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Use of Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry is demonstrated for control of a digital elevation model (DEM) that is synthesized from repeat-pass ERS-1 and 2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery using interferometric SAR (InSAR). Our study area is 15 650 [km.sup.2] of the Barrow, AK coastal plain adjacent to the Arctic Ocean; a vast expanse of tundra, lakes, and arctic wetlands of such low relief as to be nearly devoid of terrain features. The accuracy of the ICESat-derived elevation measurements is assessed by comparison with differential global positioning system (DGPS) data acquired along ICESat ground tracks. The ICESat-derived elevations have a mean accuracy, relative to the DGPS elevations, of -0.01 [+ or -] 0.18 m. ICESat-derived elevations on the Arctic coastal plain provide an excellent source for DEM control. We employ the ICESat-derived ground control points (GCPs) in two distinct InSAR processing steps: 1) selected points are used to perform baseline refinements, which improves the ERS-1 and 2 interferograms and 2) the ICESat-derived GCP position data (latitude, longitude, elevation) are then used as control in mosaicking multiple InSAR-derived DEMs. The resulting ICESat-controlled DEM has a mean accuracy of -1.11 [+ or -] 6.3 m relative to an independent standard, which is a commercial airborne InSAR-derived DEM having 0.5 m rms accuracy. This easily meets DTED-2 standards and suggests that DEMs derived using only ICESat altimetry for ground control would meet similar standards in other regions of low relief. Index Terms--Global positioning system, interferometry, terrain mapping, satellite applications, synthetic aperture (RADAR).

Use of Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry is demonstrated for control of a digital elevation model (DEM) that is synthesized from repeat-pass ERS-1 and 2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery using interferometric SAR (InSAR). Our study area is 15650 km2 of the Barrow, AK coastal plain adjacent to the Arctic Ocean; a vast expanse of tundra, lakes, and arctic wetlands of such low relief as to be nearly devoid of terrain features. The accuracy of the ICESat-derived elevation measurements is assessed by comparison with differential global positioning system (DGPS) data acquired along ICESat ground tracks. The ICESat-derived elevations have a mean accuracy, relative to the DGPS elevations, of -0.01 ± 0.18 m. ICESat-derived elevations on the Arctic coastal plain provide an excellent source for DEM control. We employ the ICESat-derived ground control points (GCPs) in two distinct InSAR processing steps: 1) selected points are used to perform baseline refinements, which improves the ERS-1 and 2 interferograms and 2) the ICESat-derived GCP position data (latitude, longitude, elevation) are then used as control in mosaicking multiple InSAR-derived DEMs. The resulting ICESat-controlled DEM has a mean accuracy of -1.11 ± 6.3 m relative to an independent standard, which is a commercial airborne InSAR-derived DEM having 0.5 m rms accuracy. This easily meets DTED-2 standards and suggests that DEMs derived using only ICESat altimetry for ground control would meet similar standards in other regions of low relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]