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Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a worldwide mental health problem that deserves thorough investigation. This study aims to explore the effect of parenting styles, attachment to parents, and self-compassion on the occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior in adolescents and whether these factors influence their recovery motivation. Methods: A total of 132 adolescents who had engaged in NSSI within the last year and 72 adolescents who had never engaged in NSSI were recruited from the Shenzhen Kangning Hospital and from primary and secondary schools and communities. Differences in the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Egma Minn av. Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) of participants were compared. A binary logistic model was established to measure the odds ratios of these variables on the occurrence of NSSI. In the NSSI adolescent sample, separate binary logistic models were created with NSSI impulse inhibition, NSSI resistance activity, and NSSI recovery motivation as dependent variables and with parenting styles, attachment to parents, and self-compassion as independent variables. Results: Compared with adolescents with no NSSI behavior, those who had engaged in NSSI within the past year had higher scores on the HAMD, as well as higher EMBU-negative father parental behavior (punishment, excessive interference, rejection, and overprotection), EMBU-negative mother parental behavior (excessive interference, rejection, and punishment), and SCS negative self-compassion scores. Moreover, adolescents with NSSI had lower EMBUfather emotional warmth, EMBU-mother emotional warmth, IPPA-attachment to father, IPPA-attachment to mother, and SCS positive self-compassion scores. Current depressive symptoms and maternal punishment are risk factors for NSSI in adolescents, while positive self-compassion was a protective factor. Positive self-compassion can positively predict NSSI impulse inhibition, NSSI resistance activity, and NSSI recovery motivation. However, we unexpectedly found that the father's emotional warmth negatively predicts NSSI resistance activity. Conclusion: This study found that positive self-compassion has a significant impact on the prevention of and recovery from NSSI behavior in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although literature states that individual, relational, and contextual factors contribute to adolescents' sense of agency, more research is needed to clarify and understand how adolescents develop this belief over time. The current study examined the stability/change trajectories of the sense of agency during adolescence, specifically across high school, analyzing whether attachment to parents over time, adolescents' sex, cumulative risk in baseline, and pandemic-related stress explained these trajectories. The sample included 467 Portuguese adolescents (40.7% were males; Mage = 15.58 years, SD = 0.80), evaluated three times across 18 months. This work yielded three significant findings. First, adolescents' sense of agency significantly increased over time, with significant between-subject variance at the initial levels but not at the growth rate. Second, attachment to parents consistently links to adolescents' sense of agency across time, despite the differential contributions from attachment to mothers and fathers. Third, boys reported greater growth in the sense of agency than girls. Adolescents' cumulative risk at T1 predicted lower initial levels of sense of agency, whereas higher pandemic-related stress predicted less growth of the sense of agency. These findings emphasize the contributions of individual and family characteristics and the role of the broader social context in shaping the development of adolescents' sense of agency. The findings underline the need to consider further the differential influences of adolescents' relationships with mothers and fathers to understand changes in adolescents' sense of agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social bond theory provides a clear theoretical link between attachment to parents and reduced involvement with substance use regardless of the substance use-related attitudes and behaviors of parents. In contrast, social learning theories contend that attachment to parents may increase substance use if youth perceive that their parents are less disapproving, or even approving, of it. To date, these contrasting propositions have received limited empirical attention, and the present study aims to resolve this theoretical tension. Using data on a statewide sample of middle and high school students from Florida (N = 48315), we assess the main and interactive effects of attachment to parents and parental disapproval of substance use on youths' own use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. The results provide evidence that the negative to null effect of attachment to parents on substance use changes to positive as youth perceive parents to be less disapproving of substance use. The findings of this study challenge the assumption that greater attachment to parents is universally protective against substance use and provide support for social learning perspectives over social bond theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Guided by attachment theory, we explored in the present study the links between parental emotion-coaching, attachment to parents, and adolescent's sense of agency. Further, we examined a possible mediating role of adolescent's attachment to parents in the association between parental emotion-coaching and sense of agency. All models control for cumulative psychosocial risk, and adolescents' sex and age, and take into account the reports of both mothers and fathers. The sample included 501 Portuguese families comprising adolescents, their mothers, and their fathers. Adolescents (ages ranged from 15 to 18) reported on their attachment to parents, personal agency, and cumulative psychosocial risk, whereas mothers and fathers independently completed a questionnaire assessing their meta-emotion skills. The results indicate that both mothers' and fathers' emotional-coaching are positively associated with the quality of adolescent's attachment to parents. Nonetheless, parental emotion-coaching are not directly associate with sense of agency. The quality of emotional bond with father is linked to a more positive sense of agency, while relationships characterized by mother's inhibition of adolescent's exploration are associated with less positive perceptions of agency. Parental emotion-coaching seems to be associated with the sense of personal agency through the quality of attachment to parents. These results are discussed according to attachment theory taking into account the parents' importance to adolescents' development. Our findings provide a first attempt to unravel the possible links between parental emotion-coaching, attachment to parents, and sense of agency; nevertheless, they need to expand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was based on a sequential explanatory mixedmethod research design to build an understanding of the relationships among attachment to parents, hope, perceived school climate, and math anxiety in early adolescents by proposing a multiple mediation model. In the quantitative part, a total of 300 secondary school students (55% girls and 44% boys) participated in the study. The mean age of the adolescents was 12.70 years (SD: 0.78). The participants were recruited from five middle schools in Turkey. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 students. The qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. The results showed that there was a positive relationship among attachment to parents, hope, and perceived school climate, and all variables negatively correlated with math anxiety. The findings from the mediational analyses also indicated that the serial multiple mediation of hope and perceived school climate in the hypothetical model was statistically significant. Moreover, it was observed that the qualitative findings supported the established relationships among the variables and the mediational analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As many states have passed laws increasing the availability of legal marijuana, a growing body of research has explored the consequences of these trends on youths' marijuana-related perceptions and behaviors. However, prior work has been mixed on the effects of county-level variation in marijuana accessibility stemming from ordinances governing dispensary operations, and previous studies have not investigated whether the robust protective effects of attachment to parents on adolescent outcomes are moderated by these contextual factors. We use individual-level data from the 2022 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (N = 47,572) merged with information on Florida counties to examine the direct and interactive effects of the presence/number of marijuana dispensaries and adolescents' attachment to parents on their use of marijuana, beliefs about its perceived wrongfulness, perceived parental approval of marijuana use, and perceived harmlessness of marijuana use. Although attachment to parents was inversely associated with all four outcomes, little evidence of independent or cross-level interaction effects of marijuana dispensaries emerged. Within a state that permits medical marijuana, county-level differences in marijuana access are likely not a salient risk factor for adolescents' marijuana use, beliefs, and perceptions. Effective parenting represents a consistent protective influence across these contexts. • Attachment to parents was inversely associated with all four marijuana outcomes. • Marijuana dispensaries were not associated with any of the four marijuana outcomes. • County-level dispensaries did not moderate the effects of attachment to parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the presence of a pet at home influences children's attachment to their parents and psychological adjustment. A convenience sample of 276 participants (48.9% of whom owned of a dog or dogs; 138 children with a mean age of 8.79 years and 138 parents with a mean age of 40.37 years) was used. Two multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs), controlling for parent's age, were performed to analyze the data. The MANCOVA results show lower levels of attachment to the mother and father in children with pets compared to children without pets. Additionally, compared to children without pets, children with pets scored lower in emotional symptoms and conduct problems and higher in prosocial behavior. These findings suggest that the presence of a pet could correlate with less perceived security in the attachment relationship with parents, probably because pets are often adopted into families with children to compensate for loneliness or closeness. However, according to the literature, the presence of a pet in itself seems to be a protective factor for a child's psychological development. Limitations and future research perspectives are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents are a population particularly at risk of body dissatisfaction, namely body dysmorphic disorder. The most recent literature has begun to increasingly examine muscularity as a critical element of body image. The drive for muscularity is recognized in both sexes as a risk factor for muscle dysmorphia. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of attachment to parents and gender on the association between parental criticism and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology. This study included 1062 participants (49.9% female) with an average age of 17.44 years (SD = 1.14). Path analysis modeling yielded significant results show that parental criticism appears to predict body dysmorphic concerns via parental alienation in both genders. and in males in particular it is associated with a greater drive for muscularity, in accordance with the male aesthetic model of physical appearance. Limits, future directions for research and practical implications are discussed.

Previous research recognises poor parental monitoring, negative parental upbringing practices and insecure attachment as risk factors of great importance for understanding externalising problems in adolescence. The aim of the research is to understand the role that affective attachment to parents plays in the interpretation of the relationship between parental monitoring and upbringing practices with externalising problems of adolescents. A total of 507 adolescents (209 males and 298 females), aged between 15 to 18 filled the questionnaires. Through the use of structural equation modelling, trust in parents is revealed as important mediator with systematic effect that deserves further attention. It is found that trust in parents, especially in mothers, is a more potent mediator for explaining the link between positive parenting and parental monitoring with aggressive behaviour than with rule-breaking behaviour. Results are discussed in the light of the importance of parent-adolescent relationship for externalising problems in adolescence.

This study focuses on emerging adults' personal agency, an individual feature associated with enhanced adaptive and resilient developmental trajectories. The two objectives were to explore the role of demographic, psychosocial risk, and relational factors in predicting personal agency and analyze whether romantic attachment mediates the connection between parental attachment and personal agency. The sample consisted of 607 Portuguese emerging adults aged between 18 and 30 years. Structural equation modeling results suggest that men are more likely to exhibit higher levels of personal agency than women. Trustful romantic relations and good paternal emotional bonds are associated with greater personal agency, while dependent romantic relations and maternal relations, characterized by inhibition of exploration, are associated with lower personal agency. Moreover, in romantic relations, trust, unlike dependence, partially mediates the association between parental attachment and personal agency. These findings are discussed based on attachment and self-determination theories, considering the importance of secure relationships for agency and autonomy in personal actions. This study provides important evidence for the influencers and mediators of personal agency, contributing to a better understanding of this individual capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work evaluated the cross-sectional and longitudinal (i.e., over four months) impact of attachment to mother, father, and peers on three psychopathic traits (i.e., grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, and impulsive-irresponsible) using a community adolescent sample, and if that impact was differentiated by gender. Though there is evidence for the relevance of attachment on psychopathy, little was derived from adolescent samples or considered diverse attachment figures that play a role in adolescents' psychosocial development. A sample of 279 adolescents (aged 15 to 21 years; 58.4% female) was asked to self-report on their perceived quality of attachment to parents and peers and on psychopathic traits. Results show evidence for the cross-sectional and longitudinal impact of attachment on psychopathic traits: specifically, attachment to parents is linked with the grandiose-manipulative and impulsive-irresponsible psychopathic traits, whereas attachment to peers relates with the callous-unemotional trait. Predictive pathways were overall similar between boys and girls. These results sustain the importance of considering attachment when trying to understand and intervene in antisocial adolescent behavior, namely by adopting a more generalized perspective on who may play a protective role in relation to the development of each psychopathic trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature suggests that the relational quality of parent-child dyad may be assumed as a risk or protective factor in the development and projection of life aspirations and development of psychopathologic symptoms of depressive nature. The present study aims to analyze the role of quality of attachment to parents in the development of life aspirations of adolescents, testing the mediating effect of depression in the previous association. The sample consisted of 1326 participants, aged between 12 and 18 years. The results suggest that the dimensions of attachment to parents differentially predict the intrinsic and extrinsic life aspirations and depressive symptoms. It also notes that depressive symptoms have a positive mediator effect on the association between the quality of the emotional bond to the father and extrinsic life aspirations. The results were discussed in the light of the theory of attachment and self- determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to investigate the role of attachment to parents on the quality of life by mediating self-compassion in girls without /with bad caregivers. The research method was descriptive and correlational. The samples were 241 individuals selected by random sampling from 450 without /with bad caregivers’ girls in Tehran province. Instruments used were: The World Health Organization Quality of Life group-BREF (WHO-QOL-BREF), the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) Armsden & Greenberg, and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) of Neff. The collected data were analyzed by path analysis. According to the findings, the direct effect of attachment to parents on the quality of life was significant. The indirect effect of attachment to parents was also significant through the mediating variable of compassion. Attachment to parents plays a role in the quality of life of without /with bad caregivers’ girls, both directly and through self-compassion. Therefore, this research results can help develop interventions for girls with and without bad caregivers.

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a worldwide mental health problem that deserves thorough investigation. This study aims to explore the effect of parenting styles, attachment to parents, and self-compassion on the occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior in adolescents and whether these factors influence their recovery motivation., Methods: A total of 132 adolescents who had engaged in NSSI within the last year and 72 adolescents who had never engaged in NSSI were recruited from the Shenzhen Kangning Hospital and from primary and secondary schools and communities. Differences in the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Egma Minn av. Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) of participants were compared. A binary logistic model was established to measure the odds ratios of these variables on the occurrence of NSSI. In the NSSI adolescent sample, separate binary logistic models were created with NSSI impulse inhibition, NSSI resistance activity, and NSSI recovery motivation as dependent variables and with parenting styles, attachment to parents, and self-compassion as independent variables., Results: Compared with adolescents with no NSSI behavior, those who had engaged in NSSI within the past year had higher scores on the HAMD, as well as higher EMBU-negative father parental behavior (punishment, excessive interference, rejection, and overprotection), EMBU-negative mother parental behavior (excessive interference, rejection, and punishment), and SCS negative self-compassion scores. Moreover, adolescents with NSSI had lower EMBU-father emotional warmth, EMBU-mother emotional warmth, IPPA-attachment to father, IPPA-attachment to mother, and SCS positive self-compassion scores. Current depressive symptoms and maternal punishment are risk factors for NSSI in adolescents, while positive self-compassion was a protective factor. Positive self-compassion can positively predict NSSI impulse inhibition, NSSI resistance activity, and NSSI recovery motivation. However, we unexpectedly found that the father's emotional warmth negatively predicts NSSI resistance activity., Conclusion: This study found that positive self-compassion has a significant impact on the prevention of and recovery from NSSI behavior in adolescents., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liu, Liu, Li and Lu.)

Background: Parental chronic illness is associated with an elevated risk for developing social-emotional and behavioral problems in children, in particular internalizing symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the associations between parental chronic illness when participants were adolescents and subsequent internalizing symptoms in young adulthood and whether adolescent attachment to parents or peers mediates these associations. Methods: The study used longitudinal survey data from the Youth and Mental Health Study, a cohort study including a representative sample of youth in central Norway assessed in the period from 1999 to 2000 (mean age 14.9 years) and in 2012 (mean age 27.2 years) (N = 1,266). The data consist of youth self-reports at both time points. Parental chronic illness was reported by the adolescents, quality of attachment was measured using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and internalizing problems were assessed in young adulthood by using the Adult Self-Report (ASR). Data were analyzed using parallel mediation analyses, controlling for adolescent sex, parental socioeconomic status, and divorce. In addition, separate analyses were conducted for adolescent girls and boys. Results: The total longitudinal effect was significant for both maternal and paternal chronic illness on internalizing problems in young adulthood. The direct effect on internalizing problems was only significant for maternal chronic illness. Attachment to fathers partially mediated the relationship between maternal chronic illness in adolescence and internalizing symptoms in young adulthood, whereas attachment to both mothers and fathers fully mediated the relationship between paternal chronic illness in adolescence and internalizing symptoms in young adulthood. A separate analysis for girls and boys indicated that the results were only significant for girls. Parental chronic illness did not play a significant indirect effect via attachment to peers on internalizing problems. Conclusions: Identifying protective factors in the pathways between parental chronic illness and mental distress in children could guide measures that promote the well-being of the child and family. The study demonstrates the importance of targeting the entire family in chronic illness care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents are a population particularly at risk of body dissatisfaction, namely body dysmorphic disorder. The most recent literature has begun to increasingly examine muscularity as a critical element of body image. The drive for muscularity is recognized in both sexes as a risk factor for muscle dysmorphia. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of attachment to parents and gender on the association between parental criticism and muscle dysmorphia symptomatology. This study included 1062 participants (49.9% female) with an average age of 17.44 years (SD = 1.14). Path analysis modeling yielded significant results show that parental criticism appears to predict body dysmorphic concerns via parental alienation in both genders. and in males in particular it is associated with a greater drive for muscularity, in accordance with the male aesthetic model of physical appearance. Limits, future directions for research and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on attachment theory and a social-cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), this study examined the roles of parent–child communication, perceived parental depression, and intrusive rumination in the association between insecure attachment to parents and PTSD among adolescents following the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. In this study, 620 adolescents were recruited to complete self-report questionnaires. The results showed that the direct association between anxious attachment and PTSD was significant, but that between avoidant attachment and PTSD was non-significant. In addition, both anxious and avoidant attachment had indirect associations with PTSD via the mediating effects of parent–child communication openness and problems, perceived parental depression, and intrusive rumination. However, the specific paths between anxious and avoidant attachment and PTSD were different. The findings indicated that insecure attachment among adolescents following the earthquake was predictive for their PTSD, and the mechanisms underlying the association between anxious attachment and PTSD and the association between avoidant attachment and PTSD were distinct. To alleviate PTSD, more attention should be paid to improving the quality of parent–child communication for adolescents with avoidant attachment to parents, and to reducing negative cognition in adolescents with anxious attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Parental chronic illness is associated with an elevated risk for developing social-emotional and behavioral problems in children, in particular internalizing symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the associations between parental chronic illness when participants were adolescents and subsequent internalizing symptoms in young adulthood and whether adolescent attachment to parents or peers mediates these associations.Methods: The study used longitudinal survey data from the Youth and Mental Health Study, a cohort study including a representative sample of youth in central Norway assessed in the period from 1999 to 2000 (mean age 14.9 years) and in 2012 (mean age 27.2 years) (N = 1,266). The data consist of youth self-reports at both time points. Parental chronic illness was reported by the adolescents, quality of attachment was measured using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), and internalizing problems were assessed in young adulthood by using the Adult Self-Report (ASR). Data were analyzed using parallel mediation analyses, controlling for adolescent sex, parental socioeconomic status, and divorce. In addition, separate analyses were conducted for adolescent girls and boys.Results: The total longitudinal effect was significant for both maternal and paternal chronic illness on internalizing problems in young adulthood. The direct effect on internalizing problems was only significant for maternal chronic illness. Attachment to fathers partially mediated the relationship between maternal chronic illness in adolescence and internalizing symptoms in young adulthood, whereas attachment to both mothers and fathers fully mediated the relationship between paternal chronic illness in adolescence and internalizing symptoms in young adulthood. A separate analysis for girls and boys indicated that the results were only significant for girls. Parental chronic illness did not play a significant indirect effect via attachment to peers on internalizing problems.Conclusions: Identifying protective factors in the pathways between parental chronic illness and mental distress in children could guide measures that promote the well-being of the child and family. The study demonstrates the importance of targeting the entire family in chronic illness care.

The aim of this study is to examine the contribution of social appearance anxiety, attachment of parents and peers in predicting depression in adolescents. The sample of the study consisted of 512 high school students who continued their education in the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grades in Alanya in the 2018-2019 academic year. In the analysis of the data, Personal Information Form, Beck Depression Scale, Social Appearance Anxiety Scale, and Parent and Friends Attachment Inventory Short Form were used. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. It was observed that there was a significant relationship between depression and social appearance anxiety, attachment to mother, attachment to father, and attachment to friend, and the mentioned variables explained approximately 32% of the variance related to depression. The order of contribution to predicting depression; social appearance anxiety is in the form of attachment to the father, attachment to the mother and attachment to the friend. In addition, there was a significant relationship between depression and gender, income status and perceived parental attitude. Looking at the results, girls are more than boys; According to those with minimum wage income between 4000 TL and minimum wage income; those who perceive that they are authoritarian, inconsistent or irrelevant parental attitudes are higher than those who perceive that they are democratic parental attitudes. There was no significant difference in depression levels by grade level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been documented that destructive interparental conflict (IPC) is risky for emerging adults' romantic experience. Despite this, the mechanism through which such a conflicting relationship between the parents can be transmitted to offspring during emerging adulthood has not been thoroughly addressed. This study focused on the mediating roles of emerging adults' attachment to parents and interpersonal security to examine whether they jointly mediate the relationship between destructive IPC and emerging adults' romantic relationship quality. A total of 202 Chinese undergraduate and graduate students aged 18–26 (65.4% females) participated in an online survey, all of whom were in romantic relationships. With structural equation modeling, results revealed two indirect pathways linking destructive IPC and adults' romantic relationship quality: first, destructive IPC was indirectly associated with emerging adults' romantic relationship quality through the mediating role of attachment to parents in early adulthood; second, destructive IPC was indirectly linked with emerging adults' romantic relationship quality through the sequential mediating roles of emerging adults' attachment to parents and interpersonal security. The findings of the study elucidated a potential process that IPC is likely to shape emerging adults' romantic relationship quality through both adults' attachment to parents and adults' preconception about interpersonal security, thus offering avenues for facilitating the quality of emerging adults' romantic relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of parental attachment in adolescents' life satisfaction. The study group consisted of 470 high school students (237 females, 233 males) who were attended schools in Denizli- Turkey in 2016-2017 academic year. In this study, Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale and Attachment to Parents and Friends Inventory were used to gather data. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships between variables for the analysis of data. In addition, multiple regression analysis was used to determine the power of the attachment to parent to predict the sub-dimensions of the life satisfaction. The results showed that positive correlations were found between attachment to parents (mother and father) and life satisfaction (family, friends, environment, school and self) in adolescents. In addition, it was found that attachment to the parents was a positive and significant predictor of the life satisfaction (family, friends, environment, school, self) in adolescents. Implications of these results are discussed within the context of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundA secure attachment style could promote more intimacy in romantic relationships, while an insecure attachment style could be correlated with less positive romantic relationships in adulthood. Numerous studies have noted that a secure attachment to parents was correlated with lower levels of aggression, whereas insecure attachments were associated with higher levels of aggression. We aimed to investigate the role of the attachment system as a mediator of the expression of aggressiveness during adolescence. Specifically, we considered that the attachment to parents and peers could influence one’s attachment to a romantic partner.MethodsWe empirically tested whether there were relationships of parent and peer attachment on aggressiveness mediated by romantic attachment style. Participants of the study included 411 students.ResultsResults indicated that for males an insecure father-child attachment style seems to be associated with higher levels of anxiety and avoidance in romantic attachments and then with aggressiveness. For females, an insecure mother-child attachment style seems to be associated with higher levels of aggressiveness.ConclusionThe attachment to parents and to peers plays a key role in defining romantic attachment according to gender, and these dimensions in turn tend to affect the levels of aggressiveness.

Background: A secure attachment style could promote more intimacy in romantic relationships, while an insecure attachment style could be correlated with less positive romantic relationships in adulthood. Numerous studies have noted that a secure attachment to parents was correlated with lower levels of aggression, whereas insecure attachments were associated with higher levels of aggression. We aimed to investigate the role of the attachment system as a mediator of the expression of aggressiveness during adolescence. Specifically, we considered that the attachment to parents and peers could influence one's attachment to a romantic partner. Methods: We empirically tested whether there were relationships of parent and peer attachment on aggressiveness mediated by romantic attachment style. Participants of the study included 411 students. Results: Results indicated that for males an insecure father-child attachment style seems to be associated with higher levels of anxiety and avoidance in romantic attachments and then with aggressiveness. For females, an insecure mother-child attachment style seems to be associated with higher levels of aggressiveness. Conclusion: The attachment to parents and to peers plays a key role in defining romantic attachment according to gender, and these dimensions in turn tend to affect the levels of aggressiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to determine the attachment of adolescents to their parents according to geographical regions in Turkey and gender. The research group consisted of 6061 adolescents. With an age average of 15.53 years. The Inventory of Attachment to Parents and Friends- Brief Form (EABE) was used as data acquisition tool. The results of the study indicated significant difference between the scores of students regarding the inventory of attachment to parents according to regions. Evaluating the findings regarding attachment to father and mother together, the findings were similar, and the attachment levels of adolescents in Middle Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia and Black Sea Region were found to be higher than the ones in other regions. This result may be related with socioeconomic, geographical and cultural structures of the regions. Examining the finding according to gender variable, the scores of male students are significantly lower than the scores of female students. As a result according to the data gained from a wide sample group; the main factors for the attachment of adolescents to their parents in Turkey are the geographical regions in Turkey and the gender. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2016; 8(4.000): 406-419]

The study investigated young adults’ perceptions of their parents and romantic partners with respect to the quality of attachment to the loved ones. The sample consisted of 78 young Russian men and women aged 19–25 involved in a romantic relationship for at least for 12 months. The employed instruments were the Attachment to Close People Questionnaire (ACOQ), based on the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire, the Adolescents’ Report of Parental Behavior Inventory, and Leary’s Interpersonal Behavior Measure. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the attachment to the mother contributed to attachment to the romantic partner more than the attachment to the father. The attachment security with the partner was associated with the image of the partner.

This three-year longitudinal study explored the effects of parental attachment and initial college adjustment on students' perception of parental involvement in academic functioning as well as contributions of several parenting dimensions to academic, emotional and social adjustments after three years of college. A total of 171 Croatian college students (118 females) completed questionnaires related to their parental attachment, parental involvement in academic functioning, and adjustment to college. Data were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis. Results suggested that parental involvement in academic functioning in the second year is more related to the quality of attachment to parents than to the initial adjustment to college. While attachment was a significant predictor of only emotional adjustment, parental support in academic functioning predicted academic and social adjustment to college after three years of college. Results suggest that various factors related to parenting continue to play an important role in different aspects of students' adjustment to college.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the association between attachment and psychopathic traits. A systematic search of relevant articles yielded 12 studies (11 independent samples), containing 133 effect sizes based on in total 1876 participants. Results from a three-level random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated a small-to-medium significant, overall association of r = 0.18, indicating that insecure attachment was positively related to psychopathic traits. We also tested moderator effects; six significant moderators were found. First, the magnitude of the effect size depended on which psychopathic trait was investigated; the largest effect size was found for callous-unemotional traits (r = 0.23), and no effect was found for antisocial behavior, narcissism and impulsivity. Second, parent- and caregiver reports on psychopathic traits resulted in stronger associations compared to self-reports and a composite of multiple sources. Third and fourth, the association varied across attachment and psychopathic traits instruments. Fifth, if both attachment and psychopathic traits were reported by the same informant, the association was stronger than when attachment and psychopathic traits were reported by different informants. Sixth, the association differed across sample setting, with the strongest association for a clinical setting followed by a secured setting and no association for both community or combined settings. No moderating effects were found for the attachment categories, attachment to whom and the informant of attachment, publication year, and sample characteristics, such as gender, age, and sample size. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and clinical practice. Highlights • As a whole, psychopathic traits were positively related to insecure attachment. • Of these traits, only callous-unemotional traits showed a relation with attachment. • Only in clinical and secured settings this relation was present. • Solely parent- and caregiver reports on psychopathic traits showed this relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We set out to show that sociosexual orientation (SSO) and erotophilia are two different traits that can be evidenced as early as middle adolescence, and to examine their associations with attachment to parents. Self-report scales measuring SSO, erotophilia, and attachment to the mother and the father were administered to 289 12- to 17-year-olds. Based on an exploratory factor analysis, SSO and erotophilia are two different, consistent dimensions in this age range. A six-month test-retest revealed a moderate-to-high rank-order stability of the two traits, which were positively and moderately correlated. Boys scored higher than girls on both traits. During the six-month interval between T1 and T2, erotophilia increased whereas SSO did not change. Regression analyses showed that a positive perception of attachment to the same-sex parent among boys accounted for SSO, regardless of perceived attachment to the other-sex parent. This held true for girls also, but to a lesser extent. In the discussion, we emphasize the differences between boys' and girls' mating behavior, and the differences between attachment to same-sex vs other-sex parents as possible influences on SSO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of early relationships established with the parents seems to be extremely relevant in the physical and emotional development of young people. The construction and development of secure bases relationships suggest greater willingness to establish relationships outside the family environment, in particular the romantic relationship. However, insecure affective experiences with primary figures of affection are associated with difficulties in external relations. This study aims to analyse the attachment to parents and test its effect on romantic relationship in emerging adults, as well as test the mediating role of interparental conflict in previous association. Were participating 505 individuals, aged between 18 and 25 years old (M = 20.59; DP = 1.78), that answer to Attachment Questionnaire to Father and Mother (QVPM), Romantic Attachment Questionnaire (QVA), and to Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (CPIC). The results point to a positive predictor effect of attachment to parents on romantic attachment. It is observed also that the interparental conflicts have a mediator role in the association between attachment to parents and the romantic attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the theoretical framework of attachment theory, this study examined associations between adolescents' attachment relationships with both mother and father and their academic adjustment, and explored the potential mediation role of self-worth in the associations. Participants were 384 Chinese adolescents (49.6% male, average age = 15.13 years) from public schools in Shanghai, China. They completed self-report measures of mother-adolescent attachment, father-adolescent attachment, general self-worth, academic engagement and school grades. The results indicated that adolescents' attachments to both parents were associated with higher levels of academic engagement. There was partial support of the mediating role of self-worth, as adolescents who had high levels of parent-adolescent attachment were more likely to have high levels of self-worth, which in turn enhanced their academic engagement and then improved high school grades. The findings highlighted the importance of parental attachment-based intervention strategies to promote and maintain academic adjustment among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to determine the attachment of adolescents to their parents according to geographical regions in Turkey and gender. The research group consisted of 6061 adolescents. With an age average of 15.53 years. The Inventory of Attachment to Parents and Friends- Brief Form (EABE) was used as data acquisition tool. The results of the study indicated significant difference between the scores of students regarding the inventory of attachment to parents according to regions. Evaluating the findings regarding attachment to father and mother together, the findings were similar, and the attachment levels of adolescents in Middle Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia and Black Sea Region were found to be higher than the ones in other regions. This result may be related with socioeconomic, geographical and cultural structures of the regions. Examining the finding according to gender variable, the scores of male students are significantly lower than the scores of female students. As a result according to the data gained from a wide sample group; the main factors for the attachment of adolescents to their parents in Turkey are the geographical regions in Turkey and the gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this study was to create a scale to measure career development levels in female university students and identify any influences exerted by attachment to parents. The findings revealed that a secure base of attachment to parents had a positive influence on realization, commitment, planning, and goal setting in career development. In addition, the safe haven of attachment to parents had a positive influence on self-understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study's goal was to analyze whether the quality of university students' relationship with their parents mediated the association between mental health and physical symp-toms and health behavior. Participants were 250 university students (66% female and 34% male), aged between 17 and 29 years old (M = 20.88, SD = 2.03) that answered the Father/Mother Attachment Questionnaire (FMAQ), the Physical Symptoms Scale from the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist (RSCL), the Health Behavior Questionnaire (HBQ), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The results showed that the indirect effect of physical symptoms on health behavior was significantly mediated by the father's and mother's inhibition of exploration and individuality (IEI). Also the indirect effect of psychological distress on health behavior was significantly mediated by the father's and mother's IEI. These results suggest that young adults who had more restrictions to their individuality show worse health behaviors. Separation Anxiety and Dependence (SAD) and Quality of Emotional Bond (QEB), the other 2 attachment scales, were not mediators of the relationship between physical symptoms/ psychological distress and health behavior. This study shows the importance of pro-moting positive parenting practices that contribute to healthier behavior choices and less risky behaviors, as well as the need for more studies that clearly identify these practices in young adult populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Prenatal attachment, which refers to the feeling of love for one’s unborn child, has been related to the future parent-child relationship. However, attempts to link prenatal attachment to parental psychosocial variables have generated inconsistent results. I argue that these disappointing findings can be explained because correlates of prenatal attachment were studied in isolation. Using a sample comprising 161 Canadian adult couples all expecting their first child, the present paper examines correlates of prenatal attachment in interaction. In the third trimester of the pregnancy, each participant completed measures of prenatal attachment, neuroticism, union quality with partners, attachment to parents and pregnancy planning. Results reveal that, for women, union quality with their partner was positively associated with their level of prenatal attachment, but only for those with low levels of neuroticism or low levels of attachment to their parents. Results are slightly different for men. Men’s quality of union with their partner was positively associated with their attachment to their unborn child, but only for those who were also strongly attached to their parents. The unique combination of risk and protective factors of future parents seems to explain the quality of their prenatal attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]