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The Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) is one of the top insect collections in the United States with in excess of eight million curated specimens and significant amounts of materials in bulk collections and other unprocessed samples. The subphylum Myriapoda currently comprises approximately 17,500 species in the four classes Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, and Pauropoda. The FSCA houses type material in the Diplopoda orders Callipodida, Chordeumatida, Glomeridesmida, Julida, Polydesmida, Polyzoniida, Siphonophorida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida. This catalog documents the FSCA primary type material for 74 species in 45 genera in 25 families and nine orders within Diplopoda.

Tarascolus reflexus Loomis, 1976a: 291 Holotype: 1 ♂. DIPLOPODA HOLOTYPE / 1 ♂ ATHOPETALIDAE [sic] / Tarascolus reflexus Loomis / det. Loomis/ MEXICO: 21 km. N. E. of/ Mexico City (La Marquesa)/ 22-VI-1975 / Sanchez Velazquez Leticia/ leg. // Tarascolus reflexus / n. Sp. Km 21 NE Mexico / City (La Marquesa),/ 22 VI 1975. Sanchez/ Velazquez Leticia leg. // [hw label] HOLOTYPE ♂ // [barcode label] FSCA 00070902. Conservation status: Fair condition; in 75% EtOH., Published as part of Keller, Oliver, Dunn, Ann & Soto-Adames, Felipe, 2023, An annotated catalog of the primary type material of Myriapoda deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL, USA, pp. 230-250 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7960066, {"references":["Loomis, H. F. (1976 a) Two new species of diplopods from Texas and one from Mexico. Florida Entomologist, 59 (3), 287 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3494263"]}

heteropygus Humbert & Saussure, 1869a: 154 [Spirobolus]. Mexico temperata. Unspecified number of ♂ and ♀. Saussure & Humbert (1872) gave a more detailed redescription of the ♂ only and the type locality “Cuernavaca.” No specimens found in the MHNG. The whereabouts of the type specimens is unknown. Centrelus heteropygus (Humbert & Saussure, 1869), Published as part of John Hollier, Edmund Schiller & Nesrine Akkari, 2017, An annotated list of the Diplopoda described by Aloïs Humbert alone and with Henri de Saussure, and the Diplopoda from Saussure's Mexico expedition, pp. 203-224 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (2) on page 211, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.893503, {"references":["Humbert A., Saussure H. de 1869 a. Myriapoda nova americana. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquee 21: 149 - 159."]}

gracilipes Humbert & Saussure, 1870: 172 [Polydesmus (Oxyurus)]. Brasilia. Unspecified number of ♀. Saussure & Humbert (1872) gave a more detailed redescription, stating that the specimen had been donated to the NHMW by Archduke Maximilian. No specimens were found in the MHNG. The NHMW contains a number of fragments, probably all from one ♀ type specimen (Inventory number 2612, Acquisition number 1866.I.146). The Acquisition Register shows that the lot contained only one specimen, so this can be considered the holotype. Attems (1898) redescribed the species based on this ♀ type specimen, and placed the species in the genus Odontopeltis. This placement was later rejected by Pena-Barbosa et al. (2013) and the actual generic position is uncertain. ‘Polydesmus’ gracilipes Humbert & Saussure, 1870, Published as part of John Hollier, Edmund Schiller & Nesrine Akkari, 2017, An annotated list of the Diplopoda described by Aloïs Humbert alone and with Henri de Saussure, and the Diplopoda from Saussure's Mexico expedition, pp. 203-224 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (2) on page 210, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.893503, {"references":["Humbert A., Saussure H. de 1870. Myriapoda nove americana. Description de divers Myriapodes nouveaux du Musee de Vienne. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquee 22: 172 - 7, 202 - 5.","Attems C. 1898. System der Polydesmiden. I. Theil. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften - Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 67: 221 - 482, Pl. 1 - 11.","Pena-Barbosa J. P. P., Sierwald P., Brescovit A. D. 2013. On the largest chelodesmid millipedes: taxonomic review and cladistic analysis of the genus Odontopeltis Pocock, 1894 (Diplopoda; Polydesmida; Chelodesmidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 169: 737 - 764."]}

nietanus Saussure, 1860: 365 -366, fig. 33 [Julus]. Mexique, près de Cuernavaca. Unspecified number of ♂. The pagination of the publication is faulty and reads 565- 566. Saussure & Humbert (1872) implied that the original description was based on one immature specimen, stating that they had subsequently received adults of both sexes collected by Matija Botteri. Carl (1919) described and illustrated the gonopod of Saussure’s specimen. The MHNG contains five specimens in alcohol in two jars under the name Saussurobolus nietanus. One jar contains the ♂ specimen studied by Carl. The specimen is in a vial with the label “Atlihuayan, Mexique” and another vial contains a broken pair of gonopods. The jar is labelled “Holotypus” but the specimen should be considered a syntype because the original description did not clearly define the type series. The specimens in the second jar are in fragments and have three identification labels with “Mexico” or “Mexique” as the locality, one indicating only ♂ while the other two read “♂♀ type!” These specimens may be syntypes but it is more likely that the ♀ is part of the material collected by Botteri. Centrelus nietanus (Saussure, 1860), Published as part of John Hollier, Edmund Schiller & Nesrine Akkari, 2017, An annotated list of the Diplopoda described by Aloïs Humbert alone and with Henri de Saussure, and the Diplopoda from Saussure's Mexico expedition, pp. 203-224 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 124 (2) on pages 215-216, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.893503, {"references":["Carl J. 1919. Revision de quelques Spirobolides du Museum de Geneve. Revue suisse de Zoologie 27: 377 - 404."]}

Shelley, Rowland M., Floyd, Samuel D. (2014): Expanded concept of the milliped family Spirobolidae Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidea): Proposals of Aztecolini n. tribe and Floridobolinae/ini and Tylobolini n. stats.; (re)descriptions of Floridobolus and F. penneri, both Causey, 1957, and F. orini n. sp.; hypotheses on origins and affinities. Insecta Mundi 2014 (357): 1-50, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5179125, {"references": ["Attems, C. 1909. Myriopoda. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905-1906 unter Leitung von Prof. Dr. Yngve Sjostedt. 19: 1-64.", "Attems, C. 1910. Myriopoden von Madagaskar, den Comoren und den Inseln Ostafrikas. Voeltzkow Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905. 3: 73-115.", "Attems, C. 1926. Myriopoda. Handbuch der Zoologie 4: 1-402.", "Blake, C. H. 1931. Notes on New England millipedes. Bulletin of the Boston Natural History Society 50: 15-19.", "Bollman, C. H. 1887. Notes on North American Julidae. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 4: 25-44.", "Bollman, C. H. 1893. The Myriapoda of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 46: 1-210.", "Brandt, J. F. 1833. Tentaminum quorundum monographicorum Insecta Myriapoda Chilognatha Latreillii spectantium prodromus. Bulletin de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou 6: 194-209.", "Brolemann, H. W. 1913. Un nouveau systeme de Spirobolidea (Myriapoda: Diplopoda). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 19: 476-478.", "Brolemann, H. W. 1914. Etude sur les spirobolides (Myriapodes). Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France 83: 1-38.", "Buckett, J. S. 1964. Annotated list of the Diplopoda of California. Simmons Publishing Co., Davis, CA, 34 p.", "Buckett, J. S., and M. R. Gardner. 1966. Rediscovery and redescription of Tylobolus deses Cook, with the description of a new subspecies (Diplopoda: Spirobolidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 79: 41-48.", "Bueno-Villegas, J., P. Sierwald, and J. E. Bond. 2004. Diplopoda. p. 569-599. In: B.J. Llorente, J.J. Morrone, O. Yanez, y I. Vargas I (eds.). Biodiversidad, Taxonomia y Biogeografia de Artropodos de Mexico: Hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento. IV. UNAM; Mexico. 660 pp.", "Causey. N. B. 1954. New records and species of millipeds from the western United States and Canada. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 30(3): 221-227.", "Causey, N. B. 1955a. Spirobolidae (Spirobolida: Diplopoda) east of the Rocky Mountains. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 28 (2): 69-80.", "Causey, N. B. 1955b. New records and descriptions of Californian Diplopoda. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 68: 87-94.", "Causey, N. B. 1957. Floridobolus, a new milliped genus (Spirobolidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70: 205-208.", "Causey, N. B. 1959. Narceus woodruffi, new species, a Florida milliped (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae). Florida Entomologist 42: 135-137.", "Causey, N. B. 1963. Additional records of Louisiana millipeds. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences 26: 76-79.", "Causey, N. B. 1975. Desert millipedes (Spirostreptidae, Spirostreptida) of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Museum at Texas Tech University Number 35: 1-12.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1918a. Myriapods from Nashville, Tennessee. Psyche 25: 23-30.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1918b. New spiroboloid diplopods. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 31: 165-170.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1941. Seven new millipeds from Mexico (Chilopoda [sic.]). Entomological News 52: 250-253.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1943a. On Mexican millipeds. Bulletin of the University of Utah 34(7)[Biological Series 8(3)]: 1-103.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1943b. On some genera and species of American millipeds. Bulletin of the University of Utah 34(6)[Biological Series 8(2)]: 3-20.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1947. Some records and descriptions of diplopods chiefly in the collection of the Academy. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia 99: 21-58.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1949. On some western millipeds of the order Spirobolida. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 39(5): 163-169.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1951. Records of American millipeds and centipeds collected by Dr. D. Elden Beck in 1950. Great Basin Naturalist 11(1-2): 27-35.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1953. Some American millipeds of the order Spirobolida. American Midland Naturalist 50(1): 138-151.", "Chamberlin, R. V. 1955. New millipeds from Peru and adjacent Parts. University of Utah Biological Series 11(5): 1-47.", "Chamberlin, R. V., and R. L. Hoffman. 1950. On some genera and families of North American diplopods. Chicago Academy of Sciences Natural History Miscellanea 71: 1-7.", "Chamberlin, R. V., and R. L. Hoffman. 1958. Checklist of the millipeds of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin 212: 1-236.", "Chamberlin, R. V., and Y. M. Wang. 1953. Records of millipeds (Diplopoda) from Japan and other oriental areas, with descriptions of new genera and species. American Museum Novitates 1621: 1-13.", "Cook, O. F. 1895. Introductory note on the families of Diplopoda. p. 1-9. In: Cook, O. F., and G. N. Collins. The Craspedosomatidae of North America. Annals of the New York Academy of Science 9: 1-100.", "Cook, O. F. 1904. Myriapoda of northwestern North America. Harriman Expedition 8 Insects Pt. 1: 47-82.", "Deyrup, M. 1989. Arthropods endemic to Florida scrub. Florida Scientist 52(4): 254-270.", "Deyrup, M. 1994. Florida Scrub Millipede Floridobolus penneri Causey. p. 254-256, In: Deyrup, M., and R. Franz (eds.), Invertebrates. Rare and Endangered Biota of Florida 4: 1-798 + i-xxx.", "Deyrup, M. 2012. Conservation status and management of Lake Wales Ridge arthropods restricted to scrub habitat. Final Report of Project T-15-D, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. 107 p.", "Dzik, J. 1975. Results of the Polish-Mongolian Paleontological Expeditions - Part VI. Spiroboloid millipedes from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Paleontologica Polonica 33: 17-24.", "Filka, M. E., and R. M. Shelley. 1980. The milliped fauna of the Kings Mountain region of North Carolina (Arthropoda: Diplopoda). Brimleyana 4: 1-42.", "Gervais, P. 1847. Myriapods. p. 1-333, 577-595. In: Walckenaer, B., and P. Gervais (eds.), Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Apteres 4, Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret; Paris. 623 p.", "Golovatch, S. I. 1979. Trans-Beringian faunal connections in millipedes (Diplopoda). Proceedings of the XIV Pacific Science Congress, USSR, Khabarovsk, Committee C - Geography, p. 213-214.", "Golovatch, S. I. 1980. A contribution to the millipede fauna of Korea (Diplopoda). Folia Entomologica Hungarica 41: 49-58.", "Golovatch, S. I., and R. L. Hoffman. 2000. On the diplopod taxa and type material of J. F. Brandt, with some new descriptions and identities (Diplopoda). Fragmenta Faunistica 43 (Supplement): 229-249.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1950. Records and descriptions of diplopods from the southern Appalachians. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 66(1): 11-33.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1951. The name of the common eastern spirobolid milliped. Florida Entomologist 34(1): 15-16.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1957. Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. IV. The characters and relationships of the genera Narceus Rafinesque 1820 and Spirobolus Brandt 1833. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 70: 61-68.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1960. Revision of the milliped genus Cherokia (Polydesmida: Xystodesmidae). Proceedings of the United States National Museum 112: 227-264.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1965. A second species in the diplopod genus Choctella (Spirostreptida: Choctellidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 78: 55-58.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1969. The origin and affinities of the southern Appalachian diplopod fauna. p. 221-246, In: Holt, P. C. (ed.), The Distributional History of the Biota of the Southern Appalachians Part I: Invertebrates. Research Division Monograph 1, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia, 295 p. + i-viii.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1980a (1979). Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland. 237 p.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1980b. Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. XI. On the status of Spirobolus nattereri Humbert & DeSaussure, 1870, and some species traditionally associated with it (Rhinocricidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 33(8): 171-181.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1982. Diplopoda. p. 689-724, In: Parker, S. B. (ed.), Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms 2: 1-1119.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1998a. On the identity of two enigmatic Hispaniolan millipeds (Spirobolidae: Rhinocricidae). Myriapodologica 5(9): 95-102.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1998b. Some necessary fine-tuning in the order Spirobolida (Spirobolidae, Messicobolidae, Atopetholidae). Myriapodologica 5(6): 63-76.", "Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8: 1-584.", "Hoffman, R. L., and R. E. Crabill, Jr. 1953. C. S. Rafinesque as the real father of American myriapodology: An analysis of his hitherto unrecognized species. Florida Entomologist 36(2): 73-82.", "Hoffman, R. L., and S. I. Golovatch. 2012. The millipede genus Argentocricus Verhoeff, 1941 (Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Rhinocricidae). Arthropoda Selecta 21(3): 211-215.", "Hoffman, R. L., and W. T. Keeton. 1960. A list of the generic names proposed in the diplopod order Spirobolida, with their type species. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 84: 1-26.", "Hoffman, R. L., and B. S. Orcutt. 1960. A synopsis of the Atopetholidae, a family of spiroboloid millipeds. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 111: 95-166.", "Jeekel, C. A. W. 1971. Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: A List of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from the 10th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging 5: 1-412 + i-xii.", "Jeekel, C. A. W. 1985. The distribution of the Diplocheta and the \"lost\" continent Pacifica (Diplopoda). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 55(1): 100-112.", "Johnson, B. M. 1954. The millipeds of Michigan. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 39: 241-252.", "Keeton, W. T. 1959. A new family for the diplopod genus Floridobolus (Spirobolida, Spirobolidea). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 54(1): 1-7.", "Keeton, W. T. 1960a. A taxonomic study of the milliped family Spirobolidae (Diplopoda: Spirobolida). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 17: 1-146.", "Keeton, W. T. 1960b. A new family of millipeds of the order Spirobolida, with notes on an established family. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 73: 131-140.", "Keeton, W. T. 1966. The species of the milliped genus Tylobolus (Diplopoda: Spirobolida), a re-examination. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 92: 17-28.", "Kevan, D. K. McE. 1983. A preliminary survey of known and potentially Canadian millipedes (Diplopoda). Canadian Journal of Zoology 61(12): 2956-2975.", "Korsos, Z. 2004. Checklist and bibliography of millipedes (Diplopoda) of Taiwan. Collection and Research 17: 11-32.", "Korsos, Z., and L. Ronkay. 1988. Zoological collectings by the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Korea. 89. 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Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 41(3): 382-394.", "Loomis, H. F. 1971. Additions to the millipeds of Mexico (Myriapoda: Diplopoda). Anales Instituto Biologica National Autonomous University de Mexico 40 (Ser. Zool. 1): 49-54.", "Loomis, H. F., and R. L. Hoffman. 1951. Synonymy of various diplopods. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 61: 51-54.", "Mauries, J. -P. 1977. Le genre Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847, et sa place dans la classification des Cambalides, a propos de la description d'une nouvelle espece du Viet-Nam (Diplopoda, Iulida, Cambalidea). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 3e serie, no. 431, Zoologie 301: 243-250.", "Mauries, J. -P. 1980. Diplopodes chilognathes de la Guadeloupe et ses dependances. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4e serie, section A, Zoologie 2(4): 1059-1111.", "Mauries, J. -P. 1983. Cambalides nouveaux et peu connus d'Asie, d'Amerique et d'Oceanie. I. Cambalidae et Cambalopsidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4e serie 5(section A, no. 1): 247-276.", "Mauries, J. -P. 1987. Cambalides nouveaux et peu connus d'Asie, d'Amerique et d'Oceanie. II. Pseudonannolenidae, Choctellidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 4e serie 1: 169-199.", "Mauries, J. -P., and S. I. Golovatch. 2006. Stemmiulus deharvingi sp. n., the first Stemmiulida to be reported from Indonesia (Diplopoda: Stemmiulida). Arthropoda Selecta 15: 91-98.", "Mauries, J. -P., S. I. Golovatch, and J. -J. Geoffroy. 2010. Un nouveau genre et une nouvelle espece de l'ordre Stemmiulida du Viet-Nam (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta 19: 73-80.", "Mikhaljova, E. V. 1993. The millipedes (Diplopoda) of Siberia and the Far East of Russia. Arthropoda Selecta 2(2): 3-36.", "Mikhaljova, E. V. 2001. On some poorly-known millipedes from Siberia (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta 10(3): 201-207.", "Mikhaljova, E. V. 2004. The millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Asian part of Russia. Pensoft Publishers; Sofia-Moscow. 292 p.", "Mikhaljova, E. V. 2010 (2009). The millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Russian Far East islands and the Kamchatka Peninsula. Soil Organisms 81(3): 599-616.", "Mikhaljova, E. V. 2012. The class Diplopoda in Mongolia, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3418: 41-50.", "Mikhaljova, E. V., and A. M. Basarukin. 1995. The millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Sakhalin and Kurile Islands. Arthropoda Selecta 4(3/4): 89-96.", "Mikhaljova, E. V., and S. I. Golovatch. 2000. A review of the millipede fauna of Siberia (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta 9(2): 103-118.", "Mikhaljova, E. V., and J. P. Kim. 1993. Contribution to the millipede fauna of Korea (Diplopoda). Korean Arachnology 9(1-2): 31-42.", "Mikhaljova, E. V., and Z. Korsos. 2003. Millipedes (Diplopoda) from Korea, the Russian Far East, and China in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 49(3): 215-242.", "Mikhaljova, E. V., and K. Y. Lim. 2001. New millipedes from Korea, with note on the identity of Epanerchodus koreanus Verhoeff, 1937 (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta 10(1): 19-26.", "Mikhaljova, E. V., and Y. M. Marusik. 2004. New data on taxonomy and fauna of the millipedes (Diplopoda) from the Russian Far East, Siberia and Mongolia. Far Eastern Entomologist 133: 1-12.", "Mikhaljova, E. V., and P. S. Nefediev. 2002. A contribution to the millipede fauna of Siberia (Diplopoda). Arthropoda Selecta 11(1): 81-87.", "Mikhaljova, E. V., and K. J. Pil. 1993. Contribution to the millipede fauna of Korea (Diplopoda). Korean Arachnology 9(1-2): 31-42.", "Mikhaljova, E. V., S. I. Golovatch, and J. Wytwer. 2000. On some new or poorly-known millipedes (Diplopoda) from North Korea. 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Genus Gobiulus Dzik, 1975 Gobiulus Dzik, 1975:17. Type- and only component species. G. sabulosus Dzik, 1975, by original designation. Diagnosis. Body with 40 rings including collum and epiproct. Hypostome and gula large, covering part of mentum. Ocellaria widely separated, containing around 30 ocelli. 2 nd pleurotergite extending below level of collum. Striae ventrolateral only. Paraprocts slightly re-entrant, without rims. Distribution. Mongolia, Ömnögovi Prov., Gobi Desert. Origin. The strata harboring these fossils derive from the late-Cretaceous Period, Mesozoic Era. They are thought to be from the Middle Campanian Stage, dating to 77 mya (Shear et al. 2009). Remarks. Thirteen specimens of G. sabulosus were retrieved plus one with a less deeply incised and more rounded frontoclypeal region that Dzik (1975) thought might represent a second species but did not name. The head of the holotype (Dzik 1975, fig. 1b) clearly shows the frontal groove that is indistinct in the unnamed specimen, so we agree that Spirobolida is the correct order (Shear et al. 2009, Shear and Edgecombe 2010). Primarily from the shape of the mentum and sterna, Dzik allied Gobiulus with Rhinocricidae and Atopetholidae but then excluded the former because of the absence of protergal scobinae. However, scobinae, if present, would normally be overhung by the caudal edges of the preceding metaterga, probably fossilize poorly if at all, and some rhinocricids lack them, so this perceived absence in a juliformian fossil is not diagnostic. Dzik also thought that the indistinct tergal divisions eliminated Gobiulus from Atopetholidae, and he excluded Spirobolidae because of the shape of the mentum and the triangular mandibular stipes. He tentatively assigned Gobiulus to the exclusively North American/ Mexican Atopetholidae, whose distribution he incorrectly reported as including Asia and North and South Africa (Chamberlin and Hoffman 1958; Hoffman and Orcutt 1960; Loomis 1968a; Hoffman 1980a, 1998b, 1999; Bueno-Villegas et al. 2004; Shear et al. 2009; Shear and Edgecombe 2010; Shelley and Golovatch 2011). From the published illustrations of Gobiulus, we note the slightly re-entrant paraprocts that lack rims (Dzik 1975, fig. 5a-c), which are consistent with both Atopetholidae and Tylobolini (Table 2, row 5; Keeton 1960a, pl. 3, fig. 21; Hoffman and Orcutt 1960); spiroboline paraprocts clearly possess rims and are not re-entrant. Additionally, the widely separated ocellaria, which lie dorsal to the antennal sockets and do not extend mediad, are also consistent with Tylobolini (Dzik 1975, fig. 1b, 6b; Keeton 1960a, pl. 1, fig. 6, pl. 2, fig. 11, 13); spiroboline ocellaria always extend mediad toward the epicranial suture and are closer together. With these anatomical similarities, we believe that Gobiulus is assignable to Spirobolidae / Floridobolinae / Tylobolini; Dzik’s illustrations lack scale lines, but the individuals appear juvenile to us. We would never base a formal nomenclatural change of fossils solely on illustrations because rarely can associations of impression fossils with modern genera be certain, but we nevertheless think Gobiulus may be a synonym of Tylobolus, which the fossils resemble more closely than Hiltonius. Admittedly, our statements contain a degree of conjecture, but we do confirm Dzik’s perception of affinity to North American rather than Asian spirobolidans, and the fossils are consistent with our concept of Spirobolidae. For the aforementioned reasons, we do not see Spirobolinae in Dzik’s figures; Gobiulus seems to represent a rare tylobolinine that dispersed onto the Asian part of “Asiamerica” in the Cretaceous, became fossilized, and was transported to Mongolia. Gobiulus seems to support our spirobolid, “Asiamerica” hypothesis, which also applies to other North American taxa., Published as part of Shelley, Rowland M. & Floyd, Samuel D., 2014, Expanded concept of the milliped family Spirobolidae Diplopoda: Spirobolida: Spirobolidea): Proposals of Aztecolini n. tribe and Floridobolinae / ini and Tylobolini n. stats.; (re) descriptions of Floridobolus and F. penneri, both Causey, 1957, and F. orini n. sp.; hypotheses on origins and affinities, pp. 1-50 in Insecta Mundi 2014 (357) on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5179125, {"references":["Dzik, J. 1975. Results of the Polish-Mongolian Paleontological Expeditions - Part VI. Spiroboloid millipedes from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia. Paleontologica Polonica 33: 17 - 24.","Shear, W. A., P. A. Selden, and J. - C. Gall. 2009. Millipedes from the Gres a Voltzia, Triassic of France, with comments on Mesozoic millipedes (Diplopoda: Helminthomorpha: Eugnatha). International Journal of Myriapodology 1 (2009): 1 - 13.","Shear, W. A., and G. D. Edgecombe. 2010. The geological record and phylogeny of the Myriapoda. Arthropod Structure and Development 39 (2010): 174 - 190.","Chamberlin, R. V., and R. L. Hoffman. 1958. Checklist of the millipeds of North America. United States National Museum Bulletin 212: 1 - 236.","Hoffman, R. L., and B. S. Orcutt. 1960. A synopsis of the Atopetholidae, a family of spiroboloid millipeds. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 111: 95 - 166.","Loomis, H. F. 1968 a. A checklist of the millipeds of Mexico and Central America. United States National Museum Bulletin 266: 1 - 137.","Hoffman, R. L. 1980 a (1979). Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneve, Switzerland. 237 p.","Hoffman, R. L. 1998 b. Some necessary fine-tuning in the order Spirobolida (Spirobolidae, Messicobolidae, Atopetholidae). Myriapodologica 5 (6): 63 - 76.","Hoffman, R. L. 1999. Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 8: 1 - 584.","Bueno-Villegas, J., P. Sierwald, and J. E. Bond. 2004. Diplopoda. p. 569 - 599. In: B. J. Llorente, J. J. Morrone, O. Yanez, y I. Vargas I (eds.). Biodiversidad, Taxonomia y Biogeografia de Artropodos de Mexico: Hacia una sintesis de su conocimiento. IV. UNAM; Mexico. 660 pp.","Shelley, R. M., and S. I. Golovatch. 2011. Atlas of myriapod biogeography. I. Indigenous ordinal and supra-ordinal distributions in the Diplopoda: Perspectives on taxon origins and ages, and a hypothesis on the origin and early evolution of the class. Insecta Mundi 0158: 1 - 134.","Keeton, W. T. 1960 a. A taxonomic study of the milliped family Spirobolidae (Diplopoda: Spirobolida). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 17: 1 - 146."]}

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Descriptions, with illustrations, are given of the following new taxa: RHAPHANDRA brunnea (Chelodesmidae); THELEURA punctata (Peridontodesmidae); Strongylodesmus granulatus (Rhachodesmidae); Cruzodesmus serratus (Xystodesmidae); Rhysodesmus angustus , R. byersi , R. constrictus , R. depressus , R. hamatilis , R. jugosus , R. murallensis , R. obliquus , R. punctatus , R. quadruplus , R. semiovatus , and R. simplex (Xystodesmidae); Pheniulus bicuspis (Paraiulidae); Centrelus tu berosus (Atopetholidae); Rhinocricus torosus (Rhinocricidae); and Orthoporus extensus (Spirostreptidae). Supplemental descriptions are given of Rhysodesmus sandersi Causey, R. smithi Pocock, and R. vicinus (Saussure). New synonymy: Strongylodesmus Saussure (= Ceuthauxus Chamberlin), Rhysodesmus Cook (= Acentronus Chamberlin); Orthoporus ornatus (Girard) (= O. lenonus , = O. linares , = O. mimus , = O. torreonus , all of Chamberlin). Extensions of ranges of 10 previously known species are given.

A. silvestrii S ANT. [[male]]. Type. (C'est egalement le premier type male du genre): Long.: 3 mm. (le soldat mesure 2 mm. 5 et l'ouvriere 1,4, la [[queen]] est inconnue). Brun assez fonce, tete noire, appendices jaune fonce. Ailes legerement enfumees de gris, stigma jaunatre. Tete tres densement, chagrinee, mate, promesonotum luisant, eparsement ponctue, avec fine reticulation lache sur les cotes. Arriere-thorax, petioles et gastre presque lisses. Poils bruns, courts et dresses. denses sur la majeure partie du corps (fig 11,A). Tete petite, conique entre les ocelles. Clypeus court, bombe, legerement concave, tronque, muni de quelques faibles dents. Antennes longues, presque tous les articles sont bien plus longs que larges; le scape est un peu plus court que le total des deux articles suivants. Thorax presque plan en-dessus, scutellum peu convexe. Epinotum non epineux, face de- clive plane, bordee de fines aretes laterales, deux fois plus longue que la face superieure. Petioles assez bas, trapus, tronques au sommet des n oe uds. Gastre aplati, pieces genitales saillantes, les forceps courts et crochus, lacinias triangulaires, pointues. Cellule radiale longue. Par ce male, le genre Aneleus se rapproche enormement du genre Oligomyrmex (sensu stricto): je ne vois guere de differences generiques notables, a part les mandibules qui sont plus greles chez Oligomyrmex. D'ailleurs, ouvrieres et soldats d����Aneleus ne s'ecartent de ceux d' Oligomyrmex que par le nombre d'articles des antennes (1 1 au lieu de 10). La similitude des cf amenera peut-etre a faire d' Aneleus un simple sous-genre d' Oligomyrmex., Published as part of Bernard, F., 1953, La reserve naturelle integrale du Mt Nimba. XI. Hymenopteres Formicidae., pp. 165-270 in Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire 19 on pages 239-240