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The path dependence of adiabatic evolution in classical harmonic chains with clamps is examined. It is shown that cutting and joining a chain may braid adiabatic normal mode frequencies. Accordingly, different adiabatic paths with the same endpoints may transport a normal mode to a different one, and an adiabatic cycle pumps action variables, i.e., the adiabatic invariants of integrable classical systems. Another adiabatic pump for artificial edge modes induced by clamps is shown as an application. Extensions to completely integrable systems and quantum systems are outlined., Improved explanations, added references, and corrected typos; 6pages, 3 figures

It is shown that the ground state of weakly interacting Bose particles in a quasi one-dimensional box trap can be converted into an excited stationary state by an adiabatic cyclic operation that involves a quench of interaction strength: A sharp impurity potential is applied and its strength is varied during the cycle, which induces a nonequilibrium stationary state exhibiting the inversion of population. This process is robust in the sense that the resultant stationary state is almost independent of the details of the cycle, such as the position of the impurity as long as the cycle is far enough from critical regions. The case of the failure of the population inversion due to the strong interparticle interactions is also examined., Comment: 8 pages, 7figures

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of vitrectomy in granulomatous uveitis and nongranulomatous uveitis insufficiently managed by immunosuppressive therapy. Methods: Thirty-eight eyes with granulomatous uveitis and 17 eyes with nongranulomatous uveitis that underwent vitrectomy for ocular complications between July 2006 and August 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Visual acuity and ocular inflammation scores before and 6 months after surgery were compared. Patients treated with vitrectomy alone and those in whom vitrectomy was combined with phacoemulsification were analyzed separately. Results: The mean visual acuity improved significantly both in granulomatous and nongranulomatous uveitis. In granulomatous uveitis, the mean inflammation scores decreased significantly both in the anterior segment and in the posterior segment. In nongranulomatous uveitis, the mean inflammation score in the posterior segment decreased significantly, although it did not change in the anterior segment. Conclusion: Vitrectomy was effective for treating ocular complications both in granulomatous uveitis and nongranulomatous uveitis, with favorable outcomes of improved visual acuity and decreased uveitis activity.

We study a family of closed quantum graphs described by one singular vertex of order n = 4. By suitable choice of the parameters specifying the singular vertex, we can construct a closed path in the parameter space that physically corresponds to the smooth interpolation of different topologies - a ring, separate two lines, separate two rings, two rings with a contact point. We find that the spectrum of a quantum particle on this family of graphs shows quantum holonomy.

There are limited data on the natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in children. We aimed to describe the disease characteristics and long-term outcomes of pediatric PSC. We retrospectively collected all pediatric PSC cases from 36 participating institutions and conducted a survival analysis from the date of PSC diagnosis to dates of diagnosis of portal hypertensive or biliary complications, cholangiocarcinoma, liver transplantation, or death. We analyzed patients grouped by disease phenotype and laboratory studies at diagnosis to identify objective predictors of long-term outcome. We identified 781 patients, median age 12 years, with 4,277 person-years of follow-up; 33% with autoimmune hepatitis, 76% with inflammatory bowel disease, and 13% with small duct PSC. Portal hypertensive and biliary complications developed in 38% and 25%, respectively, after 10 years of disease. Once these complications developed, median survival with native liver was 2.8 and 3.5 years, respectively. Cholangiocarcinoma occurred in 1%. Overall event-free survival was 70% at 5 years and 53% at 10 years. Patient groups with the most elevated total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index at diagnosis had the worst outcomes. In multivariate analysis PSC–inflammatory bowel disease and small duct phenotypes were associated with favorable prognosis (hazard ratios 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.5-0.9, and 0.7, 95% confidence interval 0.5-0.96, respectively). Age, gender, and autoimmune hepatitis overlap did not impact long-term outcome. Conclusion: PSC has a chronic, progressive course in children, and nearly half of patients develop an adverse liver outcome after 10 years of disease; elevations in bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index at diagnosis can identify patients at highest risk; small duct PSC and PSC–inflammatory bowel disease are more favorable disease phenotypes. (Hepatology 2017;66:518–527).

An adiabatic change of a bound state along a closed circuit in the parameter space can induces holonomies not only in the phase of the state, but also in the associated eigenspace and eigenvalue. The former is the well-known Berry phase while the latter, namely the exotic holonomy, is found a decade ago and its origin has not been understood yet. By extending the parameter into the complex number, the correspondence of the exotic holonomies and the degeneracy of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, or the exceptional points, is revealed. We show that this explains all the known non-trivial characteristics of the exotic holonomies., 4 pages, 1 figure

A periodic change of slow environmental parameters of a quantum system induces quantum holonomy. The phase holonomy is a well-known example. Another is a more exotic kind that exhibits eigenvalue and eigenspace holonomies. We introduce a theoretical formulation that describes the phase and eigenspace holonomies on an equal footing. The building block of the theory is a gauge connection for an ordered basis, which is conceptually distinct from Mead-Truhlar-Berry's connection and its Wilczek-Zee extension. A gauge invariant treatment of eigenspace holonomy based on Fujikawa's formalism is developed. Example of adiabatic quantum holonomy, including the exotic kind with spectral degeneracy, are shown., Comment: 24pages; To be published in Ann. Phys. (N.Y.); Corrected typos

The interplay between chaotic tunneling and dynamical localization in mixed phase space is investigated. Semiclassical analysis using complex classical orbits reveals that tunneling through torus regions and transport in chaotic regions are not independent processes, rather they are strongly correlated and described by complex orbits with both properties. This predicts a phenomenon analogous to the quantum suppression of classical diffusion: chaotic tunneling is suppressed as a result of dynamical localization in chaotic regions. This hypothesis is confirmed by numerical experiments where the effect of destructive interference is attenuated., 10 pages, 4 figures

We show that an adiabatic cycle excites Bose particles confined in a one-dimensional box. During the adiabatic cycle, a wall described by a $\delta$-shaped potential is applied and its strength and position are slowly varied. When the system is initially prepared in the ground state, namely, in the zero-temperature equilibrium state, the adiabatic cycle brings all bosons into the first excited one-particle state, leaving the system in a nonequilibrium state. The absorbed energy during the cycle is proportional to the number of bosons., Comment: Improved explanations, added references, and corrected typos; 5pages, 5figures

The structure of the semiclassical Feynman kernel in the coherent state representation is studied. The analysis is focused on classically realizable (i.e. real-valued) trajectories, whose contributions to the semiclassical kernel persist in the limit → 0. A smooth deformation of the real-valued guiding trajectory that starts from the center of the “initial” coherent state and obeys the Hamilton equation induces complex-valued trajectories that contribute to the semiclassical kernel “linearized” around the guiding trajectory. The linearized semiclassical kernel describes Heller’s Gaussian wavepacket dynamics (GWD). Two mechanisms that break the GWD approximation are studied in terms of the semiclassical coherent state path integral. The rate at which a caustic approaches the guiding trajectory is estimated. In addition, the deviation of the semiclassical kernel from a Gaussian shape is estimated, with the assumption that the influence of caustics is negligible. These results provide an estimation of departure times between classical and quantum evolutions. In particular, for classically integrable systems, the present argument elucidates that the departure time due to caustics is much larger than that due to the deviation from a Gaussian shape. Furthermore, a disagreement between the estimations of the departure times obtained from the Husimi representation and the Wigner representation is pointed out.

It is shown that adiabatic cycles excite a quantum particle, which is confined in a one-dimensional region and is initially in an eigenstate. During the cycle, an infinitely sharp wall is applied and varied its strength and position. After the completion of the cycle, the state of the particle arrives another eigenstate. It is also shown that we may vary the final adiabatic state by choosing the parameters of the cycle. With a combination of these adiabatic cycles, we can connect an arbitrary pair of eigenstates. Hence, these cycles may be regarded as basis of the adiabatic excitations. A detailed argument is provided for the case that the particle is confined by an infinite square well. This is an example of exotic quantum holonomy in Hamiltonian systems., Comment: Changed title and other minor points; 6 pages, 4 figures

Aharonov-Albert-Vaidman's weak values are investigated by a semiclassical method. Examples of the semiclassical calculation that reproduces "anomalous" weak values are shown. Furthermore, a complex extension of Ehrenfest's quantum-classical correspondence between quantum expectation values of the states with small quantum fluctuation, and classical dynamics, is shown., Comment: To appear in Phys. Lett. A

The correspondence between exotic quantum holonomy that occurs in families of Hermitian cycles, and exceptional points (EPs) for non-Hermitian quantum theory is examined in quantum kicked tops. Under a suitable condition, an explicit expressions of the adiabatic parameter dependencies of quasienergies and stationary states, which exhibit anholonomies, are obtained. It is also shown that the quantum kicked tops with the complexified adiabatic parameter have a higher order EP, which is broken into lower order EPs with the application of small perturbations. The stability of exotic holonomy against such bifurcation is demonstrated., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. Improved explanations and added references (v2). Fixed typo (v3)

We examine a parametric cycle in the N-body Lieb-Liniger model that starts from the free system and goes through Tonks-Girardeau and super-Tonks-Girardeau regimes and comes back to the free system. We show the existence of exotic quantum holonomy, whose detailed workings are analysed with the specific sample of two- and three body systems. The classification of eigenstates based on clustering structure naturally emerges from the analysis., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; v2: published version, appendices added, fixed typos

The effect of nonlinear dynamics on quantum correlations is studied by using the spin-kicked rotor, as a model system, which consists of a two-level system and a kicked rotor. Quantum-mechanical entangled states between the two-level system and the rotor form `tunnelling' doublets when the corresponding classical dynamics of the rotor is regular. In contrast to this, chaotic dynamics of the rotor makes chaotic entangled states after the destruction of these tunnelling doublets.

The concentration of lead in bark pockets of tree trunks was investigated for its potential use as an archival indicator of pollution. The bark pockets investigated were those of a conifer, Cryptomeria japonica , formed around 1760–1780 (235–255 years ago) at Nikko about 100 km north of Tokyo, and around 1786–1809 (186–209 years ago) on Yakushima Island, located in a remote southern region of Japan. The lead concentrations in these C. japonica bark pockets, representing the total lead accumulation during a period of about 20 years at each site, were 0.1 μg Pb g −1 at Nikko and 0.22 μg Pb g −1 at Yakushima. In contrast, the lead concentration in the outer bark of C. japonica at the present time is about 150 μg Pb g −1 at Nikko (1990) and 1.4 μg Pb g −1 at Yakushima (1992). The use of leaded gasoline, the main source of lead in the atmosphere, was initiated in Japan in 1949 and reached a maximum during 1960–1965. As the production of leaded gasoline was stopped in 1987, the lead concentration in the outer bark represents the total for a period of about 40 years. Therefore, these results suggest an increase in lead pollution of about three orders of magnitude at Nikko, which is relatively close to Tokyo, and one order of magnitude at Yakushima, which is relatively remote.

脳卒中患者20名を対象に，歩行速度を「楽に」，「最も速く」と指示し，この2条件でPCIを3日間連続測定し，PCI及び，PCIを算出するにあたって必要である各変数の再現性を検証した。また，再現性の観点から，PCIを用いることが可能な脳卒中患者について検討した。PCIは二元配置分散分析により測定日間全体に有意差は認めらず，再現性が確認された。また級内相関係数は，歩行条件「楽に」では0.90，「最も速く」では0.89と非常に高い相関を示し，再現性の高さが示された。変動係数では，歩行条件「楽に」において平均11.3%，「最も速く」では平均7.6%であった。この変動は，PCIを算出する基礎となる安静時心拍数と，歩行条件「楽に」においては，歩行前後の心拍数変化，歩行速度によっても生じることが示唆された。また，再現性の観点から，PCIを用いることが可能な脳卒中患者の対象条件については，今回用いた個人のプロフィール(年齢，発症からの期間，身体構成，Brunnstrom Stage，10m最大歩行速度，Barthel Index)にばらつきがあったとしても，脳卒中患者においてPCIは使用可能であるという結果が得られた。

脳卒中軽度片麻痺患者を対象とし，歩行能力と感覚障害との関連を調べるため，感覚障害別に分類した2群間で退院時最大歩行速度・歩行率・重複歩距離と立位バランスを比較検討した。 今回の観察結果より，軽度麻痺患者において，感覚障害は最大歩行速度の低下を招き，その理由として歩行率の低下が示された。また，歩行率は立位バランス能力の状態に影響され，今回対象とした軽度麻痺患者では，staticな立位バランス能力が，dynamicな立位バランス能力を反映し得ることが判明した。このことより，単．脚立位検査が，歩行機能を反映し得る可能性が伺えた。今後，重度麻痺患者での観察を行い，検討していきたい。

The role of diffraction is investigated for two-dimensional area-preserving maps with sharply or almost sharply divided phase space, in relation to the issue of dynamical tunneling. The diffraction effect is known to appear in general when the system contains indifferentiable or discontinuous points. We find that it controls the quantum transition between regular and chaotic regions in mixed phase space in the case where the border between these regions is set to be sharp. However, its manifestation is rather subtle: it would be possible to identify the diffraction effect under suitable coordinates if the support of the wave function contains indifferentiable or discontinuous points, whereas it is mixed with the tunneling effect and the whole process becomes hybrid if the support does not contain the sources of diffraction. We make detailed analyses, including the semiclassical treatment of edge contributions of the one-step propagator, to clarify the nature of diffraction in mixed phase space. Our result implies that chaos does not play any roles in the regular-to-chaotic transition process when the phase space is sharply divided.

A set of gauge invariants are identified for the gauge theory of quantum anholonomies, which comprise both the Berry phase and an exotic anholonomy in eigenspaces. We examine these invariants for hierarchical families of quantum circuits whose qubit size can be arbitrarily large. It is also found that a hierarchical family of quantum circuits generally involves an NP-complete problem., 24 pages, 5 figures. Figures are added to illustrate examples

Under suitable conditions quantum eigenfunctions for mixed systems localize neither on the regular nor on chaotic components in phase space. Such exotic quantum states are called amphibious states, and the flooding of wave functions from regular to chaotic regions, or in the opposite way, are predicted to occur when the eigenstates become amphibious. The emergence of such new states has so far been verified in rather artificial model systems. Here we explore how generically the flooding of wave functions takes place and whether it is an observable phenomenon even in laboratory experiments such as atomic matter-wave systems. Since the flooding occurs as a result of the strong correlation between different types of quantum localization, dynamical tunneling and dynamical localization, there are several competing factors, some of them accelerate but other do not. We study a quasi-periodic kicked rotor with generic phase space to search optimal situations to realize the flooding phenomenon and discuss the comp...

A proof of the adiabatic theorem for quantum systems whose time evolution proceeds along discrete time, e.g., quantum maps and quantum circuits, is shown., 2pages; typos corrected; v3 added "NOTE ADDED" on an earlier work

An adiabatic cycle of parameters in a quantum system can yield the quantum anholonomies, nontrivial evolution not just in phase of the states, but also in eigenvalues and eigenstates. Such exotic anholonomies imply that an adiabatic cycle rearranges eigenstates even without spectral degeneracy. We show that an arbitrarily large quantum circuit generated by recursive extension can also exhibit the eigenvalue and eigenspace anholonomies., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Anholonomies in eigenstates are studied through time-dependent variations of a magnetic flux in an Aharonov-Bohm ring. The anholonomies in the eigenenergy and the expectation values of eigenstates are shown to persist beyond the adiabatic regime. The choice of the gauge of the magnetic flux is shown to be crucial to clarify the relationship of these anholonomies to the eigenspace anholonomy, which is described by a non-Abelian connection in the adiabatic limit., Comment: 6 pages. Fixed typo

The parametric deformations of quasienergies and eigenvectors of unitary operators are applied to the design of quantum adiabatic algorithms. The conventional, standard adiabatic quantum computation proceeds along eigenenergies of parameter-dependent Hamiltonians. By contrast, discrete adiabatic computation utilizes adiabatic passage along the quasienergies of parameter-dependent unitary operators. For example, such computation can be realized by a concatenation of parameterized quantum circuits, with an adiabatic though inevitably discrete change of the parameter. A design principle of adiabatic passage along quasienergy is recently proposed: Cheon's quasienergy and eigenspace anholonomies on unitary operators is available to realize anholonomic adiabatic algorithms [Tanaka and Miyamoto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 160407 (2007)], which compose a nontrivial family of discrete adiabatic algorithms. It is straightforward to port a standard adiabatic algorithm to an anholonomic adiabatic one, except an introduction of a parameter |v>, which is available to adjust the gaps of the quasienergies to control the running time steps. In Grover's database search problem, the costs to prepare |v> for the qualitatively different, i.e., power or exponential, running time steps are shown to be qualitatively different. Curiously, in establishing the equivalence between the standard quantum computation based on the circuit model and the anholonomic adiabatic quantum computation model, it is shown that the cost for |v> to enlarge the gaps of the eigenvalue is qualitatively negligible., 11 pages, 2 figures

We investigate dynamical tunneling in many dimensional systems using a quasi-periodically modulated kicked rotor, and find that the tunneling rate from the torus to the chaotic region is drastically enhanced when the chaotic states become delocalized as a result of the Anderson transition. This result strongly suggests that amphibious states, which were discovered for a one-dimensional kicked rotor with transporting islands [L. Hufnagel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 154101 (2002)], quite commonly appear in many dimensional systems., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) pacing and right ventricular apex (RVA) pacing on synchronous ventricular activation and coronary flow dynamics.We enrolled 20 consecutive patients who underwent electrophysiologic study. Echocardiographic study including two-dimensional tissue tracking imaging and Doppler guide wire examination was performed during RVOT pacing and RVA pacing.The improvement of left ventricular radial dyssynchrony (99 ± 12 ms vs. 142 ± 16 ms, P.001), time-averaged peak velocities of coronary blood flow (54 ± 18 cm/s vs. 47 ± 17 cm/s, P = .007), and coronary microvascular resistance index (2.0 ± 0.8 vs. 2.4 ± 1.1, P = .028) was observed with RVOT pacing compared with RVA pacing.RVOT pacing might provide favorable effects on the left ventricular function and coronary flow dynamics over RVA pacing.

We study the evolution of quantum eigenstates in the presence of level crossing under adiabatic cyclic change of environmental parameters. We find that exotic holonomies, indicated by exchange of the eigenstates after a single cyclic evolution, can arise from non-Abelian gauge potentials among non-degenerate levels. We illustrate our arguments with solvable two and three level models., LaTeX Elsevier double column format, 6 pages, 10 figures, See http://www.kochi-tech.ac.jp/~cheon/ for higher quality figures

Quantum tunneling in the presence of chaos is analyzed, focusing especially on the interplay between quantum tunneling and dynamical localization. We observed flooding of potentially existing tunneling amplitude by adding noise to the chaotic sea to attenuate the destructive interference generating dynamical localization. This phenomenon is related to the nature of complex orbits describing tunneling between torus and chaotic regions. The tunneling rate is found to obey a perturbative scaling with noise intensity when the noise intensity is sufficiently small and then saturate in a large noise intensity regime. A relation between the tunneling rate and the localization length of the chaotic states is also demonstrated. It is shown that due to the competition between dynamical tunneling and dynamical localization, the tunneling rate is not a monotonically increasing function of Planck's constant. The above results are obtained for a system with a sharp border between torus and chaotic regions. The validity of the results for a system with a smoothed border is also explained., 14 pages, 15 figures

We present a unified formulation of quantum holonomy which is capable of describing all of its known varieties. The full role of non-Abelian gauge connection is elucidated. As examples, solvable models of quantum kicked spin are analyzed. They are shown to exhibit spiral holonomy, as well as Berry phase and Wilczek-Zee holonomy., 5 pages EPL double column format, no figure. See allso http://www.kochi-tech.ac.jp/~cheon/

Anholonomies in the parametric dependences of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of Floquet operators that describe unit time evolutions of periodically driven systems, e.g., kicked rotors, are studied. First, an example of the anholonomies induced by a periodically pulsed rank-1 perturbation is given. As a function of the strength of the perturbation, the perturbed Floquet operator of the quantum map and its spectrum are shown to have a period. However, we show examples where each eigenvalue does not obey the periodicity of the perturbed Floquet operator and exhibits an anholonomy. Furthermore, this induces another anholonomy in the eigenspaces, i.e., the directions of the eigenvectors, of the Floquet operator. These two anholonomies are previously observed in a family of Hamiltonians [T. Cheon, Phys. Lett. A 248, 285 (1998)] and are different from the phase anholonomy known as geometric phases. Second, the stability of Cheon's anholonomies in periodically driven systems is established by a geometrical analysis of the family of Floquet operators. Accordingly, Cheon's anholonomies are expected to be abundant in systems whose time evolutions are described by Floquet operators. As an application, a design principle for quantum state manipulations along adiabatic passages is explained.

The parametric dependence of a quantum map under the influence of a rank-1 perturbation is investigated. While the Floquet operator of the map and its spectrum have a common period with respect to the perturbation strength $\lambda$, we show an example in which none of the quasienergies nor the eigenvectors obey the same period: After a periodic increment of $\lambda$, the quasienergy arrives at the nearest higher one, instead of the initial one, exhibiting an anholonomy, which governs another anholonomy of the eigenvectors. An application to quantum state manipulations is outlined., Comment: 10pages, 1figure. To be published in Phys. Rev. Lett.

The evaluation of a tunneling tail by the Herman-Kluk method, which is a quasiclassical way to compute quantum dynamics, is examined by asymptotic analysis. In the shallower part of the tail, as well as in the classically allowed region, it is shown that the leading terms of semiclassical evaluations of quantum theory and the Herman-Kluk formula agree, which is known as an asymptotic equivalence. In the deeper part, it is shown that the asymptotic equivalence breaks down, due to the emergence of unusual "tunneling trajectory", which is an artifact of the Herman-Kluk method., Comment: To be published in Phys. Rev. A

We investigate how the dynamical production of quantum entanglement for weakly coupled mapping systems is influenced by the chaotic dynamics of the corresponding classical system. We derive a general perturbative formula for the entanglement production rate which is defined by using the linear entropy of the subsystem. This formula predicts that {\it the increment of the strength of chaos does not enhance the production rate of entanglement} when the coupling is weak enough and the subsystems are strongly chaotic. The prediction is confirmed by numerical experiments for coupled kicked tops and rotors. We also discuss the entanglement production using the Husimi representation of the reduced density matrix., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the Waseda International Symposium on Fundamental Physics

We investigate how the dynamical production of quantum entanglement for weakly coupled, composite quantum systems is influenced by the chaotic dynamics of the corresponding classical system, using coupled kicked tops. The linear entropy for the subsystem (a kicked top) is employed as a measure of entanglement. A perturbative formula for the entanglement production rate is derived. The formula contains a correlation function that can be evaluated only from the information of uncoupled tops. Using this expression and the assumption that the correlation function decays exponentially which is plausible for chaotic tops, it is shown that {\it the increment of the strength of chaos does not enhance the production rate of entanglement} when the coupling is weak enough and the subsystems (kicked tops) are strongly chaotic. The result is confirmed by numerical experiments. The perturbative approach is also applied to a weakly chaotic region, where tori and chaotic sea coexist in the corresponding classical phase space, to reexamine a recent numerical study that suggests an intimate relationship between the linear stability of the corresponding classical trajectory and the entanglement production rate., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E

The production of quantum entanglement between weakly coupled mapping systems, whose classical counterparts are both strongly chaotic, is investigated. In the weak coupling regime, it is shown that time correlation functions of the unperturbed systems determine the entanglement production. In particular, we elucidate that the increment of nonlinear parameter of coupled kicked tops does not accelerate the entanglement production in the strongly chaotic region. An approach to the dynamical inhibition of entanglement is suggested., Comment: 4 figures, To appear in PRE, Rapid Communication

As examples of quantum-"classical" coupling systems, multi-component systems are studied by semiclassical evaluations of the Feynman kernels in the coherent-state representation. From the observation of the phase space caustics due to the presence of the internal degree of freedom (IDF), two phenomena are explained in terms of the semiclassical theory: (1) The quantum oscillations of the IDF induce quantum interference patterns in the Hushimi representation; (2) Chaotic dynamics destroys the coherence of the quantum oscillations., Comment: 6 pages, 7 ps figures, To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

An interplay of an exotic quantum holonomy and exceptional points is examined in one-dimensional Bose systems. The eigenenergy anholonomy, in which Hermitian adiabatic cycle induces nontrivial change in eigenenergies, can be interpreted as a manifestation of eigenenergy's Riemann surface structure, where the branch points are identified as the exceptional points which are degeneracy points in the complexified parameter space. It is also shown that the exceptional points are the divergent points of the non-Abelian gauge connection for the gauge theoretical formulation of the eigenspace anholonomy. This helps us to evaluate anti-path-ordered exponentials of the gauge connection to obtain gauge covariant quantities., 12 pages, 4 figures

The effect of combined treatment of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and aprotinin with intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) was evaluated in patients who underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Forty-one patients were divided into two groups. Group A (27) were treated by IABP only and Group B (14) were treated by the concomitant use of CoQ10 and aprotinin with IABP. Both groups were subdivided into two groups with regard to the ability to be weaned from IABP (Group A-I, Group B-I) or the inability (Group A-II, Group B-II). CoQ10 was administrated intravenously at doses of 5-10 mg/kg/day and aprotinin was infused at doses 5,000-10,000 KU/kg/day. The percentile incidence of ability to be weaned from IABP was 93 per cent (13/14) in Group B was higher than that of 74 per cent (20/27) in Group A. There were no significant differences among Group A-I, Group A-II, and Group B-I with regard to preoperative and intraoperative factors. Serum GOT and CPK levels on the first postoperative day were significantly higher in Group A-II and Group B-I than those in Group A-I but there was no significant difference between GOT or CPK levels in Group A-II and Group B-I. These results suggest that concomitant treatment of CoQ10 and aprotinin with IABP leads to an improvement in postoperative low cardiac output syndrome.