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Just as children have fairly consistent attachment styles toward parents, we argue that parents have fairly consistent attachment styles toward children. It generally will be easiest for gifted children to develop their gifts and display them successfully if their parents were securely attached to them. But the children who have experienced insecure forms of attachment from their parents—avoidant, anxious, or inconsistent/fearful—may be able to turn these forms of insecure attachment into bases that actually enhance their creative work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It seems that the fear of missing out on meaningful relationships, especially in romantic relationships, is rooted in attachment styles, and this leads to self-sufficiency in women. Therefore, the study of the antecedents affecting women's self-silence can lead to some psychological problems in them. Aims: The purpose of this study was to design and test the structural pattern of self-silence in married women based on attachment style, emotional expression, and loneliness with the mediation of selfcompassion. Methods: The research method was fundamental research and descriptive and correlational research (structural equation modeling analysis). The statistical population was married women referred to psychological and counseling services centers in Tehran in 2023. The research sample was 400 married women referred to psychological and counseling services centers in Tehran in 2023, who were selected by random sampling. Data were collected using a self-silencing scale (Jack, & Dill, 1992), Adult Attachment Style Inventory (Hazan, & Shaver, 1987), Emotional Expression Questionnaire (King, & Emmons, 1990), Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (DiTommaso et al, 2004), and Self-compassion Questionnaire (Neff, 2003). To analyze the data AMOS software was used. Results: The results of the data analysis showed that emotional expression has a positive and significant effect on self-compassion and a negative and significant effect on self-silence (P< 0.05). The direct effect of emotional loneliness on self-compassion was negative and significant, and on self-silence was positive and significant (P< 0.05). The direct positive effect of secure attachment styles on self-compassion was positive and significant, and on self-silence was negative and significant (P< 0.05). Also, the direct effect of avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles on self-compassion was negative and self-silence was positive and significant. Also, emotional expression, emotional loneliness, and attachment styles through self-compassion had an indirect effect on self-silence. Conclusion: According to the results, it is possible to moderate an important part of loneliness and emotional self-assertion in married women by teaching self-compassion skills. Therefore, it is possible to benefit from teaching self-compassion skills to silence women in counseling and psychotherapy clinics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aims to compare childhood traumas, attachment styles, impulsivity, and quality of life of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) patients in remission with healthy controls and to reveal the relationships between these parameters. Methods: The study included one hundred patients diagnosed with OUD and one hundred healthy volunteers. Sociodemographic data form, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders Clinician Version, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Relationship Scales Questionnaire, Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11, World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Brief Version and Substance Craving Scale were administered. Results: Emotional abuse, physical abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect scores were higher in the OUD group (p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001, p=0.005, respectively). Attachment styles were found to be similar in the OUD and healthy control groups. A comparison of quality of life scores revealed that general health, physical health, and social relationships subscale scores were lower in the OUD group (p=0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Unplanned impulsivity scores were higher in the OUD (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis found strong associations between age, smoking, physical neglect, and unplanned impulsivity with opioid use. Conclusion: The patients with OUD have a lower quality of life and experience more childhood trauma. Attachment styles in OUD appear similar to healthy controls. Age, smoking, physical neglect, and unplanned impulsivity have strong associations with opioid use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy-specific anxiety (PSA) has been differentiated from general anxiety (GA) to better account for the heterogeneity of prenatal anxiety and possible measurement bias. A longitudinal study was conducted to determine the evolution of maternal anxiety symptoms during pregnancy, distinguishing PSA and GA, and the influence of maternal attachment A sample of 155 women (mean age 32.5, SD 3.88) were enrolled in their first trimester of pregnancy (T1) in one center and follow throughout their pregnancy. The Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ) were completed at T1, and, for the last two, at the second (T2) and third trimesters of pregnancy (T3). Multi-level model found significant decreases in the PRAQ total score and the STAI total score between T1 and T3, but only the PRAQ total score decreased from T1 to T2. Preoccupied maternal attachment was independently associated with higher PRAQ and STAI total scores at T1, T2, and T3. Considering the progressive decline of the levels of PSA and GA during pregnancy, interventions should focus on pregnant mothers with risk factors for a persisting course of anxiety such as preoccupied attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject: Secondary traumatic stress (STS) is the indirect traumatisation of a person through the stress of helping or knowing about other's trauma. Burnout is gradual exhaustion in response to long‐term work‐related stress. Both have negative psychological, physiological and/or organisational consequences; however, the existing research in forensic health care professionals (FHCPs) is limited.One study explored STS in FCHPs and found that lower psychological flexibility (ability to adapt) was a predictor of greater STS. Existing research on burnout in FHCPs suggests that individual differences, such as the ways in which we cope (talking to people vs. using substances), may predict burnout levels. What the paper adds to existing knowledge: Prevalence findings add to the recent evidence base, which also found moderate levels of burnout. However, this study is the first to find high levels of secondary traumatic stress in FHCPs.Similar to existing literature, the study's findings suggest that FHCP's with lower levels of psychological flexibility and more maladaptive coping strategies may experience greater STS and burnout symptoms, while staff who use more adaptive coping strategies may experience less burn‐out.Unexpectedly, staff who reported a more anxious attachment style were burnt‐out; however, there are limitations to this finding. What are the implications for practice: Policies and practices in forensic settings should reflect the risk of STS and burnout.Practices or interventions should enhance adaptive coping strategies and psychological flexibility, such as Resilience Enhancement Programmes or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Introduction: Secondary traumatic stress (STS) and burnout literature in inpatient forensic health care professionals (FHCPs) is limited, despite the psychological, physiological and organisational consequences. Aims: This study aimed to further this limited evidence base, investigating predictors of STS and burnout in FHCPs. Method: 98 healthcare professionals working in two UK forensic inpatient settings completed measures assessing: burnout, STS, psychological flexibility, coping style, attachment style and a demographic questionnaire recording length of service and the sex of staff. Results: Results indicated high STS and moderate burnout levels. The main predictors of STS and burnout were poorer psychological flexibility and greater maladaptive coping styles, whereas lower burnout was predicted by greater adaptive coping styles and an anxious attachment style. Discussion: This study has contributed towards a limited evidence base and indicates poorer psychological flexibility and greater maladaptive coping may be risk factors for STS and burnout in FHCPs, whereas greater maladaptive coping may be a protective factor. Implication for Practice: The findings suggest that interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and coping skills interventions, may offer protective benefits to inpatient forensic healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis aimed to confirm and clarify the relationships between attachment style and various workplace correlates, including job performance, burnout, personality, and job satisfaction (K = 109 independent samples, N = 32,278 participants). Results provided the strongest support for the relationships between attachment style and the Big Five personality traits, burnout, and job performance. Anxious attachment was also related to a host of other correlates, including job stress, turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and work engagement. Additionally, dominance analysis was used and found that attachment style had incremental validity beyond the Big Five in the prediction of job performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and leader-member exchange. Finally, we examined meta-analytic path models in which attachment style impacted job performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions, and leader-member exchange through trust in supervisor. This indirect effect was supported for all correlates and for both anxious and avoidant attachment. Overall, the results supported the use of attachment styles as an important correlate with organizational variables. Limitations, implications, and areas for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Counseling interventions can help facilitate feelings of life satisfaction in clients seeking support. Two studies examined the system of social psychological factors associated with life satisfaction in the United Kingdom (UK). In Study 1, cross-sectional survey data from 544 heterosexual and LGB people were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. Being in a relationship, self-esteem and continuity were positively associated with life satisfaction. In Study 2, cross-sectional survey data from 202 heterosexual and gay men, also analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression, showed that relationship satisfaction and self-esteem were positively associated with life satisfaction. In both studies, there were no differences by sexual orientation or gender, and self-esteem was the strongest predictor of life satisfaction. Counseling interventions that focus on building a stronger sense of identity resilience (self-esteem and continuity) and, for partnered individuals, relationship satisfaction, may enhance life satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the attachment styles and life satisfaction of adolescents (12–18 years old) with and without smoking, alcohol, and substance use. Method: With the questionnaire applied on the digital platform and 225 adolescents between the ages of 12–18 were reached. The data were collected using a questionnaire, attachment style scale, and life satisfaction scale. The analyzes of the research were performed using the SPSS 25 program. Findings: The rate of young people who stated that they have smoked, or used alcohol and drugs was 40%. Of the adolescents, 35.6% used cigarettes, 0.4% used substances, and 6% used alcohol. Attachment styles and life satisfaction scale mean scores were lower in smoking, alcohol, and substance-using youth than in those who did not use these. It was observed that the average avoidant and anxious context styles scores of adolescents with smoking, alcohol and substance use were higher. Conclusions: It is important to take initiatives to support adolescents with problematic attachment styles and to protect their health [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Management & Business Research (2521-4306) is the property of Chinese Management Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Anatolian Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Uluslararasi Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Suicide is a leading cause of death globally and a serious public health concern. Childhood trauma has been found to be associated with adult suicide vulnerability. Recent research has turned attention to investigating the role of attachment in the context of the childhood trauma-adult suicide relationship. The current study investigated for the first time whether attachment influences and moderates the childhood trauma-suicidality relationship, using a daily diary design, in the general population. 481 participants completed questionnaires assessing experiences of childhood trauma, attachment patterns, and history of suicidality. 243 participants continued to a daily diary phase where measures of daily stress, defeat and entrapment were completed for 7 consecutive days. Higher levels of childhood trauma were associated with a history of suicide ideation and attempt and also higher levels of daily defeat, entrapment and stress during the 7 day study. Similarly, higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with a history of suicide ideation and attempt together with higher levels of daily defeat, entrapment and stress. However, the effects of childhood trauma on suicide history and on daily suicide vulnerability factors were not moderated by attachment anxiety or avoidance. The measure of childhood trauma was a retrospective self-report tool that may be influenced by memory biases. Childhood trauma and insecure attachment are implicated in adult suicide risk. Interventions aimed at mitigating the negative effects of childhood trauma and insecure attachment should also incorporate components that target modifiable risk factors such as defeat, entrapment and stress. • Childhood trauma and insecure attachment are implicated in suicide risk. • Childhood trauma is associated with higher daily defeat, entrapment and stress. • Insecure attachment is associated with higher daily defeat, entrapment and stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, habits related to smoking have been changing. An increasing portion of light/occasional smokers tend to define themselves as non-smokers, leading to an incorrect perception of the risks that smoking even a few cigarettes can entail. In this study, we investigated the nicotine-induced cognitive distortion in young, higher-education students with low/moderate dependence (as indexed by the Fagerstrom questionnaire). The study involved 111 participants (62 female; mean age 24.43 ± 3.77) divided into smokers and non-smokers, who responded to specific questionnaires to evaluate their attachment style, emotion dysregulation, and state anxiety. Their response to smoking-related cues following emotional stimulation was experimentally evaluated, with participants being made to choose between care- or smoking-related images, following the presentation of threatening or neutral stimuli. The results show a cognitive bias in smokers, with participants choosing smoking-related stimuli significantly more often than non-smokers, with a slower reaction time, regardless of emotional cues. Emotion dysregulation and attachment style were also significantly correlated with response choice but not with response latency. Overall, our data indicate that there is no such thing as light use of nicotine and that smoking, even if not continuous, determines cognitive biases that lead to a vision of the environment as a function of substance seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From an attachment-theoretical perspective, one would expect insecure attachment styles to have a negative impact on leader–follower relationships. However, a recent review of the literature on attachment style and leader–member exchange (LMX) yielded mixed results. Examining this discrepancy, we applied the principle of attachment-system activation, proposing that when insecurely attached leaders or followers experience more distress at work, attachment style will be a stronger predictor of LMX. Data were gathered from 192 independent leader–follower dyads and analyzed using the actor–partner interdependence model. Like in other studies, investigating the direct link between attachment style and LMX yielded mixed results. However, the link between anxious style and LMX did get stronger when including attachment-system activation in our model, highlighting the relevance of applying key principles from the original theory when studying leadership through the lens of attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Resources & Ecology is the property of Journal of Resources & Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: It seems that the fear of missing out on meaningful relationships, especially in romantic relationships, is rooted in attachment styles, and this leads to self-sufficiency in women. Therefore, the study of the antecedents affecting women's self-silence can lead to some psychological problems in them. Aims: The purpose of this study was to design and test the structural pattern of self-silence in married women based on attachment style, emotional expression, and loneliness with the mediation of self-compassion. Methods: The research method was fundamental research and descriptive and correlational research (structural equation modeling analysis). The statistical population was married women referred to psychological and counseling services centers in Tehran in 2023. The research sample was 400 married women referred to psychological and counseling services centers in Tehran in 2023, who were selected by random sampling. Data were collected using a self-silencing scale (Jack, & Dill, 1992), Adult Attachment Style Inventory (Hazan, & Shaver, 1987), Emotional Expression Questionnaire (King, & Emmons, 1990), Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (DiTommaso et al, 2004), and Self-compassion Questionnaire (Neff, 2003). To analyze the data AMOS software was used. Results: The results of the data analysis showed that emotional expression has a positive and significant effect on self-compassion and a negative and significant effect on self-silence (P< 0.05). The direct effect of emotional loneliness on self-compassion was negative and significant, and on self-silence was positive and significant (P< 0.05). The direct positive effect of secure attachment styles on self-compassion was positive and significant, and on self-silence was negative and significant (P< 0.05). Also, the direct effect of avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles on self-compassion was negative and self-silence was positive and significant. Also, emotional expression, emotional loneliness, and attachment styles through self-compassion had an indirect effect on self-silence. Conclusion: According to the results, it is possible to moderate an important part of loneliness and emotional self-assertion in married women by teaching self-compassion skills. Therefore, it is possible to benefit from teaching self-compassion skills to silence women in counseling and psychotherapy clinics.

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: The insecure attachment styles are associated with mental health problems and can influence reality perception, particularly in individuals with schizophrenia. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: The paper provides empirical evidence for the correlation between insecure attachment styles and reality‐testing impairment in clients with schizophrenia.Higher reality testing impairment scores were observed in specific demographics: males who were unmarried and aged between 40 and 50 years old, as well as those with a duration of illness of less than 5 years. What are the implications for practice?: The findings underscore the importance for nurses to understand insecure attachment styles, particularly anxious and avoidant styles, in clients with schizophrenia.Healthcare providers and nurses should understand the psychological dynamics of clients with insecure attachment styles to establish effective therapeutic relationships.A secure, structured and consistent environment is vital to modifying insecure attachment styles and promoting reality orientation.Secure Attachment Style Psycho‐Educational Program, Mentalization, Cognitive Interpersonal Therapy, and Cognitive Analytic Therapy can help reduce reality‐testing impairment.Imply early intervention through educating mothers on fostering secure bonds can potentially prevent future occurrences of schizophrenia. What are the implications for future research?: Conducting empirical studies to explore the associations between insecure attachment style, social functioning, and poor service engagement is essential.Research is needed to investigate specific techniques for managing insecure attachment styles, particularly the avoidant ones, and reality testing impairments within the therapeutic setting. Introduction: Insecure attachment styles are associated with mental health problems and may influence reality perception. Aim: This study investigated the link between attachment styles and reality‐testing impairment in individuals with schizophrenia. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey with 200 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia assessed their attachment styles (Psychosis Attachment Measure) and reality‐testing abilities (Bell Reality Testing Inventory). Results: A significant positive correlation emerged between insecure attachment and poorer reality testing (r =.394, p <.001). Avoidant attachment was most prevalent (mean scores: 17.01, SD = 3.71), followed by anxious attachment (16.53, SD = 4.20). Reality‐testing impairment manifested across all three domains: uncertainty of perception (7.16, SD = 2.45), reality distortion (3.52, SD = 1.21), and hallucinations/delusions (26.63, SD = 5.83). Interestingly, specific demographics (male, unmarried, 40–50 years old) and those with a duration of illness of less than 5 years had higher mean scores (27.35, SD = 5.61). Discussion: Insecure attachment styles, notably anxious and avoidant, are dominant among clients with schizophrenia, who also struggle with reality distortion, perceptual uncertainty, and hallucinations/delusions in all three domains. Implication for Practice: Healthcare providers and nurses should understand the psychological dynamics of clients with insecure attachment styles to establish effective therapeutic relationships. A secure, structured, and consistent environment is vital to modifying insecure attachment styles and promoting reality orientation. Secure Attachment Style Oriented Psycho‐Educational Program, Mentalization, Cognitive Interpersonal Therapy, and Cognitive Analytic Therapy can help reduce reality‐testing impairment. Fostering Maternal and Child Health (MCH) centers on empathizing secure bonds between mothers (and mothers‐to‐be) and their children to promote healthy attachment styles as a preventive measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study sought to examine attachment styles as mediators between intimate partner violence (IPV) and stress coping styles among Iranian women. Data were collected from September to December 2020. The study population was composed of 102 women who were referred to Social Emergency Centers in Isfahan and affected by domestic violence. They were given self-report questionnaires to measure IPV (the Haj-Yahia Violence Questionnaire), Stress Coping Styles (CISS), and Attachment Styles (AAQ). Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Sexual IPV victimization was related to both avoidant attachment (β =.229, p =.015) and anxious attachment (β =.245, p =.008). Anxious attachment style was related to emotion-oriented coping (β =.437, p =.000). There was a negative relationship between avoidant attachment and anxious attachment (β = −.237, p =.032) with avoidance-oriented coping. Sexual IPV victimization and economic IPV victimization were associated with avoidance-oriented coping (β = −.225, t = 0.816, p =.015; β =.188, t = 0.816, p =.044). Women who had experienced IPV and had an insecure attachment style were more likely to utilize avoidance and emotional coping strategies. For women who had a secure attachment style, there was no association was found between IPV victimization and coping styles. Attachment styles may influence the relationship between IPV and coping strategies in Iranian women who have experienced violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose The primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment styles as intermediaries in the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and parenting styles among Iranian women. Methods Data for this study was collected between September and December 2020. The participants consisted of 102 women who had been referred to Social Emergency Centers in Isfahan due to their experiences with domestic violence. Participants filled out the Haj-Yahia Violence Questionnaire, Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (BPSQ), and the Attachment Styles Questionnaire (AAQ). To examine the hypothesized relationships, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. Results Economic IPV victimization was negatively related to secure attachment (β = − 0.309, p = 0.019) and positively related with authoritative parenting (β = 0.422, p = 0.019) and avoidant attachment style (β = 0.563, p = 0.000). There was a significant, positive relationship between sexual IPV victimization with secure and avoidant attachment styles (β = 0.351, p = 0.011; β = 0.407, p = 0.000). Authoritative parenting style was related to avoidant attachment (β = − 0.524, p = 0.015) and secure attachment (β = 0.371, p = 0.000). Conclusions Iranian IPV victims with secure attachment style were more likely to utilize authoritative parenting and those who have avoidant attachment were less likely to use authoritative parenting. Attachment styles may influence the relationship between IPV and parenting styles in Iranian women who have experienced IPV.

Labor children, as one of the most vulnerable social classes who have been forced to take to thestreets due to their living and family conditions, are exposed to many physical and mental harm, according to many studies. The aim of this study was to compare attachment styles, psychological hardiness and Subjective Vitalityof labor children and normal children in Shiraz. The research design was causal-comparative. Using convenience sampling method, 48 children aged 7 to 17 years (24 working children and 24 normal children) were selected. The instruments of this study included Hazan& Shaver Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Hazan& Shaver, 1987), Ahvaz Hardiness Questionnaire (Kiamarsi, Najarian, & Mehrabizadeh Honarmand, 1998) and Ryan and Frederick Subjective Vitality Questionnaire (Ryan and Frederick, 1997). After completing the questionnaires, the data was analyzed using Spss software, t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the attachment styles of the two groups (P

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment styles as intermediaries in the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and parenting styles among Iranian women. Methods: Data for this study was collected between September and December 2020. The participants consisted of 102 women who had been referred to Social Emergency Centers in Isfahan due to their experiences with domestic violence. Participants filled out the Haj-Yahia Violence Questionnaire, Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (BPSQ), and the Attachment Styles Questionnaire (AAQ). To examine the hypothesized relationships, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used. Results: Economic IPV victimization was negatively related to secure attachment (β = − 0.309, p = 0.019) and positively related with authoritative parenting (β = 0.422, p = 0.019) and avoidant attachment style (β = 0.563, p = 0.000). There was a significant, positive relationship between sexual IPV victimization with secure and avoidant attachment styles (β = 0.351, p = 0.011; β = 0.407, p = 0.000). Authoritative parenting style was related to avoidant attachment (β = − 0.524, p = 0.015) and secure attachment (β = 0.371, p = 0.000). Conclusions: Iranian IPV victims with secure attachment style were more likely to utilize authoritative parenting and those who have avoidant attachment were less likely to use authoritative parenting. Attachment styles may influence the relationship between IPV and parenting styles in Iranian women who have experienced IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examined whether insecurely attached individuals exhibit an attention bias to emotional information, and further tested the potential moderating role of stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, and attention stage. Background: Attachment style can predict people's attention to emotional information. However, the empirical findings are inconsistent, making it difficult to determine the associations between attachment style and attention bias to emotional information. Method: We included 68 studies (N = 5417) across 46 published and unpublished articles (the initial pool was 627 articles) in the meta‐analysis. Results: People high on attachment avoidance exhibited decreased attention toward emotional stimuli (d = −0.129, p = 0.020), which was not affected by stress, information valence, information attachment relevance, or attention stage. Conversely, people high on attachment anxiety exhibited increased attention toward emotional stimuli, especially under stress, if the information was attachment‐related, and during late‐stage attentional processing. They exhibited an early bias away from and a late bias toward emotional information, which was intensified under stress. Conclusion: Our findings support the proposition that people high on attachment avoidance use deactivating strategies in attentional processing; whereas people high on attachment anxiety use hyperactivating strategies, especially when resources are limited (under stress). When resources are available, and it is relatively early in the process, people high on attachment anxiety respond similarly to those high on attachment avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Touch is a key channel for conveying meaning in social interactions. The affective quality of touch and its effects on well‐being are shaped by relational context (relationship between touch giver vs. recipient) and person variables (e.g. adult attachment style). Yet, such effects have not been explored in relation to the meaning ascribed to touch. We used data from the Touch Test, the world's largest touch survey, which included questions on the degree to which people felt and related specific emotions and intentions to imagined gentle stroking touch and hugs. In N = 23,428, we examined how relational context (imagined source of touch) and person variables (gender, recalled positive childhood touch and adult attachment style) were associated with positive (e.g. love, desire, support) and negative (e.g. fear, anger, warning) emotions and intentions related to imagined touch. Love, desire and support were endorsed more when participants had had their partner (vs. someone else) in mind, and women (vs. men) gave lower ratings for desire overall. Gentle stroking touch was most linked with arousal when participants had had their partner in mind. Further, more positive childhood touch and secure and anxious attachment scores were associated with more positive emotions and intentions, while the opposite was found for avoidant attachment scores. Lastly, positive childhood touch and higher anxious attachment scores were related to greater discrimination between distinct emotion and intention categories, while higher attachment avoidance was associated with reduced discriminability. Thus, contextual and person variables matter in shaping the meaning of social touch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a growing literature, experiments directly related to attachment are still needed. We explored brain processes involved in two aspects of attachment, distress and comfort. Seventy-eight healthy adult males with different attachment styles (secure, avoidant, and anxious) viewed distress, comfort, complicity-joy and neutral images (picture database BAPS-Adult) in an fMRI block design. ROIs from the modules described in the functional Neuro-Anatomical Model of Attachment (Long et al. 2020) were studied. Secure participants used more co- and self-regulation strategies and exhibited a higher activation of the reward network in distress and comfort viewing, than insecure participants. Avoidant participants showed the lower brain activations. Their approach and reward modules were the least activated in distress and comfort. Anxious participants presented both higher activations of the approach and aversion modules during complicity-joy. In addition, comfort and complicity-joy were processed differently according to attachment styles and should be differentiated among positive stimuli to disentangle attachment processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Main emphasis of this research is to illuminate the intertwined cycles of neglect/abuse and violence that women experience throughout their lives and to identify potential strategies for social work interventions in this context. At this point, the study explains that violence can perpetuate itself in a cyclical manner from childhood and that this has effects on future partner relationships and partner characteristics in the case of Turkiye. The study also examines women's self-assessed characteristics of their partners. The study was conducted within the scope of cross-sectional descriptive model and 260 women participated in the study. The participants were mostly exposed to emotional neglect during childhood. The attachment style of most of the participants was anxious ambivalent. In addition, they also experienced emotional violence from their spouses the most. The spouses of the participants were directive. There is a significant relationship between childhood trauma and exposure to violence. Adverse childhood experiences have an effect on the participants' attachment style, partner characteristics and exposure to violence. In order for women to have safe and nonviolent partner relationships in adulthood, it is recommended that the quality and quantity of studies focusing on the family in childhood and the prevention of neglect/abuse be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment style and emotion dysregulation in Kurdish individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) in Eastern Turkey, a non-Western, Islamic society, in a descriptive cross-sectional design. This study was conducted with 216 individuals with SUDs who were treated at the SBU Van Training and Research Hospital Alcohol and Substance Addiction Treatment Center in Eastern Turkey between April 2023 and June 2023. Almost half of the participants (44.5%, n = 96) were between 18 and 30 years old and almost all were men (96.3%, n = 208). The most commonly used substances were heroin (46.3%, n = 100), marijuana (28.7%, n = 62) and synthetic cannabinoids (7.9%, n = 12). The results showed that higher levels of emotion dysregulation were associated with increased avoidant attachment and anxious attachment style. The study found that anxious and avoidant attachment styles were a significant predictor of emotion dysregulation. These findings suggest that attachment styles may play an important role in emotion dysregulation in Kurdish individuals with SUDs. Future research should investigate whether interventions targeting attachment-based interventions could be effective in reducing emotion dysregulation in Kurdish individuals with SUDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disruption of the parent–child attachment bond due to parental death (PD) may lead to lingering feelings of unsafety or insecurity that might potentially transfer to adult intimate relationships. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether experiencing childhood parental death (CPD) was associated with adult romantic relationship formation and stability, attachment style, and relationship satisfaction, and whether this is dependent on (in)secure parental bonding. In this cross‐sectional study, relationship indicators were assessed using self‐report questionnaires in adults (25–45 years old) who experienced PD during childhood (n = 236), in adulthood (n = 301), and who did not experience PD (n = 278). Experiencing CPD was not associated with relationship formation, relationship stability indicators, and relationship satisfaction. However, individuals who experienced CPD reported higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance within their current romantic relationship compared to individuals who did not experience (childhood) PD. Furthermore, insecure bonding with the deceased parent was associated with higher levels of attachment anxiety, while this was not the case for the quality of bonding with the surviving parent or new partner of the surviving parent. These findings on the association between CPD and adult attachment insecurity provide new insight in how attachment insecurity to the deceased parent may be related to attachment insecurity in adult relationships, which is important to discuss when working with individuals who experienced CPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mother–child memory conversations are a nuanced and important factor in children's memory development. The current study focuses on maternal characteristics that are related to individual differences in maternal elaborative style. It also examines the role of maternal elaborative style in children's elaborativeness in the context of reminiscing and recounting. Two hundred and nine Turkish mothers (Mage= 36.32, SD = 4.99) and their 5- to 6-year-olds (Mage in months = 66.88, SD = 4.04) (110 girls, 99 boys) participated in the current study. Results revealed that maternal individuation and balanced self-construal type predicted maternal elaborativeness, which in turn predicted child elaborativeness in reminiscing and recounting. Yet, such a relation was not observed for maternal attachment styles or sensitivity. Findings suggested the importance of maternal individuation and balanced self-construal for mothers' and children's elaborativeness in memory conversations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite recent studies establishing self-compassion and secure attachment to be vital protective factors against suicidality, the role of attachment as a psychological mechanism that may mediate the relationship between self-compassion and suicidality has not been investigated to date. This study aims to address this gap by investigating whether attachment styles, specifically avoidant attachment, mediate the link between self-compassion and suicidality in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). 273 adult patients with MDD completed the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECRS), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) along with sociodemographic and clinical questions. Statistical analyses included correlation analysis and Mann-Whitney U tests to examine the relationships and possible differences between the non-suicidal group and the suicidal group of patients in terms of attachment style, self-compassion, and self-destructive behaviors. A mediation analysis to assess the role of attachment avoidance in the relationship between self-compassion and suicidality was also conducted. Both attachment anxiety and avoidance were positively associated with suicidality and depression and negatively with self-compassion. The patients with increased suicidality differed significantly in the levels of depression, self-compassion, and attachment compared to those who were non-suicidal. The protective mechanism of self-compassion against suicidality was mediated by attachment avoidance. Research findings highlight the need for considering attachment-related issues to understand suicidality and tailor interventions in the field of suicide prevention and treatment while they gauge treatment priorities in working with depressed patients with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is a major public health concern; therefore, numerous factors have been investigated for their role in increasing suicide risk. Distal factors, such as attachment style, and proximal factors, like unmet interpersonal needs, interact with each other and may influence suicidal ideation. Understanding this interplay is crucial for developing effective interventions for suicide prevention. The present study aimed to investigate the association between attachment and interpersonal needs in suicidal ideation. For this study, we administered the Attachment Style Questionnaire and the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire-15, and suicide risk was assessed using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. We collected data from 181 psychiatric inpatients at the Sant’Andrea Hospital in Rome. The results indicated that suicidal ideation was negatively and significantly associated with ASQ Confidence and positively associated with ASQ’s Need for Approval and Discomfort with Closeness and INQ’s perceived burdensomeness. The mediation model showed that perceived burdensomeness mediated the relationship between secure attachment style and suicidal ideation. The results have also shown significant associations among suicidal ideation, some attachment styles, and interpersonal needs. Secure attachment showed a potential protective role in suicidal ideation through lower levels of perceived burdensomeness, highlighting the importance of a careful evaluation of the patient’s individual experiences and characteristics that can guide the adaptation of therapeutic goals and strategies. Interventions that promote functional interpersonal beliefs, as well as interventions oriented to limit the negative effects of disruptive models of attachment, may contribute to reconstructing trust towards others, reducing perceived burden, and preventing suicide risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim: A growing body of evidence has shown that attachment styles and death attitudes have a significant impact on empathy. This study aimed to explore the precise role of death attitudes in the relationship between attachment styles and empathy levels among trainee nurses. Methods: A total of 626 Chinese trainee nurses with different attachment types were enrolled, and their attachment styles, death attitudes, and empathy levels were assessed using the Revised Adult Attachment Scale, the Death Attitude Profile-Revised, and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Healthy Professionals, and finally, data from 566 participants were included for statistical analysis. Results: We found that among trainee nurses with secure attachment type, fear of death, approach acceptance, escape acceptance, and neutral acceptance (-) mediated the relationships between attachment-related avoidance/anxiety and their overall empathy levels and all its dimensions; in the preoccupied type, only neutral acceptance (-) mediated the relationships between attachment-related avoidance and their overall empathy levels and compassionate care; and in the fearful type, only fear of death mediated the relationship between attachment- related avoidance and compassionate care. Furthermore, in the secure type, neutral acceptance attenuated the negative predictions of attachment-related avoidance on overall empathy level and perspective taking. Conclusion: Attitudes toward death played different mediating and moderating roles in the relationship between attachment styles and empathy among trainee nurses with different attachment types. In addition to acculturated empathy-specific training, targeted education related to death for trainee nurses with different attachment types is needed to prevent their compassion fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children facing challenges such as social deficiencies during childhood may struggle in social interactions and unhealthy emotional relationships, thus increasing their vulnerability to sexual addiction. The relationship between childhood traumas and sexual addiction is influenced by various factors such as social support, mental framing, and attachment styles, highlighting the importance of thoroughly examining the impact of each of these factors on this relationship. Strong scientific evidence can guide decision-makers in implementing effective measures and policies to prevent childhood traumas and sexual addiction. Aims: The present study aimed to model the structural equations of the relationship between childhood traumas and sexual addiction, with the mediating role of perceived social support, mental framing, and attachment styles. Methods: The current research employed a descriptive correlational approach and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all virtual students in Tehran universities during the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size was determined to be 322 individuals based on the Klein formula (2011), considering the possibility of dropouts, with 370 individuals ultimately included. Data collection utilized the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein et al., 2003), Sexual Addiction Screening Test (Carnes, 1988), and Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Collins & Read, 1990). The gathered data were analyzed using path analysis in LISREL and SPSS software. Results: The research findings indicate significant correlations, confirming the hypothesized correlation between variables for developing the structural equation model (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The relationship between childhood traumas and sexual addiction is influenced by various factors, including social support, mental framing, and attachment styles, underscoring the critical importance of thoroughly investigating the impact of each of these factors on this relationship. Strong scientific evidence can guide decision-makers in implementing effective measures and policies to prevent childhood traumas and sexual addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fundamental principle of attachment theory is that threatening situations give rise to individual differences in the extent to which people seek proximity to close others. The current research examines the way in which attachment styles predict individual differences in attachment-relevant behavior during threatening events. We tested alternative theoretical perspectives concerning the association between adult attachment (specifically, attachment avoidance) and attachment behavior in the presence of natural clues to danger by observing couples (N = 204) when they were watching horror vs. control film excerpts. Results suggest that highly avoidant people engaged in less attachment behavior across both threatening and non-threatening situations. These findings have implications for the understanding of attachment-related processes and how working models of the self and others facilitate (or inhibit) the expression of attachment behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a deeply personal and often debilitating experience, causing talented musicians to dread the very stages upon which they showcase their art. An increasing number of studies have addressed this anxiety phenomenon, however, definitions vary and the underlying causes remain unclear. According to the DSM-5, MPA is categorized as a specific subtype of social anxiety disorder, with a shared understanding that its development is shaped by predisposing vulnerabilities as well as external stressors and circumstances. This mini-review provides an overview of relevant literature on the multi-dimensional causes of MPA, with a particular focus on early life experiences and personality traits. It aims to address three key challenges in the field by emphasizing the importance of an enhanced investigation of formative life events, recognizing the (potentially) mediating effects of personalities, and highlighting the necessity to explore protective factors. Investigating early life experiences and personality traits in the context of MPA can deepen our understanding of its origin and development, offering valuable perspectives to tailor interventions, prevent the escalation of anxiety, and foster supportive environments conducive to the well-being and professional growth of musicians.

Despite recent studies establishing self-compassion and secure attachment to be vital protective factors against suicidality, the role of attachment as a psychological mechanism that may mediate the relationship between self-compassion and suicidality has not been investigated to date. This study aims to address this gap by investigating whether attachment styles, specifically avoidant attachment, mediate the link between self-compassion and suicidality in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). 273 adult patients with MDD completed the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECRS), and the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) along with sociodemographic and clinical questions. Statistical analyses included correlation analysis and Mann- Whitney U tests to examine the relationships and possible differences between the non-suicidal group and the suicidal group of patients in terms of attachment style, self-compassion, and self-destructive behaviors. A mediation analysis to assess the role of attachment avoidance in the relationship between selfcompassion and suicidality was also conducted. Both attachment anxiety and avoidance were positively associated with suicidality and depression and negatively with self-compassion. The patients with increased suicidality differed significantly in the levels of depression, self-compassion, and attachment compared to those who were non-suicidal. The protective mechanism of self-compassion against suicidality was mediated by attachment avoidance. Research findings highlight the need for considering attachment-related issues to understand suicidality and tailor interventions in the field of suicide prevention and treatment while they gauge treatment priorities in working with depressed patients with suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Objective: This study investigates the psychological factors influencing somatic symptoms following the end of a romantic relationship. We hypothesize that affective temperaments may predict attachment styles and depressive rumination components in individuals who have experienced abandonment. Furthermore, we postulate that gender differences exist in the variables under investigation. Methods: The administered tests included: Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Questionnaire (TEMPS-A), Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and Ruminative Response Scale (RRS). The differences between the groups were assessed using Student's t-test for independent samples. In addition, regression analysis, in which the RRS (Brooding, Reflection and Depression) and ASQ (Confidence, Discomfort with Closeness, Need for Approval, Preoccupation with Relationships, and Relationships as Secondary) variables were considered dependent variables and all the TEMPS-A factors were included in the equation. Results: Subjects at the end of a love affair presented the following psychosomatic symptoms: difficulty breathing, chest pain, feeling faint, sweating, dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, air hunger, difficulty sleeping, and swollen legs and ankles. The Anxious and Hyperthymic temperaments were negative predictors of the ruminative depressive dimension, and of “Confidence” and “Discomfort with Closeness” in the ASQ. The Cyclothymic and Anxious temperaments were predictors of “Discomfort with Closeness”, “Need for Approval”, “Preoccupation with Relationships”, and “Relationships as Secondary”. Conclusion: Affective temperaments play a crucial role in determining how an individual deals abandonment in a romantic relationship, significantly influencing attachment styles and the tendency towards depressive rumination.

Background: Effective and appropriate care and treatment for children in order to decrease the psychosocial problems that arose after experiencing child abuse and neglect (CAN) is of vital importance, given the severity of symptomatology that may develop.Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine whether attachment style and core cluster Posttraumatic Stress Disorder symptoms acted as moderators for treatment outcomes of a new integrative treatment model for trauma and attachment. In this treatment model, family therapy is combined with EMDR and obstacles for trauma processing are tackled first.Method: we included children, ages 6–12 years, with a history of CAN, who did not respond to evidence-based trauma treatment. Target treatment outcomes were problems in attachment, posttraumatic stress symptoms, behaviour, and emotion regulation. We conducted a multiple-baseline ABC Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED). We categorized 12 participants into four groups of attachment style and core cluster PTSD symptoms: (1) non-disorganized & re-experiencing; (2) non-disorganized & avoidance/hyperarousal; (3) disorganized & re-experiencing; & (4) disorganized & avoidance/hyperarousal. We compared the four groups with each other and across time, and the interaction between groups and effect over time. We conducted non-parametric permutation tests and estimated q-values for false discovery rate control.Results: Children with a disorganized attachment style had more severe symptomatology in general, except for posttraumatic stress symptoms. The treatment appeared more effective in targeting and successfully treating children with a non-disorganized attachment style, and specifically children with a non-disorganized attachment style and re-experiencing as core cluster PTSD symptoms.Conclusion: Our study underlines the complexity of treating children who developed a complicated combination of symptomatology after CAN and calls for the continuous development of innovative interventions.

Background: Women play a key role in the social and psychological well-being of societies, and yoga is one of the recognized training methods for improving women’s psychological abilities. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between attachment style, cognitive flexibility, and mentalization with the social well-being of yoginis, female yogis.Method: This was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population consists of all female yogis who participated in yoga classes in Tehran, Iran in 2023. The convenience sampling technique was used to select a group of 120 women practicing yoga, aged 30 to 50, who had been practicing yoga regularly for a minimum of five years. The study variables were measured using the Social Well-Being Questionnaire (SWQ), Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI), and Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS). The correlation between the study variables was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis through SPSS version 24.Results: The outcomes of the multiple regression analysis indicated that avoidant attachment style (β=-0.214, P=0.029), anxious attachment style (β=0.341, P=7.731×10-4), and confidence dimension (β=0.259, P=0.004) were able to predict social well-being significantly. The most substantial contributions to social well-being came from anxious attachment style (β=0.341) and confidence dimension (β=0.259). However, secure attachment (P=0.109), cognitive flexibility (P=0.434), and uncertainty dimension (P=0.150) showed no significant associations with social well-being. The model’s coefficient of determination was 0.239, indicating that the predictor variables accounted for 23.9% of the variation in social well-being.Conclusion: Given the strong connection between attachment and mentalization, the impact of an individual’s attachment style on social interactions is highlighted. Our results can lead researchers to gain a more profound insight into topics related to health and its components.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy matrix training on the communication patterns of married women with an avoidance and anxiety attachment personality style. The investigation included all female students at the University of Bojnourd from 2019 to 2020. The study included 40 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and two control groups. The subjects completed Christensen and Sullaway'’s Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) both before and after the intervention. Multivariate analysis of variance was implemented to analyze the data. The results suggested that the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix had an impact on communication patterns by increasing constructive communication patterns (P0.05). According to the research findings, the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix can be implemented to enhance the communication patterns of married women.

Background: In case of inadequacy and inadequacy of parents, issues and problems occur, including child abuse by them or the people around them; Child abuse is one of the big social problems that includes all societies, both advanced and developing, so that the health and comfort of the injured child is endangered. Aims: The purpose of this article is to determine the fit of the prediction model of dark personality traits based on childhood traumas with the mediating role of self-regulation, mentalization and attachment styles. Methods: The current research was of correlational type and according to the objectives, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was also used, based on Klein's formula, 147,400 people were considered. Also, separately from the questionnaires of dark personality traits (Johnson and Webster, 2010), self-regulation by Miller and Brown (1999), adult attachment style of Collins and Reed, (1990), mentalization or reflective performance by Fonagy et al. (2016), trauma Childhood Questionnaire (CTQ) was used by Bernstein, Stein, Newkamp, Walker, Pugh, et al. (2003) to adjust the model. In this research, descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis and inferential statistics of correlation, regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of the research show that the direct path of childhood trauma to dark personality traits was not significant, but all the indirect paths were significant, which indicated the confirmation of the mediation of the three variables of self-regulation, mentalization and attachment style (p

Research has extensively studied adult attachment theory, a fundamental psychological framework, particularly regarding its implications for adult attachment and sexual dynamics. The previous literature has established relationships between adult attachment and various sexual behaviours as well as communication patterns. Specifically, individuals with secure attachment styles typically engage in open communication and cautious sexual behaviours, whereas individuals with anxious or avoidant attachment styles exhibit less sexual communication and engage in riskier sexual activities. That said, limited research has explored the relationship between adult attachment style and perceived knowledge regarding partner sex history. This study aimed to fill this gap by investigating how adult attachment style relates to perceived knowledge about partner sexual experiences. A sample of 237 undergraduate students completed surveys assessing attachment style and their perceived awareness of their partner’s sexual past. Attachment style was evaluated using the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) and perceived knowledge was measured using the Partner Sexual History Scale (PSHS). The results indicated a significant correlation between adult attachment style and perceived knowledge of a partner’s sexual history. Specifically, individuals with secure and avoidant attachment styles demonstrated greater perceived awareness of their partner’s sexual experiences compared to those with an anxious attachment style. This research contributes to our comprehension of the complex interplay among adult attachment, sexual knowledge, sexual communication, and relationship dynamics in young adult populations.

The definition of attachment is characterized as the emotional bond established between the baby and the caregiver. It is known that this bond, which can be described as emotional, is associated with consistency and continuity. Attachment styles help understand the ways individuals establish, maintain, and connect with other people during adolescence, adulthood, and old age. The attachment styles that the baby establishes with the caregiver in the early period of life affect adulthood and adolescence, the schema formation of interpersonal relationships in these periods, and the qualities of the relationships to be established. On the other hand, the influence of Turkish makams on people's emotions has a place in many different areas (confidence, strength, courage, and sadness). At this point, it is thought that individuals' attachment styles may have a match with their music preferences. With this connection, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between university students' attachment styles and Turkish makam preferences. Preferences for three of the Turkish makams (Isfahân, Kûçek, and Sabâ) are the subject of the research. For this purpose, the "Three-Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale" was applied to 384 university students after the makam recitals. The results of the analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between attachment styles and Turkish makams (Isfahân, Kûçek, and Sabâ) preferences. In addition, Turkish makam preferences do not show any significant differences according to sex, age group, and attachment style. This research is a pioneering study investigating the relationship between Turkish makams and attachment styles. It is intended to serve as a resource for future studies.

Abstract Background Aggressive behaviour in romantic relationship is a social problem of great concern. Studies related to the influence of psychosocial factors on relational aggression are still limited. Furthermore, these factors have not been widely studied in the local context, resulting in the issue of relational aggression among young female adults still not being addressed. This study aims to explore whether psychosocial factors such as big five personality traits, adult attachment style and loneliness could predict relational aggression in romantic relationships among young female adults in Malaysia. In addition, this study aims to identify the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between psychosocial factors and relational aggression in romantic relationship. Methods A quantitative research approach was used with 424 young female adults in Malaysia aged between 18 and 30 years old (mean age = 24.18) were recruited through multistage sampling design by completing a questionnaire consisting of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale II (ECRS-II), Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, Measure of Relational Aggression and Victimization (MRAV) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Results Multiple regression analysis predicted significant relationship between agreeableness personality, loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style with relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hierarchical regression analysis found a significant effect of social support as a moderator between loneliness with relational aggression in romantic relationships. Conclusions Thus, the results show that young female adults with low level of agreeableness, high level of loneliness, avoidant attachment style and anxious attachment style are at a higher risk of engaging in relational aggression in romantic relationships. The implication of this study can help in understanding the psychosocial factors that form the basis of relational aggression in romantic relationships. Hence, the gap in knowledge warrants further research.

The aim of this study was to examine the risk factors for sext victimization and perpetration among Croatian and Bosnian-Herzegovinian adolescents. The sample comprised 4215 high school students (including 57.49% girls), aged 14 to 20 years (mean age 16.41). Attitudes toward sexting, self-control, attachment style, parental/school cell control, school cell supervision and sociodemographic data were also examined as factors potentially relating to victimization and/or perpetration of sext dissemination. Of the total sample of 4215 adolescents, nearly one-fifth (19.41%) reported either being victimized through non-consensual sext dissemination or having perpetrated sext dissemination, with boys more likely to be involved in sext dissemination compared to girls. Friends usually disseminated sexts, while the most frequently cited reason for disseminating sext was joking. Logistic regressions showed that perpetration significantly predicted victimization and vice versa. Regression analysis also showed that being male, having stronger parental control over mobile phone use, having positive attitudes toward sexting, having lower levels of self-control, and having insecure attachment increased the risk of being either a victim or perpetrator of sexting. The data suggest that there are common risk factors for both victimization and perpetration of sexts, with one of the most important factors predicting both is a positive attitude toward sexting. Nevertheless, we should not neglect the importance of gender, self-control, or insecure attachment style in predicting different forms of sext dissemination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During times of distress, the attachment system stimulates individuals to seek reassurance through closeness. Previous research suggests that attachment avoidance, but not attachment anxiety, is associated with larger preferred and estimated interpersonal distance. Although several studies exist investigating interpersonal distance during the COVID-19 pandemic, no research to date included the association with attachment style. This experimental study adds to previous research by examining the association between attachment styles and interpersonal distance during a genuine (social) threat, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic, also examining the role of the intimacy level of the relationship with another person and who was in control of the approaching movement. A sample of 168 Dutch participants (aged 18–71 years) completed questionnaires and performed a computerized task to measure interpersonal distance estimations and distancing preferences during the COVID-19 pandemic with its social distancing measures. A computerized adaptation of the distance-closeness paradigm with two conditions (being approached and approaching) was used. Participants were asked to assess 6 scenarios, varying in the level of intimacy of the relationship, both from a current and retrospective pre-pandemic perspective. As expected, attachment avoidance was associated with larger interpersonal distance estimations and preferences. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found no associations for attachment anxiety, even though a real threat was present. Participants preferred greater distances in the being approached condition. Furthermore, preferred distances were larger during the pandemic than they were imagined pre-pandemic. The results of this study further support the previously found associations between attachment avoidance and interpersonal distancing behavior. Regarding attachment anxiety, further research could explore potential conflicting interests between suppressed self-needs for interpersonal closeness and presumed needs of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, older parents who have experienced the death of their only child constitute an extremely understudied group. Based on a conceptual framework developed from Worden's "mediators of mourning," this cross-sectional study hypothesized that older bereaved parents who experience severe grief symptoms would differ from those with less severe grief on age, time since death, attachment style, coping strategy, social support, and spirituality. It further aimed to investigate the association between the above factors and aggravated or alleviated grief symptoms. A sample of 183 bereaved adults over age 50 was recruited and an online survey was utilized to collect data. A 47.54% prevalence rate of Prolonged Grief Disorder was found in the sample. Participants who experienced more severe grief showed significant differences in the aforementioned study variables, compared to those who experienced less severe grief. Results of the hierarchical multiple regression model indicated that the higher severity of grief symptoms was related to utilizing more avoidant coping strategies and having a fearful attachment style. Less severe grief was associated with increased time since death, a greater perception of social support from friends, and more daily spiritual experiences. As the U.S. population ages and more families have only one child, it is imperative that academic and helping professionals recognize older bereaved parents' unique vulnerability and develop effective intervention strategies. This study reinforces the call for increased social awareness and acceptance of prolonged grief and policy changes to address the needs of older bereaved parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearing a facemask remains a pivotal strategy to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection even after vaccination, but one of the possible costs of this protection is that it may interfere with the ability to read emotion in facial expressions. We explored the extent to which it may be more difficult for participants to read emotions in faces when faces are covered with masks than when they are not, and whether participants' empathy, attachment style, and patient-centred orientation would affect their performance. Medical and nursing students (N = 429) were administered either a masked or unmasked set of 24 adult faces depicting anger, sadness, fear, or happiness. Participants also completed self-report measures of empathy, patient-centredness, and attachment style. As predicted, participants made more errors to the masked than the unmasked faces with the exception of the identification of fear. Of note, when participants missed happiness, they were most likely to see it as sadness, and when they missed anger, they were most likely to see it as happiness. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that more errors identifying emotions in faces was associated with faces being masked as opposed to unmasked, lower scores on the empathy fantasy scale, and higher scores on the fearful attachment style. The findings suggest that wearing facemasks is associated with a variety of negative outcomes that might interfere with the building of positive relationships between health care workers and patients. Those who teach student health care workers would benefit from bringing this finding into their curriculum and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]