Search

Az olvasó e ritka tanulmány birtokában képet alkothat a magyar agrárium és az élelmiszeripar helyzetéről. A 8 fejezet az OPTEN adatbázisa alapján mutatja be a jelen állapotot. A következtetések meghatározóak a közvetlen és a jövőbeli feladatokhoz. A teljes tanulmány hamarosan elérhető lesz Olvasóink számára is.

2020-ban Dr. Jámbor Attila, a Vállalkozásfejlesztési Intézet igazgatója, az Agrobiznisz Tanszék vezetője életútinterjút készített Dr. Csáki Csabával, egyetemünk korábbi rektorával „Hat évtized az agrárközgazdaságtan szolgálatában” címmel. A kötet felöleli Csáki Csaba egész szakmai pályafutását, ebből a rektori éveire vonatkozó részt közöljük. Ezúton is köszönjük Csáki Csaba és Jámbor Attila hozzájárulását az utánközléshez.

Jámbor Attila 2008 decemberében védte meg doktori értekezését a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Gazdálkodástani Doktori Iskolájában. Az értekezés három legfontosabb megállapítása, hogy (1) a hazai gabonafélék versenyképessége 1995–1998 évek átlagáról a 2003–2006 évek átlagára az EU15 országok esetén javult, az EU10+2 és Kelet-Európa esetén viszont romlott; (2) a feldolgozott gabonafélék semelyik vizsgált országcsoport esetében sem rendelkeznek magasabb versenyképességgel és/vagy magasabb komparatív előnnyel, mint az alapanyagok; (3) a hazai gabonakereskedelem esetében a komparatív előnyök stabilabbnak bizonyultak, mint a versenyképesség, azaz egy ország belső adottságai és nem a külső befolyásoló tényezők alapján érdemes értékelni a kereskedelem irányait. Ezen következtetések hátterét és a téma részletes kutatási eredményeit foglalja össze a cikk.

A Magyar Állami Eötvös Ösztöndíj keretében az Egyesült Királyságban lévő Newcastle Egyetemen töltöttem 2009 szeptemberétől 8 hónapot posztdoktori ösztöndíjasként. A cikkben az ezen időszak alatt szerzett tapasztalataimat összegzem és megkísérlem azokat a tényezőket azonosítani, amelyek hozzájárulnak a radikális szakmai fejlődéshez, illetve egy nemzetközi egyetem sikeréhez.

In 2004 and 2007, twelve New Member States (NMS) joined the European Union (EU), causing several changes in the field of agriculture. One of the major changes was the transformation of the national agri-food trade. The aim of the paper is to analyse the effects of the EU accession on the NMS agri-food trade, especially considering the revealed comparative advantages. The results suggest that the intensity of the NMS agri-food trade has increased significantly after the accession, though there was a serious deterioration in the NMS agri-food trade balance in most cases. It has also become evident that the NMS agri-food trade was highly concentrated by country and by product, though the concentration has not changed significantly after the EU accession. Moreover, our analyses highlight one of the most important characteristics of the NMS agri-food trade structure - the focus on the agri-food raw materials in export together with the agri-food processed products in import. As to the NMS agri-food trade specialisation, the diversity among member states becomes apparent. Almost all countries experienced a decrease in their comparative advantage after the accession, though it still remained at an acceptable level in most cases. As for the stability of the comparative advantage, the results suggest a weakening trend, underpinned by the convergence of the pattern of revealed comparative advantage. By estimating the survival function to the sample, it can be observed that the accession has radically changed the survival time of agri-food trade, meaning that the revealed comparative advantage has not turned out to be persistent in the period analysed. From the policy perspective, there is a clear need for structural changes in the NMS agriculture and agri-food sector in order to tackle the negative tendencies of the national agri-food trade. The most important long-term goal should be the production and export of higher value-added processed products based on domestic raw materials.

The evidence of intra-industry trade (IIT) is one of the most important empirical findings in international trade literature, though its empirical background is poorly developed. The article contributes to the empirical literature by analysing the effects of EU accession on intra-industry trade by using the Grubel-Lloyd index. Results show that agricultural trade between Hungary and EU15 in 2000-2007 was dominantly inter-industry in nature but it becomes more and more intra-industrial, meaning that trade of products created by different industries is replaced by that of created by the same industry. The article suggests three important effects of changes in Hungarian agricultural trade after EU accession: (a) increase in specialisation, (b) changing product quality and (c) changing product prices.

The latest reform of the Common Agricultural Policy has just been accepted, identifying important challenges for EU agriculture but proposing only limited changes to the previous CAP. Now it is time for the implementation of the new measures. However, from a theoretical point of view, it seems that the CAP can hardly meet the challenges it faces due to the inconsistencies between the predefined challenges and the measures proposed to meet them. The aim of the paper is to analyse the consistency between the challenges of European agriculture and the policy measures aimed at meeting them. It seems that not all measures are consistent with the challenges.

The article analyses patterns and country-specific determinants of agri-food trade of Bulgaria and Romania with the European Union. As literature focusing on agricultural aspects of the topic is limited, the paper seeks to contribute to the literature by providing up to date results and suggestions as well as by identifying the determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade of the Bulgaria and Romania after EU accession. Results suggest that intra-industry agri-food trade is mainly of vertical nature, referring to trade of different quality products. Results verify that determinants of horizontal and vertical IIT are similar and suggest that economic size and FDI are positively, while factor endowments and distance are negatively related to both sides of IIT. Results are mainly in line with the majority of empirical literature in the field. JEL code: Empirical Studies of Trade – F14

Copyright of Gazdalkodas is the property of Herman Otto Intezet Nonprofit Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Twenty years have passed since the first eastern enlargements of the European Union (EU). This paper assesses the impacts of EU accession on agriculture and rural regions of Central and Eastern European countries and identifies the reasons behind differences in country performance. Results suggest that EU accession brought modest convergence with established Member States. However, countries capitalised on the opportunities given by EU membership to differing extents. Specifically, the Baltic countries and Poland performed best post-accession, while Croatia, Slovenia, and Hungary witnessed much slower rates of convergence. The findings are consistent with the notion of convergence clubs, with persistent variations in catch up rates between groups of states. To explain membership of lower- and higher-speed convergence clubs, the paper identifies four sets of factors, namely initial conditions, pre-accession policy frameworks and actions, administrative preparedness, and post-accession policies.

Copyright of Gazdalkodas is the property of Herman Otto Intezet Nonprofit Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gazdalkodas is the property of Herman Otto Intezet Nonprofit Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gazdalkodas is the property of Herman Otto Intezet Nonprofit Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the scientific literature, only few studies investigate the competitiveness of agri-food markets through international trade. This article analyses the competitiveness of global cocoa trade between 1992 and 2015 by using the method of revealed comparative advantages. The results suggest that global cocoa trade is concentrated by country and product, though countries trading with raw materials and processed products show different patterns. Countries concentrating on raw materials have generally high but unstable comparative advantages, while those focusing on processed products show relatively lower but more stable comparative advantages. These differences well reflect the distinct competitive potentials of the two markets. However, stability and duration tests show continuous decline in comparative advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agriculture of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries as well as of the Soviet Union was an often studied area in the 1970´s and 1980´s among agricultural economists. After the system collapse, the transition of the agricultural sectors of these regions has gained importance. However, around the millennium, this topic was less studied. This paper aims at analysing the agricultural performance of CEE and Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries between 1997 and 2016 and identifying whether the system change and transition have brought changes and convergence in agricultural productivity to EU-15 levels. In doing so, the paper uses convergence theory and associated methods (Kernel density and Markov transition probability) to underpin its arguments. Results suggest that CEE and CIS countries have experienced a limited convergence to Western-European standards. However, there still exists a significant performance gap between the two regions with CEE countries standing closer to EU-15 averages. Reasons behind diverging performances are numerous as discussed at the end of the paper.

The economic impacts of direct payments is a widely studied field in the literature related to the Common Agricultural Policy. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the income-related impacts of direct payments. In doing so, the article screened the academic literature on the impacts of direct payments and identified 150 relevant ones, out of which 41 were written directly on income-related effects. Relevant articles can be classified into four groups: general, distributional, stabilisation and other impacts. Most of the literature criticised the ongoing system of direct payments and their effectiveness in producing income-related policy goals. We believe that our results can be useful for researchers and policymakers in better understanding the income-related impacts of direct payments. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: Q18

Coffee is an important agricultural raw material and part of international trade. Although global production is extremely concentrated, it is mainly sold to developed markets. The aim of the paper is to analyse the comparative advantages of the biggest producers. Results suggest that coffee trade has increased recently with important changes in the key players. Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia are currently the biggest exporters, giving the majority of global trade. However, Balassa indices were the highest for Uganda, Ethiopia and Honduras, suggesting unreasonable specialisation patterns. Furthermore, stability and duration tests show significantly changing trends, implying fierce competition in these markets.Keywords: coffee trade, revealed comparative advantages, competitivenessJEL Classifications: Q17, Q13https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.6692

Revealed comparative advantages are widely used by the global literature to analyse the international trade flows, though agricultural trade is usually neglected in the empirical works. Moreover, the determinants of revealed comparative advantages are scarcely investigated. This article analyses revealed comparative advantages in European ham trade from 1999 to 2013 and identifies its determinants by using the panel data econometrics. The results suggest that quality linked to the production area highly affects the competitiveness of the European ham trade. Also, the EU accession is positively correlated with the competitiveness, meaning that the economic integration fosters competitiveness. However, in spite of the initial expectations, the FDI is negatively related to the competitiveness of the European ham trade, underlining the importance of the national ham processing companies.

The article analyses the country and industry specific determinants of the horizontal and vertical intra-industry agri-food trade between the Baltic Countries and the European Union in 1999-2013. Results obtained by the GMM panel model estimations suggest that distance is negatively related to IIT, implying that geographical distance is an obstacle for intra-industry agri-food trade. Moreover, factor endowments are ambiguously related to IIT as land is found to be negatively, while labour and machinery to be positively related to both sides of the IIT. Results also show that product differentiation fosters two way trade of the quality-differentiated goods as a positive relationship exists between the agricultural employment and IIT. As to productivity, all model runs show a negative relationship for HIIT but positive for VIIT, implying that low-quality product exports dominate the agri-food trade of the Baltic Countries. Furthermore, FDI was also found to have a negative relationship with IIT, suggesting that foreign capital does not foster IIT.