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Purpose Although there are many researches that focus on the relationship between the vertebral artery and uncinate process (UP), there were no publications concerning difference in the dimensions of the UP between the normal spine and degenerative spine, especially in Chinese patient. The purpose of this study is to determine the anatomic parameters that can be used as a guide for the procedure in intervertebral foramen decompression and for analysis of the morphometric change in the UP of the cervical spondylosis patients. Methods Forty patients from January 2016 to January 2019 were enrolled in this study. Three-dimensional computed tomography scans of the cervical spine were performed. The patients were subdivided into two groups which were nondegenerative cervical spine group (20 cases) and degenerative cervical spine group (20 cases). Six parameters concerning the height, width and angle of the UP were measured. Results In nondegenerative group, the average pedicle width was 3.63 mm–5.91 mm from C3 to C7. The average width of safe UP resection will be 3.06 mm at C3, 3.12 mm at C4, 3.28 mm at C5, 2.74 mm at C6 and 2.01 mm at C7. The average safe depth will be 6.04 mm at C3, 6.52 mm at C4, 7.61 mm at C5, 6.07 mm at C6 and 5.09 mm at C7. There are statistic difference between degenerative group and nondegenerative group, especially in the parameter minimum height of UP, maximum height of UP, medial border's distance of UP and later border's distance of UP. Conclusion In this retrospective study, our results suggest that for the Chinese patients who suffered from cervical spondylosis could be performed intervertebral foraminotomy decompression by resecting part of the UP. The safe range within the spinal canal was up to 6.73 mm of width between inferior vertebral endplate and superior vertebral endplate in the intervertebral space and up to 5.09 mm of depth from medial border of the UP to the lateral side atC3 to C7 without interfering the spinal nerve root and vertebral artery. The translational potential of this article Our study found the safe margin to perform intervertebral foramen decompression to the UP for the cervical spondylosis patients. This may help to improve safeness of the surgical procedure and provide data for future robotic surgery.

Context: Products of at least five specific steroidogenic genes, including steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), which facilitates the entry of cytosolic cholesterol into the mitochondrion, side chain cleavage P450 enzyme, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-2, 17-hydroxylase/17-20-lyase, and aromatase, which catalyzes the final step, are necessary for the conversion of cholesterol to estrogen. Expression and biological activity of StAR and aromatase were previously demonstrated in endometriosis but not in normal endometrium. Prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)) induces aromatase expression via the transcriptional factor steroidogenic factor-1 (SF1) in endometriosis, which is opposed by chicken-ovalbumin upstream- transcription factor (COUP-TF) and Wilms' tumor-1 (WT1) in endometrium. Objective: The aim of the study was to demonstrate a complete steroidogenic pathway leading to estrogen biosynthesis in endometriotic cells and the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate basal and PGE(2)-stimulated estrogen production in endometriotic cells and endometrium. Results: Compared with normal endometrial tissues, mRNA levels of StAR, side chain cleavage P450, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid- dehydrogenase-2, 17-hydroxylase/17-20-lyase, aromatase, and SF1 were significantly higher in endometriotic tissues. PGE(2) induced the expression of all steroidogenic genes; production of progesterone, estrone, and estradiol; and StAR promoter activity in endometriotic cells. Overexpression of SF1 induced, whereas COUP-TFII or WT1 suppressed, StAR promoter activity. PGE(2) induced coordinate binding of SF1 to StAR and aromatase promoters but decreased COUP-TFII binding in endometriotic cells. COUP-TFII or WT1 binding to both promoters was significantly higher in endometrial compared with endometriotic cells. Conclusion: Endometriotic cells contain the full complement of steroidogenic genes for de novo synthesis of estradiol from cholesterol, which is stimulated by PGE(2) via enhanced binding of SF1 to promoters of StAR and aromatase genes in a synchronous fashion. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 623-631, 2009) National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [HD38691, HD40093]; Friends of Prentice This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (HD38691 and HD40093) and Friends of Prentice.

PubMedID: 26071589 OBJECTIVES: Local estrogen production in the brain regulates critical functions including neuronal development, gonadotropin secretion and sexual behavior. In the mouse brain, a 36 kb distal promoter (l.f) regulates the Cyp19a1 gene that encodes aromatase, the key enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis. In vitro, promoter l.f interacts with estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) to mediate Cyp19a1 mRNA expression and enzyme activity in mouse hypothalamic neuronal cell lines. The in vivo mechanisms that control mammalian brain aromatase expression during fetal and adult development, however, are not thoroughly understood. Our aim was to elucidate the basis of the in vivo connection between Esrl and Cyp19a1. METHODS: Pregnant mice were sacrificed at gestational days 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21 and the brain tissues of the fetuses were harvested along with five newborns at the age of postnatal day 2. Esr1 KO (female) were also sacrificed and their hypothalamus were excised out. Then both fetuses and adults RNA were isolated, reverse transcribed and amplified employing primers specific for Esrl and Cyp19a1 with Real time PCR. RESULTS: In the fetal mouse brain, Cyp19a1 mRNA levels are inversely correlated with estrogen receptor alpha (Esr1) mRNA levels in a temporal manner. Moreover, Cyp19a1 mRNA levels increased in the hypothalamus of estrogen receptor-alpha knockout female mice (Esr1KO). CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings might indicate that Esr1 has crucial roles in the in vivo regulation of aromatase expression in the brain during fetal and adult life. © 2015 Neuroendocrinology Letters. Northwestern University

In this study, we aimed to investigate a possible association of the COX-2 polymorphisms (-765G›C and -1195A›G) and with the risk of developing epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC). COX-2 gene polymorphisms was investigated in 111 healthy women and 57 patients with EOC. Individuals who had -765 CG, -1195 AA genotype, and -765 C allele had increased risk for ovarian carcinoma (P

… Soc Gynecol Invest

Stem cells can be used in different areas of obstetrics and gynecology. Adult stem cells are specialized cells found within many tissues of the body where they function in tissue homeostasis and repair. In vitro they have been shown to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have been used to set up therapeutic strategies for the treatment of gynecological solid tumors such as ovarian cancer. Stem cells can be used for prenatal transplantation and in utero gene therapy. Also stem cells can be used in infertility and IVF for research and treatment. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Benzodiazepines, barbiturates, amphetamines and some other non-controlled drugs were identified by GLC and HPLC then confirmed by GC-MS techniques. Comparative studies and discussions on the results obtained by GLC and HPLC were attempted. تشتمل هذه الدراسة على مقارنة سلوك بعض العقاقير التي يساء استخدامها سواء كانت خاضعة أو غير خاضعة للرقابة وعلى الأخص مركبات البنزوديازيبينات ، وذلك باستخدام طرق تحليل ألية مثل كروماتوجرافيا الغاز وكروماتوجرافيا السائل عالية الكفاءة . ولقد أوضحت الدراسة أن كلاً الوسيلتين مكملتين في عمليات التعرف والتقدير للمواد المخدرة .