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1. Wellness and Coping of Physicians Who Worked in ICUs During the Pandemic: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional North American Survey*

Author: Burns, Karen EA, Moss, Marc, Lorens, Edmund, Jose, Elizabeth Karin Ann, Martin, Claudio M, Viglianti, Elizabeth M, Fox-Robichaud, Alison, Mathews, Kusum S, Akgun, Kathleen, Jain, Snigdha, Gershengorn, Hayley, Mehta, Sangeeta, Han, Jenny E, Martin, Gregory S, Liebler, Janice M, Stapleton, Renee D, Trachuk, Polina, Vranas, Kelly C, Chua, Abigail, Herridge, Margaret S, Tsang, Jennifer LY, Biehl, Michelle, Burnham, Ellen L, Chen, Jen-Ting, Attia, Engi F, Mohamed, Amira, Harkins, Michelle S, Soriano, Sheryll M, Maddux, Aline, West, Julia C, Badke, Andrew R, Bagshaw, Sean M, Binnie, Alexandra, Carlos, W Graham, Çoruh, Başak, Crothers, Kristina, D’Aragon, Frederick, Denson, Joshua Lee, Drover, John W, Eschun, Gregg, Geagea, Anna, Griesdale, Donald, Hadler, Rachel, Hancock, Jennifer, Hasmatali, Jovan, Kaul, Bhavika, Kerlin, Meeta Prasad, Kohn, Rachel, Kutsogiannis, D James, Matson, Scott M, Morris, Peter E, Paunovic, Bojan, Peltan, Ithan D, Piquette, Dominique, Pirzadeh, Mina, Pulchan, Krishna, Schnapp, Lynn M, Sessler, Curtis N, Smith, Heather, Sy, Eric, Thirugnanam, Subarna, McDonald, Rachel K, McPherson, Katie A, Kraft, Monica, Spiegel, Michelle, Dodek, Peter M, and Society, for the Diversity-Related Research Committee of the Women in Critical Care Interest Group of the American Thoracic
Subjects: Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Prevention, Adult, Male, Humans, Child, United States, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Pandemics, COVID-19, Burnout, Professional, Physicians, Intensive Care Units, Adaptation, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, North America, burnout, coping, moral distress, pandemic, wellness, Diversity-Related Research Committee of the Women in Critical Care (WICC) Interest Group of the American Thoracic Society, Clinical Sciences, Nursing, Public Health and Health Services, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Clinical sciences
Abstract: ObjectivesFew surveys have focused on physician moral distress, burnout, and professional fulfilment. We assessed physician wellness and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross-sectional survey using four validated instruments.SettingSixty-two sites in Canada and the United States.SubjectsAttending physicians (adult, pediatric; intensivist, nonintensivist) who worked in North American ICUs.InterventionNone.Measurements and main resultsWe analysed 431 questionnaires (43.3% response rate) from 25 states and eight provinces. Respondents were predominantly male (229 [55.6%]) and in practice for 11.8 ± 9.8 years. Compared with prepandemic, respondents reported significant intrapandemic increases in days worked/mo, ICU bed occupancy, and self-reported moral distress (240 [56.9%]) and burnout (259 [63.8%]). Of the 10 top-ranked items that incited moral distress, most pertained to regulatory/organizational ( n = 6) or local/institutional ( n = 2) issues or both ( n = 2). Average moral distress (95.6 ± 66.9), professional fulfilment (6.5 ± 2.1), and burnout scores (3.6 ± 2.0) were moderate with 227 physicians (54.6%) meeting burnout criteria. A significant dose-response existed between COVID-19 patient volume and moral distress scores. Physicians who worked more days/mo and more scheduled in-house nightshifts, especially combined with more unscheduled in-house nightshifts, experienced significantly more moral distress. One in five physicians used at least one maladaptive coping strategy. We identified four coping profiles (active/social, avoidant, mixed/ambivalent, infrequent) that were associated with significant differences across all wellness measures.ConclusionsDespite moderate intrapandemic moral distress and burnout, physicians experienced moderate professional fulfilment. However, one in five physicians used at least one maladaptive coping strategy. We highlight potentially modifiable factors at individual, institutional, and regulatory levels to enhance physician wellness.
Published: 2022

2. Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Collaborators, GBD 2019 LRI, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Vongpradith, Avina, Sirota, Sarah Brooke, Novotney, Amanda, Troeger, Christopher E, Doxey, Matthew C, Bender, Rose G, Ledesma, Jorge R, Biehl, Molly H, Albertson, Samuel B, Frostad, Joseph Jon, Burkart, Katrin, Bennitt, Fiona B, Zhao, Jeff T, Gardner, William M, Hagins, Hailey, Bryazka, Dana, Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva, Abate, Semagn Mekonnen, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdoli, Amir, Abdoli, Gholamreza, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Vida, Abegaz, Tadesse M, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abtew, Yonas Derso, Ali, Hiwa Abubaker, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adamu, Kidist, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adnan, Mohammad, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Jivan Qasim, Rashid, Tarik Ahmed, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa, Hamad, Hanadi Al, Albano, Luciana, Aldeyab, Mamoon A, Alemu, Bezatu Mengistie, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Musa Mohammed, Ali, Syed Shujait, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Al-Jumaily, Adel, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Al-Rifai, Rami H Hani, AlRyalat, Saif Aldeen S, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Dehkordi, Javad Javad Aminian, Amuasi, John H, Amugsi, Dickson A, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Ansar, Adnan, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Areda, Demelash, Argaw, Ayele Mamo, Argaw, Zeleke Gebru, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atlaw, Daniel, Attia, Engi F, Attia, Sameh, Aujayeb, Avinash, Awoke, Tewachew, Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari, Samad, Jafari, Amirhossein Azari, Badar, Muhammad, and Badiye, Ashish D
Subjects: Prevention, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Child, Female, Male, Humans, Child, Preschool, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Global Burden of Disease, Bayes Theorem, Sex Characteristics, Pyridinolcarbamate, Global Health, Respiratory Tract Infections, Risk Factors, Particulate Matter, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, GBD 2019 LRI Collaborators, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology
Abstract: BackgroundThe global burden of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) and corresponding risk factors in children older than 5 years and adults has not been studied as comprehensively as it has been in children younger than 5 years. We assessed the burden and trends of LRIs and risk factors across all age groups by sex, for 204 countries and territories.MethodsIn this analysis of data for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we used clinician-diagnosed pneumonia or bronchiolitis as our case definition for LRIs. We included International Classification of Diseases 9th edition codes 079.6, 466-469, 470.0, 480-482.8, 483.0-483.9, 484.1-484.2, 484.6-484.7, and 487-489 and International Classification of Diseases 10th edition codes A48.1, A70, B97.4-B97.6, J09-J15.8, J16-J16.9, J20-J21.9, J91.0, P23.0-P23.4, and U04-U04.9. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse 23 109 site-years of vital registration data, 825 site-years of sample vital registration data, 1766 site-years of verbal autopsy data, and 681 site-years of mortality surveillance data. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse age-sex-specific incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews of the literature, population-based survey data, and claims and inpatient data. Additionally, we estimated age-sex-specific LRI mortality that is attributable to the independent effects of 14 risk factors.FindingsGlobally, in 2019, we estimated that there were 257 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 240-275) LRI incident episodes in males and 232 million (217-248) in females. In the same year, LRIs accounted for 1·30 million (95% UI 1·18-1·42) male deaths and 1·20 million (1·07-1·33) female deaths. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates were 1·17 times (95% UI 1·16-1·18) and 1·31 times (95% UI 1·23-1·41) greater in males than in females in 2019. Between 1990 and 2019, LRI incidence and mortality rates declined at different rates across age groups and an increase in LRI episodes and deaths was estimated among all adult age groups, with males aged 70 years and older having the highest increase in LRI episodes (126·0% [95% UI 121·4-131·1]) and deaths (100·0% [83·4-115·9]). During the same period, LRI episodes and deaths in children younger than 15 years were estimated to have decreased, and the greatest decline was observed for LRI deaths in males younger than 5 years (-70·7% [-77·2 to -61·8]). The leading risk factors for LRI mortality varied across age groups and sex. More than half of global LRI deaths in children younger than 5 years were attributable to child wasting (population attributable fraction [PAF] 53·0% [95% UI 37·7-61·8] in males and 56·4% [40·7-65·1] in females), and more than a quarter of LRI deaths among those aged 5-14 years were attributable to household air pollution (PAF 26·0% [95% UI 16·6-35·5] for males and PAF 25·8% [16·3-35·4] for females). PAFs of male LRI deaths attributed to smoking were 20·4% (95% UI 15·4-25·2) in those aged 15-49 years, 30·5% (24·1-36·9) in those aged 50-69 years, and 21·9% (16·8-27·3) in those aged 70 years and older. PAFs of female LRI deaths attributed to household air pollution were 21·1% (95% UI 14·5-27·9) in those aged 15-49 years and 18·2% (12·5-24·5) in those aged 50-69 years. For females aged 70 years and older, the leading risk factor, ambient particulate matter, was responsible for 11·7% (95% UI 8·2-15·8) of LRI deaths.InterpretationThe patterns and progress in reducing the burden of LRIs and key risk factors for mortality varied across age groups and sexes. The progress seen in children younger than 5 years was clearly a result of targeted interventions, such as vaccination and reduction of exposure to risk factors. Similar interventions for other age groups could contribute to the achievement of multiple Sustainable Development Goals targets, including promoting wellbeing at all ages and reducing health inequalities. Interventions, including addressing risk factors such as child wasting, smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and household air pollution, would prevent deaths and reduce health disparities.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2022

3. A cross-sectional analysis of diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in people living with HIV: Opportunities for improvement.

Author: Zifodya, Jerry S, Triplette, Matthew, Shahrir, Shahida, Attia, Engi F, Akgun, Kathleen M, Soo Hoo, Grant W, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, Wongtrakool, Cherry, Huang, Laurence, and Crothers, Kristina
Subjects: Humans, HIV Infections, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Diagnostic Errors, Chi-Square Distribution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Quality Improvement, bronchodilators, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diagnostic errors, HIV, spirometry, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Prevention, Clinical Research, Lung, HIV/AIDS, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract: AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is common in people living with HIV (PLWH). We sought to evaluate the appropriateness of COPD diagnosis and management in PLWH, comparing results to HIV-uninfected persons.We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of Veterans enrolled in the Examinations of HIV-Associated Lung Emphysema study, in which all participants underwent spirometry at enrollment and reported respiratory symptoms on self-completed surveys. Primary outcomes were misdiagnosis and under-diagnosis of COPD, and the frequency and appropriateness of inhaler prescriptions. Misdiagnosis was defined as having an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 diagnosis of COPD without spirometric airflow limitation (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1-second [FEV1]/Forced vital capacity [FVC]
Published: 2021

4. Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in People Living With HIV.

Author: Zifodya, Jerry S, Duncan, Meredith S, So-Armah, Kaku A, Attia, Engi F, Akgün, Kathleen M, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, Marconi, Vincent C, Budoff, Matthew J, Bedimo, Roger J, Alcorn, Charles W, Soo Hoo, Guy W, Butt, Adeel A, Kim, Joon W, Sico, Jason J, Tindle, Hilary A, Huang, Laurence, Tate, Janet P, Justice, Amy C, Freiberg, Matthew S, and Crothers, Kristina
Subjects: Humans, Community-Acquired Infections, HIV Infections, Pneumonia, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hospitalization, Incidence, Survival Rate, Cohort Studies, Adult, Aged, Middle Aged, Veterans, United States, Female, Male, AIDS, HIV, cardiovascular disease, community‐acquired pneumonia, community&#8208, acquired pneumonia, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology
Abstract: Background Hospitalization with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in patients uninfected with HIV. We evaluated whether people living with HIV (PLWH) have a higher risk of CVD or mortality than individuals uninfected with HIV following hospitalization with CAP. Methods and Results We analyzed data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study on US veterans admitted with their first episode of CAP from April 2003 through December 2014. We used Cox regression analyses to determine whether HIV status was associated with incident CVD events and mortality from date of admission through 30 days after discharge (30-day mortality), adjusting for known CVD risk factors. We included 4384 patients (67% [n=2951] PLWH). PLWH admitted with CAP were younger, had less severe CAP, and had fewer CVD risk factors than patients with CAP who were uninfected with HIV. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, CVD risk was similar in PLWH compared with HIV-uninfected (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% CI, 0.70-1.12), but HIV infection was associated with higher mortality risk (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.16-1.90). In models stratified by HIV status, CAP severity was significantly associated with incident CVD and 30-day mortality in PLWH and patients uninfected with HIV. Conclusions In this study, the risk of CVD events during or after hospitalization for CAP was similar in PLWH and patients uninfected with HIV, after adjusting for known CVD risk factors and CAP severity. HIV infection, however, was associated with increased 30-day mortality after CAP hospitalization in multivariable-adjusted models. PLWH should be included in future studies evaluating mechanisms and prevention of CVD events after CAP.
Published: 2020

5. Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990–2019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Momtazmanesh, Sara, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Rad, Elaheh Malakan, Rezaei, Negar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Aali, Amirali, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Md Abdullah, Abu Yousuf, Abedi, Aidin, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abrehdari-Tafreshi, Zahra, Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Adane Adane, Denberu Eshetie, Adane, Tigist Demssew, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adnan, Mohammad, Sakilah Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Rashid, Tarik Ahmed, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, Alemayehu, Astawus, Alif, Sheikh Mohammad, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Dehkordi, Javad Aminian, Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Antony, Catherine M., Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Arulappan, Judie, Ashraf, Tahira, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Attia, Engi F., Ayele, Meshesha Tsegazeab, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Babu, Abraham Samuel, Bagherieh, Sara, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Banach, Maciej, Bardhan, Mainak, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barrow, Amadou, Basu, Saurav, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Bensenor, Isabela M., Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bouaoud, Souad, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Butt, Muhammad Hammad, Butt, Zahid A., Calina, Daniela, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Chanie, Gashaw Sisay, Charalampous, Periklis, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cohen, Aaron J., Cruz-Martins, Natália, Dadras, Omid, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Das, Saswati, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Delgado-Ortiz, Laura, Dereje, Diriba, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Dirirsa, Gebisa, Doku, Paul Narh, Dongarwar, Deepa, Douiri, Abdel, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, Mustafa Elagali, Ahmed Elabbas, Elhadi, Muhammed, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Etaee, Farshid, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Faro, Andre, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fekadu, Ginenus, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gaihre, Santosh, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gerema, Urge, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Getachew, Tamiru, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghanbari, Reza, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholami, Ali, Gil, Artyom Urievich, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Hadei, Mostafa, Halwani, Rabih, Hanif, Asif, Hargono, Arief, Harorani, Mehdi, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hay, Simon I., Heidari, Mohammad, Hellemons, Merel E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Holla, Ramesh, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hoseini, Mohammad, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Huang, Junjie, Hussain, Salman, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ibrahim, Sufyan, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Immurana, Mustapha, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Merin J, Linda, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamshidi, Elham, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Johnson, Olatunji, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, K, Vaishali, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Zubair, Kalankesh, Laleh R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kandel, Himal, Karanth, Shama D., Karaye, Ibraheem M., Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kassie, Gizat M., Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Imteyaz A., Khan, Moien A.B., Khan, Yusra H., Khreis, Haneen, Kim, Min Seo, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Knibbs, Luke D., Kolkhir, Pavel, Komaki, Somayeh, Kompani, Farzad, Koohestani, Hamid Reza, Koolivand, Ali, Korzh, Oleksii, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kumar, Naveen, Kumar, Nithin, Kurmi, Om P., Kuttikkattu, Ambily, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lám, Judit, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Latief, Kamaluddin, Lauriola, Paolo, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Yo Han, Legesse, Samson Mideksa, Lenzi, Jacopo, Li, Ming-Chieh, Lin, Ro-Ting, Liu, Gang, Liu, Wei, Lo, Chun-Han, Lorenzovici, László, Lu, Yifei, Mahalingam, Soundarya, Mahmoudi, Elham, Mahotra, Narayan B., Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mansouri, Borhan, Mathews, Elezebeth, Maulud, Sazan Qadir, Mechili, Enkeleint A., Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengistu, Dechasa Adare, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Misganaw, Awoke, Mithra, Prasanna, Moghadasi, Javad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadshahi, Marita, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Moka, Nagabhishek, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moniruzzaman, Md, Montazeri, Fateme, Moradi, Maryam, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Murray, Christopher J.L., Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Nangia, Vinay, Swamy, Sreenivas Narasimha, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Natto, Zuhair S., Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Negash, Wogene Wogene, Nena, Evangelia, Kandel, Sandhya Neupane, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nogueira de Sá, Antonio Tolentino, Nowroozi, Ali, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Obaidur, Rahman Md, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T., Bali, Ahmed Omar, Ostojic, Sergej M., A, Mahesh P., Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pahlevan Fallahy, Mohammad Taha, Palicz, Tamás, Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Patel, Jay, Paudel, Rajan, Paudel, Uttam, Pedersini, Paolo, Pereira, Marcos, Pereira, Renato B., Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Pirestani, Majid, Postma, Maarten J., Prashant, Akila, Rabiee, Mohammad, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Sima, Rahim, Fakher, Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rajput, Prashant, Rana, Juwel, Rao, Chythra R., Rao, Sowmya J., Rashedi, Sina, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Mohamed Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa, Rezaei, Maryam, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rodrigues, Mónica, Buendia Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio, Roever, Leonardo, Rojas-Rueda, David, Rudd, Kristina E., Saad, Aly M.A., Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeed, Umar, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Sakhamuri, Sateesh, Salehi, Sana, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Seylani, Allen, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shekhar, Shashank, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Simpson, Colin R., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Song, Suhang, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Steiropoulos, Paschalis, Stockfelt, Leo, Sun, Jing, Takahashi, Ken, Talaat, Iman M., Tan, Ker-Kan, Tat, Nathan Y., Tat, Vivian Y., Taye, Birhan Tsegaw, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thapar, Rekha, Thienemann, Friedrich, Tiyuri, Amir, Ngoc Tran, Mai Thi, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Car, Lorainne Tudor, Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Sana, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., Valizadeh, Rohollah, van Boven, Job F.M., Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vaziri, Siavash, Violante, Francesco S., Vo, Bay, Wang, Ning, Wei, Melissa Y., Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yadav, Lalit, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zahir, Mazyar, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zareshahrabadi, Zahra, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zegeye, Zelalem Banjaw, Zhang, Yunquan, Naghavi, Mohsen, Larijani, Bagher, and Farzadfar, Farshad
Published: 2023
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6. Age–sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Vongpradith, Avina, Sirota, Sarah Brooke, Novotney, Amanda, Troeger, Christopher E, Doxey, Matthew C, Bender, Rose G, Ledesma, Jorge R, Biehl, Molly H, Albertson, Samuel B, Frostad, Joseph Jon, Burkart, Katrin, Bennitt, Fiona B, Zhao, Jeff T, Gardner, William M, Hagins, Hailey, Bryazka, Dana, Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva, Abate, Semagn Mekonnen, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdoli, Amir, Abdoli, Gholamreza, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Vida, Abegaz, Tadesse M, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abtew, Yonas Derso, Abubaker Ali, Hiwa, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adamu, Kidist, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adnan, Mohammad, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Jivan Qasim, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Albano, Luciana, Aldeyab, Mamoon A, Alemu, Bezatu Mengistie, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Musa Mohammed, Ali, Syed Shujait, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Al-Jumaily, Adel, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Al-Rifai, Rami H Hani, AlRyalat, Saif Aldeen S, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad, Amuasi, John H, Amugsi, Dickson A, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Ansar, Adnan, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Areda, Demelash, Argaw, Ayele Mamo, Argaw, Zeleke Gebru, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atlaw, Daniel, Attia, Engi F, Attia, Sameh, Aujayeb, Avinash, Awoke, Tewachew, Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari, Samad, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagherieh, Sara, Baig, Atif Amin, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Indrajit, Bardhan, Mainak, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Barrow, Amadou, Bashiri, Azadeh, Bassat, Quique, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhatt, Parth, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bhuyan, Soumitra S, Bijani, Ali, Bitaraf, Saeid, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Buonsenso, Danilo, Butt, Muhammad Hammad, Cai, Jiao, Camargos, Paulo, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Chanie, Muluken Genetu, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Ching, Patrick R, Choi, Sungchul, Chong, Yuen Yu, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cobb, Natalie L, Cohen, Aaron J, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Dadras, Omid, Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dao, An Thi Minh, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Demisse, Biniyam, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Demissie, Solomon, Dereje, Diriba, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Desye, Belay, Dhingra, Sameer, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Doan, Linh Phuong, Dodangeh, Milad, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dorostkar, Fariba, dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, El Desouky, Eman D, El Sayed, Iman, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elkhapery, Ahmed Mahmoud Rabie, Emami, Amir, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Etaee, Farshid, Ezati Asar, Mohamad, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Falahi, Shahab, Fallahzadeh, Aida, Faraj, Anwar, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferrari, Allegra Allegra, Fetensa, Getahun, Fischer, Florian, Flavel, Joanne, Foroutan, Masoud, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaihre, Santosh, Galehdar, Nasrin, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Garg, Tushar, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin Damtew, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw, Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete, Gessner, Bradford D, Getachew, Melaku, Getie, Asmare, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamrezanezhad, Ali, Gholizadeh, Abdolmajid, Ghosh, Rakesh, Ghozy, Sherief, Goleij, Pouya, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goyomsa, Girma Garedew, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Gudisa, Zewdie, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Guta, Alemu, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Halwani, Rabih, Hamidi, Samer, Hannan, Md Abdul, Harorani, Mehdi, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hassan, Abbas M, Hassani, Shokoufeh, Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hayat, Khezar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohammad, Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam, Kamal, Holla, Ramesh, Hong, Sung Hwi, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh, Huang, Junjie, Hussein, Nawfal R, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iwagami, Masao, Jaafari, Jalil, Jamshidi, Elham, Jang, Sung-In, Javadi Mamaghani, Amirreza, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javanmardi, Fatemeh, Javidnia, Javad, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayarajah, Umesh, Jayaram, Shubha, Jema, Alelign Tasew, Jeong, Wonjeong, Jonas, Jost B, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, K, Vaishali, Kabir, Zubair, Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kalankesh, Laleh R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Ashwin, Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray, Kandel, Himal, Kanko, Tesfaye K, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karch, André, Karkhah, Samad, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Kaur, Harkiran, Kaur, Rimple Jeet, Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Imteyaz A, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien AB, Khan, Yusra H, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khosravifar, Mina, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissoon, Niranjan, Knibbs, Luke D, Kochhar, Sonali, Kompani, Farzad, Koohestani, Hamid Reza, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kurmi, Om P, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lám, Judit, Landires, Iván, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Sang-woong, Levi, Miriam, Lewycka, Sonia, Liu, Gang, Liu, Wei, Lodha, Rakesh, Lorenzovici, László, Lotfi, Mojgan, Loureiro, Joana A, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahmoudi, Razzagh, Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh, Majidpoor, Jamal, Makki, Alaa, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Manla, Yosef, Matei, Clara N, Mathioudakis, Alexander G, Maude, Richard James, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Melese, Addisu, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza-Cano, Oliver, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Merid, Mehari Woldemariam, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Carolina, Mijena, Gelana Fekadu Worku, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mir, Shabir Ahmad, Mirfakhraie, Reza, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirza, Agha Zeeshan, Mirza, Moonis, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Misganaw, Abay Sisay, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammed, Arif, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mohseni, Mohammad, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moniruzzaman, Md, Montazeri, Fateme, Moore, Catrin E, Moradi, Abdolvahab, Morawska, Lidia, Mosser, Jonathan F, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Motaghinejad, Majid, Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh, Mousavi-Aghdas, Seyed Ali, Mubarik, Sumaira, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Mustafa, Ghulam, Nair, Sanjeev, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Najafi, Houshang, Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Natto, Zuhair S, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nguyen, Huy Van Nguyen, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nogueira de Sá, Antonio Tolentino, Nouraei, Hasti, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Ochir, Chimedsuren, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Emad, Oren, Eyal, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Nikita, Oulhaj, Abderrahim, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pakzad, Reza, Palicz, Tamás, Pandey, Anamika, Pant, Suman, Pardhan, Shahina, Park, Eun-Cheol, Park, Eun-Kee, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Paudel, Rajan, Pawar, Shrikant, Peng, Minjin, Pereira, Gavin, Perna, Simone, Perumalsamy, Navaraj, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Pigott, David M, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Podder, Vivek, Polibin, Roman V, Postma, Maarten J, Pourasghari, Hamid, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd, Raad, Mathieu, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Raeghi, Saber, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Mehran, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Azizur, Rahman, Md Obaidur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmanian, Vahid, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Juwel, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rani, Usha, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Sina, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rasul, Azad, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Reitsma, Marissa B, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Riad, Abanoub, Rikhtegar, Reza, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Rogowski, Emma L B, Ronfani, Luca, Rudd, Kristina E, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Saeed, Umar, Safary, Azam, Safi, Sher Zaman, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sakhamuri, Sateesh, Salehi, Sana, Salman, Muhammad, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samy, Abdallah M, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sarkhosh, Maryam, Sathian, Brijesh, Sawhney, Monika, Saya, Ganesh Kumar, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Seylani, Allen, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaker, Elaheh, Shamshad, Hina, Sharew, Mequannent Melaku, Sharhani, Asaad, Sharifi, Azam, Sharma, Purva, Sheidaei, Ali, Shenoy, Suchitra M, Shetty, Jeevan K, Shiferaw, Damtew Solomon, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shirzad-Aski, Hesamaddin, Shivakumar, K M, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shobeiri, Parnian, Simegn, Wudneh, Simpson, Colin R, Singh, Harpreet, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Paramdeep, Siwal, Samarjeet Singh, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sood, Prashant, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Steiropoulos, Paschalis, Suleman, Muhammad, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tahamtan, Alireza, Taheri, Majid, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Taki, Elahe, Talaat, Iman M, Tampa, Mircea, Tandukar, Sarmila, Tat, Nathan Y, Tat, Vivian Y, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Temesgen, Gebremaryam, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfaye, Azene, Tesfaye, Degefa Gomora, Tessema, Belay, Thapar, Rekha, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiyuri, Amir, Tleyjeh, Imad I, Togtmol, Munkhsaikhan, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tufa, Derara Girma, Ullah, Irfan, Upadhyay, Era, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valdez, Pascual R, Valizadeh, Rohollah, Vardavas, Constantine, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vo, Bay, Vu, Linh Gia, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yu, Waris, Abdul, West, T Eoin, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yaghoubi, Sajad, Yahya, Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zandifar, Alireza, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zar, Heather J, Zare, Iman, Zareshahrabadi, Zahra, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeng, Wu, Zhang, Mengxi, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zumla, Alimuddin, Lim, Stephen S, Vos, Theo, Naghavi, Mohsen, Brauer, Michael, Hay, Simon I, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2022
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7. Postinfectious Pulmonary Complications: Establishing Research Priorities to Advance the Field: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

Author: Auld, Sara C., Sheshadri, Ajay, Alexander-Brett, Jennifer, Aschner, Yael, Barczak, Amy K., Basil, Maria C., Cohen, Keira A., Dela Cruz, Charles, McGroder, Claire, Restrepo, Marcos I., Ridge, Karen M., Schnapp, Lynn M., Traber, Katrina, Wunderink, Richard G., Zhang, David, Ziady, Assem, Attia, Engi F., Carter, Jane, Chalmers, James D., and Crothers, Kristina
Subjects: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, RESPIRATORY infections, LUNG infections
Abstract: Continued improvements in the treatment of pulmonary infections have paradoxically resulted in a growing challenge of individuals with postinfectious pulmonary complications (PIPCs). PIPCs have been long recognized after tuberculosis, but recent experiences such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic have underscored the importance of PIPCs following other lower respiratory tract infections. Independent of the causative pathogen, most available studies of pulmonary infections focus on short-term outcomes rather than long-term morbidity among survivors. In this document, we establish a conceptual scope for PIPCs with discussion of globally significant pulmonary pathogens and an examination of how these pathogens can damage different components of the lung, resulting in a spectrum of PIPCs. We also review potential mechanisms for the transition from acute infection to PIPC, including the interplay between pathogen-mediated injury and aberrant host responses, which together result in PIPCs. Finally, we identify cross-cutting research priorities for the field to facilitate future studies to establish the incidence of PIPCs, define common mechanisms, identify therapeutic strategies, and ultimately reduce the burden of morbidity in survivors of pulmonary infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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8. Markers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are associated with mortality in people living with HIV

Author: Triplette, Matthew, Justice, Amy, Attia, Engi F, Tate, Janet, Brown, Sheldon T, Goetz, Matthew Bidwell, Kim, Joon W, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, Hoo, Guy W Soo, Wongtrakool, Cherry, Akgün, Kathleen, and Crothers, Kristina
Subjects: Clinical Research, Prevention, Emphysema, Aging, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Lung, Tobacco, HIV/AIDS, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Biomarkers, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Respiratory Function Tests, Survival Analysis, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, chronic disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HIV, pulmonary emphysema, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Virology
Abstract: OBJECTIVE:Aging people living with HIV (PLWH) face an increased burden of comorbidities, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The impact of COPD on mortality in HIV remains unclear. We examined associations between markers of COPD and mortality among PLWH and uninfected study participants. DESIGN:Longitudinal analysis of the Examinations of HIV-Associated Lung Emphysema (EXHALE) cohort study. METHODS:EXHALE includes 196 PLWH and 165 uninfected smoking-matched study participants who underwent pulmonary function testing and computed tomography (CT) to define COPD and were followed. We determined associations between markers of COPD with mortality using multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for smoking and the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index, a validated predictor of mortality in HIV. RESULTS:Median follow-up time was 6.9 years; the mortality rate was 2.7/100 person-years among PLWH and 1.7/100 person-years among uninfected study participants (P = 0.11). The VACS Index was associated with mortality in both PLWH and uninfected study participants. In multivariable models, pulmonary function and CT characteristics defining COPD were associated with mortality in PLWH: those with airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in 1 s/ forced vital capacity 10% burden) had 2.4 times the risk of death [hazard ratio 2.4 (95% confidence interval 1.1-5.5)] compared with those with ≤ 10% emphysema. In uninfected subjects, pulmonary variables were not significantly associated with mortality, which may reflect fewer deaths limiting power. CONCLUSION:Markers of COPD were associated with greater mortality in PWLH, independent of the VACS Index. COPD is likely an important contributor to mortality in contemporary PLWH.
Published: 2018

9. Adverse health effects associated with household air pollution: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and burden estimation study

Author: Lee, Kuan Ken, Bing, Rong, Kiang, Joanne, Bashir, Sophia, Spath, Nicholas, Stelzle, Dominik, Mortimer, Kevin, Bularga, Anda, Doudesis, Dimitrios, Joshi, Shruti S, Strachan, Fiona, Gumy, Sophie, Adair-Rohani, Heather, Attia, Engi F, Chung, Michael H, Miller, Mark R, Newby, David E, Mills, Nicholas L, McAllister, David A, and Shah, Anoop S V
Published: 2020
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10. Association of COPD With Risk for Pulmonary Infections Requiring Hospitalization in HIV-Infected Veterans.

Author: Attia, Engi F, McGinnis, Kathleen A, Feemster, Laura C, Akgün, Kathleen M, Butt, Adeel A, Graber, Christopher J, Fine, Michael J, Goetz, Matthew B, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, Pisani, Margaret A, Tindle, Hilary A, Brown, Sheldon T, Soo Hoo, Guy W, Rimland, David, Gibert, Cynthia L, Huang, Laurence, Freiberg, Matthew S, Hough, Catherine L, and Crothers, Kristina
Subjects: Humans, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Community-Acquired Infections, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, HIV Infections, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Hospitalization, Viral Load, Risk Factors, Adult, Middle Aged, Veterans, Female, Male, COPD, pulmonary infection, pneumonia, HIV, comorbidities, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Pneumocystis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Pneumonia & Influenza, HIV/AIDS, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Lung, Infection, Respiratory, Virology, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract: BackgroundPulmonary infections remain more common in HIV-infected (HIV+) compared with uninfected individuals. The increase in chronic lung diseases among aging HIV+ individuals may contribute to this persistent risk. We sought to determine whether chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for different pulmonary infections requiring hospitalization among HIV+ patients.MethodsWe analyzed data from 41,993 HIV+ Veterans in the nationwide Veterans Aging Cohort Study Virtual Cohort from 1996 to 2009. Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, we identified baseline comorbid conditions, including COPD, and incident community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) requiring hospitalization within 2 years after baseline. We used multivariable Poisson regression to determine incidence rate ratios (IRRs) associated with COPD for each type of pulmonary infection, adjusting for comorbidities, CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, smoking status, substance use, vaccinations, and calendar year at baseline.ResultsUnadjusted incidence rates of CAP, TB, and PCP requiring hospitalization were significantly higher among persons with COPD compared to those without COPD (CAP: 53.9 vs. 19.4 per 1000 person-years; TB: 8.7 vs. 2.8; PCP: 15.5 vs. 9.2; P ≤ 0.001). In multivariable Poisson regression models, COPD was independently associated with increased risk of CAP, TB, and PCP (IRR: 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.64 to 2.30; IRR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.70 to 3.97; and IRR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.01, respectively).ConclusionsCOPD is an independent risk factor for CAP, TB, and PCP requiring hospitalization among HIV+ individuals. As the HIV+ population ages, the growing burden of COPD may confer substantial risk for pulmonary infections.
Published: 2015

11. Increased Risk of Radiographic Emphysema in HIV Is Associated With Elevated Soluble CD14 and Nadir CD4

Author: Attia, Engi F, Akgün, Kathleen M, Wongtrakool, Cherry, Goetz, Matthew Bidwell, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C, Rimland, David, Brown, Sheldon T, Hoo, Guy W Soo, Kim, Joon, Lee, Patty J, Schnapp, Lynn M, Sharafkhaneh, Amir, Justice, Amy C, and Crothers, Kristina
Subjects: Emphysema, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Lung, Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Prevention, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Infection, Adult, Age Factors, Biomarkers, CD4 Antigens, Comorbidity, Confidence Intervals, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, HIV Infections, Humans, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Logistic Models, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Prognosis, Pulmonary Emphysema, Radiography, Reference Values, Risk Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, Statistics, Nonparametric, Clinical Sciences, Respiratory System
Abstract: BackgroundThe association between HIV and emphysema remains incompletely understood. We sought to determine whether HIV is an independent risk factor for emphysema severity and whether markers of HIV severity and systemic biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6), altered coagulation (D-dimer), and immune activation (soluble CD14) are associated with emphysema.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of 114 participants with HIV infection and 89 participants without HIV infection in the Examinations of HIV-Associated Lung Emphysema (EXHALE) study. Participants underwent chest CT imaging with blinded semiquantitative interpretation of emphysema severity, distribution, and type. We generated multivariable logistic regression models to determine the risk of HIV for radiographic emphysema, defined as > 10% lung involvement. Similar analyses examined associations of plasma biomarkers, HIV RNA, and recent and nadir CD4 cell counts with emphysema among participants with HIV infection.ResultsParticipants with HIV infection had greater radiographic emphysema severity with increased lower lung zone and diffuse involvement. HIV was associated with significantly increased risk for > 10% emphysema in analyses adjusted for cigarette smoking pack-years (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.12-4.48). In multivariable analyses restricted to participants with HIV infection, nadir CD4 < 200 cells/μL (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.14-7.81), and high soluble CD14 level (upper 25th percentile) (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.04-6.22) were associated with increased risk of > 10% emphysema. IL-6 and D-dimer were not associated with emphysema in HIV.ConclusionsHIV is an independent risk factor for radiographic emphysema. Emphysema severity was significantly greater among participants with HIV infection. Among those with HIV, nadir CD4 < 200 cells/μL and elevated soluble CD14 level were associated with emphysema, highlighting potential mechanisms linking HIV with emphysema.
Published: 2014

12. Most Early-Treated Children With Perinatally Acquired HIV Have Preserved Lung Function at School Age

Author: Attia, Engi F., Moraa, Hellen, Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, Wamalwa, Dalton, Gómez, Laurén A., Rylance, Sarah, Vundla, Rumbidzayi, Ferrand, Rashida A., Karr, Catherine J., John-Stewart, Grace C., and Benki-Nugent, Sarah F.
Published: 2022
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13. Mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisations due to influenza lower respiratory tract infections, 2017: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Troeger, Christopher E, Blacker, Brigette F., Khalil, Ibrahim A., Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Albertson, Samuel B., Abate, Degu, Abdela, Jemal, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alahdab, Fares, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anjomshoa, Mina, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Aremu, Olatunde, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Atique, Suleman, Attia, Engi F., Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barac, Aleksandra, Bassat, Quique, Bedi, Neeraj, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Bennett, Derrick A., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Dhimal, Meghnath, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Edessa, Dumessa, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Fakhim, Hamed, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fischer, Florian, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foreman, Kyle J., Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, Geremew, Demeke, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Goulart, Alessandra C, Guo, Jingwen, Ha, Giang Hai, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamidi, Samer, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hoang, Chi Linh, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jonas, Jost B., Kahsay, Amaha, Karch, André, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kefale, Adane Teshome, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khang, Young-Ho, Khoja, Abdullah T, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Knibbs, Luke D, Kochhar, Sonali, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Majdan, Marek, Mehta, Varshil, Melese, Addisu, Memish, Ziad A, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Milne, George J, Milosevic, Branko, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Monasta, Lorenzo, Morawska, Lidia, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muhammed, Oumer Sada S, Murthy, Srinivas, Mustafa, Ghulam, Naheed, Aliya, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Nam Ba, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, Nixon, Molly R, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, P A, Mahesh, Pakhale, Smita, Patel, Shanti, Paudel, Deepak, Pigott, David M, Postma, Maarten J, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Roberts, Nicholas L S, Ronfani, Luca, Rubino, Salvatore, Safari, Saeed, Safiri, Saeid, Saleem, Zikria, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharif, Mehdi, Sheikh, Aziz, Shigematsu, Mika, Smith, David L, Somayaji, Ranjani, Soriano, Joan B, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vu, Giang Thu, Wada, Fiseha Wadilo, Waheed, Yasir, West, T. Eoin, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zaidi, Zoubida, Vos, Theo, Lim, Stephen S, Murray, Christopher J L, Mokdad, Ali H, Hay, Simon I., and Reiner, Robert C
Published: 2019
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14. Global influenza surveillance systems to detect the spread of influenza-negative influenza-like illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: Time series outlier analyses from 2015-2020

Author: Cobb, Natalie L., Collier, Sigrid, Attia, Engi F., Augusto, Orvalho, West, T. Eoin, and Wagenaar, Bradley H.
Subjects: Epidemics -- Control -- Prevention, Electronic surveillance -- Methods, Time-series analysis -- Methods, Influenza -- Distribution -- International aspects -- Control, Company distribution practices, Biological sciences, International Organization for Standardization -- Services
Abstract: Background Surveillance systems are important in detecting changes in disease patterns and can act as early warning systems for emerging disease outbreaks. We hypothesized that analysis of data from existing global influenza surveillance networks early in the COVID-19 pandemic could identify outliers in influenza-negative influenza-like illness (ILI). We used data-driven methods to detect outliers in ILI that preceded the first reported peaks of COVID-19. Methods and findings We used data from the World Health Organization's Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System to evaluate time series outliers in influenza-negative ILI. Using automated autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series outlier detection models and baseline influenza-negative ILI training data from 2015-2019, we analyzed 8,792 country-weeks across 28 countries to identify the first week in 2020 with a positive outlier in influenza-negative ILI. We present the difference in weeks between identified outliers and the first reported COVID-19 peaks in these 28 countries with high levels of data completeness for influenza surveillance data and the highest number of reported COVID-19 cases globally in 2020. To account for missing data, we also performed a sensitivity analysis using linear interpolation for missing observations of influenza-negative ILI. In 16 of the 28 countries (57%) included in this study, we identified positive outliers in cases of influenza-negative ILI that predated the first reported COVID-19 peak in each country; the average lag between the first positive ILI outlier and the reported COVID-19 peak was 13.3 weeks (standard deviation 6.8). In our primary analysis, the earliest outliers occurred during the week of January 13, 2020, in Peru, the Philippines, Poland, and Spain. Using linear interpolation for missing data, the earliest outliers were detected during the weeks beginning December 30, 2019, and January 20, 2020, in Poland and Peru, respectively. This contrasts with the reported COVID-19 peaks, which occurred on April 6 in Poland and June 1 in Peru. In many low- and middle-income countries in particular, the lag between detected outliers and COVID-19 peaks exceeded 12 weeks. These outliers may represent undetected spread of SARS-CoV-2, although a limitation of this study is that we could not evaluate SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Conclusions Using an automated system of influenza-negative ILI outlier monitoring may have informed countries of the spread of COVID-19 more than 13 weeks before the first reported COVID-19 peaks. This proof-of-concept paper suggests that a system of influenza-negative ILI outlier monitoring could have informed national and global responses to SARS-CoV-2 during the rapid spread of this novel pathogen in early 2020., Author(s): Natalie L. Cobb 1,*, Sigrid Collier 2,3, Engi F. Attia 1, Orvalho Augusto 4, T. Eoin West 1,4,5, Bradley H. Wagenaar 4,6 Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [...]
Published: 2022
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15. Venous thromboembolism among people with HIV: Design, implementation, and findings of a centralized adjudication system in clinical care sites across the United States

Author: Crane, Heidi M, primary, Nance, Robin M, additional, Ruderman, Stephanie A, additional, Haidar, Lara, additional, Tenforde, Mark W, additional, Heckbert, Susan R, additional, Budoff, Matthew J, additional, Hahn, Andrew W, additional, Drumright, Lydia N., additional, Ma, Jimmy, additional, Mixson, L. S., additional, Lober, William B, additional, Barnes, Gregory S, additional, McReynolds, Justin, additional, Attia, Engi F, additional, Peter, Inga, additional, Moges, Tesfaye, additional, Bamford, Laura, additional, Cachay, Edward, additional, Mathews, William C, additional, Christopolous, Katerina, additional, Hunt, Peter W, additional, Napravnik, Sonia, additional, Keruly, Jeanne, additional, Moore, Richard D, additional, Burkholder, Greer, additional, Willig, Amanda L, additional, Lindstrom, Sara, additional, Whitney, Bridget M, additional, Saag, Michael S, additional, Kitahata, Mari M, additional, Crothers, Kristina A, additional, and Delaney, Joseph AC, additional
Published: 2023
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16. Validation of the global lung initiative 2012 multi-ethnic spirometric reference equations in healthy urban Zimbabwean 7–13 year-old school children: a cross-sectional observational study

Author: Madanhire, Tafadzwa, Ferrand, Rashida A., Attia, Engi F., Sibanda, Elopy N., Rusakaniko, Simba, and Rehman, Andrea M.
Published: 2020
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17. Venous Thromboembolism Among People With HIV: Design, Implementation, and Findings of a Centralized Adjudication System in Clinical Care Sites Across the United States.

Author: Crane, Heidi M., Nance, Robin M., Ruderman, Stephanie A., Haidar, Lara, Tenforde, Mark W., Heckbert, Susan R., Budoff, Matthew J., Hahn, Andrew W., Drumright, Lydia N., Ma, Jimmy, Mixson, L. S., Lober, William B., Barnes, Gregory S., McReynolds, Justin, Attia, Engi F., Peter, Inga, Moges, Tesfaye, Bamford, Laura, Cachay, Edward, and Mathews, William C.
Published: 2024
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18. Endothelial Activation, Innate Immune Activation, and Inflammation Are Associated With Postbronchodilator Airflow Limitation and Obstruction Among Adolescents Living With HIV

Author: Attia, Engi F., Bhatraju, Pavan K., Triplette, Matthew, Kosamo, Susanna, Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, West, Timothy Eoin, Richardson, Barbra A., Zifodya, Jerry S., Eskander, Sherry, Njiru, Christine D., Warui, Danson, Kicska, Gregory A., Chung, Michael H., Crothers, Kristina, Liles, Wayne Conrad, and Graham, Susan M.
Published: 2020
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19. Tuberculosis and other bacterial co-infection in Cambodia: a single center retrospective cross-sectional study

Author: Attia, Engi F., Pho, Yaty, Nhem, Somary, Sok, Chandara, By, Borady, Phann, Dariven, Nob, Huy, Thann, Sovanndeth, Yin, Sinath, Noce, Rachael, Kim, Chamrouensann, Letchford, Joanne, Fassier, Thomas, Chan, Sarin, and West, T. Eoin
Published: 2019
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20. Adolescent age is an independent risk factor for abnormal spirometry among people living with HIV in Kenya

Author: Attia, Engi F., Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, West, T. Eoin, Ndukwe-Wambutsi, Lilian, Kiptinness, Catherine, Cagle, Anthony, McGrath, Christine J., Mugambi, Celestine K., El Antouny, Neveen G., Eskander, Sherry, Chung, Michael H., and Crothers, Kristina
Published: 2018
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21. Bronchiectasis and other chronic lung diseases in adolescents living with HIV

Author: Attia, Engi F., Miller, Robert F., and Ferrand, Rashida A.
Published: 2017
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22. Characteristics and Outcomes of US Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19

Author: Peltan, Ithan D., primary, Caldwell, Ellen, additional, Admon, Andrew J., additional, Attia, Engi F., additional, Gundel, Stephanie J., additional, Mathews, Kusum S., additional, Nagrebetsky, Alexander, additional, Sahetya, Sarina K., additional, Ulysse, Christine, additional, Brown, Samuel M., additional, Chang, Steven Y., additional, Goodwin, Andrew J., additional, Hope, Aluko A., additional, Iwashyna, Theodore J., additional, Johnson, Nicholas J., additional, Lanspa, Michael J., additional, Richardson, Lynne D., additional, Vranas, Kelly C., additional, Angus, Derek C., additional, Baron, Rebecca M., additional, Haaland, Benjamin A., additional, Hayden, Douglas L., additional, Thompson, B. Taylor, additional, Rice, Todd W., additional, and Hough, Catherine L., additional
Published: 2022
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23. Global Health Education in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowships

Author: Siddharthan, Trishul, North, Crystal M., Attia, Engi F., Christiani, David C., Checkley, William, and West, Eoin T.
Published: 2016
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24. ATS Core Curriculum 2015: Part IV. Adult Critical Care Medicine

Author: Poston, Jason T., McSparron, Jakob I., Hayes, Margaret M., Damm, Tessa, Patel, Jayshil J., Decker, Brooke K., Attia, Engi F., Çoruh, Başak, Cai, Xuemei, Kimberly, Taylor W., Poisson, Sharon N., Sokol, Sarah, Csikesz, Nicholas, Levinson, Andrew T., Thomson, Carey C., and Luks, Andrew M.
Published: 2015
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25. Chronic obstructive lung diseases

Author: Attia, Engi F., primary and Crothers, Kristina, additional
Published: 2014
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26. Pediatric Pneumonia: Another Problem Plagued by Inequity in Healthcare

Author: Attia, Engi F., primary, Kaufman, Joel D, additional, and Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, additional
Published: 2021
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27. Immune imbalance and activation are associated with lower lung function in youth with perinatally acquired HIV

Author: Attia, Engi F., Jacobson, Denise, Yu, Wendy, Crowell, Claudia S., Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, Williams, Paige L., West, T. Eoin, Burchett, Sandra K., Kattan, Meyer, Colin, Andrew A., Eskander, Sherry, Chung, Michael H., Crothers, Kristina, and Shearer, William T.
Published: 2020
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28. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Dicker, Daniel, Nguyen, Grant, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh brahim, Ahmed, Sayem, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Anlay, Degefaye Zelalem, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Lari, Mohsen, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Ataro, Zerihun, Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Attia, Engi F, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Awuah, Baffour, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatia, Eesh, Bhatt, Samir, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bjørge, Tone, Bleyer, Archie, Basara, Berrak Bora, Bose, Dipan, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brant, Luisa C, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Burke, Kristin E, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Callender, Charlton S K H, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Çavlin, Alanur, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Champs, Ana Paula, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chen, Wanqing, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Cohen, Aaron J, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Constantin, Maria-Magdalena, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Crump, John A, Cucu, Alexandra, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Siddharth K, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Weaver, Nicole Davis, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, Dayama, Anand, Courten, Barbora de, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, De leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Degfie, Tizta T, Deiparine, Selina, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demtsu, Balem Betsu, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Ding, Eric L, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dolan, Kate A, Donnelly, Christl A, Dorsey, E Ray, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Doyle, Kerrie E, Drake, Thomas M, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre R, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Eggen, Anne Elise, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, Elfaramawi, Mohammed, El-Khatib, Ziad, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal R F, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeili, Reza, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Fakhar, Mahdi, Fakhim, Hamed, Farag, Tamer, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Feizy, Fariba, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Fischer, Florian, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A, Ford, John A, Foreman, Kyle J, Fornari, Carla, Frank, Tahvi D, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Futran, Neal D, Galan, Adriana, Gallus, Silvano, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, Gebre, Teshome, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gessner, Bradford D, Getachew, Sefonias, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gillum, Richard F, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gomez-Cabrera, Mari Carmen, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gyawali, Bishal, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Handal, Alexis J, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasan, Mehedi, Hassankhani, Hadi, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hay, Roderick J, Hay, Simon I, He, Yihua, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Henry, Nathaniel J, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Heydarpour, Pouria, Heydarpour, Sousan, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hoek, Hans W, Hole, Michael K, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Hoogar, Praveen, Horino, Masako, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hotez, Peter J, Hoy, Damian G, 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Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zachariah, Geevar, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafar, Shamsa, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeeb, Hajo, Zeleke, Mulugeta Molla, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Xueying, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna J, Lopez, Alan D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Murray, Christopher J L
Subjects: Child mortality, Alnæmi, Dánartíðni, Heilsufar, GBD, Börn, Dauði, Almennar lyflækningar, Fullorðnir, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Psychology, age-specific mortality, Estimating adult mortality, Medicine (all), HIV, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, General Medicine, All-cause mortality, humanities, Countries, Death, mortality, national, Sálfræði, Health, GBD, mortality, Human medicine, Trends
Abstract: The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. Data for this research was provided by MEASURE Evaluation, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). Views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of USAID, the US Government, or MEASURE Evaluation. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with licence no. SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law-2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data., Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950. Findings Globally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4–19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2–59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5–49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1–70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7–54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3–75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5–51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9–88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3–238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6–42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2–5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development. Interpretation This analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing., Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the University of Melbourne, Public Health England, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health (award P30AG047845), and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (award R01MH110163).
Published: 2018

29. Acute wheeze in the pediatric population : Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

Author: Katz, Mark A., Marangu, Diana, Attia, Engi F., Bauwens, Jorgen, Bont, Louis J., Bulatovic, Annamaria, Crane, Julian, Doroshenko, Alexander, Ebruke, Bernard E., Edwards, Kathryn M., Fortuna, Librada, Jagelaviciene, Agne, Joshi, Jyoti, Kemp, James, Kovacs, Stephanie, Lambach, Philipp, Lewis, Kristen D.C., Ortiz, Justin R., Simões, Eric A F, Turner, Paul, Tagbo, Beckie N., Vaishnavi, Vikas, Bonhoeffer, Jan, Katz, Mark A., Marangu, Diana, Attia, Engi F., Bauwens, Jorgen, Bont, Louis J., Bulatovic, Annamaria, Crane, Julian, Doroshenko, Alexander, Ebruke, Bernard E., Edwards, Kathryn M., Fortuna, Librada, Jagelaviciene, Agne, Joshi, Jyoti, Kemp, James, Kovacs, Stephanie, Lambach, Philipp, Lewis, Kristen D.C., Ortiz, Justin R., Simões, Eric A F, Turner, Paul, Tagbo, Beckie N., Vaishnavi, Vikas, and Bonhoeffer, Jan
Published: 2019

30. Adverse health effects associated with household air pollution: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and burden estimation study

Author: Lee, Kuan Ken;Bing, Rong;Kiang, Joanne;Bashir, Sophia;Spath, Nicholas;Stelzle, Dominik;Mortimer, Kevin;Bularga, Anda;Doudesis, Dimitrios;Joshi, Shruti S;Strachan, Fiona;Gumy, Sophie;Adair-Rohani, Heather;Attia, Engi F;Chung, Michael H;Miller, Mark R;Newby, David E;Mills, Nicholas L;McAllister, David A;Shah, Anoop S V and Lee, Kuan Ken;Bing, Rong;Kiang, Joanne;Bashir, Sophia;Spath, Nicholas;Stelzle, Dominik;Mortimer, Kevin;Bularga, Anda;Doudesis, Dimitrios;Joshi, Shruti S;Strachan, Fiona;Gumy, Sophie;Adair-Rohani, Heather;Attia, Engi F;Chung, Michael H;Miller, Mark R;Newby, David E;Mills, Nicholas L;McAllister, David A;Shah, Anoop S V
Published: 2019

31. Acute wheeze in the pediatric population: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

Author: CTI Bont, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), Katz, Mark A., Marangu, Diana, Attia, Engi F., Bauwens, Jorgen, Bont, Louis J., Bulatovic, Annamaria, Crane, Julian, Doroshenko, Alexander, Ebruke, Bernard E., Edwards, Kathryn M., Fortuna, Librada, Jagelaviciene, Agne, Joshi, Jyoti, Kemp, James, Kovacs, Stephanie, Lambach, Philipp, Lewis, Kristen D.C., Ortiz, Justin R., Simões, Eric A F, Turner, Paul, Tagbo, Beckie N., Vaishnavi, Vikas, Bonhoeffer, Jan, CTI Bont, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), Katz, Mark A., Marangu, Diana, Attia, Engi F., Bauwens, Jorgen, Bont, Louis J., Bulatovic, Annamaria, Crane, Julian, Doroshenko, Alexander, Ebruke, Bernard E., Edwards, Kathryn M., Fortuna, Librada, Jagelaviciene, Agne, Joshi, Jyoti, Kemp, James, Kovacs, Stephanie, Lambach, Philipp, Lewis, Kristen D.C., Ortiz, Justin R., Simões, Eric A F, Turner, Paul, Tagbo, Beckie N., Vaishnavi, Vikas, and Bonhoeffer, Jan
Published: 2019

32. Global Health–related Training Opportunities. A National Survey of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship Programs

Author: North, Crystal M., primary, Attia, Engi F., additional, Rudd, Kristina E., additional, Siddharthan, Trishul, additional, Papali, Alfred, additional, Çoruh, Başak, additional, Carter, E. Jane, additional, Christiani, David C., additional, Richards, Jeremy B., additional, Huang, Laurence, additional, Engelberg, Ruth, additional, Checkley, William, additional, and West, T. Eoin, additional
Published: 2019
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33. Acute wheeze in the pediatric population: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data

Author: Katz, Mark A., primary, Marangu, Diana, additional, Attia, Engi F., additional, Bauwens, Jorgen, additional, Bont, Louis J., additional, Bulatovic, Annamaria, additional, Crane, Julian, additional, Doroshenko, Alexander, additional, Ebruke, Bernard E., additional, Edwards, Kathryn M., additional, Fortuna, Librada, additional, Jagelaviciene, Agne, additional, Joshi, Jyoti, additional, Kemp, James, additional, Kovacs, Stephanie, additional, Lambach, Philipp, additional, Lewis, Kristen D.C., additional, Ortiz, Justin R., additional, Simões, Eric A.F., additional, Turner, Paul, additional, Tagbo, Beckie N., additional, Vaishnavi, Vikas, additional, and Bonhoeffer, Jan, additional
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Dicker, D, Nguyen, G, Abate, D, Abate, K, Abay, S, Abbafati, C, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdi, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abdurahman, A, Abebe, H, Abebe, M, Abebe, Z, Abebo, T, Aboyans, V, Abraha, H, Abrham, A, Abu-Raddad, L, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, P, Adebayo, O, Adedeji, I, Adedoyin, R, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adhena, B, Adhikari, T, Adib, M, Adou, A, Adsuar, J, Afarideh, M, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Aggarwal, R, Aghayan, S, Agrawal, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmadi, M, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Aichour, A, Aichour, I, Aichour, M, Akanda, A, Akbari, M, Akibu, M, Akinyemi, R, Akinyemiju, T, Akseer, N, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alebel, A, Aleman, A, Alene, K, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali, R, Alijanzadeh, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Aljunid, S, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Allen, C, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, E, Ammar, W, Amoako, Y, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Animut, M, Anjomshoa, M, Anlay, D, Ansari, H, Ansariadi, A, Ansha, M, Antonio, C, Appiah, S, Aremu, O, Areri, H, Ärnlöv, J, Arora, M, Artaman, A, Aryal, K, Asadi-Lari, M, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Asgedom, S, Assadi, R, Ataro, Z, Atey, T, Athari, S, Atique, S, Atre, S, Atteraya, M, Attia, E, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Awuah, B, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayele, H, Ayele, Y, Ayer, R, Ayuk, T, Azzopardi, P, Azzopardi-Muscat, N, Badali, H, Badawi, A, Balakrishnan, K, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banstola, A, Barac, A, Barboza, M, Barquera, S, Barrero, L, Basaleem, H, Bassat, Q, Basu, A, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Behzadifar, M, Béjot, Y, Bekele, B, Belachew, A, Belay, A, Belay, E, Belay, S, Belay, Y, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Berhane, A, Berman, A, Bernabe, E, Bernstein, R, Bertolacci, G, Beuran, M, Beyranvand, T, Bhala, N, Bhatia, E, Bhatt, S, Bhattarai, S, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, Z, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bililign, N, Bin Sayeed, M, Birlik, S, Birungi, C, Bisanzio, D, Biswas, T, Bjørge, T, Bleyer, A, Basara, B, Bose, D, Bosetti, C, Boufous, S, Bourne, R, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Brant, L, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Brugha, T, Burke, K, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Callender, C, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cano, J, Car, M, Cárdenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castillo Rivas, J, Castro, F, Catalá-López, F, Çavlin, A, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Champs, A, Chang, H, Chang, J, Chattopadhyay, A, Chaturvedi, P, Chen, W, Chiang, P, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chin, K, Chisumpa, V, Chitheer, A, Choi, J, Christensen, H, Christopher, D, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Ciobanu, L, Cirillo, M, Claro, R, Cohen, A, Collado-Mateo, D, Constantin, M, Conti, S, Cooper, C, Cooper, L, Cortesi, P, Cortinovis, M, Cousin, E, Criqui, M, Cromwell, E, Crowe, C, Crump, J, Cucu, A, Cunningham, M, Daba, A, Dachew, B, Dadi, A, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dang, A, Dargan, P, Daryani, A, Das, S, Das Gupta, R, das Neves, J, Dasa, T, Dash, A, Weaver, N, Davitoiu, D, Davletov, K, Dayama, A, Courten, B, De la Hoz, F, De leo, D, De Neve, J, Degefa, M, Degenhardt, L, Degfie, T, Deiparine, S, Dellavalle, R, Demoz, G, Demtsu, B, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Des Jarlais, D, Dessie, G, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Ding, E, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Dolan, K, Donnelly, C, Dorsey, E, Douwes-Schultz, D, Doyle, K, Drake, T, Driscoll, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi, H, Ebrahimpour, S, Edessa, D, Edvardsson, D, Eggen, A, El Bcheraoui, C, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elfaramawi, M, El-Khatib, Z, Ellingsen, C, Elyazar, I, Enayati, A, Endries, A, Er, B, Ermakov, S, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeili, R, Esteghamati, A, Esteghamati, S, Fakhar, M, Fakhim, H, Farag, T, Faramarzi, M, Fareed, M, Farhadi, F, Farid, T, Farinha, C, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farvid, M, Farzadfar, F, Farzaei, M, Fazeli, M, Feigin, V, Feigl, A, Feizy, F, Fentahun, N, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, G, Fijabi, D, Filip, I, Finegold, S, Fischer, F, Flor, L, Foigt, N, Ford, J, Foreman, K, Fornari, C, Frank, T, Franklin, R, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, J, Fullman, N, Fürst, T, Furtado, J, Futran, N, Galan, A, Gallus, S, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gankpe, F, Garcia-Basteiro, A, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gebre, T, Gebre, A, Gebregergs, G, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremedhin, A, Gelano, T, Gelaw, Y, Geleijnse, J, Genova-Maleras, R, Gessner, B, Getachew, S, Gething, P, Gezae, K, Ghadami, M, Ghadimi, R, Ghasemi Falavarjani, K, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Ghiasvand, H, Ghimire, M, Ghoshal, A, Gill, P, Gill, T, Gillum, R, Giussani, G, Goenka, S, Goli, S, Gomez, R, Gomez-Cabrera, M, Gómez-Dantés, H, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, S, Goto, A, Goulart, A, Goulart, B, Grada, A, Grosso, G, Gugnani, H, Guimaraes, A, Guo, Y, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Gupta, T, Gyawali, B, Haagsma, J, Hachinski, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hagos, T, Hailegiyorgis, T, Hailu, G, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Handal, A, Hankey, G, Harb, H, Harikrishnan, S, Haririan, H, Haro, J, Hasan, M, Hassankhani, H, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, R, Hay, S, He, Y, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, A, Hegazy, M, Heibati, B, Heidari, M, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Henry, N, Heredia-Pi, I, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Heydarpour, P, Heydarpour, S, Hibstu, D, Hoek, H, Hole, M, Homaie Rad, E, Hoogar, P, Horino, M, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, S, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, S, Hostiuc, M, Hotez, P, Hoy, D, Hsairi, M, Htet, A, Hu, G, Huang, J, Husseini, A, Hussen, M, Hutfless, S, Iburg, K, Igumbor, E, Ikeda, C, Ilesanmi, O, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Isehunwa, O, Islam, S, Islami, F, Jahangiry, L, Jahanmehr, N, Jain, R, Jain, S, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jayaraman, S, Jayatilleke, A, Jee, S, Jeemon, P, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Johnson, S, Jonas, J, Joshi, A, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jürisson, M, K, M, Kabir, Z, Kadel, R, Kahsay, A, Kahssay, M, Kalani, R, Kapil, U, Karami, M, Karami Matin, B, Karch, A, Karema, C, Karimi, N, Karimi, S, Karimi-Sari, H, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, G, Kassa, T, Kassa, Z, Kassebaum, N, Katibeh, M, Katikireddi, S, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kazemeini, H, Kazemi, Z, Karyani, A, K C, P, Kebede, S, Keiyoro, P, Kemp, G, Kengne, A, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khajavi, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khanna, T, Khater, M, Khatony, A, Khazaie, H, Khoja, A, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, M, Khubchandani, J, Kiadaliri, A, Kibret, G, Kim, C, Kim, D, Kim, J, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kinra, S, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kissoon, N, Kivimäki, M, Kleber, M, Knibbs, L, Knudsen, A, Kochhar, S, Kokubo, Y, Kolola, T, Kopec, J, Kosek, M, Kosen, S, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishan, K, Krishnaswami, S, Kuate Defo, B, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kudom, A, Kuipers, E, Kulikoff, X, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kumsa, F, Kutz, M, Lad, S, Lafranconi, A, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lami, F, Lan, Q, Langan, S, Lansingh, V, Lansky, S, Larson, H, Laryea, D, Lassi, Z, Latifi, A, Lavados, P, Laxmaiah, A, Lazarus, J, Lebedev, G, Lee, P, Leigh, J, Leshargie, C, Leta, S, Levi, M, Li, S, Li, Y, Li, X, Liang, J, Liang, X, Liben, M, Lim, L, Lim, S, Limenih, M, Linn, S, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lodha, R, Logroscino, G, Lonsdale, C, Lorch, S, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lozano, R, Lucas, T, Lunevicius, R, Lyons, R, Ma, S, Mabika, C, Macarayan, E, Mackay, M, Maddison, E, Maddison, R, Madotto, F, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Maghavani, D, Majdan, M, Majdzadeh, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, M, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manamo, W, Manda, A, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Mapoma, C, Marami, D, Maravilla, J, Marcenes, W, Marina, S, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins, S, Martins-Melo, F, März, W, Marzan, M, Mashamba-Thompson, T, Masiye, F, Massenburg, B, Maulik, P, Mazidi, M, Mcgrath, J, Mckee, M, Mehata, S, Mehendale, S, Mehndiratta, M, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, K, Mehta, V, Mekonen, T, Mekonnen, T, Meles, H, Meles, K, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Memish, Z, Mendoza, W, Mengistu, D, Mengistu, G, Mensah, G, Mereta, S, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Mezgebe, H, Miangotar, Y, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Misganaw, A, Moazen, B, Moges, N, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani, M, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, M, Mohan, V, Mokdad, A, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradinazar, M, Moraga, P, Morawska, L, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morgado-da-Costa, J, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Moschos, M, Mousavi, S, Muche, A, Muchie, K, Mueller, U, Mukhopadhyay, S, Mullany, E, Muller, K, Murhekar, M, Murphy, T, Murthy, G, Murthy, S, Musa, J, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nachega, J, Nagel, G, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Nair, S, Najafi, F, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Nascimento, B, Nawaz, H, Ncama, B, Neamati, N, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Neupane, S, Newton, C, 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Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakir, Raad A, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheth, Kevin N, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder 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Abstract: Background: Assessments of age-specifc mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Afairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally. Methods: The GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specifc mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in diferent compon
Published: 2018

35. Pediatric Pneumonia: Another Problem Plagued by Inequity in Health Care.

Author: Attia, Engi F., Kaufman, Joel D., and Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth
Subjects: PNEUMONIA, NUTRITION, VACCINATION, ANTIBIOTICS, OXYGEN
Abstract: An editorial is presented on pediatric pneumonia decreasing substantially in the advent of improved early-life nutrition, living conditions, and vaccinations. Topics include higher prevalence of risk factors for pneumonia in the face of fewer resources for diagnosis and treatment; and containing life-saving interventions such as antibiotics, supplemental oxygen, and in the most severe cases ventilatory support.
Published: 2022
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36. Impact of HIV infection on α1-antitrypsin in the lung

Author: Stephenson, Sarah E., primary, Wilson, Carole L., additional, Crothers, Kristina, additional, Attia, Engi F., additional, Wongtrakool, Cherry, additional, Petrache, Irina, additional, and Schnapp, Lynn M., additional
Published: 2018
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37. What Can Big Data Teach Us About Air Pollution and Pneumonia?

Author: Sack, Coralynn and Attia, Engi F.
Subjects: *AIR pollution, *BIG data, *PNEUMONIA
Published: 2023
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38. Risk Factors for Hypoxia and Tachypnea Among Adolescents With Vertically-acquired HIV in Nairobi

Author: Attia, Engi F., primary, Weiss, Noel S., additional, Maleche Obimbo, Elizabeth, additional, McGrath, Christine J., additional, Cagle, Anthony, additional, West, T. Eoin, additional, El Antouny, Neveen G., additional, Attwa, Mena, additional, Crothers, Kristina, additional, and Chung, Michael H., additional
Published: 2017
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39. A Low Peripheral Blood CD4/CD8 Ratio Is Associated with Pulmonary Emphysema in HIV

Author: Triplette, Matthew, primary, Attia, Engi F., additional, Akgün, Kathleen M., additional, Soo Hoo, Guy W., additional, Freiberg, Matthew S., additional, Butt, Adeel A., additional, Wongtrakool, Cherry, additional, Goetz, Matthew Bidwell, additional, Brown, Sheldon T., additional, Graber, Christopher J., additional, Huang, Laurence, additional, and Crothers, Kristina, additional
Published: 2017
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40. Pulmonary Immunocompromise in HIV Disease

Author: Attia, Engi F., Maleche-Obimbo, Elizabeth, Ellington, Laura E., and North, Crystal M.
Abstract: The spectrum of pulmonary disease in people with HIV (PWH) across the lifespan has shifted from acute, infectious and AIDS-defining illnesses to a greater burden of chronic, non-communicable processes. The immune compromise associated with HIV continues to contribute to greater risk of acute infectious, opportunistic and AIDS-defining pulmonary diseases, especially among those with detectable viral load. With expanding global access to contemporary antiretroviral therapy (ART) and improved survival, PWH are also at increased risk of the aforementioned chronic pulmonary diseases. Risk factors for pulmonary disease include HIV and HIV-related immunosuppression, tobacco smoking, inhaled pollutants, prior pulmonary infections, sex differences and disparities in social determinants of health, and differ in prevalence across high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There are sparse data to specifically guide prevention, diagnosis and management of pulmonary diseases for PWH, and most recommendations are drawn from those for the general population. However, recent and ongoing clinical trials suggest there may be interventions that can be targeted to PWH to mitigate the burden of chronic pulmonary disease and improve lung health globally. Here, we review the epidemiology and risk factors of pulmonary disease in PWH across the lifespan during the contemporary ART era. We focus on recommendations for clinical care of pulmonary disease relevant to PWH, including emerging data from recent and ongoing clinical trials.
Published: 2024
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41. Latent Tuberculosis Infection Test Agreement in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Author: Ghassemieh, Bijan J., primary, Attia, Engi F., additional, Koelle, David M., additional, Mancuso, James D., additional, Narita, Masahiro, additional, and Horne, David J., additional
Published: 2016
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42. Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) Is Elevated in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Author: Attia, Engi F., primary, Jolley, Sarah E., additional, Crothers, Kristina, additional, Schnapp, Lynn M., additional, and Liles, W. Conrad, additional
Published: 2016
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43. Impact of HIV infection on α1-antitrypsin in the lung.

Author: Stephenson, Sarah E., Wilson, Carole L., Crothers, Kristina, Attia, Engi F., Wongtrakool, Cherry, Petrache, Irina, and Schnapp, Lynn M.
Subjects: PULMONARY emphysema, HIV infection complications, TRYPSIN inhibitors
Abstract: Emphysema is one of the most common lung diseases in HIV+ individuals. The pathogenesis of HIV-associated emphysema remains unclear; however, radiographic distribution and earlier age of presentation of emphysema in the lungs of HIV+ patients are similar to deficiency of 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), a key elastase inhibitor in the lung. Reduced levels of circulating A1AT in HIV+ patients suggest a potential mechanism for emphysema development. In the present study we asked if A1AT levels and activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) differ in HIV+ and HIV- patients with and without emphysema. A1AT levels were measured by ELISA in plasma and BALF from a cohort of 21 HIV+ and 29 HIV- patients with or without emphysematous changes on chest CT scan. To analyze A1AT function, we measured elastase activity in the BALF and assessed oxidation and polymerization of A1AT by Western blotting. Total A1AT was increased in the BALF, but not in the plasma, of HIV+ compared with HIV- patients, regardless of the presence or absence of emphysema. However, antielastase activity was decreased in BALF from HIV+ patients, suggesting impaired A1AT function. Higher levels of the oxidized form of A1AT were detected in BALF from HIV+ than HIV- patients, which may account for the decreased antielastase activity. These findings suggest that, in the lungs of HIV+ patients, posttranslational modifications of A1AT produce a "functional deficiency" of this critical elastase inhibitor, which may contribute to emphysema development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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44. Association of COPD With Risk for Pulmonary Infections Requiring Hospitalization in HIV-Infected Veterans

Author: Attia, Engi F., primary, McGinnis, Kathleen A., additional, Feemster, Laura C., additional, Akgün, Kathleen M., additional, Butt, Adeel A., additional, Graber, Christopher J., additional, Fine, Michael J., additional, Goetz, Matthew B., additional, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C., additional, Pisani, Margaret A., additional, Tindle, Hilary A., additional, Brown, Sheldon T., additional, Soo Hoo, Guy W., additional, Rimland, David, additional, Gibert, Cynthia L., additional, Huang, Laurence, additional, Freiberg, Matthew S., additional, Hough, Catherine L., additional, and Crothers, Kristina, additional
Published: 2015
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45. Increased Risk of Radiographic Emphysema in HIV Is Associated With Elevated Soluble CD 14 and Nadir CD4.

Author: Attia, Engi F., Akgun, Kathleen M., Wongtrakool, Cherry, Goetz, Matthew Bidwell, Rodriguez-Barradas, Maria C., Rimland, David, Brown, Sheldon T., Soo Hoo, Guy IV, Joon Kim, Lee, Patty J., Schnapp, Lynn M., Sharafkhaneh, Amir, Justice, Amy C., and Crothers, Kristina
Subjects: PULMONARY emphysema, OBSTRUCTIVE lung diseases, HIV, BIOMARKERS, BLOOD coagulation
Abstract: The article discusses a study on the association between the increased risk of radiographic emphysema and the markers of the severity of human immunodeficiency virus and systemic biomarkers of inflammation, altered coagulation, and immune activation. Topics covered include the use of chest computed tomography for determining emphysema severity, distribution and type, and the role of cigarette smoking in the increase in emphysema risk.
Published: 2014
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46. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Dicker, Daniel, Nguyen, Grant, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh brahim, Ahmed, Sayem, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Anlay, Degefaye Zelalem, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asadi-Lari, Mohsen, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Ataro, Zerihun, Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Attia, Engi F, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, Awasthi, Ashish, Awuah, Baffour, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banstola, Amrit, Barac, Aleksandra, Barboza, Miguel A, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Arindam, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Béjot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhane, Adugnaw, Berman, Adam E, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhatia, Eesh, Bhatt, Samir, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Soumyadeeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Bjørge, Tone, Bleyer, Archie, Basara, Berrak Bora, Bose, Dipan, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brant, Luisa C, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Burke, Kristin E, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Callender, Charlton S K H, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, Cano, Jorge, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Çavlin, Alanur, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Champs, Ana Paula, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chen, Wanqing, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheer, Abdulaal, Choi, Jee-Young J, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Claro, Rafael M, Cohen, Aaron J, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, Constantin, Maria-Magdalena, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Crump, John A, Cucu, Alexandra, Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Siddharth K, Das 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Ziad, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, Elyazar, Iqbal R F, Enayati, Ahmadali, Endries, Aman Yesuf Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeili, Reza, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Fakhar, Mahdi, Fakhim, Hamed, Farag, Tamer, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Farid, Talha A, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farvid, Maryam S, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Feizy, Fariba, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, Joao C, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Finegold, Samuel, Fischer, Florian, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A, Ford, John A, Foreman, Kyle J, Fornari, Carla, Frank, Tahvi D, Franklin, Richard Charles, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fuller, John E, Fullman, Nancy, Fürst, Thomas, Furtado, João M, Futran, Neal D, Galan, Adriana, Gallus, Silvano, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, Gebre, Teshome, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, Gessner, Bradford D, Getachew, Sefonias, Gething, Peter W, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghimire, Mamata, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K, Gillum, Richard F, Giussani, Giorgia, Goenka, Shifalika, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gomez-Cabrera, Mari Carmen, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goto, Atsushi, Goulart, Alessandra C, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, 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Hamid Reza, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, Nsoesie, Elaine O, Nyasulu, Peter S, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Okoro, Anselm, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olivares, Pedro R, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Sok King, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortiz, Justin R, Ortiz, Alberto, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel, P A, Mahesh, Pacella, Rosana, Pakhale, Smita, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Basant Kumar, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Achyut Raj, Pandian, Jeyaraj Durai, Parisi, Andrea, Park, Eun-Kee, Parry, Charles D H, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Shanti, Patle, Ajay, Patten, Scott B, Patton, George C, Paudel, Deepak, Pearce, Neil, Peprah, Emmanuel K, Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M, Perez, Krystle M, Perico, Norberto, Pervaiz, Aslam, Pesudovs, Konrad, Petri, William A, Petzold, Max, Phillips, Michael R, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance Dimity, Popova, Svetlana, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Prakash, V, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quistberg, D Alex, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rajsic, Sasa, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranjan, Prabhat, Ranta, Anna, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian, Rego, Maria Albertina Santiago, Rehm, Jürgen, Reiner, Robert C, Reinig, Nickolas, Reis, Cesar, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, Riojas, Horacio, Rios-Blancas, Maria Jesus, Roba, Kedir Teji, Robinson, Stephen R, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roshchin, Denis O, Rostami, Ali, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Saadat, Soheil, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Safari, Hosein, Safari, Yahya, Safari-Faramani, Roya, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salahshoor, Mohamadreza, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salz, Inbal, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santos, Itamar S, Santos, João Vasco, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sardana, Mayank, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarvi, Shahabeddin, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawant, Arundhati R, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Sayyah, Mehdi, Scaria, Vinod, Schaeffner, Elke, Schelonka, Kathryn, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schöttker, Ben, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Scott, James G, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaheen, Amira A, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakir, Raad A, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheth, Kevin N, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shifa, Girma Temam, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Siddiqi, Tariq J, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silpakit, Naris, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singam, Narayana Sarma Venkata, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Anju Pradhan, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sitas, Freddy, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Sobhani, Soheila, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Srivastava, Rakesh Kumar, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Steiner, Caitlyn, Stewart, Leo G, Stokes, Mark A, Sudaryanto, Agus, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sulo, Gerhard, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick John, Sutradhar, Ipsita, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, P N, Sylte, Dillon O, Szoeke, Cassandra E I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Takahashi, Ken, Tandon, Nikhil, Tassew, Aberash Abay, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tawye, Nega Yimer, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Temesgen, Habtamu, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Belay, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Thomas, Laura Anne, Thomas, Nihal, Thrift, Amanda G, Tilahun, Binyam, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna E, Tortajada-Girbés, Miguel, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Towbin, Jeffrey A, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Suryakant, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Truong, Nu Thi, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Tsilimparis, Nikolaos, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuzcu, E Murat, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ukwaja, Kingsley Nnanna, Ullah, Irfan, Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzun, Selen Begüm, Vaduganathan, Muthiah, Vaezi, Afsane, Vaidya, Gaurang, Valdez, Pascual R, Varavikova, Elena, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasconcelos, Ana Maria Nogales, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vidavalur, Ramesh, Villafaina, Santos, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wagner, Gregory R, Wagnew, Fasil Wagnew Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Daniel J, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, Westerman, Ronny, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Widecka, Katarzyna, Wijeratne, Tissa, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondemagegn, Sintayehu Ambachew, Wu, Shouling, Wyper, Grant M A, Xu, Gelin, Yadav, Rajaram, Yakob, Bereket, Yamada, Tomohide, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasin, Yasin Jemal, Ye, Pengpeng, Yearwood, Jamal A, Yentür, Gökalp Kadri, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yip, Paul, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, York, Hunter W, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zachariah, Geevar, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafar, Shamsa, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zare, Zohreh, Zeeb, Hajo, Zeleke, Mulugeta Molla, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Xueying, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zucker, Inbar, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna J, Lopez, Alan D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, and Murray, Christopher J L
Subjects: 1. No poverty, 10. No inequality, 3. Good health

47. Endothelial Activation, Innate Immune Activation, and Inflammation Are Associated With Postbronchodilator Airflow Limitation and Obstruction Among Adolescents Living With HIV.

Author: Attia EF, Bhatraju PK, Triplette M, Kosamo S, Maleche-Obimbo E, West TE, Richardson BA, Zifodya JS, Eskander S, Njiru CD, Warui D, Kicska GA, Chung MH, Crothers K, Liles WC, and Graham SM
Subjects: Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use, Biomarkers blood, Bronchodilator Agents, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, HIV Infections drug therapy, Humans, Inflammation blood, Lung Diseases, Obstructive drug therapy, Male, Respiratory Function Tests methods, Spirometry, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Young Adult, HIV Infections complications, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation metabolism, Lung Diseases, Obstructive complications
Abstract: Background: Chronic inflammation, innate immune activation, T-cell imbalance and endothelial activation have been linked with lung diseases. We sought to determine whether markers of these pathophysiologic pathways were associated with spirometry and chest computed tomography (CT) abnormalities among adolescents living with HIV (ALWH)., Setting: Coptic Hope Center for Infectious Diseases in Nairobi, Kenya., Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of ALWH (10-19 years old). Participants underwent chest CT, spirometry, and venipuncture for serum biomarkers. We also collected demographic, anthropometric, T-cell subset, antiretroviral therapy, and exposure data. We compared characteristics and biomarkers by airflow obstruction [postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC z-score (zFEV1/FVC) < -1.64]. We used multivariable linear regression to determine associations of log10-transformed biomarkers and chest CT abnormalities with lower postbronchodilator zFEV1/FVC (airflow limitation). We performed exploratory principal components analysis on biomarkers, and determined associations of factors with postbronchodilator zFEV1/FVC and chest CT abnormalities., Results: Of 47 participants with acceptable quality spirometry, 21 (45%) were female, median age was 13 years and 96% had perinatally-acquired HIV. Median CD4 was 672 cells/µL. Overall, 28% had airflow obstruction and 78% had a chest CT abnormality; airflow obstruction was associated with mosaic attenuation (P = 0.001). Higher endothelial activation (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1), inflammation and innate immune activation (serum amyloid-A, sTREM-1, sCD163), and T-cell imbalance (lower CD4/CD8) markers were associated with airflow limitation. Factors comprising endothelial and innate immune activation were associated with airflow limitation., Conclusions: Endothelial activation, innate immune activation, T-cell imbalance, and chronic inflammation are associated with airflow limitation and obstruction, providing insights into chronic lung disease pathophysiology among ALWH.
Published: 2020
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48. Impact of HIV infection on α 1 -antitrypsin in the lung.

Author: Stephenson SE, Wilson CL, Crothers K, Attia EF, Wongtrakool C, Petrache I, and Schnapp LM
Subjects: Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Cohort Studies, Female, HIV isolation & purification, HIV Infections virology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pulmonary Emphysema etiology, Pulmonary Emphysema pathology, Biomarkers blood, HIV Infections complications, Pulmonary Emphysema blood, Trypsin Inhibitors blood, alpha 1-Antitrypsin blood
Abstract: Emphysema is one of the most common lung diseases in HIV + individuals. The pathogenesis of HIV-associated emphysema remains unclear; however, radiographic distribution and earlier age of presentation of emphysema in the lungs of HIV + patients are similar to deficiency of α 1 -antitrypsin (A1AT), a key elastase inhibitor in the lung. Reduced levels of circulating A1AT in HIV + patients suggest a potential mechanism for emphysema development. In the present study we asked if A1AT levels and activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) differ in HIV + and HIV - patients with and without emphysema. A1AT levels were measured by ELISA in plasma and BALF from a cohort of 21 HIV + and 29 HIV - patients with or without emphysematous changes on chest CT scan. To analyze A1AT function, we measured elastase activity in the BALF and assessed oxidation and polymerization of A1AT by Western blotting. Total A1AT was increased in the BALF, but not in the plasma, of HIV + compared with HIV - patients, regardless of the presence or absence of emphysema. However, antielastase activity was decreased in BALF from HIV + patients, suggesting impaired A1AT function. Higher levels of the oxidized form of A1AT were detected in BALF from HIV + than HIV - patients, which may account for the decreased antielastase activity. These findings suggest that, in the lungs of HIV + patients, posttranslational modifications of A1AT produce a "functional deficiency" of this critical elastase inhibitor, which may contribute to emphysema development.
Published: 2018
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