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Background: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition common in early childhood. Acute exacerbation is frequently associated with Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to explore the relationship between S. aureus skin and nasal colonization with pediatric atopic dermatitis. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by comparing atopic dermatitis patients aged ≤18 years and nondiseased controls. A random-effects model was used to obtain the pooled prevalence and odds ratio of S. aureus colonization at eczematous skin, nonlesional skin, and nasal cavity. Subgroup analyses for colonization with methicillin-resistant S. aureus were also evaluated. Results: A total of 2,670 cases and 1,224 controls from 26 studies were included in the meta-analysis. S. aureus colonization at eczematous skin and nasal cavity is significantly higher in atopic dermatitis compared to control with odds ratios of 10.55 (95 confidence interval [CI]; 4.85-22.92, P < .001) and 2.38 (nasal cavity; 95 CI; 1.46-3.90, P < .001), respectively. The pooled prevalence of skin and nasal colonization were 55.0 (eczematous skin; 95 CI; 38.3-71.7), 23.3 (nonlesional skin; 95 CI; 12.6-33.9), and 56.3 (95 CI; 43.2-69.4), respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain was obtained from the nares and eczematous skin with rates of 11.6 (95 CI; 6.5-16.7) and 8.5 (95 CI; 4.3-12.8), respectively. Conclusion: Children with atopic dermatitis are more prone to skin and nasal colonization by S. aureus compared to nondiseased individuals. Keywords: Adolescent, atopic dermatitis, childhood, colonization, Staphylococcus aureus, Author(s): Phoomphut Sangaphunchai [1]; Chawan Kritsanaviparkporn [1]; Arucha Treesirichod (corresponding author) [1] Introduction Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by poorly defined erythema, edema, and vesicles in acute [...]

Author(s): Meghana Reddy [1]; Namrata Chhabra [1]; Anil Kumar Goel [2]; Satyaki Ganguly [1] Dear Editor, Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an itchy, chronic, or chronically relapsing inflammatory skin condition that [...]

Objective: To assess the characteristics of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) to 20 common allergens in 154 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). To assess the correlation of clinical food allergy with positive food allergens' sIgE results. We further discuss the significance of IgE as a potential biomarker for AD disease severity. Methods: A total of 154 AD patients were collected from 15 hospitals nationwide in China from 2019 to 2021. Serum IgE was measured using reverse-enzyme immuno capture test (REAST). Patients were required to have at least one positive sIgE (N ≥ 0.35 IU/mL). Patients were divided into groups according to gender, age, disease severity, and region. SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Compared with adolescent and adult, AD in infancy and childhood showed significantly higher frequencies of positive sIgE to food allergens, including egg, cow milk, and wheat (P < 0.01). However, adolescent and adult AD showed significantly higher frequencies of positive sIgE to inhaled allergens, dermatophagoides farinae, and house dust mite. In addition, sIgE in different sexes were different. Compared with women, men showed higher frequencies of positive allergen-specific IgE level to wheat, dermatophagoides farinae, and house dust mite. The most common food allergens with elevated sIgE levels were egg (71), cow milk (39) and wheat (32). However, AD patients reported seafood, including crab, shrimp, and fish, as the most frequent food allergens which aggravate their disease in their daily life. Only 18 (12) patients reported definite correlation of clinical practice with positive food allergens' IgE results. Among 154 sIgE-positive patients, 99 patients had an increase of total IgE (≥60 IU/ml). TotalIgE (tIgE) levels were significantly different between mild (193 ± 239 IU/mL), moderate (170 ± 202 IU/mL), and severe (375 ± 343 IU/mL) forms of AD patients (P < 0.01). AD patients with accompanied allergic diseases showed significantly higher tIgE levels than those without accompanied allergic symptoms (280 ± 286 IU/mL vs 194 ± 248 IU/mL). Conclusion: Neither sIgE nor tIgE levels can be used to evaluate the condition or severity of AD. AD patients with accompanied allergic diseases showed significantly higher tIgE levels than those without accompanied allergic symptoms. Infantile AD patients are more allergic to food, while adolescents and adults are more allergic to environmental antigens. IgE tests must be interpreted by combining with clinical history to avoid unnecessary food avoidance. Early food allergen introduction for infants may be promising for the prevention of food allergies. Keywords: Allergen, atopic dermatitis, biomarker, IgE, Author(s): Xin Yu [1]; Linfeng Li (corresponding author) [1] Introduction Atopic dermatitis (AD),also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by eczematous eruptions, which are recurrent and [...]

The facilitative GLUT1 and GLUT3 hexose transporters are expressed abundantly in macrophages, but whether they have distinct functions remains unclear. We confirmed that GLUT1 expression increased after M1 polarization stimuli and found that GLUT3 expression increased after M2 stimulation in macrophages. Conditional deletion of Glut3 (LysM-Cre [Glut3.sup.fl/fl]) impaired M2 polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Alternatively activated macrophages from the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis showed increased GLUT3 expression, and a calcipotriol-induced model of atopic dermatitis was rescued in LysM-Cre [Glut3.sup.fl/fl] mice. M2-like macrophages expressed GLUT3 in human wound tissues as assessed by transcriptomics and costaining, and GLUT3 expression was significantly decreased in nonhealing, compared with healing, diabetic foot ulcers. In an excisional wound healing model, LysM-Cre [Glut3.sup.fl/fl] mice showed significantly impaired M2 macrophage polarization and delayed wound healing. GLUT3 promoted IL-4/STAT6 signaling, independently of its glucose transport activity. Unlike plasma membrane-localized GLUT1, GLUT3 was localized primarily to endosomes and was required for the efficient endocytosis of IL-4R[alpha] subunits. GLUT3 interacted directly with GTP-bound RAS in vitro and in vivo through its intracytoplasmic loop domain, and this interaction was required for efficient STAT6 activation and M2 polarization. PAK activation and macropinocytosis were also impaired without GLUT3, suggesting broader roles for GLUT3 in the regulation of endocytosis. Thus, GLUT3 is required for efficient alternative macrophage polarization and function, through a glucose transport-independent, RAS-mediated role in the regulation of endocytosis and IL-4/STAT6 activation., Introduction Macrophages are immune cells that play critical roles in both inflammation and tissue homeostasis. While macrophages appear to exhibit dynamic and complex functional phenotypes in vivo, the dichotomous model [...]

Byline: Eda. Ustaoglu, Zafer. Turkoglu, Ovgu. Ulgen, Ceyda. Caytemel, Senay. Agirgol Background: This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of cinnamaldehyde in atopic dermatitis (AD) in the mouse model. [...]

Byline: Burcu. Koksal, Hatice. Zengin, Ozlem. Ozbek Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Skin and gut are the organs that first encounter antigens and environmental triggers. [...]

Byline: Arnab. Dutta, Abhishek. De, Sudip. Das, Shyamal. Banerjee, Chinmay. Kar, Sandipan. Dhar Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Hanifin and Rajka's criteria is the [...]