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Newcastle disease (NDV) and infectious bronchitis (IB) viruses are the most infectious and serious diseases on poultry flocks Egypt. Several types of bivalent inactivated NDV and IB vaccines are used to prevent and decrease incidence of both viruses but efficacy of these vaccines should be monitored periodically to understand the main causes of those breaks. In the current study nine bivalent inactivated NDV and IB vaccines were randomly selected from different batches during routine work at central laboratory for evaluation of veterinary biologics in 2023. Quality control of nine vaccines was applied according to Egyptian standard regulations for evaluation of veterinary Biologics. Completion of inactivation test of nine vaccines for both NDV and IB viruses revealed negative haemaagglutination test for NDV and normal appearance of embryo of IB virus when inoculation in SPF eggs. Immunization of one week old SPF chickens of nine selected vaccines showed neither clinical signs nor mortalities. Collection of serum samples from all tested vaccines on 3rd and 4th weeks post vaccination showed variable immune response against NDV using Haemagglutination inhibition test and ELISA test against IB virus. Challenge trial of tested vaccines showed variable percent of protection (50% to 100%). Virus shedding in SPF eggs on 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th days post challenge revealed significant amount of virus in oropharengeal swabs. This study showed validation of some bivalent inactivated NDV and IB vaccines batches in vaccination programs and invalidation of other batches for use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Botany is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is known that PID controller is used in every facet of industrial automation. The application of PID controller span from small industry to high technology industry. The aim of this paper is to design a position controller of a robot arm by selection of a PID parameters using genetic algorithm. The model of a robot arm is considered a third order system. And this paper compares two kinds of tuning methods of parameter for PID controller. One is the controller design by the genetic algorithm, second is the controller design by the Ziegler and Nichols method. It was found that the proposed PID parameters adjustment by the genetic algorithm is better than the Ziegler & Nichols' method. The proposed method could be applied to the higher order system also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Rafadain Engineering Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Micronutrients in food have been found to have chemopreventive effects, supporting the conclusions from epidemiologie studies that consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables reduces cancer risk. The present study was carried out to evaluate the role of querctin (Q) and sodium gluconate (GNA) supplementation separately or in combination in ameliorating promotion of colon tumor development by dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH) in mice. Histopathological observation of colons in mice treated with DMH showed goblet cell dysplasia with inflammatory cell infiltration. This pathological finding was associated with significant alteration in oxidative stress markers in colon tissues and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in plasma. Mice co-treated with GNA and Q showed mild changes of absorptive and goblet cells and inflammatory cell infiltration in lamina properia, with improvement in oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, findings of the present study indicate significant roles for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pathogenesis of DMH-induced colon toxicity and initiation of colon cancer. Also, they suggest that Q, GNA or the combination of both have a positive beneficial effect against DMH induced colonic cancer induction in mice.