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This research aims to examine the emotional distances of the students studying at the Department of Exercise and Sports for the Disabled in Turkey towards disabled individuals. The general survey method was used for the study. The participants consisted of 188 students (78 women and 110 men). The study uses “The Scale of Emotional Distance towards the Other” and the personal information form created by the researchers. Descriptive statistics, normality distribution, and Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis, which are non-parametric tests, were used in the analysis of the data. The data obtained shows no statistically significant difference in the sub-dimensions of the scale according to the variables of gender, age, university, class, presence of a disabled person in the family, presence of a disabled person in the environment, and the presence of a disabled person in the However, a significant difference was found in favor of the students who preferred the department in the first place in the emotional distance sub-dimensions of the scale in the remote area, in the public area, and in the private area. The results reveal that the emotional distance of the participants towards the disabled individuals was low and the emotional distance of those who preferred the department in the first place was less than the other participants. In addition, activities, where pre-service teachers can interact socially with disabled individuals during their education, are recommended.

Bu çalışmada, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerinin öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutumları, ‘‘Öğretmenlik Mesleğine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği’’ ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma 2020 – 2021 eğitim öğretim yılında Muş ilinde Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı okullarda görev yapan 109 beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmeni ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda katılımcıların, mesleklerine yönelik tutumlarının olumlu düzeyde olduğu, medeni durum ve kıdem yılı ile öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu, fakat cinsiyet, kadro durumu ve çalışılan okul kademesi ile öğretmenlik mesleğine yönelik tutum arasında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilemediği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarından yola çıkarak, eğitim kurumlarında beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin iş yükleri ve rol karışıklıklarının giderilmesine, ayrıca evli ve kıdem yılı fazla olan öğretmenlerin mesleki tutumlarının yükseltilmesine yönelik çalışmaların yapılması gerektiği söylenebilir.

Determining which motivation source athletes have is important as it will ensure that correct and effective steps are taken to ensure success. The study focuses on examining the motivation of elite physically disabled athletes to participate in sports according to various variables. General survey model was used in the research. A total of 57 national athletes, including 16 arm wrestling, 13 swimming and 23 wheeled basketball athletes, participated in the study. The "Personal Information Form" developed by the researchers and the "Motivation of Participation in Sports for Persons with Disabilities Scale (MPSPDS)" developed by Demir et al. (2018) were used in the study. In the analysis of the data, besides descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U Test was used for paired comparisons and Kruskal Wallis H Test for multiple comparisons. In the findings obtained, it was found that there was a significant difference in motivation sources according to the variable of income and the second branch, but no significant difference was found according to the variables of gender, marital status, education level, branch, and time of disability. As a result, it was concluded that the physically disabled elite athletes, those who define their income level as medium in intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and those who have a secondary branch, have high motivation and show different characteristics from each other and cause them to be affected by different motivation sources.

Bu calisma Elazig Ili Genclik ve Spor Il Mudurlugu calisanlarinin, kaynastirma egitimine yonelik goruslerinin tespiti ve konuya iliskin cozum onerilerinin gelistirilmesine odaklanmistir. Katilimcilarin kaynastirma egitimine yonelik gorusleri, cinsiyet, mezun olunan program, egitim duzeyi, is pozisyonu, hizmet yili, brans ve ailede engelli birey olup olmama degiskenleri acilarindan karsilastirilmistir. Arastirmada, arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen ‘’Kisisel Bilgi Formu’’ ve Aksut, M., Battal, I. ve Yaldiz, F. (2005) tarafindan gelistirilen ‘Kaynastirma Egitimi Olcegi’’ kullanilmistir. Arastirmanin evrenini Elazig Ili Genclik Hizmetleri ve Spor Il Mudurlugu Calisan 75 (19 kadin-56 erkek) kisiden olusmaktadir. Verilerin hesaplanmasinda SPSS 20.0 paket program kullanilmistir. Verilerin analizinde frekans ve yuzde dagilimlari verilmistir. Degiskenlerin normal dagilima uygunluk gosterip gostermedigi Shapiro-Wilk testi ile test edilmis ve tum degiskenlerin normal dagilima uygunluk gostermedigi tespit edilmistir. Normal dagilima uygunluk gostermedigi tespit edilen degiskenlerin karsilastirmalari; 2 kategoriye sahip degiskenler icin Mann-Whitney U testi kullanilarak, 2’den cok kategoriye sahip degiskenler icin ise Kruskall Wallis testi kullanilarak gerceklestirilmistir. Elde edilen bulgularda is pozisyonu degiskeni acisindan anlamli farkliliga rastlanirken, diger degiskenler acisindan anlamli bir farkliliga rastlanmamistir. Sonuc olarak spor merkezi calisanlarinin kaynastirma egitime iliskin goruslerinin calisilan is pozisyonuna gore farklilastigini soyleyebiliriz.

Bu araştırma, Türkiye Bedensel Engelliler Spor Federasyonu, Oturarak Voleybol oyuncularının özgüven düzeylerini tespit etmek amacına odaklanmıştır. Katılımcıların öz güven düzeylerini belirlemek için araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve Akın (2007) tarafından geliştirilen “Öz Güven Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada genel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma grubu, Türkiye Bedensel Engelliler Spor Federasyonu tarafında Alanya ilinde düzenlenen Bedensel Engelliler Oturarak Voleybol Müsabakalarına katılan genel toplamda 92 bedensel engelli sporcu içerisinden çalışmamıza gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden, 52’si erkek, 6’sı kadın olmak üzere genel toplamda 58 oturarak voleybol oyuncusundan oluşmuştur. Verilerin analizinde MannWhitney U ve Kruskal Wallis H testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre, kardeş sayısı, algılanan gelir düzeyi, lisans yaşı açılarından, oyuncuların öz güven düzeylerinin istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık oluşturmadığı tespit edilirken, katılımcıların cinsiyetleri ile iç özgüven düzeyleri ortalamaları arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Yine katılımcıların, cinsiyetleri ile dış özgüven düzeyleri ortalamaları arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların farklı bir spor branşı ile uğraşma durumu açısından faklı bir spor branşı ile uğraşanların iç öz güven düzeyleri, uğraşmayanlara oranla anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Buna karşın dış öz güven seviyelerinde anlamlı farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Ancak genel öz güven puanları açısından, farklı bir spor branşı ile uğraşan katılımcıların, genel öz güven düzeyi, farklı bir spor branşı ile uğraşmayanlara oranla anlamlı düzeyde farklılık göstermiştir (p

Araştırma beden eğitimi ve çocuk gelişimi öğrencilerininbilişsel esneklik düzeyleri ile kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik bakışaçısı arasındaki ilişkinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesiamacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Genel tarama yöntemi kullanılanaraştırmanın çalışma grubunu Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliğibölümü, Antrenörlük bölümü ve Çocuk Gelişimi bölümü 149 (99kadın, 50 erkek) öğrencilerden oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada,Aksüt ve ark. (2005) tarafından geliştirilen ‘’Kaynaştırma EğitimiAnketi’’, Gülüm ve Dağ (2012) Türkçe'ye uyarlanan ‘’BilişselEsneklik Envanteri’’ ve araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen‘’Kişisel Bilgi Formu’’ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerindeelde edilen bulgularda; yaş, cinsiyet, bölüm, ailede engelli bireybulunma durumu, özel eğitim stajı yapma durumu açısındananlamlı farklılık çıkmazken alan stajlarında kaynaştırma öğrencisiolma durumuna göre kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik bakışaçılarında anlamlı farklılık çıkmıştır. Bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri vekaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik bakış açısı arasındaki korelasyondaanlamlı bir farklılık çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak stajlarında kaynaştırmaöğrencisi bulunan öğrencilerin kaynaştırma eğitimine yönelik bakışaçılarının olumlu olduğu ve bu durumun bilişsel esneklik düzeyleriüzerine de olumlu etkisi olduğu ifade edilebilir. The research was conducted to examine the relationship between the cognitive flexibility levels of physical education and child development students and their perspectives on inclusive education in terms of some variables. The research sample consisted of 149 (99 female, 50 male) students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teaching, the Department of Coaching Education, and Department of Child Development; and general survey method was used in the research. “Inclusive Education Survey,” developed by Aksüt et al. (2005), “Cognitive Flexibility Inventory,” adapted into Turkish by Gülüm and Dağ (2012), and “Personal Information Form,” developed by the researchers, were used in the study. According to the findings of the study, while no significant difference was found in the perspectives on inclusive education in terms of age, gender, department, having a disabled family member, and having internship experience in special education, a significant difference was detected according to the existence of inclusion students in the field internships. A significant difference was found in the correlation between the cognitive flexibility levels and the perspectives on inclusive education. In conclusion, it can be stated that the students who had inclusion students in their internships had positive perspectives on inclusive education, and this had a positive effect on cognitive flexibility levels.

Bu araştırma, 2008-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye’de Spor Bilimi alanında işitme engelli bireylere yönelik yapılan tez ve makale çalışmaların çeşitli açılardan incelemesi amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ulaşılan 8 doktora tezi, 21 yüksek lisans tezi, 31 makale çalışması araştırmaya dAhil edilmiştir. Araştırmada doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalar, yıl, yöntem, örneklem türü, örneklem büyüklüğü, veri toplama araçları değişkenleri açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin sunulmasında içerik analizi yöntemi ve SPSS-17 programı kullanılarak frekans, yüzde hesaplaması yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, 2008-2018 yılları arasında yapılan toplam da 60 bilimsel çalışmanın on yıllık süre içinde yeterli sayıda olmadığı ve belirli yıllarda daha çok yapıldığı, yöntemsel olarak nicel yöntemlerin, örneklem büyüklüğünde 100 ve daha az katılımcı ile yapılan çalışmaların, veri toplama araçlarına göre ise ölçek/envanterin daha çok tercih edildiği, örneklem türüne göre ise yapılan çalışmalarda çoğunlukla işitme engelli öğrenciler ile gerçekleştirildiği belirlenmiştir. Bu manada işitme engelliler ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların sayısının artması, karma ve nitel çalışmaların daha çok tercih edilmesi alanın teorisine katkı sağlayacak biçimde olması gerektiği önerilebilir. This research was conducted to examine the dissertations, thesis, and academic articles carried out on deaf and hard of hearing individuals in the field of Sports Science in Turkey between the years 2008-2018 from various perspectives. 8 doctoral dissertations, 21 master’s thesis, and 31 academic articles were accessed and included in the study. Document review method was used in the study. The studies were examined in terms of variables of year, method, sample type, sample size, and data collection tools. In presenting the research data, frequency and percentage calculations were made using the content analysis method and SPSS-17 software. The research has concluded that 60 scientific studies, that were conducted between the years 2008-2018, were not adequate in the ten years period, they were carried out more in certain years; quantitative methods were preferred more regarding the methodology, the studies conducted with more than 0-100 participants were preferred more regarding the sample size, scale/inventory was preferred more regarding the data collection tools, and the studies were conducted mostly with deaf and hard of hearing students regarding the sample type. In this regard, it can be suggested that the number of studies to be conducted on deaf and hard of hearing individuals should be increased, mixed and qualitative studies should be preferred more, and further studies should be conducted in such a way that they contribute to the theory of the field.

This study aims to examine the sport participation motivation, loneliness and depression levels of students with specific learning disabilities in terms of some variables. Screening model used in the study. The research group is constituted by 85 students who had been diagnosed with Specific Learning disabilities in Special Education and Rehabilitation Centers in Kocaeli province. Personal information form prepared by the researchers and developed by Gill, Gross and Huddleston (1983), and the Turkish validity and reliability study was made by Oyar, Aşçı, Çelebi and Mülazımoğlu (2001)."Sport Participation Motivation Scale", developed by Kovacs (1980) and the validity and reliability of the Turkish version was made by Öy (1991). "Depression Scale for Children" and developed Ashler ve Wheller (1985) and the validity and reliability of the Turkish version was made by Kaya (2005) "Loneliness Scale for Children” were used as the data collection tools. The sports participation motives, depression and loneliness levels of the participants have been evaluated in terms of age, gender, natural / adoptive parents, family's economic status, father's occupational status, number of people in the family, number of siblings, family attitude and the state of doing sport. In the evaluation of the research data, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA test and correlation analysis were used. In the findings, sports participation motives of participants were significantly differ according to the gender, family attitudes and the status of doing sports. Also according to the age, in loneliness level, and according to the number of siblings in the levels of loneliness and depression, significant differences were found. As a result of the correlation, a positive relationship between depression and loneliness status of the participants was found. Thus, in children at the 9-14 age range with specific learning disability it was concluded that the family attitude, number of siblings and to do sports have an impact in a positive way on the loneliness, depression and sports participation.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2018-2019 yılı Gençlik ve spor il müdürlüğü çalışanlarının zihinsel engelli bireylerin sportif etkinliklerine yönelik tutum düzeyinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmada genel tarama yöntemi kullanılmış olup, veri toplama aracı olarak, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve İlhan, Esentürk ve Yarımkaya (2016) tarafından geliştirilen “Zihinsel Engelli Bireylerin Sportif Etkinliklerine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Bingöl Gençlik ve spor il müdürlüğü çalışanları 110 kişi, örneklem grubunu ise 70 (13 kadın, 57 erkek) oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizi SPSS17 programında yapılmıştır. Normallik dağılımı sonucunda verilerin normal dağılmadığı tespit edilmiş olup, değişkenler arasındaki farkı tespit etmek için ikili değişkenlerde Mann Whitney-U, üçlü değişkenler için Kruskal Wallis testi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda, katılımcıların yaş, ailede engeli birey olup olmama durumu, meslek yılı, mezun olunan bölüm, engelli bireyin spor faaliyetine tanık olma değişkenleri açısından anlamlı bir farklılık çıkmamıştır (p>0,05). Ancak, cinsiyet değişkeni açısından zihinsel engelli bireylerin sportif etkinliklerine yönelik tutum ölçeği olumlu tutum alt boyutunda ve spor yapma değişkeni açısından ise, genel tutum ve olumsuzu tutum alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık (p

Bu araştırmaTürkiye Görme Engelliler Yüzme Şampiyonasına katılan, görme engellisporcuların, spora özgü başarı motivasyon düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenleraçısından incelenmesine odaklanmıştır. Katılımcıların spora özgü başarımotivasyonlarının belirlenmesinde, araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen“Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile Wills tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe’ye uyarlaması1997 yılında Tiryaki ve Gödelek tarafından yapılan “Spora Özgü BaşarıMotivasyonu” ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Türkiye GörmeEngelliler Federasyonu tarafından 2017 yılında, Alanya ilinde gerçekleştirilen TürkiyeGörme Engelliler Yüzme Şampiyonası’na katılan, toplamda 94 (35 kadın, 59 erkek)görme engelli sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubunu ise, çalışmamıza gönüllükatılan, toplamda 74 (27 kadın, 47 erkek) sporcu oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri SPSS 22.0 istatistikprogramında analiz edilmiştir. Normallik sınaması testine göre; Sporda başarımotivasyon ölçeği toplam puan, başarıya yaklaşma ve güç gösterme güdüsü altboyutu toplam puanı normal dağılım göstermiştir (p>0,005), başarısızlıktankaçma alt boyutu toplam puanı ise, normal dağılım göstermemiştir (p, This researchis focused on examining the levels of motivation for success of visuallyimpaired athletes participating in Turkish Visually Impaired SwimmingChampionship in terms of various variables. The "Personal InformationForm" developed by researchers and "Sports Specific Motivation forSuccess" scale developed by Wills and adapted into Turkish by Tiryaki andGödelek in 1997 were used to determine participants' sports specific motivationfor success. Participants' sport specific motivation levels for success werecompared in terms of age, gender, education and perceived economic status,sports year, and time of disability. The target group of the research consistedof a total of visually impaired 94 athletes, (35 women and 59 men)participating in the "Turkish Visually Impaired SwimmingChampionship" organized by the Visually Impaired Federation in Turkey in2017, in the province of Alanya. The sample group consisted of 74 participantsin total, (27 women and 47 men) participating voluntarily. Data obtained fromthe study were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 statistical packaged software. Findingswere obtained by applying Anova to data with normal distribution, and applyingMann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests to data without normal distribution (p

Bu araştırma, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenleri ile sınıf öğretmenlerinin eğitsel oyun oynatma öz yeterliliklerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada genel tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu, Van merkezde görev yapan 314 öğretmen (sınıf öğretmeni 159, beden eğitimi öğretmeni 155) oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında, Altınkök ve Yılmaz tarafından (2018) geliştirilen ‘Eğitsel Oyun Oynatma Özyeterlilik Ölçeği’ kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde KolmagorovSmirnov ve Shapiro-Wilk testlerinde normal dağılım göstermediğinden ikili değişkenler için Mann Whitney U, üçlü değişkenler için Kruskall Wallis testi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda, yaş, branş, çalışılan kademe, oyun oynamayı tercih ettiği yer değişkenleri açısından planlama alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, uygulama ve değerlendirme alt boyutlarında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Cinsiyet, meslek yılı, spor salonu olma durumu değişkenleri açısından anlamlı farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Katılımcıların tercih ettikleri oyun türü değişkenine göre, uygulama alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, planlama ve değerlendirme alt boyutları açısından anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Oyun sonrası kendilerini değerlendirme değişkeni açısından ise planlama ve değerlendirme alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilirken, uygulama alt boyutunda anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenleri ve sınıf öğretmenlerinin eğitsel oyun oynatma yeterliliklerinde planlama, uygulama ve değerlendirme aşamalarında eksikliklerinin olduğu, bu eksikliklerin beden eğitimi ve spor öğretmenlerin de daha fazla görüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Bu manada hizmet içi kurslarla öğretenlerin gelişimlerinin desteklenmesi önerilebilir. This research was conducted aiming at examining the educational game management self-sufficiency levels of the physical education and sports teachers and primary school teachers in terms of certain variables. The general survey method was used in the study. The sample group of the study was comprised of 314 teachers (159 primary school teachers, 155 physical education and sports teachers) working in the Van city center. The ‘Educative Game Management Self-Sufficiency Scale’ developed by Altınkök and Yılmaz (2018) was used in the data collection. Since the data did not demonstrate a normal distribution in the analysis through the Kolmagorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, the Mann Whitney-U test was employed for the paired comparisons and the Kruskal Wallis test was conducted for the triple comparisons. According to the findings, it was determined that there was statistically significant difference in the general average and planning sub-dimensions concerning the age, branch, working level, and the preferred game location variables; however, it was also determined that there was statistically no significant difference concerning the implementation and evaluation sub-dimensions. Similarly, it was determined that there was statistically no significant difference in the general average, planning, and evaluation sub-dimensions concerning the gender, working experience, existence of a sports hall, and game preferences variables; however, there was a statistically significant difference in the implementation subdimension. As per the post-game self-evaluation variable, there was a statistical significance in the general average and three sub-dimensions. As the conclusion, it was determined that there were deficiencies in the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages in game management self-sufficiency levels of the physical education and sports teachers and primary school teachers; it was also determined that the physical education and sports teachers had more deficiencies compared to the primary school teachers. In this context, it can be suggested that the developments of teachers can be supported through the in-service trainings.

The aim of this study is to determine the metaphoric perceptions of physically disabled and hearing impaired athletes concerning their branches and concepts about these branches. In this context, the sample of the study was comprised of 20 physically disabled and hearing impaired athletes playing in the basketball and football teams in Muş province. In the form that was prepared for data collection, the participants were asked to answer certain statements such as “Basketball/football is like … Because, …”, “Field/court is like … Because, …”, “Basketball/football (the ball) is like … Because, …”, “Playing basketball/football is like … Because, …”, etc. The obtained data were transferred to the SPSS program, and frequency and percentage analyses were conducted. As the conclusion, it was determined that the sports branches of physically disabled and hearing impaired athletes were the focal points of their lives, and they perceived them as the requirements for their lives. In this respect, it is considered that the results of this study are significant since it suggests encouraging disabled individuals to sports, helping them participate in sports, providing support, and promoting the disabled sports.

Nowadays, nature which is almost forgotten or almost unknown by the new generation with technology and constructions is a value that should be given importance to increase awareness. As it’s known, it is extremely important for students to be active in outdoor activities at their leisure time in terms of their development. From this point of view, the idea is to create awareness by directing students to outdoor activities. This study was aimed to examine within Erikson's theory of psychosocial development the opinions of students about their expectations and experiences before and after nature camp. Before the camp, opinions were taken of students' expectations and after the camp were taken students' experiences. In this context, the students who participated in the camp were made preliminary interviews before the camp and final interviews after the camp using the case study design. The study group of the research is composed of 41 students who study in the 4th grade in a private elementary school in the academic year 2014-2015. Camping in Egriova National Park in Ankara in Turkey was held as a weekend activity outside school time. According to convenience sampling method was selected nine students (seven boys and two girls) for the sample. Individual interviews were conducted with the semi-structured interview form to obtain information about the expectations and experiences of the students. The obtained data were analyzed by content analysis method. In line with the opinions of the participants, a total of six main themes were formed before the camp and after the camp. Main themes of preliminary interviews are three themes: psychosocial expectation, activity ability expectation and expectation about the environment. Main themes of final interviews are three themes: psychosocial outcomes, activity ability outcomes and outcomes about the environment. Fifteen sub-themes and various codes for this main theme have been identified. In this study, it was observed that the students who expressed their expectations before from the camp were met their expectations positively at the end of the camp. By making a significant contribution to the psychosocial development of children's camping experience, it has enabled children to learn about camping and to experience it. After nature camp, students expressed the awareness that physical activity in nature is more fun than playing video games and they can also spend time without a tablet or a computer. The support of children in the industry versus inferiority has led them to develop their competence, to become aware of themselves and to increase their self-esteem. Within Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, these activities which were promoted and guided to increase children's sense of achievement, have been positive results with the feedback from the students.

This study was conducted in order to compare loneliness and social skill levels of children with specific learning disabilities in terms of participation in sports. For this study, a screening model was used. The study group was composed of 56 children who were aged between 7 and 14 years and diagnosed with a specific learning disability (30 boys and 26 girls). “Personal Information Form”, “Children’s Loneliness Scale”, “Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY)” were used in this study. For the data processes and data analyses, SPSS 22 was used. According to the test of normality, non-parametric tests were employed for those data that did not follow a normal distribution and the correlations among variables were tested with correlation analysis at p < 0.05 while differences among variables were tested with Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests at p < 0.05. According to the findings obtained in this study, there were no significant differences in terms of sex, the number of family members and the number of brothers and sisters while there were significant correlations in terms of age, sports status, MESSY-subscales and loneliness. In sum, it may be concluded that sports played a positive role in social skill and loneliness levels among children with specific learning disabilities. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

The aim of this study was to examine the influences of physical education and play practices on the school social behavior of mild-level intellectually disabled children. The quantitative research methods used were based on the pre-test, post-test, post-test-retention control group model and the general screening model. A simple random sampling type was used when constructing the sample group. To determine school social behavior, the School Social Behavior Scale (SSBS) was used. Physical education and play lessons were applied for two hours per week for 24 weeks with the purpose of obtaining data from these scales when applied to participants. The study sample group included 20 mild-level intellectually disabled children (14 boys, 6 girls), aged seven to nine years, who were trained at the Special Education and Rehabilitation Center that serves the County of Kocaeli, in the district of Izmit, Turkey. According to the results of the SSBS, we found a statistically significant difference (p &lt, 0.05) between the social competence of present persons&rsquo, interpersonal relations, self-control, and academic skills, and the aggressive-nervous persons in the sub-dimensions of negative social behaviors, in favor of the test group. However, no significant difference (p &gt, 0.05) in the antisocial-aggressive and destructive-demanding sub-dimensions was observed. We found that 24-week physical education and playing practices applied to mild-level intellectually disabled children had effects on children&rsquo, s school social behavior.

This study considers impact of game actions and flexibility on lower extremity joint-gap. Conventional approach to physical training and sports applications, game and flexibility methods is used. The researchers had district Kocaeli Province, Izmit Fizomer Physics Treatment and Rehabilitation Medical Center for Spastic type stored in diagnosing cerebral palsy with 10 children for 16 weeks, treatment centre was perfect for the training days and families with permission came out of treatment sessions. A physiotherapist had a session of 20 minutes, 30 minutes flexibility wiTheach individual, moving from one child to the other, using a conventional approach and lower extremity games. The joint width measurement data collection tool, with Universal Goniometer Kendall McCreary rating system was used. Wilcoxon test was used to assess data. In conclusion, (p> 0.05) significance was found in right hip flexion and extension, left hip flexion and extension and left knee flexion and extension. However, there was no significance found in the right knee flexion and extension (p> 0.05). Positive effects were seen as a result of applying the program on joint range of motion. Therefore, in addition to physical treatment given to the children, special rehabilitation education and game lesson module in rehabilitation institutions are recommended. © Kamla-Raj 2017.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the self-esteem and the social value size of national youth judo team athletes. Data were collected by Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory adapted to Turkish by Özoğlu (1988) and Multidimensional Social Values Scale developed by Yavuz Bolat (2013) with a questionnaire developed by the researchers to gather personal information. Working group of the research consist of Turkish youths (15-19 years old) are struggling in national judo team between 2015-2016 year in a total 118 athletes including 58 women and 60 men. Data were analysed by using SPSS 20 statistical programme, with oneway anova test. Results showed that there is a positive relation between the selfesteem and the social value size that family values, religious values, traditional values, scientific values but political values have not found a significant relationship between self-esteem. As a result of that social value perceptions effect on self-esteem levels of young national judoka and that correlates positively with each other. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı genç milli judo takım sporcularının sahip oldukları sosyal değer boyutları ile özsaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Katılımcıların sosyal değer boyutlarının ve özsaygı düzeylerini belirlemek için araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Coopersmith (1959) tarafından geliştirilen, ülkemizde Özoğlu (1988) tarafından geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması yapılan ‘Benlik Saygısı Envanteri (Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory) ve Yavuz Bolat (2013) tarafından geliştirilen Çok Boyutlu Sosyal Değerler Ölçeği (Multidimensional Social Values Scale ) uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2015-2016 yılları arasında Türk genç (15-19 yaş arası) milli judo takımında mücadele eden 58 kadın 60 erkek olmak üzere toplam 118 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri SPSS 20 istatistik programı kullanılarak, çözümlemeler için oneway anova testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgularda sosyal değer boyutları olan aile değerleri, dini değerler, geleneksel değerler, bilimsel değerler ve çalışma değerleri ile özsaygı düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanırken siyasi değerler ve boyutu ile özsaygı arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak genç milli judocularda sosyal değer algılarının özsaygı seviyeleri üzerine etkisinin olduğu ve birbirleri ile pozitif yönde paralellik gösterdiği söylenebilir.

The aim of this study is to determine the state-trait anxiety level of the families who have children with mental disabilities in Kocaeli and Canakkale, whose children are diagnosed as mentally retarded. And also, It has been done to search whether there are any differences between the state-trait anxiety level of the families or not. It has been done a quasi-experimental field application in the study. Research sample has been consisted of total 99 families who live in Kocaeli (n=50) and Canakkale (n=49) and have children with metal disabilities in the age of primary and secondary school. Those are determined as 85 of mother and 14 of father. In the study, random scanning method has been used. After they are informed, the state-trait anxiety scale, which is advanced by Spielberg and his friends (1970) and translated into Turkish by Oner and Le Compte (1974-1977), has been carried out by the families included the research sample. In the evaluation process of data, t test, One-Way ANOVA and chi square tests have been used. The differences of anxiety level between ages, genders and occupational clusters have been taken into consideration during the research. As a result of research, it has not been found out considerable differences in the comparison of genders and occupational clusters. While it has not been found out considerable differences of the state anxiety level in the comparison between ages, it has been found out considerable differences the trait anxiety level. Consequently, a meaningful correlation has been determined between the state-trait anxiety level of families having children with mental disabilities and ages, education, level of income, gender of children with mental disabilities. That the institutions, where children can be treated and educated, are augmented and parenting education and individual consultancy service are provided to the parents has been thought to reduce the state-trait anxiety feelings.

The current study focused on exploring attitudes towards sportive activities of mentally disabled individuals shown by the 1st and 4th year candidate teachers who studied at teaching departments of Education Faculty and Sports Sciences Faculty of Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University during 2015-2016 academic year. In the study; a general survey model was used. “Personal Information Form” designed by the researchers and “Attitude Scale of Individuals Having Mental Disabilities towards Sports Activities (ASIHMDSA)” designed by İlhan, Esentürk and Yarımkaya (2016) were administered to the participants. Attitudinal levels of the participants were compared in relation to sex, academic grade, presence of a disabled member in the family, witnessing sportive activities of the disabled and receiving sports education for the disabled during their education. Sample of the study was consisted of a total of 560 candidate teachers who volunteered to join the study (336 female candidate teachers and 224 male candidate teachers). Mann-Whitney U was used for data analyses. As far as the study-findings were concerned, there were no statistically significant differences in participants’ level of attitudes towards sportive activities of mentally disabled individuals in terms of sex, witnessing sportive activities of the disabled, presence of a disabled member in the family and academic grades (P>0.05). However, in the comparisons statistically significant differences were found in terms of receiving sports education for the disabled during their education and faculty types (P0,05). Buna karşılık, eğitimleri içerisinde, engellilere yönelik spor eğitimi alma değişkeni ve öğrenim gördükleri fakülteler açısından yapılan karşılaştırmada, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde farklılık tespit edilmiştir (P

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the motor acquisitions placed in pre-school education program on the psychomotor development of 5 year-olds group children. In 2014-2015 school year, pre-school 5 year-old sex perimental group (n=55), control group (n=45) totally 100 children participated in. In order to measure the motor performances of control and experiment groups, the motor performance test protocol that, as pre-test, Morris, Atwater Williams and Will more performed in 1980 wasused. While the program of “Educational Play Activity Towards The Acquisitions About The Motor Development Placed in The Ministry of National Education Pre-School Program” wasapplied for the experimental group as 40 minutes for 2 days in a week for 8 weeks, Physical Activity wasappliedfor Control group as 10 minutes foreverymorning and 5 days in a week. The difference between pre-test and post-test was analysed by Paired-Samples t-test. The Differences between experimental group and control group were analysed by independent-Samples t-Test. The pre-test values of the experimental and control groups in the investigation were analysed by Independent Samples t-Test. The difference between control and experimental groups accordingto the analysis results of Promptness, Long Jump by Standingand Throwing Tennis Ball tests wasn’t found important statistically (p>0,05). Accordingto the analysis results of Balance, Speedand Catchingtests, significant difference was found statistically between the control andexperi mental group (p0.05). The difference between pre-test and post-test belongingto experimental group was analysed by paired t-test. The difference among Promptness, Long Jump by Standing, Stand In Balance On OneFoot, Throwing Tennis Ball, Sprint and Catchingtests was foundsignificant statistically (p