier, Pierre, Aubourg, Éric, Auza, Nicole, Axelrod, Tim S, Bard, Deborah J, Barr, Jeff D, Barrau, Aurelian, Bartlett, James G, Bauer, Amanda E, Bauman, Brian J, Baumont, Sylvain, Bechtol, Ellen, Bechtol, Keith, Becker, Andrew C, Becla, Jacek, Beldica, Cristina, Bellavia, Steve, Bianco, Federica B, Biswas, Rahul, Blanc, Guillaume, Blazek, Jonathan, Blandford, Roger D, Bloom, Josh S, Bogart, Joanne, Bond, Tim W, Booth, Michael T, Borgland, Anders W, Borne, Kirk, Bosch, James F, Boutigny, Dominique, Brackett, Craig A, Bradshaw, Andrew, Brandt, William Nielsen, Brown, Michael E, Bullock, James S, Burchat, Patricia, Burke, David L, Cagnoli, Gianpietro, Calabrese, Daniel, Callahan, Shawn, Callen, Alice L, Carlin, Jeffrey L, Carlson, Erin L, Chandrasekharan, Srinivasan, Charles-Emerson, Glenaver, Chesley, Steve, Cheu, Elliott C, Chiang, Hsin-Fang, Chiang, James, Chirino, Carol, Chow, Derek, Ciardi, David R, Claver, Charles F, Cohen-Tanugi, Johann, Cockrum, Joseph J, Coles, Rebecca, Connolly, Andrew J, Cook, Kem H, Cooray, Asantha, Covey, Kevin R, Cribbs, Chris, Cui, Wei, Cutri, Roc, Daly, Philip N, Daniel, Scott F, Daruich, Felipe, Daubard, Guillaume, Daues, Greg, Dawson, William, Delgado, Francisco, Dellapenna, Alfred, de Peyster, Robert, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Digel, Seth W, Doherty, Peter, Dubois, Richard, Dubois-Felsmann, Gregory P, Durech, Josef, Economou, Frossie, Eifler, Tim, Eracleous, Michael, Emmons, Benjamin L, and Neto, Angelo Fausti
Subjects: Astronomical Sciences, Physical Sciences, astrometry, cosmology: observations, Galaxy: general, methods: observational, stars: general, surveys, astro-ph, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract: We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the solar system, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a large, wide-field ground-based system designed to obtain repeated images covering the sky visible from Cerro Pachón in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg 2 field of view, a 3.2-gigapixel camera, and six filters (ugrizy) covering the wavelength range 320-1050 nm. The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. About 90% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode that will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg 2 region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 yr of operations and will yield a co-added map to r ∼27.5. These data will result in databases including about 32 trillion observations of 20 billion galaxies and a similar number of stars, and they will serve the majority of the primary science programs. The remaining 10% of the observing time will be allocated to special projects such as Very Deep and Very Fast time domain surveys, whose details are currently under discussion. We illustrate how the LSST science drivers led to these choices of system parameters, and we describe the expected data products and their characteristics.
Published: 2019

41. Identification of TMEM129, encoding a ubiquitin-protein ligase, as an effector gene of osteoarthritis genetic risk

Author: Abby Brumwell, Guillaume Aubourg, Juhel Hussain, Eleanor Parker, David J. Deehan, Sarah J. Rice, and John Loughlin
Subjects: Genetics, Epigenetics, DNA methylation, Epigenome editing, TMEM129, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Osteoarthritis is highly heritable and genome-wide studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the disease. One such locus is marked by SNP rs11732213 (T > C). Genotype at rs11732213 correlates with the methylation levels of nearby CpG dinucleotides (CpGs), forming a methylation quantitative trait locus (mQTL). This study investigated the regulatory activity of the CpGs to identify a target gene of the locus. Methods Nucleic acids were extracted from the articular cartilage of osteoarthritis patients. Samples were genotyped, and DNA methylation was quantified by pyrosequencing at 14 CpGs within a 259-bp interval. CpGs were tested for enhancer effects in immortalised chondrocytes using a reporter gene assay. DNA methylation at the locus was altered using targeted epigenome editing, with the impact on gene expression determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results rs11732213 genotype correlated with DNA methylation at nine CpGs, which formed a differentially methylated region (DMR), with the osteoarthritis risk allele T corresponding to reduced levels of methylation. The DMR acted as an enhancer and demethylation of the CpGs altered expression of TMEM129. Allelic imbalance in TMEM129 expression was identified in cartilage, with under-expression of the risk allele. Conclusions TMEM129 is a target of osteoarthritis genetic risk at this locus. Genotype at rs11732213 impacts DNA methylation at the enhancer, which, in turn, modulates TMEM129 expression. TMEM129 encodes an enzyme involved in protein degradation within the endoplasmic reticulum, a process previously implicated in osteoarthritis. TMEM129 is a compelling osteoarthritis susceptibility target.
Published: 2022
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42. Identification of TMEM129, encoding a ubiquitin-protein ligase, as an effector gene of osteoarthritis genetic risk

Author: Brumwell, Abby, Aubourg, Guillaume, Hussain, Juhel, Parker, Eleanor, Deehan, David J., Rice, Sarah J., and Loughlin, John
Published: 2022
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43. Accuracy and tolerability of self-sampling of capillary blood for analysis of inflammation and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients—results from a randomized controlled trial

Author: Knitza, Johannes, Tascilar, Koray, Vuillerme, Nicolas, Eimer, Ekaterina, Matusewicz, Paul, Corte, Giulia, Schuster, Louis, Aubourg, Timothée, Bendzuck, Gerlinde, Korinth, Marianne, Elling-Audersch, Corinna, Kleyer, Arnd, Boeltz, Sebastian, Hueber, Axel J., Krönke, Gerhard, Schett, Georg, and Simon, David
Published: 2022
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44. Sufentanil sublingual tablet system for enhanced recovery after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective observational case study

Author: Rineau, Emmanuel, Dumartinet, Benjamin, Samson, Emmanuel, Dollfus, Apolline, Aubourg, Corentin, and Lasocki, Sigismond
Published: 2022
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45. Human behaviour directs household-level exposure to malaria vectors in Bandarban, Bangladesh

Author: Aubourg, Matthew A., Al-Amin, Hasan Mohammad, Sunkara, Anoop, Chetan, Sanjna, Monroe, April, Phru, Ching Swe, Haque, Rashidul, Khan, Wasif A., Hendershot, Allison, Alam, Mohammad Shafiul, and Lobo, Neil F.
Published: 2022
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46. Accuracy and tolerability of self-sampling of capillary blood for analysis of inflammation and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients—results from a randomized controlled trial

Author: Johannes Knitza, Koray Tascilar, Nicolas Vuillerme, Ekaterina Eimer, Paul Matusewicz, Giulia Corte, Louis Schuster, Timothée Aubourg, Gerlinde Bendzuck, Marianne Korinth, Corinna Elling-Audersch, Arnd Kleyer, Sebastian Boeltz, Axel J. Hueber, Gerhard Krönke, Georg Schett, and David Simon
Subjects: Self-sampling, Capillary blood, Rheumatoid arthritis, Disease activity, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract: Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) requires early diagnosis and tight surveillance of disease activity. Remote self-collection of blood for the analysis of inflammation markers and autoantibodies could improve the monitoring of RA and facilitate the identification of individuals at-risk for RA. Objective Randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the accuracy, feasibility, and acceptability of an upper arm self-sampling device (UA) and finger prick-test (FP) to measure capillary blood from RA patients for C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the presence of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF IgM) and anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies (anti-CCP IgG). Methods RA patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to self-collection of capillary blood via UA or FP. Venous blood sampling (VBS) was performed as a gold standard in both groups to assess the concordance of CRP levels as well as RF IgM and CCP IgG. General acceptability and pain during sampling were measured and compared between UA, FP, and VBS. The number of attempts for successful sampling, requests for assistance, volume, and duration of sample collection were also assessed. Results Fifty seropositive RA patients were included. 49/50 (98%) patients were able to successfully collect capillary blood. The overall agreement between capillary and venous analyses for CRP (0.992), CCP IgG (0.984), and RF IgM (0.994) were good. In both groups, 4/25 (16%) needed a second attempt and 8/25 (32%) in the UA and 7/25 (28%) in the FP group requested assistance. Mean pain scores for capillary self-sampling (1.7/10 ± 1.1 (UA) and 1.9/10 ± 1.9 (FP)) were significantly lower on a numeric rating scale compared to venous blood collection (UA: 2.8/10 ± 1.7; FP: 2.1 ± 2.0) (p=0.003). UA patients were more likely to promote the use of capillary blood sampling (net promoter score: +28% vs. −20% for FP) and were more willing to perform blood collection at home (60% vs. 32% for FP). Conclusions These data show that self-sampling is accurate and feasible within one attempt by the majority of patients without assistance, allowing tight monitoring of RA disease activity as well as identifying individuals at-risk for RA. RA patients seem to prefer upper arm-based self-sampling to traditional finger pricking. Trial registration DRKS.de Identifier: DRKS00023526 . Registered on November 6, 2020.
Published: 2022
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47. 3-wave and 4-wave interactions in gravity wave turbulence

Author: Aubourg, Quentin, Campagne, Antoine, Peureux, Charles, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Sommeria, Joel, Viboud, Samuel, and Mordant, Nicolas
Subjects: Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract: The Weak Turbulence Theory is a statistical framework to describe a large ensemble of nonlinearly interacting waves. The archetypal example of such system is the ocean surface that is made of interacting surface gravity waves. Here we describe a laboratory experiment dedicated to probe the statistical properties of turbulent gravity waves. We setup an isotropic state of interacting gravity waves in the Coriolis facility (13~m diameter circular wave tank) by exciting waves at 1~Hz by wedge wavemakers. We implement a stereoscopic technique to obtain a measurement of the surface elevation that is resolved both in space and time. Fourier analysis shows that the laboratory spectra are systematically steeper than the theoretical predictions and than the field observations in the Black Sea by Leckler {\it et al. JPO} 2015. We identify a strong impact of surface dissipation on the scaling of the Fourier spectrum at the scales that are accessible in the experiments. We use bicoherence and tricoherence statistical tools in frequency and/or wavevector space to identify the active nonlinear coupling. These analyses are also performed on the field data by Leckler {\it et al.} for comparison with the laboratory data. 3-wave coupling are characterized and shown to involve mostly quasi resonances of waves with second or higher order harmonics. 4-wave coupling are not observed in the laboratory but are evidenced in the field data. We finally discuss temporal scale separation to explain our observations., Comment: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Fluids
Published: 2017

48. Scientific Synergy Between LSST and Euclid

Author: Rhodes, Jason, Nichol, Robert C., Aubourg, Éric, Bean, Rachel, Boutigny, Dominique, Bremer, Malcolm N., Capak, Peter, Cardone, Vincenzo, Carry, Benoît, Conselice, Christopher J., Connolly, Andrew J., Cuillandre, Jean-Charles, Hatch, N. A., Helou, George, Hemmati, Shoubaneh, Hildebrandt, Hendrik, Hložek, Renée, Jones, Lynne, Kahn, Steven, Kiessling, Alina, Kitching, Thomas, Lupton, Robert, Mandelbaum, Rachel, Markovic, Katarina, Marshall, Phil, Massey, Richard, Maughan, Ben J., Melchior, Peter, Mellier, Yannick, Newman, Jeffrey A., Robertson, Brant, Sauvage, Marc, Schrabback, Tim, Smith, Graham P., Strauss, Michael A., Taylor, Andy, and Von Der Linden, Anja
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Euclid and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) are poised to dramatically change the astronomy landscape early in the next decade. The combination of high cadence, deep, wide-field optical photometry from LSST with high resolution, wide-field optical photometry and near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy from Euclid will be powerful for addressing a wide range of astrophysical questions. We explore Euclid/LSST synergy, ignoring the political issues associated with data access to focus on the scientific, technical, and financial benefits of coordination. We focus primarily on dark energy cosmology, but also discuss galaxy evolution, transient objects, solar system science, and galaxy cluster studies. We concentrate on synergies that require coordination in cadence or survey overlap, or would benefit from pixel-level co-processing that is beyond the scope of what is currently planned, rather than scientific programs that could be accomplished only at the catalog level without coordination in data processing or survey strategies. We provide two quantitative examples of scientific synergies: the decrease in photo-z errors (benefitting many science cases) when high resolution Euclid data are used for LSST photo-z determination, and the resulting increase in weak lensing signal-to-noise ratio from smaller photo-z errors. We briefly discuss other areas of coordination, including high performance computing resources and calibration data. Finally, we address concerns about the loss of independence and potential cross-checks between the two missions and potential consequences of not collaborating., Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures, to appear in ApJS, revised with additional references and minor corrections
Published: 2017
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49. The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

Author: Abolfathi, Bela, Aguado, D. S., Aguilar, Gabriela, Prieto, Carlos Allende, Almeida, Andres, Ananna, Tonima Tasnim, Anders, Friedrich, Anderson, Scott F., Andrews, Brett H., Anguiano, Borja, Aragon-Salamanca, Alfonso, Argudo-Fernandez, Maria, Armengaud, Eric, Ata, Metin, Aubourg, Eric, Avila-Reese, Vladimir, Badenes, Carles, Bailey, Stephen, Balland, Christophe, Barger, Kathleen A., Barrera-Ballesteros, Jorge, Bartosz, Curtis, Bastien, Fabienne, Bates, Dominic, Baumgarten, Falk, Bautista, Julian, Beaton, Rachael, Beers, Timothy C., Belfiore, Francesco, Bender, Chad F., Bernardi, Mariangela, Bershady, Matthew A., Beutler, Florian, Bird, Jonathan C., Bizyaev, Dmitry, Blanc, Guillermo A., Blanton, Michael R., Blomqvist, Michael, Bolton, Adam S., Boquien, Mederic, Borissova, Jura, Bovy, Jo, Diaz, Christian Andres Bradna, Brandt, William Nielsen, Brinkmann, Jonathan, Brownstein, Joel R., Bundy, Kevin, Burgasser, Adam J., Burtin, Etienne, Busca, Nicolas G., Canas, Caleb I., Cano-Diaz, Mariana, Cappellari, Michele, Carrera, Ricardo, Casey, Andrew R., Sodi, Bernardo Cervantes, Chen, Yanping, Cherinka, Brian, Chiappini, Cristina, Choi, Peter Doohyun, Chojnowski, Drew, Chuang, Chia-Hsun, Chung, Haeun, Clerc, Nicolas, Cohen, Roger E., Comerford, Julia M., Comparat, Johan, Nascimento, Janaina Correa do, da Costa, Luiz, Cousinou, Marie-Claude, Covey, Kevin, Crane, Jeffrey D., Cruz-Gonzalez, Irene, Cunha, Katia, Ilha, Gabriele da Silva, Damke, Guillermo J., Darling, Jeremy, Davidson Jr., James W., Dawson, Kyle, Lizaola, Miguel Angel C. de Icaza, de la Macorra, Axel, de la Torre, Sylvain, De Lee, Nathan, Agathe, Victoria de Sainte, Machado, Alice Deconto, Dell'Agli, Flavia, Delubac, Timothee, Diamond-Stanic, Aleksandar M., Donor, John, Downes, Juan Jose, Drory, Niv, Bourboux, Helion du Mas des, Duckworth, Christopher J., Dwelly, Tom, Dyer, Jamie, Ebelke, Garrett, Eigenbrot, Arthur Davis, Eisenstein, Daniel J., Elsworth, Yvonne P., Emsellem, Eric, Eracleous, Mike, Erfanianfar, Ghazaleh, Escoffier, Stephanie, Fan, Xiaohui, Alvar, Emma Fernandez, Fernandez-Trincado, J. G., Cirolini, Rafael Fernando, Feuillet, Diane, Finoguenov, Alexis, Fleming, Scott W., Font-Ribera, Andreu, Freischlad, Gordon, Frinchaboy, Peter, Fu, Hai, Chew, Yilen Gomez Maqueo, Galbany, Lluis, Perez, Ana E. Garcia, Garcia-Dias, R., Garcia-Hernandez, D. A., Oehmichen, Luis Alberto Garma, Gaulme, Patrick, Gelfand, Joseph, Gil-Marin, Hector, Gillespie, Bruce A., Goddard, Daniel, Hernandez, Jonay I. Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Perez, Violeta, Grabowski, Kathleen, Green, Paul J., Grier, Catherine J., Gueguen, Alain, Guo, Hong, Guy, Julien, Hagen, Alex, Hall, Patrick, Harding, Paul, Hasselquist, Sten, Hawley, Suzanne, Hayes, Christian R., Hearty, Fred, Hekker, Saskia, Hernandez, Jesus, Toledo, Hector Hernandez, Hogg, David W., Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly, Holtzman, Jon, Hou, Jiamin, Hsieh, Bau-Ching, Hunt, Jason A. S., Hutchinson, Timothy A., Hwang, Ho Seong, Angel, Camilo Eduardo Jimenez, Johnson, Jennifer A., Jones, Amy, Jonsson, Henrik, Jullo, Eric, Khan, Fahim Sakil, Kinemuchi, Karen, Kirkby, David, Kirkpatrick IV, Charles C., Kitaura, Francisco-Shu, Knapp, Gillian R., Kneib, Jean-Paul, Kollmeier, Juna A., Lacerna, Ivan, Lane, Richard R., Lang, Dustin, Law, David R., Goff, Jean-Marc Le, Lee, Young-Bae, Li, Hongyu, Li, Cheng, Lian, Jianhui, Liang, Yu, Lima, Marcos, Lin, Lihwai, Long, Dan, Lucatello, Sara, Lundgren, Britt, Mackereth, J. Ted, MacLeod, Chelsea L., Mahadevan, Suvrath, Maia, Marcio Antonio Geimba, Majewski, Steven, Manchado, Arturo, Maraston, Claudia, Mariappan, Vivek, Marques-Chaves, Rui, Masseron, Thomas, Masters, Karen L., McDermid, Richard M., McGreer, Ian D., Melendez, Matthew, Meneses-Goytia, Sofia, Merloni, Andrea, Merrifield, Michael R., Meszaros, Szabolcs, Meza, Andres, Minchev, Ivan, Minniti, Dante, Mueller, Eva-Maria, Muller-Sanchez, Francisco, Muna, Demitri, Munoz, Ricardo R., Myers, Adam D., Nair, Preethi, Nandra, Kirpal, Ness, Melissa, Newman, Jeffrey A., Nichol, Robert C., Nidever, David L., Nitschelm, Christian, Noterdaeme, Pasquier, O'Connell, Julia, Oelkers, Ryan James, Oravetz, Audrey, Oravetz, Daniel, Ortiz, Erik Aquino, Osorio, Yeisson, Pace, Zach, Padilla, Nelson, Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie, Palicio, Pedro Alonso, Pan, Hsi-An, Pan, Kaike, Parikh, Taniya, Paris, Isabelle, Park, Changbom, Peirani, Sebastien, Pellejero-Ibanez, Marcos, Penny, Samantha, Percival, Will J., Perez-Fournon, Ismael, Petitjean, Patrick, Pieri, Matthew M., Pinsonneault, Marc, Pisani, Alice, Prada, Francisco, Prakash, Abhishek, Queiroz, Anna Barbara de Andrade, Raddick, M. Jordan, Raichoor, Anand, Rembold, Sandro Barboza, Richstein, Hannah, Riffel, Rogemar A., Riffel, Rogerio, Rix, Hans-Walter, Robin, Annie C., Torres, Sergio Rodriguez, Roman-Zuniga, Carlos, Ross, Ashley J., Rossi, Graziano, Ruan, John, Ruggeri, Rossana, Ruiz, Jose, Salvato, Mara, Sanchez, Ariel G., Sanchez, Sebastian F., Almeida, Jorge Sanchez, Sanchez-Gallego, Jose R., Rojas, Felipe Antonio Santana, Santiago, Basilio Xavier, Schiavon, Ricardo P., Schimoia, Jaderson S., Schlafly, Edward, Schlegel, David, Schneider, Donald P., Schuster, William J., Schwope, Axel, Seo, Hee-Jong, Serenelli, Aldo, Shen, Shiyin, Shen, Yue, Shetrone, Matthew, Shull, Michael, Aguirre, Victor Silva, Simon, Joshua D., Skrutskie, Mike, Slosar, Anze, Smethurst, Rebecca, Smith, Verne, Sobeck, Jennifer, Somers, Garrett, Souter, Barbara J., Souto, Diogo, Spindler, Ashley, Stark, David V., Stassun, Keivan, Steinmetz, Matthias, Stello, Dennis, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, Streblyanska, Alina, Stringfellow, Guy, Suarez, Genaro, Sun, Jing, Szigeti, Laszlo, Taghizadeh-Popp, Manuchehr, Talbot, Michael S., Tang, Baitian, Tao, Charling, Tayar, Jamie, Tembe, Mita, Teske, Johanna, Thaker, Aniruddha R., Thomas, Daniel, Tissera, Patricia, Tojeiro, Rita, Tremonti, Christy, Troup, Nicholas W., Urry, Meg, Valenzuela, O., Bosch, Remco van den, Vargas-Gonzalez, Jaime, Vargas-Magana, Mariana, Vazquez, Jose Alberto, Villanova, Sandro, Vogt, Nicole, Wake, David, Wang, Yuting, Weaver, Benjamin Alan, Weijmans, Anne-Marie, Weinberg, David H., Westfall, Kyle B., Whelan, David G., Wilcots, Eric, Wild, Vivienne, Williams, Rob A., Wilson, John, Wood-Vasey, W. M., Wylezalek, Dominika, Xiao, Ting, Yan, Renbin, Yang, Meng, Ybarra, Jason E., Yeche, Christophe, Zakamska, Nadia, Zamora, Olga, Zarrouk, Pauline, Zasowski, Gail, Zhang, Kai, Zhao, Cheng, Zhao, Gong-Bo, Zheng, Zheng, Zhou, Zhi-Min, Zhu, Guangtun, Zinn, Joel C., and Zou, Hu
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V., Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected)
Published: 2017
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50. Cosmological constraints from a joint analysis of cosmic microwave background and spectroscopic tracers of the large-scale structure

Author: Doux, Cyrille, Penna-Lima, Mariana, Vitenti, Sandro D. P., Tréguer, Julien, Aubourg, Eric, and Ganga, Ken
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The standard model of cosmology, {\Lambda}CDM, is the simplest model that matches the current observations, but it relies on two hypothetical components, to wit, dark matter and dark energy. Future galaxy surveys and cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments will independently shed light on these components, but a joint analysis that includes cross-correlations will be necessary to extract as much information as possible from the observations. In this paper, we carry out a multi-probe analysis based on pseudo-spectra and test it on publicly available data sets. We use CMB temperature anisotropies and CMB lensing observations from Planck as well as the spectroscopic galaxy and quasar samples of SDSS-III/BOSS, taking advantage of the large areas covered by these surveys. We build a likelihood to simultaneously analyse the auto and cross spectra of CMB lensing and tracer overdensity maps before running Monte-Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) to assess the constraining power of the combined analysis. We then add the CMB temperature anisotropies likelihood and obtain constraints on cosmological parameters ($H_0$, $\omega_b$, $\omega_c$, ${\ln10^{10}A_s}$, $n_s$ and $z_{re}$) and galaxy biases. We demonstrate that the joint analysis can additionally constrain the total mass of neutrinos ${\Sigma m_{\nu}}$ as well as the dark energy equation of state $w$ at once (for a total of eight cosmological parameters), which is impossible with either of the data sets considered separately. Finally, we discuss limitations of the analysis related to, e.g., the theoretical precision of the models, particularly in the non-linear regime., Comment: Major modifications (including data cuts) following reviewer's comments. Matches version accepted in MNRAS. The NumCosmo library is available at https://numcosmo.github.io
Published: 2017
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