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In this retrospective study of 319 children with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, we assessed whether age, asthma, obesity, diabetes, and socioeconomic status were associated with hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed using univariate statistics, excluding incidental or unrelated positives. There was a bimodal distribution of age among hospitalized children. Obesity ( P < .001) and a past medical history of diabetes ( P = .001) were significantly more prevalent in hospitalized children, including cases of new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. Neither a past medical history of asthma nor lower socioeconomic status was associated with hospitalization. Although limited to a single center, the findings in this study may have important clinical implications. Targeted, proactive health outreach to children with obesity and diabetes, with prioritization of preventative efforts such as vaccination, may be important in preventing worse SARS-CoV-2 infection in this vulnerable group.

Background Patients with chronic kidney disease commonly experience gait abnormalities, which predispose to falls and fall-related injuries. An unmet need is the development of improved methods for detecting patients at high risk of these complications, using tools that are feasible to implement in nephrology practice. Our prior work suggested step length could be such a marker. Here we explored the use of step length as a marker of gait impairment and fall risk in adults with chronic kidney disease. Methods We performed gait assessments in 2 prospective studies of 82 patients with stage 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (n = 33) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (n = 49). Gait speed and step length were evaluated during the 4-m walk component of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Falls within 6 months prior to or following enrollment were identified by questionnaire. Associations of low step length (≤47.2 cm) and slow gait speed (≤0.8 m/s) with falls were examined using logistic regression models adjusted for demographics and diabetes and peripheral vascular disease status. Results Assessments of step length were highly reproducible (r = 0.88, p r = 0.78, p r = 0.73, p n = 14/43) of patients with low step length did not have slow gait speed. Low step length and slow gait speed were each independently associated with the likelihood of falls (odds ratio (OR) 3.90 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–14.60) and OR 4.25 (95% CI 1.24–14.58), respectively). Compared with patients who exhibited neither deficit, those with both had a 6.55 (95% CI 1.40–30.71) times higher likelihood of falls, and the number of deficits was associated with a graded association with falls (p trend = 0.02). Effect estimates were similar after further adjustment for ESRD status. Conclusions Step length and gait speed may contribute additively to the assessment of fall risk in a general adult nephrology population.

Objective While studies have reported increased post-operative pulmonary complications with SARS-CoV-2 infection, many are limited by use of historical controls or focus on less severe respiratory complications. We characterized the association between pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-operative respiratory failure (PORF). Design and setting This was a single center retrospective cohort study in New York City between March 14–June 14, 2020. Patients Exclusion criteria were age

INTRODUCTION: In March 2020, New York City experienced a severe outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Montefiore Medical Center admitted more cases than any other hospital system and, due to massive resource mobilization, canceled all elective surgeries from March 19 to June 19 Reports have suggested worse postoperative outcomes in COVID-19 patients However, at the time of writing, these reports provide only limited perioperative details The goal of this study was to characterize in-depth perioperative morbidity and mortality during the initial COVID-19 outbreak METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all adult patients >18-years-old who underwent surgery from February 19 - May 18, 2020 We excluded labor and delivery and moribund patients, as well as those with chronic respiratory failure We noted patient demographics, risk factors, and SARS-CoV-2 PCR results Our primary adverse outcome was a composite of prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation >24 hours or non-operative reintubation within 30 days of surgery We measured hospital length of stay (LOS), ICU LOS, and in-hospital death Fisher's exact or Chi-squared tests were performed to estimate relative risk of adverse outcomes in patients with a positive PCR test RESULTS: A total of 435 patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria Approximately 21% had SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive results (93/435) compared to 61% with PCR negative results (267/435) Patients with PCR positivity were older (63 vs 55 years, P

Compared with business applications, database concept was not widely accepted in engineering applications. Currently available are rather independent programs such as engineering calculation and analysis programs, and turnkey computer aided design systems which emphasize drawing. In recent years, however, active efforts have been being made to build integrated design support systems. Engineering databases play a key role for integration. Three types of data are included in engineering databases; geometric data, engineering data, and administration data. Engineering data includes several kinds of data such as design results and maintenance histories of completed products, design data for products being designed, reliability data, and design standards. It is accessed in a trial and error manner by engineers and has been least integrated into databases.