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A COP 28, Conferência das Partes sobre Mudanças Climáticas, destaca-se como um evento crucial para discutir e abordar os desafios relacionados aos gases de efeito estufa (GEE) em um mundo cada vez mais impactado pelas mudanças climáticas. Os GEE, como o dióxido de carbono (CO2), metano (CH4) e óxido nitroso (N2O), são os principais impulsionadores do aquecimento global e representam a preocupação central na COP 28. A necessidade de reduzir as emissões desses gases é incontestável, e estratégias baseadas em dados (data driven) emergem como ferramentas fundamentais para entender e abordar esse desafio complexo. O uso de análises baseadas em dados permite uma compreensão mais precisa das fontes de emissões de GEE, identificando áreas críticas para ação e facilitando a implementação de medidas eficazes de mitigação. Este estudo faz um levantamento dos dados da COP 28, combinando discussões sobre GEE e abordagens data driven os quais desempenham um papel crucial na formulação de políticas e na tomada de decisões direcionadas para enfrentar as mudanças climáticas de forma eficaz e sustentável.

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos is the property of Taller de Estudios Internacionales Mediterraneos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nel 1953 Amelia Rosselli iniziò a dedicarsi con determinazione alla poesia e a scrivere quei componimenti che più tardi sarebbero confluiti in Variazioni belliche (1964). Il 1953 fu l'anno in cui morì Rocco Scotellaro – caro amico di Rosselli – e la guerra fredda cominciò a influenzare l''atmosfera' che caratterizzò l'esordio della 'letteratura dell'era nucleare'. Il personale e il politico si sono sempre intrecciati nella poesia di Rosselli, e questo contributo sostiene che l'ansia nucleare, in aggiunta all'uccisione nel 1937 da parte dei nazifascisti del padre e dello zio di Rosselli, diede una fondamentale impronta al contenuto, allo stile, e alle soluzioni retoriche delle Variazioni belliche. L'articolo, inoltre, argomenta che la malattia mentale di cui la poetessa soffrì negli anni '70 sia da mettere in relazione con il clima di paranoia dell'era nucleare. Questa circostanza è attestata dalla 'prosa poetica' di Storia di una malattia (pubblicata in Nuovi Argomenti nel 1977), la quale pertanto è qualche cosa di più interessante della mera testimonianza d'una 'insolita', e individuale, 'esperienza esistenziale'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Técnica Industrial: Revista Cuatrimestral de Ingeniería, Industria e Innovación is the property of Fundacion Tecnica Industrial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resumo Neste artigo, o objetivo central é posicionar a discussão sobre corporeidade, intenções e afetos como dimensões analíticas não representacionais para os estudos das práticas organizacionais, particularmente no que se refere à (re)criação de relações de poder que promovem inclusões ou exclusões na prática. Em primeiro lugar, evidenciamos o problema de a teoria organizacional negligenciar os corpos, as intenções e os afetos sob uma perspectiva antirracionalista e anticognitivista. Assim, argumentamos em favor de uma imersão pré-reflexiva em contato com as práticas organizacionais. Em segundo lugar, sugerimos a categoria analítica da intencionalidade corporal-afetiva como imersão pré-reflexiva na compreensão das práticas organizacionais, uma vez que é por meio dessa percepção analítica que se constituem as atmosferas afetivas ou os fluxos de afetos. Em terceiro lugar, resgatamos as noções de diferenças, performance e performatividade para compreender como a intencionalidade corporal-afetiva faz fluir inclusões e exclusões nas práticas organizacionais. Ao final, oferecemos questões reflexivas para novas pesquisas na área, com a expectativa de que a proposta de relação analítica entre corpos, intenções e afetos, em conjunto com os conceitos de atmosferas, diferenças, performance e performatividade, contribua, de modo geral, para área dos Estudos Organizacionais não representacionais, e, em específico, para a área dos Estudos Baseados em Prática.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar qual seria, de acordo com o contexto imediato de Gênesis 1, o melhor significado para o termo עַקיִרָ) rāqîa') (firmamento), que, ao ser aplicado no texto, possa se aproximar do real intuito do autor de Gênesis ao se referir à palavra “firmamento” no capítulo 1:6-8;14-19. Para isso, será realizada uma análise das alegações de alguns teólogos a respeito do referido termo, comparando as diferentes fontes bibliográficas e suas interpretações quanto ao uso da palavra hebraica עַקיִרָ) rāqîa'), especialmente quando mencionada no contexto da criação em Gênesis 1. O entendimento do sentido real da palavra עַקיִרָ) rāqîa') é de fundamental importância para compreender a que o autor do relato bíblico de Gênesis estava se referindo quando emprega a terminologia עַקיִרָ) rāqîa') (firmamento) em Gênesis 1:6-8;14-19.

Objective: 1. Secure resources for systems reliability and safety while exploring the development of a necessary human survival system and infrastructure for a 2.5 year-round trip journey to explore Mars by 2050. 2. Inform the reader and potential mission explorers of the challenges that will be faced in the transit and establishment phases of the Mars endeavor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo O artigo busca identificar um campo de estudos em formação, aqui nomeado como Mood Studies. Esse campo, influenciado pela “virada afetiva”, tem abrigado estudos de diversas disciplinas, como Sociologia, Antropologia, Geografia, História da Arte, Comunicação, Literatura e Arquitetura. Seu foco comum são os aspectos específicos dos fenômenos sociais, como humor, clima e atmosfera. O mapeamento desse campo se dá pela identificação de três conceitos fundamentais – Stimmung, atmosfera e estrutura de sentimento – e da orientação em realçar, por meio desses conceitos, a hibridez entre individual e coletivo e entre subjetivo e objetivo. Realizando breves genealogias, ressalta-se as relações entre os conceitos de forma, a fazer ver a formação atual de uma gramática comum. Essa nova gramática e o distanciamento crítico à Teoria dos Afetos têm dado especificidade a esse campo.

Geographic literature on diplomatic spatiality has largely focused on the official sites of diplomacy, while neglecting the importance of the diplomatic home in everyday working life. Considering this gap in the literature, the present article extends the recent interest in critical geographies of home and considers its potential in furthering our understanding of interstate diplomacy. The paper assembles the affective atmospheres of the diplomatic home through a bottom-up perspective that combines the author's personal experiences as a Finnish career diplomat inhabiting a middle-class Turkish apartment with the oral accounts of his houseguests. Attention is given to the creation of images of national culture and design through micro-scale country-branding efforts. The analysis shows that while home atmospheres can be manipulated for diplomatic ends, there are also disjunctures between idealised designs and the embodied experiences of diplomatic houseguests. The article ends by discussing the implications of the present study for the literature on critical geographies of diplomacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Gerenciales is the property of Universidad ICESI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For cultural geographers, weather is primarily known through the body. Cultural geographers employ sensual ethnographies, diaries, interviews and visual methods to understand how weather is differentially felt. Somewhat lacking are cultural geographical accounts of weather as data: how weather is mapped, indexed and modelled with consequences not only for science but also for vernacular weather-worlds. In contrast, a growing set of artistic projects are experimenting with scientific practices that measure, modify, and produce our weather. Taking inspiration from these creative practices, this paper explores the intersection of weather as body, and weather as machine, as part of a current of transdisciplinary work I call the elemental geohumanities. Drawing from international cultural programmes such as the World Weather Network and employing vignettes from the open-weather archive, I advance a critical framework for thinking at the interface of embodied weather and "weather engines" for cultural geography and the geohumanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El final de la década de los años 60 fue un momento crítico para los arquitectos que perseguían utopías sociales. El sueño había terminado: la nueva economía de consumo y la crisis ecológica centraban las nuevas preocupaciones sociales. La biopolítica, estudiada por autores como Michel Foucault, estaba cada vez más presente. El impacto psicológico del medio construido sobre el comportamiento humano era objeto de numerosos estudios: el conductismo radical o el control del comportamiento eran temas clave que influían en la producción artística y en la creación de espacios que jugaban con el comportamiento humano. El pabellón Austriennale de Hans Hollein, construido para la XIV Triennale di Milano, no sólo abarcaba su tema principal, "El gran número", sino que —la hipótesis principal del artículo— estuvo especialmente influido por este ‘giro conductual’. De forma satírica y lúdica, el proyecto abrazó los tiempos de crisis, convirtiéndolos en un espacio de crítica social. Este texto analiza el proyecto en términos de sátira arquitectónica, una máquina biopolítica diseñada para crear una experiencia en serie basada en una gratificación producida en masa. Simultáneamente fordista, kafkiano y freudiano, su organización del movimiento, el control de multitudes, los protocolos de estímulo-recompensa y las atmósferas performativas especializadas se organizan en una obra arquitectónica.

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Copyright of Constelaciones (2340-177X) is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este trabajo explora las oportunidades del diseño de experiencias en la industria restaurantera de Perú, para lo cual se presentan los resultados de un estado de la cuestión en materia de modelos para evaluar la experiencia de los comensales en el restaurante; la revisión incluye modelos como SERVICESCAPE y DINESCAPE. Entre otras conclusiones, se identificó que la combinación de indicadores de los modelos analizados, en especial el modelo DINESCAPE, permite comprender los factores y aspectos más relevantes para una buena experiencia en restaurantes; sin embargo, esta se debe adaptar a cada marca, según su tipo, público objetivo y oferta gastronómica. Por último, se concluye que el diseño estratégico, a través del rol del diseñador, debe ser considerado en el Perú como referente para el diseño de experiencias en el ámbito de restaurantes de la ciudad de Lima. Videoabstract Te invitamos a ver la explicacion del artículo en palabras del autor. Da click aquí para abrir el reproductor de video.

El 13 de febrero de 2022, en el SoFi Stadium de Los Ángeles, se celebró la LVI edición de la final de la Super Bowl, siendo vista por 208 millones de personas. Durante el tiempo de descanso (half-time) se celebró una actuación musical de quince minutos donde el protagonista pasaba a ser uno de los territorios más estigmatizados en la historia de los Estados Unidos, la ciudad angelina de Compton. Por primera vez en una final de la Super Bowl, un lugar estigmatizado, sus arquitecturas, sus calles y sus raperos eran, de la mano de la artista y escenógrafa Es Devlin, visibilizados y mostrados al mundo. El objetivo de la investigación es revelar las estrategias escénicas diseñadas e implementadas por el estudio de Es Devlin para trasladar la particular atmósfera y complejas dinámicas espaciales de Compton al escenario. Para ello se realizará tanto un estudio comparado de los trabajos de Devlin como una serie de mapas, dibujos y cartografías analíticas en torno a la escenografía construida para la Super Bowl 2022.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We examined the dominant substantive and affective attributes in 358 news items related to water and waste management in Colombia over five years. The results revealed that the studied texts focused more on the existence of attributes of environmental problems and on positive emotions related to good management practices, than on the effects and solutions. These results explore how Agenda-Setting theory can provide practical guidance for journalists to rethink their environmental coverage from a normative perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study based in the atmosphere corrosivity evaluation on carbon steel in a coastal zone of the canton of Manta in Manabí, Ecuador, was carried out. Eight exposure sites were selected at different distances from the coastline. Wooden supports with three dry cloth device for the monthly determination of chloride ion salt deposition and six carbon steel metal specimens of standardized dimensions were placed in each exposure site. Three metallic specimens for monthly and annual measurement of atmospheric corrosion rate respectively for each time of exposure during one year of study. Monthly average values of relative humidity, temperature, and wind were obtained from a meteorological station located near the study zone. The results obtained from the typical description of the aggressive coastal environment of the atmosphere, and those demonstrated in terms of the monthly behavior of corrosion rate and the influencing factors, as well as the corrosivity categories of the atmosphere determined at different distances from the coastline, can be taken as criteria for durability, before proceeding with the design, construction, maintenance, and repair of structures in the coastal study zone. A difference between the two variants of corrosivity of the atmosphere evaluation, that it to say, between the estimation from the typical description of the aggressive coastal environment of the atmosphere in the study zone, and the determination using the annual average values of corrosion velocity, was demonstrated. This difference can also be taken as another criterion for durability in the study zone. The extreme (CX) corrosivity category of the atmosphere determined for carbon steel has not been reported in other studies carried out in Ecuador. The chloride ion salt deposition in saline dissolution form continues, to be one of the most influential factors in the corrosion rate or corrosivity of the atmosphere in the carbon steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The durability performance of construction-manufacturing materials from the People's Republic of China will be studied considering the impact of the aggressive coastal environment of Cuba's atmosphere. Research studies between two countries, one characterized by a very high production and commercialization of metallic materials for construction-manufacturing industry as China, and the other by present a very high impact of the aggressive coastal environment of the atmosphere on the materials as Cuba, were not found. The research studies carried out evaluated the impact of the aggressive coastal environment of the atmosphere independently on their own materials. Thermoplastic and thermosetting polymeric materials were not considered. The requirements by durability that are intended to be defined in the construction-manufacturing materials, will guarantee a higher long project service to all the infrastructure to be built or manufactured, mainly in any coastal zone in China and worldwide. A very significant economic benefit for developing countries is expected. In this way, the infrastructure exposed to the impact of the coastal atmospheric environment in any coastal zone worldwide, will almost never reach its residual useful life. Cuba, as an island with a tropical coastal climate, in addition to the high relative humidity and deposition of chloride ion salts in the form of saline solution, is an ideal country to carry out these studies. A new corrosivity category of the atmosphere higher than extreme(>CX) for carbon steel in a coastal zones with high construction potential was reported. The corrosivity categories of the atmosphere reported in China for the metallic materials most used in the construction-manufacturing industry have been lower than those determined in the tropical coastal climate of Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global pandemic due to the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus has caused significant impact on various sectors of society, e.g., health, science, and economy, with a remarkable change in environmental aspects. The present study focused on an analysis of the spread of COVID-19 in South America, highlighting the impacts of lockdown policies on the air quality in the main cities of ten countries during the pandemics, furthermore, through simple regression statistical models, the behavior of accumulated daily cases of COVID-19 in 13 countries was characterized. The lockdown strategy was one of the first measures adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) to control the spread of the coronavirus, significantly reducing traffic and industrial activities. This measure has surprisingly improved the air quality in four of the 13 South American cities studied, e.g., Guarulhos (Brazil), Santiago de Chile (Chile), Bogota (Colombia), and Lima (Peru), with reductions in PM2.5, PM10, and ozone (O3). The propagation behavior of COVID-19 in South America and the environmental impact analyses provided in this paper demonstrate the intense effect of commercial and industrial activities and can be used to subsidize future reductions in pollution and disease contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the economic-productive, energy and environmental impacts of wind pumping in sprinkler irrigation for garlic cultivation, the investigation was carried out at "La Cuchilla" farm during 2016-2017, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 cycles. The mass of the bulbs was 27.47 g, 27.81 g and 27.70 g, respectively, to average 27.66 g and the diameter of the bulbs reached values of 3.92 g, 4.01 g and 3.85 g, respectively. The production volume was 231,400.00 pesos per hectare, the annual costs amounted to 18,929.77 pesos per hectare and the net benefit was 212470.23 pesos per hectare. The favorable production cost per peso of 0.08 cents with a value of 11.22 obtained in the Benefit-Cost ratio was much higher than the unit was. A multi-blade mill was utilized for pumping water instead of a LEPONO brand motorized pump, used by farmers in the region. It has a flow rate of 60 L min-1, maximum head 70 m, turning speed 3400 rpm and current intensity consumed by the 11 A motor and allowed an energy saving of 27.66 kWh corresponding to 146.77 kg of CO2 equivalent per hectare no longer emitted into the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín Académico: Journal of Research & Contemporary Architecture / Revista de Investigación y Architectura Contemporánea is the property of Boletin Academico: Revista de Investigacion y Architectura Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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A rádio ocultação (RO) começou a ser utilizada para a sondagem da atmosfera de outros planetas a partir da década de 1960. Com o desenvolvimento do Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) e de missões com satélites de baixa órbita (Low Earth Orbit - LEO) surgiu a possibilidade de investigações da atmosfera terrestre com a aplicação da RO-GNSS. Dos satélites transmissores GNSS até os receptores instalados nos satélites LEO, os sinais propagados sofrem diferentes tipos de influência da atmosfera. O sinal transmitido é refratado e, com isso, pode ser coletado pelo receptor embarcado no LEO, apesar da obstrução pela Terra. Essa geometria possibilita o cálculo dos índices de refração, os quais possuem informações da composição da atmosfera terrestre. Entre os perfis obtidos a partir do índice de refração, destacam-se os de temperatura, pressão e densidade de elétrons. No presente trabalho é realizada uma revisão teórica da técnica de RO-GNSS, com o intuito de apresentar a técnica e seu potencial a pesquisadores de diversas áreas que tenham possibilidade de utilizá-la. Primeiramente é apresentado um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da técnica, bem como as principais missões relacionadas ao tema, incluindo a situação de missões atualmente em operação e algumas perspectivas futuras. Além disso, são apresentados os principais elementos envolvidos na geometria da ocultação, bem como os principais conceitos e formulações para a obtenção dos perfis. Por fim, alguns produtos provenientes de missões de RO-GNSS são apresentados e analisados.

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En la historia del arte, el juego ilusorio que busca integrar y fundir distintos componentes de construcción y representación se asocia normalmente a los dispositivos del interior eclesiástico barroco, mientras que la redefinición de las relaciones entre arquitectura e imagen como resultado de un virtuoso despliegue de enmarcaciones y transiciones ornamentales coincide en varios puntos de Europa, aunque bajo distintos estilos, a principios y mediados del siglo XVIII. La ahora desvanecida capilla de los huérfanos diseñada por el importante arquitecto Germain Boffrand (1667-1754) ofrece un ejemplo de una singular manifestación de dicho gusto por el interior eclesiástico pseudo-escénico. En este artículo se observará que la capilla se presta a una contextualización que depende de una serie de espacios inmersivos. Brota de un engranaje entre modos de entender la arquitectura, de practicar el espectáculo y de conceptualizar la emoción ante el mundo natural. El objetivo principal de esta aportación será seguir estos senderos que sugieren la centralidad del espectador, así como un momento álgido de innovación y dinamización de la tecnología espectacular.

Radiossondas, também chamadas de sondas atmosféricas, são muito utilizadas para a aquisição de diversas variáveis atmosféricas com finalidades desde previsão de tempo e, também, em segurança aeronáutica. Estas, porém, tem um custo elevado de aquisição por serem importadas. Por isso, neste trabalho será exposto o resultado de um lançamento de uma sonda desenvolvida utilizando materiais de baixo custo com resultados muito interessantes. A telemetria utilizada (comunicação via Morse e SDR) permitiu à comunicação a longa distância. Além disso, este projeto teve por objetivo fazer com que os alunos se envolvessem nas diversas etapas do projeto, desde o planejamento, construção, lançamento, recuperação e análise de dados meteorológicos obtidos.

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This article calls for closer attention to be paid to particular kinds of spaces, practices, and sensibilities that might best be explored through the prism of the analog. We argue that this is important, not only in accounting for wide-ranging analogic histories but also to capture how the allure of the analog and analogic practices have taken hold in present times amidst a climate emergency and ambitions for extra-planetary futures. We use "analog" broadly as a noun to refer to a space, practice, logic or sensibility that is comparable to, or seeking to reproduce another. An analog is, in other words, some kind of best approximation of something else, of other world(s) or conditions that enable different kinds of living where otherwise they may be impossible. Within this framework, the article traces analog geographies through time and space and makes three key interventions in the process. The first is to bring a range of literature within geography and the humanities into conversation to position analog geographies and provide a lens through which to think critically about humanity's relationship with the planet and about ideas of shelter in an ever more challenging climate. The second intervention is to challenge the assumption that analogs solely serve the technological fantasies of elite actors. While analogs can (and often do) do this, we argue that they can also embody more hopeful and equitable engagements with the future. Finally, we call for further research into analog geographies and outline potential future directions that this might take. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El presente trabajo consiste en una investigación de tipo documental, enfocada en el desarrollo histórico de los refrigerantes, haciendo énfasis en los freones comerciales elaborados a base de cloro-flúor-carbonos (CFC), los cuales generaron el primer cuestionamiento como agotadores de la capa de ozono, fundamentado en el valioso aporte a la humanidad de Mario Molina y Sherwood Rowland, galardonados en 1995 con el Premio Nobel de Química, al demostrar al mundo los daños ocasionados en la capa de ozono y ser precursores en la solución, iniciada a partir del protocolo de Montreal. Adicionalmente, se expone el destino de los refrigerantes según estudios actuales. Gracias al trabajo realizado por Molina y Rowland al conjugar la relación entre la ciencia, la industria y la actividad diplomática, se alcanza a ver resultados que se traducen en beneficios transcendentales al planeta. El uso de la refrigeración continuará, pero deben seguir las investigaciones que aumenten el conocimiento en técnicas que no deterioren el ambiente, considerando así el ozono para la vida, para la preservación y vida futura.

Sauna bathing, the traditional form of Finnish sweat bathing, has been an inseparable part of Finnish culture and everyday life for thousands of years. Sauna culture has also played such a central role in Finnish diplomacy that the term sauna diplomacy has been coined to describe this intimate relationship. There has been little academic research on sauna diplomacy to date, however. Considering this research gap, this study presents the author's personal experience in the Finnish Foreign Service, as well as interviews with Finnish diplomats and guests of the Finnish embassy sauna in Ankara, Turkey, as illustrations of Finnish sauna diplomacy as a site and form of diplomatic sociability. Through the lens of assemblage theory, it is argued that affective atmospheres of sauna diplomacy are engineered through the coconstitution of human and nonhuman elements, that this process of assembling creates spaces of intimate social interaction that may be manipulated for diplomatic ends, and that there are disconnections and limitations that should be addressed to create more inclusive diplomatic (sauna) spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ruling of the Superior Court of Justice of Navarra on December 23, 2021 resolves an administrative appeal filed by an environmental organization against the administrative dismissal by silence of their request for the urgent adoption of an Air Quality Improvement Plan for ozone in the Ribera Navarra area. The Court concludes that the maximum pollution values have been exceeded and orders the regional administration to prepare and approve the plan. The Government of Navarra has accumulated a delay of over two years in the preparation, approval, and implementation of Air Quality Improvement Plans for the Ribera Navarra area. Ozone levels in the ambient air have exceeded the legally established objective values since 2011-2013, which puts the health of the inhabitants and the conservation of vegetation, crops, and ecosystems at risk. The ruling establishes that the Government of Navarra is obliged to prepare and approve the air quality plans for the Ribera Navarra area as soon as possible. [Extracted from the article]

Resumen A lo largo de las últimas dos décadas, y ante la creciente preocupación por el medio ambiente y el cambio climático, la arquitectura ha explorado las oportunidades abiertas por los campos de la termodinámica y la ecología. Centrándose en un enfoque cuantitativo, se ha echado mano de estas disciplinas para responder con rigor y precisión a este reto. Esta cuestión se ha abordado principalmente desde un punto de vista técnico, centrándose en cuantificar el rendimiento termodinámico de los edificios, pasando por alto los aspectos culturales aún cuando son igualmente importantes. Es por tanto importante que la arquitectura compense este enfoque técnico y cuantitativo con una perspectiva cualitativa, de modo que se aborden de manera integral cuestiones que hasta ahora han sido independientes como son el clima de un lugar, la atmósfera que se genera en el interior de un edificio o la vida cotidiana de sus usuarios. A diferencia de los enfoques paramétricos que han dominado la arquitectura termodinámica durante la última década, la revisión de la idea de tipología es una buena herramienta disciplinar para integrar el clima de un lugar con los patrones de la vida cotidiana de sus habitantes. Los tipos climáticos muestran de una manera explícita cómo la arquitectura puede interactuar entre el clima exterior y la forma en que las personas viven y socializan, ofreciendo el potencial para conectar la organización espacial y material de un edificio con el comportamiento de sus habitantes, uniendo los asuntos cuantitativos con los cualitativos. Este escrito recorre las ideas que fundamentan esta cuestión. Partiendo del campo de lo psicosomático y de situaciones y comportamientos cotidianos de sus habitantes, se explorará cómo las tipologías climáticas ofrecen un conocimiento disciplinar de interés para comprender las conexiones que existen entre la arquitectura, el clima y su uso y habitabilidad. Mediando entre lo técnico y lo cultural, este escrito aspira a aproximarse a una nueva idea de tipología que, integrando su estructura formal y material con los microclimas que induce y con el comportamiento de sus usuarios, supere el determinismo performativo para proponer una interacción abierta entre la arquitectura, la atmósfera y el cuerpo humano. Abstract During the last two decades, in the context of a growing awareness of the environment and climate change, architecture has explored the design opportunities opened up by the fields of thermodynamics and ecology. Focusing on the quantitative and performance-oriented approaches that have prevailed in recent years, architecture has explored new design potentials. However, this new sensibility has been approached primarily from a technical point of view and has focused on quantifying the thermodynamic performance of buildings, overlooking the equally important cultural aspects of this endeavor. Apart from this quantitative and technical approach, architecture needs to have a qualitative outlook if it is to address the connections that exist between the local climate of a given place, the effect of the spatial and material particularities of architecture on interior atmospheres, and the everyday lifestyles of its users. Contrary to the parametric approaches that have dominated thermodynamic architecture during the last decade, climatic typologies are a powerful tool in bridging the gulf that exists between a given local climate and specific everyday life patterns. Climatic typologies —both historical and contemporary— very explicitly show how architecture can determine the interaction between outdoor climate and the way people live and socialize, offering the opportunity to connect the spatial and material lineaments of architecture to the specific physiological and psychological behaviors of its users, bridging the gulf between the thermodynamic processes induced by architecture and the everyday behavior of its inhabitants. This essay presents the architectural ideas that ideologically ground the approach. Starting from human psychosomatic behavior and everyday behavioral situations, the essay will explore how climatic typologies, both historical and contemporary, offer disciplinary knowledge essentially to an understanding of the connections between architecture, climate, and living patterns. Mediating between the technical and the cultural, this essay seeks to redefine the idea of typology, conflating the formal and material structure of the architectural type, with the microclimates it elicits and the behavior of its users. Superseding performative determinism, it proposes an open interaction between architecture, atmosphere, and human body.

Atmospheric probes are widely used for the acquisition of various atmospheric variables with purposes from weather forecasting to aeronautical safety. These, however, have a high acquisition cost because they are imported. Therefore, in this work, the result of a launching of a probe developed using low-cost materials with very interesting results will be exposed. The telemetry technology used allowed for long-distance communication in a way. In addition, this project aimed to get students involved in the various stages of the project, from planning, construction, launch, recovery and analysis of meteorological data obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]