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1. In situ observations of supercooled liquid water clouds over Dome C, Antarctica, by balloon-borne sondes.

Author

Ricaud, Philippe, Durand, Pierre, Grigioni, Paolo, Del Guasta, Massimo, Camporeale, Giuseppe, Roy, Axel, Attié, Jean-Luc, and Bognar, John

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, SUPERCOOLED liquids, SEA level, NUMERICAL weather forecasting, ANTARCTIC climate
Abstract

Clouds in Antarctica are key elements that affect radiative forcing and thus Antarctic climate evolution. Although the vast majority of clouds are composed of ice crystals, a non-negligible fraction constitutes supercooled liquid water (SLW; water held in liquid form below 0 °C). Numerical weather prediction models have great difficulty in forecasting SLW clouds over Antarctica, favouring ice at the expense of liquid water and therefore incorrectly estimating the cloud radiative forcing. Remote-sensing observations of SLW clouds have been carried out for several years at Concordia Station (75° S, 123° E; 3233 m above mean sea level), combining active lidar measurements (SLW cloud detection) and passive HAMSTRAD microwave measurements (liquid water path, LWP). The present project aimed at in situ observations of SLW clouds using sondes developed by the company Anasphere, specifically designed for SLW content (SLWC) measurements. These SLWC sondes were coupled to standard meteorological pressure–temperature–humidity sondes from Vaisala and released under meteorological balloons. During the 2021–2022 summer campaign, 15 launches were made, of which 7 were scientifically exploitable above a height of 400 m above ground level, a threshold height imposed by the time the SLWC sonde takes to stabilize after launch. The three main outcomes from our analyses are as follows: (a) the first in situ observations so far of SLW clouds in Antarctica with SLWC sondes; (b) on average, the consistency of SLW cloud heights as observed by in situ sondes and remote-sensing lidar; and (c) the liquid water path (vertically integrated SLWC) deduced by the sondes being generally equal to or greater than the LWP remotely sensed by HAMSTRAD. In general, the SLW clouds were observed in a layer close to saturation (U > 80 %) or saturated (U ∼ 100 %–105 %) just below or at the lowermost part of the entrainment zone, or capping inversion zone, which exists at the top of the planetary boundary layer and is characterized by an inflection point in the potential temperature vertical profile. Our results are consistent with the theoretical view that SLW clouds form and remain at the top of the planetary boundary layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. The Monitoring Nitrous Oxide Sources (MIN2OS) satellite project

Author

Ricaud, Philippe, Attié, Jean-Luc, Chalinel, Rémi, Pasternak, Frédérick, Léonard, Joël, Pison, Isabelle, Pattey, Elizabeth, Thompson, Rona L., Zelinger, Zdenek, Lelieveld, Jos, Sciare, Jean, Saitoh, Naoko, Warner, Juying, Fortems-Cheiney, Audrey, Reynal, Hélène, Vidot, Jérôme, Brooker, Laure, Berdeu, Laurent, Saint-Pé, Olivier, Patra, Prabir K., Dostál, Michal, Suchánek, Jan, Nevrlý, Václav, and Zwaaftink, Christine Groot

Published
2021
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6. Aerosol data assimilation in the chemical transport model MOCAGE during the TRAQA/ChArMEx campaign: aerosol optical depth

Author

Sič, Bojan, Amraoui, Laaziz El, Piacentini, Andrea, Marécal, Virginie, Emili, Emanuele, Cariolle, Daniel, Prather, Michael, and Attié, Jean-Luc

Subjects
Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Abstract

In this study, we describe the development of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) assimilation module in the chemistry transport model (CTM) MOCAGE (Modèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle). Our goal is to assimilate the spatially averaged 2-D column AOD data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument, and to estimate improvements in a 3-D CTM assimilation run compared to a direct model run. Our assimilation system uses 3-D-FGAT (first guess at appropriate time) as an assimilation method and the total 3-D aerosol concentration as a control variable. In order to have an extensive validation dataset, we carried out our experiment in the northern summer of 2012 when the pre-ChArMEx (CHemistry and AeRosol MEditerranean EXperiment) field campaign TRAQA (TRAnsport à longue distance et Qualité de l'Air dans le bassin méditerranéen) took place in the western Mediterranean basin. The assimilated model run is evaluated independently against a range of aerosol properties (2-D and 3-D) measured by in situ instruments (the TRAQA size-resolved balloon and aircraft measurements), the satellite Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) instrument and ground-based instruments from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) network. The evaluation demonstrates that the AOD assimilation greatly improves aerosol representation in the model. For example, the comparison of the direct and the assimilated model run with AERONET data shows that the assimilation increased the correlation (from 0.74 to 0.88), and reduced the bias (from 0.050 to 0.006) and the root mean square error in the AOD (from 0.12 to 0.07). When compared to the 3-D concentration data obtained by the in situ aircraft and balloon measurements, the assimilation consistently improves the model output. The best results as expected occur when the shape of the vertical profile is correctly simulated by the direct model. We also examine how the assimilation can influence the modelled aerosol vertical distribution. The results show that a 2-D continuous AOD assimilation can improve the 3-D vertical profile, as a result of differential horizontal transport of aerosols in the model.

Published
2016

7. THE GLAM AIRBORNE CAMPAIGN ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN

Author

Ricaud, Philippe, Zbinden, Régina, Catoire, Valéry, Brocchi, Vanessa, Dulac, François, Hamonou, Eric, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Massart, Sébastien, Piguet, Bruno, Dayan, Uri, Nabat, Pierre, Sciare, Jean, Ramonet, Michel, Delmotte, Marc, di Sarra, Alcide, Sferlazzo, Damiano, di Iorio, Tatiana, Piacentino, Salvatore, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Mihalopoulos, Nikos, Kouvarakis, Giorgos, Pikridas, Michael, Savvides, Chrysanthos, Mamouri, Rodanthi-Elisavet, Nisantzi, Argyro, Hadjimitsis, Diofantos, Attié, Jean-Luc, Ferré, Hélène, Kangah, Yannick, Jaidan, Nizar, Guth, Jonathan, Jacquet, Patrick, Chevrier, Stéphane, Robert, Claude, Bourdon, Aurélien, Bourdinot, Jean-François, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Krysztofiak, Gisèle, and Theron, Pierre

Published
2018

9. Aerosol Optical Depth Measurements from a Simulated Low-Cost Multi-Wavelength Ground-Based Camera: A Clear Case over a Peri-Urban Area.

Author

Boulisset, Valentin, Attié, Jean-Luc, Tournier, Ronan, Ceamanos, Xavier, Andrey, Javier, Pequignot, Eric, Lauret, Nicolas, and Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-Philippe

Subjects
*OPTICAL measurements, *BATHYMETRY, *AEROSOLS, *BUILDING demolition, *RADIATIVE transfer
Abstract

This paper highlights the advantages of an affordable multi-wavelength ground-based camera, called WaltRCam, for monitoring Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in a clear case over a peri-urban area. To simulate the performance of this low-cost camera, for which data are not yet available, we use data from an expensive hyperspectral camera (HSI) to mimic its characteristics. Our methodology is based on the construction of look-up tables using the DART (Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer) 3D radiative transfer model. DART simulates the different spectra observed by the WaltRCam camera, which then provides the AODs for all image pixels in near-real-time. Moreover, DART is coupled to a 3D scale-model of the city of Toulouse (dating from 2014) to model complex urban geometries and to associate specific optical properties to the various objects that make up the environment. Moreover, we use a neural-network-based method to recognize the various objects in the image in order to take into account only pixels common between the observations. In this way, we take account of changes to the peri-urban area, such as vegetation growth, construction, demolition of buildings, etc. The results of this study show that the WaltRCam camera, by capturing eight wavelengths, can deliver convincing results compared with ground and satellite reference data, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9 and an average RMSE of less than 0.02. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. Supercooled liquid water clouds observed over Dome C, Antarctica: temperature sensitivity and cloud radiative forcing.

Author

Ricaud, Philippe, Del Guasta, Massimo, Lupi, Angelo, Roehrig, Romain, Bazile, Eric, Durand, Pierre, Attié, Jean-Luc, Nicosia, Alessia, and Grigioni, Paolo

Subjects
RADIATIVE forcing, CLIMATE sensitivity, SEA level, ANTARCTIC climate, SUPERCOOLED liquids, WATER temperature, EARTH stations
Abstract

Clouds affect the Earth climate with an impact that depends on the cloud nature (solid and/or liquid water). Although the Antarctic climate is changing rapidly, cloud observations are sparse over Antarctica due to few ground stations and satellite observations. The Concordia station is located on the eastern Antarctic Plateau (75 ∘ S, 123 ∘ E; 3233 m above mean sea level), one of the driest and coldest places on Earth. We used observations of clouds, temperature, liquid water, and surface irradiance performed at Concordia during four austral summers (December 2018–2021) to analyse the link between liquid water and temperature and its impact on surface irradiance in the presence of supercooled liquid water (liquid water for temperature less than 0 ∘ C) clouds (SLWCs). Our analysis shows that, within SLWCs, temperature logarithmically increases from -36.0 to -16.0 ∘ C when liquid water path increases from 1.0 to 14.0 g m -2. The SLWC radiative forcing is positive and logarithmically increases from 0.0 to 70.0 W m -2 when liquid water path increases from 1.2 to 3.5 g m -2. This is mainly due to the downward longwave component that logarithmically increases from 0 to 90 W m -2 when liquid water path increases from 1.0 to 3.5 g m -2. The attenuation of shortwave incoming irradiance (that can reach more than 100 W m -2) is almost compensated for by the upward shortwave irradiance because of high values of surface albedo. Based on our study, we can extrapolate that, over the Antarctic continent, SLWCs have a maximum radiative forcing that is rather weak over the eastern Antarctic Plateau (0 to 7 W m -2) but 3 to 5 times larger over West Antarctica (0 to 40 W m -2), maximizing in summer and over the Antarctic Peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Classification de surfaces dans une image hyperspectrale urbaine par réseau de neurones pour la qualité de l'air

Author

Boulisset, Valentin, Attié, Jean-Luc, Tournier, Ronan, El Malki, Nabil, Ceamanos-Garcia, Xavier, Andrey, Javier, Pequignot, Eric, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AFIA-Association Française pour l'Intelligence Artificielle, ICube-laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie, Christelle Launois, and Catherine Roussey

Subjects
Perceptron, classification, SVM, machine à vecteurs de support, Image hyperspectrale, Learning, Hyperspectral Imaging, Classification, Apprentissage, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

National audience; This article is the first step of a complex process of measuring fine particle concentrations by spectral cameras. To do this, an accurate and fast classification of all pixels from a hyperspectral image is crucial to determine the nature of the objects and their optical properties. The methods traditionally used rely on the richness of the spectral information in measurements with hundreds of wavelengths. However, neglecting the spatial dimension during the classification can lead to situations where the resulting classes may not be spatially consistent. Here, we propose a classification method (Spatial Spectral Optimised Classification) based on learning, which takes into account spectral features but also spatial information via neighbouring pixels.; Cet article est la première étape d'un processus complexe de mesure de la concentration de particules fines par des caméras spectrales. Pour ce faire, une classification précise et rapide de tous les pixels d'une image hyperspectrale est cruciale pour déterminer la nature des objets et leurs propriétés optiques. Les méthodes traditionnellement utilisées reposent sur la richesse de l'information spectrale avec des centaines de longueurs d'onde habituellement mesurées par les caméras. Cependant, négliger la dimension spatiale durant une classification conduit à certaines situations où les classes obtenues ne sont pas spatialement cohérentes. Nous proposons ici une méthode de classification optimisée pour la mesure de la qualité de l'air (Spatial Spectral Optimised Classification) basée sur l'apprentissage, qui prend en compte les caractéristiques spectrales mais aussi l'information spatiale via les pixels voisins.

Published
2023

12. Instantaneous aerosol and surface retrieval using satellites in geostationary orbit (iAERUS-GEO) – estimation of 15 min aerosol optical depth from MSG/SEVIRI and evaluation with reference data

Author

Ceamanos, Xavier, primary, Six, Bruno, additional, Moparthy, Suman, additional, Carrer, Dominique, additional, Georgeot, Adèle, additional, Gasteiger, Josef, additional, Riedi, Jérôme, additional, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, Lyapustin, Alexei, additional, and Katsev, Iosif, additional

Published
2023
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13. Instantaneous aerosol and surface retrieval using satellites in geostationary orbit (iAERUS-GEO) – Estimation of 15-min AOD from MSG/SEVIRI and evaluation with reference data

Author

Ceamanos, Xavier, primary, Six, Bruno, additional, Moparthy, Suman, additional, Carrer, Dominique, additional, Georgeot, Adèle, additional, Gasteiger, Josef, additional, Riedi, Jérôme, additional, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, Lyapustin, Alexei, additional, and Katsev, Iosif, additional

Published
2023
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17. Instantaneous aerosol and surface retrieval using satellites in geostationary orbit (iAERUS-GEO) - Estimation of 15-min AOD from MSG/SEVIRI and evaluation with reference data.

Author

Ceamanos, Xavier, Six, Bruno, Moparthy, Suman, Carrer, Dominique, Georgeot, Adèle, Gasteiger, Josef, Riedi, Jérôme, Attié, Jean-Luc, Lyapustin, Alexei, and Katsev, Iosif

Subjects
GEOSTATIONARY satellites, AEROSOLS, ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, ORBITS (Astronomy), NUMERICAL weather forecasting, CHEMICAL weathering
Abstract

Geostationary meteorological satellites are unique tools to monitor atmospheric aerosols from space. The observation of the Earth several times per hour allows this type of imaging systems to provide high temporal resolution observations of these suspended particles which are of interest for research topics including air quality, numerical weather prediction, and volcanic risk management. However, some challenges need to be addressed to achieve the sub-daily retrieval of aerosol properties mainly due to the varying sensitivity of geostationary imagers to aerosols during the day. In this article we propose a new algorithm named iAERUS-GEO (instantaneous Aerosol and surfacE Retrieval Using Satellites in GEOstationary orbit) that estimates the diurnal evolution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite. This is achieved by the use of an optimal estimation method combined with several aerosol models and other features including the daily retrieval of the surface reflectance directionality using Kalman filtering. AOD estimates provided by iAERUS-GEO every 15 minutes --the acquisition frequency of the Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) on MSG-- are assessed with collocated reference aerosol observations. First, comparison to AERONET ground-based data proves the overall satisfactory accuracy of iAERUS-GEO with the exception of some higher biases found over bright surfaces and for high scattering angles. The confidence measure provided by iAERUS-GEO is proved useful to filter these less satisfactory retrievals that generally arise due to a low information content on aerosols provided by SEVIRI. Second, comparison to the GRASP/POLDER satellite product shows similar scores for the two aerosol data sets, with a significantly larger number of retrievals for iAERUS-GEO. This added value --which we illustrate here by inspecting the sub-daily variation of AOD over selected regions-- allows geostationary satellites to break the temporal barrier set by traditional aerosol remote sensing from the low Earth orbit. Furthermore, the aerosol retrievals presented in this work are expected to be improved in the near future thanks to the enhanced sensing capabilities of the upcoming Meteosat Third Generation-Imager mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. Supercooled liquid water clouds observed over Dome C, Antarctica: temperature sensitivity and surface radiation impact.

Author

Ricaud, Philippe, Del Guasta, Massimo, Lupi, Angelo, Roehrig, Romain, Bazile, Eric, Durand, Pierre, Attié, Jean-Luc, Nicosia, Alessia, and Grigioni, Paolo

Abstract

Clouds affect the Earth climate with an impact that depends on the cloud nature (solid/liquid water). Although the Antarctic climate is changing rapidly, cloud observations are sparse over Antarctica due to few ground stations and satellite observations. The Concordia station located on the East Antarctic Plateau (75°S, 123°E, 3233 m above mean sea level), one of driest and coldest places on Earth. We used observations of clouds, temperature, liquid water and surface radiation performed at Concordia during 4 austral summers (December 2018-2021) to analyse the link between liquid water and temperature and its impact on surface radiation the presence of supercooled liquid water (liquid water for temperature less than 0°C) clouds (SLWCs). Our analysis shows that, within SLWCs, temperature logarithmically increases from -36.0°C to -16.0°C when liquid water path increases from 1.0 to 14.0 g m-2, and SLWCs positively impact the net surface radiation, which logarithmically increases by 0.0 to 50.0 m-2 when liquid water path increases from 1.7 to 3.0 g m-2. We finally estimate that SLWCs have a great potential radiative impact over Antarctica whatever the season considered, up 5.0 W m-2 over the Eastern Antarctic Plateau and up to 30 W m-2 over the Antarctic Peninsula in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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19. Actes du colloque BECO, Bébé, Petite enfance en contextes

Author

Pinel-Jacquemin, Stéphanie, Kelly-Irving, Michelle, Attié, Jean-Luc, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

24. Benefit of ozone observations from Sentinel-5P and future Sentinel-4 missions on tropospheric composition

Author

Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, primary, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, Lahoz, William A., additional, Abida, Rachid, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Zbinden, Régina, additional, Piacentini, Andrea, additional, Joly, Mathieu, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Oude Nijhuis, Albert Christiaan Plechelmus, additional, Tamminen, Johanna, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, and Veefkind, Pepijn, additional

Published
2020
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25. Qualité de l’air extérieur et santé environnementale des jeunes enfants : représentations et pratiques parentales

Author

Dupuy, Anne, Attié, Jean-Luc, Zaouche Gaudron, Chantal, Kelly-Irving, Michelle, Meleux, Frédérik, Mennesson, Christine, Molinier, Pierre, Pinel-jacquemin, Stéphanie, and Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)

Subjects
SANTÉ ENVIRONNEMENTALE, QUALITÉ DE L’AIR EXTÉRIEUR, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, PERCEPTIONS ET PRATIQUES PARENTALES, VULNÉRABILITÉS
Abstract

L’influence de la mauvaise qualité de l’air (QA) extérieur sur la santé des enfants (Rancière & al., 2017 ; Bowatte & al., 2017), le développement cognitif (Sunyer & al., 2017) et le développement socio-affectif (Margolis & al., 2016 ; Yorifuji & al., 2017) semble attestée dans plusieurs travaux. Des dispositions récentes, prises pour limiter les épisodes de pollution et améliorer la qualité de l’air extérieur en France, rendent le public en partie acteur de l’évolution de la qualité de l’air extérieur à laquelle il est exposé et contribuent, par ailleurs, à façonner les normes de « santé environnementale ». A notre connaissance, aucune étude n’examine la représentation de la qualité de l’air extérieur qu’ont les parents et les pratiques (éducatives et de santé) qui y sont liées à l’égard de leurs jeunes enfants. Ainsi, le projet AIRES6 s’inscrit dans une visée i) exploratoire concernant les représentations et pratiques parentales en matière de qualité de l’air extérieur et santé environnementale à destination des jeunes enfants et ii) opérationnelle consistant à produire des réflexions théoriques et méthodologiques préliminaires et à réfléchir aux conséquences socio-éthiques d’un projet de recherche portant sur les liens entre vulnérabilités, qualité de l’air extérieur et santé environnementale des jeunes enfants.

Published
2019

26. Impact of synthetic spaceborne NO2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5p platforms on tropospheric NO2 analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, Abida, Rachid, Attié, Jean-Luc, Amraoui, Laaziz, Eskes, Henk, Haan, Johan, Kujanpää, Jukka, Lahoz, William, Oude Nijhuis, Albert, Quesada, Samuel, Ricaud, Philippe, Veefkind, Pepijn, and Schaap, Martijn

Abstract

We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) dedicated to the evaluation of the added value of the Sentinel 4 and Sentinel 5P missions for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Sentinel 4 is a geostationary (GEO) mission covering the European continent, providing observations with high temporal resolution (hourly). Sentinel 5P is a low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) mission providing daily observations but with a global coverage. The OSSE experiment has been carefully designed, with separate models for the simulation of observations and for the assimilation experiments, and with conservative estimates of the total observation uncertainties. In the experiment we simulate Sentinel 4 and Sentinel 5P tropospheric NO2 columns and surface ozone concentrations at 7 by 7 km resolution over Europe for two three-month summer and winter periods. The synthetic observations are based on a nature run (NR) from a chemistry transport model (MOCAGE) and error estimates using instrument characteristics. We assimilate the simulated observations into a chemistry transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) independent from the NR to evaluate their impact on modelled NO2 tropospheric columns and surface concentrations. The results are compared to an operational system where only ground-based ozone observations are ingested. Both instruments have an added value on analysed NO2 columns and surface values, reflected in decreased biases, and improved correlations. The Sentinel 4 NO2 observations with hourly temporal resolution benefit modelled NO2 analyses throughout the entire day where the daily Sentinel 5P NO2 observations have a slightly lower impact that lasts up to 3–6 hours after overpass. The evaluated benefits may be even higher in reality as the applied error estimates were shown to be higher than actual errors in the now operational Sentinel 5P NO2 products. We show that an accurate representation of the NO2 profile is crucial for the benefit of the column observations on surface values. The results support the need for having a combination of GEO and LEO missions for NO2 analyses in view of the complementary benefits of hourly temporal resolution (GEO, Sentinel 4) and global coverage (LEO, Sentinel 5P).

Published
2019

27. Impact of synthetic space-borne NO2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions on tropospheric NO2 analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, Schaap, Martijn, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, Abida, Rachid, Attié, Jean-Luc, Amraoui, Laaziz El, Eskes, Henk, Haan, Johan De, and Kujanpää, Jukka [U.V.M.]

Subjects
Sentinel-5P, tropospheric NO2 analyses, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie, Sentinel-4
Abstract

We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) dedicated to the evaluation of the added value of the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Sentinel-4 is a geostationary (GEO) mission covering the European continent, providing observations with high temporal resolution (hourly). Sentinel-5P is a low Earth orbit (LEO) mission providing daily observations with a global coverage. The OSSE experiment has been carefully designed, with separate models for the simulation of observations and for the assimilation experiments and with conservative estimates of the total observation uncertainties. In the experiment we simulate Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P tropospheric NO2 columns and surface ozone concentrations at 7 by 7 km resolution over Europe for two 3-month summer and winter periods. The synthetic observations are based on a nature run (NR) from a chemistry transport model (MOCAGE) and error estimates using instrument characteristics. We assimilate the simulated observations into a chemistry transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) independent of the NR to evaluate their impact on modelled NO2 tropospheric columns and surface concentrations. The results are compared to an operational system where only ground-based ozone observations are ingested. Both instruments have an added value to analysed NO2 columns and surface values, reflected in decreased biases and improved correlations. The Sentinel-4 NO2 observations with hourly temporal resolution benefit modelled NO2 analyses throughout the entire day where the daily Sentinel-5P NO2 observations have a slightly lower impact that lasts up to 3–6 h after overpass. The evaluated benefits may be even higher in reality as the applied error estimates were shown to be higher than actual errors in the now operational Sentinel-5P NO2 products. We show that an accurate representation of the NO2 profile is crucial for the benefit of the column observations on surface values. The results support the need for having a combination of GEO and LEO missions for NO2 analyses in view of the complementary benefits of hourly temporal resolution (GEO, Sentinel-4) and global coverage (LEO, Sentinel-5P).

Published
2019
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28. Impact of synthetic space-borne NO 2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions on tropospheric NO 2 analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, Abida, Rachid, Attié, Jean-Luc, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Eskes, Henk, de Haan, Johan, Kujanpää, Jukka, Lahoz, William, Oude Nijhuis, Albert, Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, Ricaud, Philippe, Veefkind, Pepijn, Schaap, Martijn, Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), TNO Climate, Air and Sustainability [Utrecht], The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; The amount of ice injected up to the tropical tropopause layer has a strong radiative impact on climate. In the tropics, the Maritime Continent (MariCont) region presents the largest injection of ice by deep convection into the upper troposphere (UT) and tropopause level (TL) (from results presented in the companion paper Part 1). This study focuses on the MariCont region and aims to assess the processes, the areas and the diurnal amount and duration of ice injected by deep convection over islands and over seas using a 2 • × 2 • horizontal resolution during the austral convective season of December, January and February. The model presented in the companion paper is used to estimate the amount of ice injected (∆IWC) up to the TL by combining ice water content (IWC) measured twice a day in tropical UT and TL by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; Version 4.2), from 2004 to 2017, and precipitation (Prec) measurement from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM; Version 007) at high temporal resolution (1 hour). The horizontal distribution of ∆IWC estimated from Prec (∆IWC P rec) is presented at 2 • × 2 • horizontal resolution over the MariCont. ∆IWC is also evaluated by using the number of lightnings (Flash) from the TRMM-LIS instrument (Lightning Imaging Sensor, from 2004 to 2015 at 1-h and 0.25 • ×0.25 • resolutions). ∆IWC P rec and ∆IWC estimated from Flash (∆IWC F lash) are compared to ∆IWC estimated from the ERA5 reanalyses (∆IWC ERA5) degrading the vertical resolution to that of MLS observations (∆IW C ERA5). Our study shows that, while the diurnal cycles of Prec and Flash are consistent to each other in timing and phase over lands and different over offshore and coastal areas of the MariCont, the observational ∆IWC range between ∆IWC P rec and ∆IWC F lash is small (to within 4-20% over land and to within 6-50% over ocean) in the UT and TL. The reanalysis ∆IWC range between ∆IWC ERA5 and ∆IW C ERA5 has been also found to be small in the UT (22-32 %) but large in the TL (68-71 %), highlighting the stronger impact of the vertical resolution on the TL than in the UT. Combining observational and reanalysis ∆IWC ranges, the total ∆IWC range is estimated in the UT between 4.17 and 9.97 mg m-3 (20 % of variability per study zone) over land and between 0.35 and 4.37 mg m-3 (30% of variability per study zone) over sea, and, in the TL, between 0.63 and 3.65 mg m-3 (70% of variability per study zone) over land and between 0.04 and 0.74 mg m-3 (80% of variability per study zone) over sea. Finally, from IWC ERA5 , Prec and Flash, this study highlights 1) ∆IWC over land has been found larger than ∆IWC over sea, and 2) the Java Island is the area of the largest ∆IWC in the UT (7.89-8.72 mg m-3 daily mean).

Published
2019
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29. IASI nitrous oxide (N2O) retrievals: validation and application to transport studies at daily time scales

Author

Kangah, Yannick, Ricaud, Philippe, Attié, Jean-Luc, Saitoh, Naoko, Vidot, Jérôme, Brunel, Pascal, and Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present a method to retrieve nitrous oxide (N2O) vertical profiles from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the MetOp platform. We retrieved N2O profiles using IASI clear sky radiances in 2 spectral bands: B1 and B2 centered at ∼ 1280 cm−1 and ∼ 2220 cm−1, respectively. Both retrievals in B1 and B2 (hereafter referred to as N2O_B1 and N2O_B2, respectively) are sensitive to the mid-to-upper troposphere with a maximum of sensitivity at around 309 hPa. The degrees of freedom for N2O_B1 and N2O_B2 are 1.38 and 0.93, respectively. We validated the retrievals using the High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO). The comparisons between HIPPO and the two retrieved datasets show relatively low standard deviation errors around 1.5 % (∼ 4.8 ppbv) and 1.0 % (∼ 3.2 ppbv) for N2O_B1 and N2O_B2, respectively. However, the impact of H2O contamination on N2O_B1 due to its strong absorption bands in B1 significantly degrades the quality of the retrievals in tropical regions. We analysed the scientific consistency of the retrievals at 309 hPa with a focus on the long-range transport of N2O especially during the Asian summer monsoon. Over the mid-latitude regions, both variations of N2O_B1 and N2O_B2 at 309 hPa are influenced by the stratospheric N2O-depleted air because of the relative coarse shape of the averaging kernel. The analysis of N2O_B2 using results from backtrajectories exhibits the capacity of these retrievals to capture long-range transport of air masses from Asia to northern Africa via the summer monsoon anticyclone on a daily basis. Thus, N2O_B1 and N2O_B2 offer an unprecedented possibility to study global upper tropospheric N2O on a daily basis.

Published
2018

31. Impact of synthetic space-borne NO<sub>2</sub> observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5P missions on tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, primary, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, Abida, Rachid, additional, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Lahoz, William, additional, Oude Nijhuis, Albert, additional, Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, Veefkind, Pepijn, additional, and Schaap, Martijn, additional

Published
2019
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33. Impact of synthetic spaceborne NO2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5p platforms on tropospheric NO2 analyses

Author

Timmermans, Renske, primary, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, Abida, Rachid, additional, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Lahoz, William, additional, Oude Nijhuis, Albert, additional, Quesada, Samuel, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, Veefkind, Pepijn, additional, and Schaap, Martijn, additional

Published
2019
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34. Benefit of ozone observations from Sentinel-5P and future Sentinel-4 missions on tropospheric composition

Author

Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, primary, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, Lahoz, William A., additional, Abida, Rachid, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Zbinden, Régina, additional, Piacentini, Andrea, additional, Joly, Mathieu, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Oude-Nijhuis, Albert, additional, Tamminen, Johanna, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, and Veefkind, Pepijn, additional

Published
2019
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35. Summertime upper tropospheric nitrous oxide over the Mediterranean as a footprint of Asian emissions

Author

Kangah, Yannick, Ricaud, Philippe, Attié, Jean-Luc, Saitoh, Naoko, Hauglustaine, Didier, Wang, Rong, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Zbinden, Régina, Delon, Claire, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Environmental Remote Sensing [Chiba] (CEReS), Chiba University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Global Ecology [Carnegie] (DGE), Carnegie Institution for Science, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; The aim of this paper is to study the transport of nitrous oxide (N$_2$O) from the Asian surface tothe eastern Mediterranean Basin (MB). We used measurements from the spectrometer Thermal and Nearinfrared Sensor for carbon Observation Fourier transform spectrometer on board the Greenhouse gasesObserving SATellite (GOSAT) over the period of 2010–2013. We also used the outputs from the chemicaltransport model LMDz-OR-INCA over the same period. By comparing GOSAT upper tropospheric retrievals toaircraft measurements from the High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for EnvironmentalResearch Pole-to-Pole Observations, we calculated a GOSAT High-performance Instrumented AirbornePlatform for Environmental Research standard deviation (SD error) of ~2.0 ppbv for a single pixel and a meanbias of approximately $-$1.3 ppbv (approximately $-$0.4%). This SD error is reduced to ~0.1 ppbv when weaverage the pixels regionally and monthly over the MB. The use of nitrogen fertilizer coupled with high soilhumidity during the summer Asian monsoon produces high N2O emissions, which are transported fromAsian surfaces to the eastern MB. This summertime enrichment over the eastern MB produces a maximum inthe difference between the eastern and the western MB upper tropospheric N$_2$O (east-west difference) in Julyin both the measurements and the model. N2O over the eastern MB can therefore be considered as afootprint of Asian summertime emissions. However, the peak-to-peak amplitude of the east-west differenceobserved by GOSAT (~1.4 ± 0.3 ppbv) is larger than that calculated by LMDz-OR-INCA (~0.8 ppbv). This is dueto an underestimation of N2O emissions in the model and to a relatively coarse spatial resolution of themodel that tends to underestimate the N2O accumulation into the Asian monsoon anticyclone.

Published
2017
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36. Aerosol data assimilation in the chemical transport model MOCAGE during the TRAQA/ChArMEx campaign: Lidar observations.

Author

El Amraoui, Laaziz, Sič, Bojan, Piacentini, Andrea, Marécal, Virginie, Attié, Jean-Luc, and Frebourg, Nicolas

Subjects
CHEMICAL models, AEROSOLS, MODIS (Spectroradiometer), ALTITUDES, LIDAR, OZONE layer
Abstract

This paper presents the first results about the assimilation of CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) extinction coefficient measurements on-board the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite in the chemistry transport model MOCAGE (Modèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle) of Météo-France. This assimilation module is an extension of the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) assimilation system already presented by Sic et al. (2016). We focus on the period of TRAQA (TRAnsport à longue distance et Qualité de l'Air dans le bassin méditerranéen) field campaign that took place during the summer 2012. This period offers the opportunity to have access to a large set of aerosol observations from instrumented aircraft, balloons, satellite and ground-based stations. We evaluate the added value of CALIOP assimilation with respect to the model free run by comparing both fields to independent observations issued from the TRAQA field campaign. In this study we focus on the desert dust outbreak which happened during late June 2012 over the Mediterranean Basin (MB) during TRAQA campaign. The comparison with the AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) AOD measurements shows that the assimilation of CALIOP lidar observations improves the statistics compared to the model free run. The correlation between AERONET and the model (assimilation) is 0.682 (0.753), the bias and the RMSE, due to CALIOP assimilation, are reduced from -0.063 to 0.048 and from 0.183 to 0.148, respectively. Compared to MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) AOD observations, the model free run shows an underestimation of the AOD values whereas the CALIOP assimilation corrects this underestimation and shows a quantitative good improvement in terms of AOD maps over the MB. The correlation between MODIS and the model (assimilation) during the dust outbreak is 0.47 (0.52), whereas the bias is -0.18 (-0.02) and the RMSE is 0.36 (0.30). The comparison of in-situ aircraft and balloon measurements to both modelled and assimilated outputs shows that the CALIOP lidar assimilation highly improves themodel aerosol field. The evaluation with the LOAC (Light Optical Particle Counter) measurements indicates that the aerosol vertical profiles are well simulated by the direct model but with a general underestimation of the aerosol number concentration especially in the altitude range 2-5 km. The CALIOP assimilation improves these results by a factor of 2.5 to 5. Analysis of the vertical distribution of the desert aerosol concentration shows that the aerosol dust transport event is well captured by the model but with an underestimated intensity. The assimilation of CALIOP observations allows the improvement of the geographical representation of the event within the model as well as its intensity by a factor of two in the altitude range 1-5 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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39. Distribution, optical properties, and radiative effect of pollution aerosols in the western mediter- ranean basin from TRAQA and SAFMED airborne observations

Author

Di Biagio, Claudia, Gaimoz, Cécile, Grand, Noël, Ancellet, Gérard, Attié, Jean-Luc, Beekmann, Matthias, Borbon, Agnès, Bucci, Silvia, Doppler, Lionel, Dubuisson, Philippe, Fierli, Federico, Mallet, Marc, Raut, Jean-Christophe, Ravetta, François, Sartelet, Karine, Formenti, Paola, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Dipartimento di Fisica [Ferrara], Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Freie Universität Berlin, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Cardon, Catherine, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Pollution aerosols strongly influence the composition of the western Mediterranean basin, but at present little is known on their distribution, optical properties and radiative effects. We report in this study in situ observations of pollution aerosol plumes obtained over the sea in the western Mediterranean during the TRAQA (TRansport and Air QuAlity) and the SAFMED (Secondary Aerosol Formation in the MEDiterranean) airborne campaigns in summers 2012 and 2013 (Di Biagio et al, 2015). The TRAQA and SAFMED flights explored an extended region of the western Mediterranean between 40°-45°N latitude and 2°W-12°E longitude including the Gulf of Genoa, Southern France, the Gulf of Lion, and the Spanish coasts. Measurements were performed over the sea at various distances from the coastline and up to 5000 m altitude. TRAQA and SAFMED successfully measured a wide range of meteorological conditions which favoured the pollution export from different sources around the basin.

Published
2016

40. Overview of the Gradient in Longitude of Atmospheric constituents above the Mediterranean basin (GLAM) airborne summer campaign

Author

Ricaud, Philippe, Zbinden, Regina, Catoire, Valery, Brocchi, Vanessa, Dulac, Francois, Hamonou, Eric, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Massart, Sebastien, Piguet, Bruno, Dayan, Uri, Nabat, Pierre, Sciare, Jean, Ramonet, Michel, Di Sarra, Alcide, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Kouvarakis, Giorgos, Kleanthous, Savvas, Pikridas, Michael, Attié, Jean-Luc, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Service des Avions Français Instrumentés pour la Recherche en Environnement (SAFIRE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; The Gradient in Longitude of Atmospheric constituents above the Mediterranean basin (GLAM) airborne campaign has been set up to investigate the variability of constituents (pollutants and greenhouse gases) and aerosols between the West and the East of the Mediterranean Basin in summer 2014. This campaign occurred in the framework of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (CHARMEX) as part of the Mediterranean Integrated STudies at Regional And Local Scales (MISTRALS) programme. During the campaign, several instruments including the Spectromètre InfraRouge In situ Toute altitude (SPIRIT) instrument onboard the SAFIRE Falcon-20 aircraft measured aerosols, winds, radiation, humidity and chemical compounds such as O3, CO, CH4, N2O, and CO2. The campaign took place from 6 to 10 August 2014 from Toulouse (France) to Larnaca (Cyprus) and back, via Menorca (Spain), Lampedusa (Italy) and Heraklion (Crete). The aircraft flew at about 5000 m altitude above sea level to go and at about 9000 m altitude to return. The campaign also provided some vertical profilings from the surface to about 12 km in the vicinity of the landing sites listed above. The present paper shows an overview of the measurements and of the scientific results obtained during GLAM combining space-borne and surface station measurements, modelling (MOCAGE and ALADIN-CLIMAT) and chemical forecasts and analyses from Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) run by the European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). Along an East-West axis or along the vertical, we analyze different processes. Among the different processes that have been studied in detail, we will particularly focus on aerosol results concentrating on the intercontinental transport and comparisons with surface stations. Combining GLAM, back-trajectories, satellite and model data, we demonstrate that the biomass burning from northern America, desert dust from Sahara and O3-depleted maritime boundary layer air masses from the Arabian Sea impacted the upper tropospheric Mediterranean Basin after 10-15 days of transport. Finally, vertical profiles of aerosols measured by Lidars at different stations of the Mediterranean Basin are compared with in situ GLAM measurements and model outputs.

Published
2016

41. Continental pollution in the Western Mediterranean basin: large variability of the aerosol single scattering albedo and influence on the direct shortwave radiative effect

Author

Di Biagio, Claudia, Formenti, Paola, Doppler, Lionel, Gaimoz, Cécile, Grand, Noel, Ancellet, Gerard, Attié, Jean Luc, Bucci, Silvia, Dubuisson, Philippe, Fierli, Federico, Mallet, Marc, Ravetta, François, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSU, ADEME, ANR, CNES, CTC (Corsica region), EU/FEDER, Météo-France, CEA, ADEME/PRIMEQUAL, MISTRALS/ChArMEx programmes, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Continental pollution Mediterranean aerosol, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Single-scattering albedo, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Solar zenith angle, 010501 environmental sciences, Sea spray, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, Plume, lcsh:Chemistry, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, ChArMEx, Radiative transfer, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Physics, Optical depth, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Pollution aerosols strongly influence the composition of the Western Mediterranean basin, but at present little is known on their optical properties. We report in this study in situ observations of the single scattering albedo (ω) of pollution aerosol plumes measured over the Western Mediterranean basin during the TRAQA (TRansport and Air QuAlity) airborne campaign in summer 2012. Cases of pollution export from different source regions around the basin and at different altitudes between ∼ 160 and 3500 m above sea level were sampled during the flights. Data from this study show a large variability of ω, with values between 0.84–0.98 at 370 nm and 0.70–0.99 at 950 nm. The single scattering albedo generally decreases with the wavelength, with some exception associated to the mixing of pollution with sea spray or dust particles over the sea surface. The lowest values of ω (0.84–0.70 between 370 and 950 nm) are measured in correspondence of a fresh plume possibly linked to ship emissions over the basin. The range of variability of ω observed in this study seems to be independent of the source region around the basin, as well as of the altitude and aging time of the plumes. The observed variability of ω reflects in a large variability for the complex refractive index of pollution aerosols, which is estimated to span in the large range 1.41–1.77 and 0.002–0.097 for the real and the imaginary parts, respectively, between 370 and 950 nm. Radiative calculations in clear-sky conditions were performed with the GAME radiative transfer model to test the sensitivity of the aerosol shortwave Direct Radiative Effect (DRE) to the variability of ω as observed in this study. Results from the calculations suggest up to a 50 and 30 % change of the forcing efficiency (FE), i.e. the DRE per unit of optical depth, at the surface (−160/−235 W m−2 τ−1 at 60° solar zenith angle) and at the Top-Of-Atmosphere (−137/−92 W m−2 τ−1) for ω varying between its maximum and minimum value. This induces a change of up to an order of magnitude (+23/+143 W m−2 τ−1) for the radiative effect within the atmosphere.

Published
2016
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43. Impact of spaceborne carbon monoxide observations from the S-5P platform on tropospheric composition analyses and forecasts

Author

Abida, Rachid, primary, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, Lahoz, William, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, Segers, Arjo, additional, Curier, Lyana, additional, de Haan, Johan, additional, Kujanpää, Jukka, additional, Nijhuis, Albert Oude, additional, Tamminen, Johanna, additional, Timmermans, Renske, additional, and Veefkind, Pepijn, additional

Published
2017
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44. Apport de l'observation satellitaire à l'analyse et à la prévision de la qualité de l'air

Author

Menut, Laurent, primary, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, Beekmann, Matthias, additional, Bessagnet, Bertrand, additional, Clerbaux, Cathy, additional, Cuesta, Juan, additional, Dufour, Gaelle, additional, Forêt, Gilles, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Mallet, Marc, additional, Meleux, Frédérik, additional, Ricaud, Philippe, additional, Tanré, Didier, additional, and Turquety, Solène, additional

Published
2017
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45. Adapted ECC ozonesonde for long-duration flights aboard boundary-layer pressurised balloons

Author

Gheusi, François, primary, Durand, Pierre, additional, Verdier, Nicolas, additional, Dulac, François, additional, Attié, Jean-Luc, additional, Commun, Philippe, additional, Barret, Brice, additional, Basdevant, Claude, additional, Clenet, Antoine, additional, Derrien, Solène, additional, Doerenbecher, Alexis, additional, El Amraoui, Laaziz, additional, Fontaine, Alain, additional, Hache, Emeric, additional, Jambert, Corinne, additional, Jaumouillé, Elodie, additional, Meyerfeld, Yves, additional, Roblou, Laurent, additional, and Tocquer, Flore, additional

Published
2016
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46. Variability of tropospheric pollutants and aerosols in the context of the airborne GLAM campaign

Author

Zbinden, Régina, Ricaud, Philippe, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Attié, Jean-Luc, Catoire, Valéry, Brocchi, Vanessa, Nabat, Pierre, Dulac, François, Dayan, Uri, Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), EGU General Assembly 2015, COPERNICUS, Météo-France, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; In the framework of the ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) program, the airborne campaign GLAM (Gradient in Longitude of Atmospheric constituents above the Mediterranean basin) has been set up to study the variability of gazeous pollutants with different lifetimes and of aerosols over the Mediterranean Basin (MB). The project mainly focuses on the East-West gradients in pollutants within the mid to upper-troposphere induced by the impact of the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone on the pollutants in the Eastern MB, and on the comparisons with space-borne measurements and model results. On board the Falcon-20, together with an ozone analyzer, humidity and temperature sensors and optical particle counters, a laser absorption spectrometer SPIRIT developed at LPC2E was able to detect very weak changes in the concentration of greenhouse gases. GLAM performed measurements of O 3 , CO, CH4, N2O, CO 2 , H 2 O, temperature and the winds components over the Mediterranean Basin in summer (6-10 August 2014), flying at 5000 m altitude from France to Cyprus and at 9000 m on the flight back. In addition, GLAM performed vertical profiles between about 0.3 and 11 km altitude near the different landing sites. These in situ profiles are an original source to validate what the space-borne instruments detect within the same altitudes. Some of these profiles are also performed close to the surface stations of Lampedusa, Finokalia (Crete) and Ineia (Cyprus), allowing comparison between aircraft and surface measurements. This presentation will provide the first major GLAM results, highlight the variability of the chemical pollutants and aerosols and synthesize what is learnt from this campaign when compared to model results.

Published
2015

47. Impact of synthetic spaceborne NO2 observations from the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5p platforms on tropospheric NO2 analyses.

Author

Timmermans, Renske, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, Abida, Rachid, Attié, Jean-Luc, El Amraoui, Laaziz, Eskes, Henk, de Haan, Johan, Kujanpää, Jukka, Lahoz, William, Nijhuis, Albert Oude, Quesada, Samuel, Ricaud, Philippe, Veefkind, Pepijn, and Schaap, Martijn

Abstract

We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) dedicated to the evaluation of the added value of the Sentinel 4 and Sentinel 5P missions for tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Sentinel 4 is a geostationary (GEO) mission covering the European continent, providing observations with high temporal resolution (hourly). Sentinel 5P is a low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) mission providing daily observations but with a global coverage. The OSSE experiment has been carefully designed, with separate models for the simulation of observations and for the assimilation experiments, and with conservative estimates of the total observation uncertainties. In the experiment we simulate Sentinel 4 and Sentinel 5P tropospheric NO2 columns and surface ozone concentrations at 7 by 7 km resolution over Europe for two three-month summer and winter periods. The synthetic observations are based on a nature run (NR) from a chemistry transport model (MOCAGE) and error estimates using instrument characteristics. We assimilate the simulated observations into a chemistry transport model (LOTOS-EUROS) independent from the NR to evaluate their impact on modelled NO2 tropospheric columns and surface concentrations. The results are compared to an operational system where only ground-based ozone observations are ingested. Both instruments have an added value on analysed NO2 columns and surface values, reflected in decreased biases, and improved correlations. The Sentinel 4 NO2 observations with hourly temporal resolution benefit modelled NO2 analyses throughout the entire day where the daily Sentinel 5P NO2 observations have a slightly lower impact that lasts up to 3–6 hours after overpass. The evaluated benefits may be even higher in reality as the applied error estimates were shown to be higher than actual errors in the now operational Sentinel 5P NO2 products. We show that an accurate representation of the NO2 profile is crucial for the benefit of the column observations on surface values. The results support the need for having a combination of GEO and LEO missions for NO2 analyses in view of the complementary benefits of hourly temporal resolution (GEO, Sentinel 4) and global coverage (LEO, Sentinel 5P). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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48. Benefit of ozone observations from Sentinel-5P and future Sentinel-4 missions on tropospheric composition.

Author

Quesada-Ruiz, Samuel, Attié, Jean-Luc, Lahoz, William A., Abida, Rachid, Ricaud, Philippe, Amraoui, Laaziz El, Zbinden, Régina, Piacentini, Andrea, Joly, Mathieu, Eskes, Henk, Segers, Arjo, Curier, Lyana, de Haan, Johan, Kujanpää, Jukka, Oude-Nijhuis, Albert, Tamminen, Johanna, Timmermans, Renske, and Veefkind, Pepijn

Subjects
*TROPOSPHERIC chemistry, *LOW earth orbit satellites, *OZONIZATION, *NEAR infrared radiation, *GEOSTATIONARY satellites, *EIGENVECTORS
Abstract

We present an observing simulated system experiment (OSSE) dedicated to evaluate the potential added value from the Sentinel-4 and the Sentinel-5P observations on tropospheric ozone composition. For this purpose, the ozone data of Sentinel-4 (Ultraviolet Visible Near-infrared) and Sentinel-5P (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) onboard a geostationary (GEO) and a low Earth orbit (LEO) platform, respectively, has been simulated for the summer 2003. To ensure the robustness of the results, the OSSE has been configured with conservative assumptions. We simulate the reality by combining two chemistry transport models (CTMs): the Long Term Ozone Simulation-European Operational Smog (LOTOS-EUROS) and the Transport Model version 5 (TM5). The assimilation system is based on a different CTM, the MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle (MOCAGE), combined with the 3D variational technique. The background error covariance matrix does not evolve in time and its variance is proportional to the field values. The simulated data are formed of six eigenvectors to minimize the size of the dataset by removing the noise-dominated part of the observations. The results show that the satellite data clearly bring direct added value around 200 hPa for the whole assimilation period and for the whole European domain, while a likely indirect added value is identified but not for the whole period and domain at 500 hPa, and to a lower extent at 700 hPa. In addition, the ozone added value from Sentinel-5P (LEO) appears close to that from Sentinel-4 (GEO) in the free troposphere (200-500 hPa) in our OSSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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49. Preliminary results from in-situ measurements of CH 4 , CO, CO 2 and N 2 O by the SPIRIT instrument during the summer 2014 GLAM aircraft campaign

Author

Brocchi, Vanessa, Catoire, Valéry, Chevrier, S, Robert, C, Ricaud, P., Zbinden, R, Attié, Jean-Luc, El Amraoui, L., Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), POTHIER, Nathalie, and Laboratoires d'excellence - Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment - - VOLTAIRE2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0100 - LABX - VALID

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; East-West Variations of Mixing Ratios at Constant Altitudes: The SPIRIT instrument was deployed during the GLAM (Gradient in Longitude of Atmospheric constituents above the Mediterranean basin) campaign, as part of the CHARMEX project, in August 2014 from Toulouse to Larnaca onboard the Falcon-20 SAFIRE aircraft. The study presents in-situ measurements of CO, CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O during the west-east transect at 5000-5500m altitude on 6-7 August (Fig. A) and during the east-west transect at 9000-9800m altitude for the flight back on 10 August (Fig. B). 1 SPIRIT Instrumentation: SPIRIT (Spectromètre InfraRouge In situ Toute altitude) is an airborne infrared absorption spectrometer for the simultaneous measurements of several trace gases. It uses three continuous wave distributed-feedback room-temperature quantum cascade lasers (CW-DFB-RT-QCL) cooled by Peltier effect and exhibiting an excellent single-mode behaviour. In addition, CW operating mode lasers provide easy, high precision for concentration retrieval, large selectivity and sensitivity because of their reduced line width (< 3 MHz or 10-4 cm-1) and enhanced line intensity. Thanks to the home-made QCL emission controller, the lasers work sequentially, triggered and synchronized by the data acquisition system, with sampling at 0.7 Hz. The optical system of SPIRIT consists of a patented non-resonant multipass cell (Robert, 2007). The path length can be varied from 20 to 200 m by the rotation of one half of the broad band spherical mirrors of the optical cell, providing high versatility as regard to the type and the concentration range of species to be measured. In the present study, SPIRIT has been used with L=83.88 m path length and with 3 QCLs emitting at 2179.772, 1249.627, 1249.668, and 2307.513 cm-1 for the detection of CO, CH 4 , N 2 O, and CO 2 (12 C 16 O 18 O isotopomer), respectively. SPIRIT has been integrated in the Falcon-20 SAFIRE aircraft. The experimental optical transmission T as a function of the wavenumber is retrieved by dividing the experimental signals by the associated baseline. The concentration retrieval is based on the Beer-Lambert law. The principle of the retrieval is to fit the natural logarithm of the transmission ln[T] with the simulated one, C.S.g(ν͂-ν͂ 0).L, by adjusting the concentration C in molecule cm-3 (with g(ν͂-ν͂ 0) the absorption profile in cm, S the molecular line intensity in cm molecule-1 , and L the path length in cm). S includes the molecular partition functions and the lower-state energy of the transition E " , and is assumed to be a Voigt or a Galatry line profile including the air collisional broadening and the Doppler broadening half-widths and their temperature dependence coefficients, all calculated from the Hitran 2012 database (Rothman et al., 2013).

Published
2014

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