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Author(s): Nichole E. Scheerer [sup.1] [sup.2] , Anahid Pourtousi [sup.2] , Connie Yang [sup.2] , Zining Ding [sup.2] , Bobby Stojanoski [sup.2] [sup.3] , Evdokia Anagnostou [sup.4] , Robert Nicolson [...], Sensory processing abilities are highly variable within and across people diagnosed with autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined the transdiagnostic nature of sensory processing abilities, and their association with features of autism and ADHD, in a large sample of autistic people (n = 495) and people with ADHD (n = 461). Five similar data-driven sensory phenotypes characterized sensory processing abilities, and showed similar patterns of association with features of autism and ADHD, across both diagnostic groups. These results demonstrate the transdiagnostic nature of sensory processing abilities, while contributing to a growing body of literature that suggests the autism and ADHD diagnostic labels have poor explanatory power.

Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more at risk for academic underachievement compared to their typically developing peers. Understanding their greatest strengths and challenges at school, and how these can be supported, is vital in order to develop focused classroom interventions. Ten primary school pupils with ADHD (aged 6-11 years) and their teachers (N = 6) took part in semi-structured interviews that focused on (1) ADHD knowledge, (2) the child's strengths and challenges at school, and (3) strategies in place to support challenges. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts and three key themes were identified; classroom-general versus individual-specific strategies, heterogeneity of strategies, and the role of peers. Implications relating to educational practice and future research are discussed., Author(s): Emily McDougal [sup.1] [sup.3] , Claire Tai [sup.1] , Tracy M. Stewart [sup.2] , Josephine N. Booth [sup.2] , Sinéad M. Rhodes [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.4305.2, 0000 0004 [...]

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID)/global delay (GD) frequently have symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We describe the practice patterns of developmental behavioral pediatricians (DBPs) in the treatment of children with ASD and coexisting ADHD and compare medication classes for children with and without intellectual disability. In bivariate analyses, we compared demographic characteristics, co-occurring conditions, and medication classes for children with and without intellectual disability. Significantly more patients with ID/GD were prescribed [alpha]-agonists than patients without ID/GD, but the difference was no longer significant when controlling for age in logistic regression children with ID/GD had more comorbidities and were more likely to be prescribed more than on psychotropic medication. In conclusion, age rather than ID/GD was associated with medication choice., Author(s): Joanna E. Grater [sup.1] , Elisa I. Muniz [sup.1] , Ellen J. Silver [sup.1] , Nathan J. Blum [sup.2] , Justine Shults [sup.2] , Ruth E. K. Stein [sup.1] [...]

Context The stresses of the pandemic have been felt by most. Working in family medicine we have noticed an increase in patient inquiries into Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Objective We set out to examine if the trends in the patients presenting to family medicine for ADHD have changed during the pandemic. Study Design We did a retrospective cohort study examining rates of patients presenting to the family physician office with a visit with the most responsible reason for visit as ADHD or a prescription for an ADHD medication. Setting We used the UTOPIAN primary care EMR database in Ontario, Canada containing patients in the Greater Toronto Area and beyond. Population Studied Over 200,000 patients annually age 5-55 years presenting to a UTOPIAN physician in 2017-2021. Outcome Measures Proportion of patients each year with a visit to a family physician where the most responsible reason for visit was documented as ADHD. Proportion of patients each year receiving a prescription for an ADHD medication. Patients visiting family physicians for ADHD were examined by age, sex, income quintile and urban vs rural residence. Results The proportion of patients with an ADHD visit in 2017-2019 ranged from 2.4 to 3.5/1000 in 2017-2019 and rose to 5.5/1000 by the end of 2021. The proportion of patients visiting for ADHD was relatively stable in 2017-2019 for all age groups but was higher than pre-pandemic for the 20-24 year olds and the 25-34 year olds by 2021. The proportion of patients with an ADHD medication prescription in 2017-2019 ranged from 12.9 to 16.5/1000 and rose to 21.9/1000 by the end of 2021. Prior to the pandemic ADHD visits were higher in rural patients compared to patients residing in urban areas (2.8 rural and 2.4/1000 urban in 2017) but the reverse occurred with the pandemic onset (3.9 rural and 5.7/1000 urban in 2021). ADHD visits and medications were higher both before and after the pandemic for males compared to females. This persistent pattern was also seen with income quintiles both before and during the pandemic with the patients in highest income quintile consistently having more ADHD visits and prescriptions compared to the lowest income quintile. Conclusions There has been an increasing proportion of patients seeing family physicians for ADHD and receiving prescriptions for ADHD medications over the past 5 years with amplification of these increases in some patient populations particularly in 2021., Presenters Karen Tu, MD, MSc, CCFP, FCFP, Debra Butt, MD, MSc, Sumeet Kalia, MSc, Rahim Moineddin, PhD, Ellen Stephenson, [...]

The current study sought to understand the relation between diagnostic status (autism spectrum disorders [ASD] versus typically developing) and internalizing problems in children with and without co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Participants were 88 children, ages 3:0-6:11, their parents and teachers. Findings indicated that ADHD symptoms moderated the relation between diagnostic status and depressive and somatic symptoms. High ADHD symptoms in children with ASD were associated with increased depressive and somatic symptoms compared to children with typical development. Findings suggest poor prognostic outcomes for children with ASD and co-occurring ADHD symptoms and highlight the need for early identification and targeted intervention. Keywords ASD * Autism * ADHD * Internalizing problems * Depression * Somatization, Introduction Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with internalizing symptoms such as depression and anxiety (Guttmann-Steinmetz et al. 2010; Kim et al. 2000; Leyfer et al. 2006; Sukhodolsky [...]

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often co-occur. Factor analyses of ASD traits in children with and without ASD indicate the presence of social and restrictive-repetitive behaviour (RRB) factors. This study used exploratory factor analyses to determine the structure of ASD traits (assessed using the Social Communication Questionnaire) in children with ADHD. Distinct factors were observed for 'social' and 'rigidity' traits, corresponding to previous factor analyses in clinical ASD and population samples. This indicates that the split between social-communicative and RRB dimensions is unaffected by ADHD in children. Moreover, the study also finds that there is some overlap across hyperactive-impulsive symptoms and RRB traits in children with ADHD, which merits further investigation. Keywords ADHD * ASD * Factor analysis * Neurodevelopment, Introduction Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show a high rate of symptom overlap, with a substantial proportion of individuals with one of the conditions also meeting [...]

The school setting can be a difficult place for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The core symptoms of ADHD, which include inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, make meeting the [...]

Brain scans that map differences in how brain regions communicate while people lie idle in the imaging machine could one day provide clues about afflictions ranging from Alzheimer's disease to [...]

Byline: JC Verster (Section Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, j.c.verster@uu.nl); DJ Cox (Departments of Psychiatric Medicine and Internal Medicine Director, Center for Behavioral Medicine Research, University [...]

Professionals who serve children must exercise due caution when labeling children as suffering from ADD or ADHD, the authors warn. Likewise, those who work in schools should refrain from implying [...]

Byline: Rohit. Verma, Yatan. Balhara, Shachi. Mathur Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD/ADD) is a neurobehavioral disorder of childhood onset characterized by severe, developmentally inappropriate motor hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsiveness that result [...]

Byline: Shivanand. Kattimani, S. Mahadevan Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of common neurodevelopmental disorder often comorbid with epilepsy. There are no existing guidelines on how to manage these two conditions [...]

Byline: Robert Horst, MD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often underappreciated and inadequately treated in adults.1 Long thought to be a disorder of childhood, ADHD is now believed to persist into [...]