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Background This study aims to develop a vulnerability map for Surabaya using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to assess the city’s vulnerability to COVID-19. Methods Six key factors influencing vulnerability were identified and their relative importance determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) pairwise comparison matrix. GIS was utilized to classify Surabaya’s vulnerability into five levels: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. Results The resulting vulnerability map provides essential insights for decision-makers, healthcare professionals, and disaster management teams. It enables strategic resource allocation, targeted interventions, and formulation of comprehensive response strategies tailored to specific needs of vulnerable districts. Conclusions Through these measures, Surabaya can enhance its resilience and preparedness, ensuring the well-being of its residents in the face of potential emergency outbreaks.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 mutation in the bodies of COVID-19 patients is a critical factor for health. Notably, in October 2022, the disease recovery rate in Sidoarjo (96.05%) was lower than the national rate (97.30%). Purpose: This study aims to identify the recovery time and its influencing factors in COVID-19 patients in Sidoarjo. Methods: The life-table method was used to conduct a survival analysis on data from the NAR COVID-19 dashboard in Sidoarjo from January 3 to August 4, 2022, which involved 20,662 respondents. Age group, sex, treatment status, and testing purpose were analyzed. Results: The majority of COVID-19 patients were females (50.30%) aged 26-

Background: Diarrhea in children under two is still a severe problem in Indonesia, affecting achieving SDG target 3. Providing good care will reduce the risk of death in children caused by diarrhea. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, place of residence, and access to media in mothers with children under two years old and diarrhea management in children in Indonesia. Methods: This study used secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Health Demographic Survey (DHS) with a cross-sectional study design. Analyzed were the responses of 1,061 mothers whose children under two had diarrhea in the two weeks before the survey. Samples were taken using two-stage sampling methods. The data were analyzed by chi-square and multiple logistic regression. Multiple logistic regression was adjusted for the complex sampling designs of DHS for data analysis. Results: 59.50% of children received inappropriate treatment. Older mothers (AOR 20–24 = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.03–3.98) who lived in rural areas (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.03–1.94), had access to several media (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.01–4.10), and all media (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.07–4.64), had higher odds of having a child whose diarrhea treatment was not appropriate after controlling for other variables. Conclusion: Mothers' age, residence, and access to media have a significant relationship with inappropriate diarrhea care for their children. Therefore, interventions need to focus on women who live in rural areas and have access to the media.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can infect the human respiratory system and causes 6.93% of all deaths in East Java Province. Comorbid diabetes mellitus and hypertension can exacerbate COVID-19 patients. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship between diabetes mellitus and hypertension with mortality in COVID-19 Patients in Lamongan District. Methods: This study used an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population was patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and registered at Lamongan District Health Office from April to August 2020, as many as 412 patients. The study sample was 93 patients who were taken by simple random sampling. The dependent variable in the study was the incident of mortality in COVID-19 patients. The independent variables in the study were gender, age, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Data analysis was using the chi-square test. Results: The variables studied that had a relationship with mortality in COVID-19 patients were age ≥ 60 years (p = 0.02; PR = 3.23; 95% CI = 1.29

The exosome is a nano-sized vesicular particle commonly secreted from eukaryotic cells to extracellular space. Exosome functions in cellular communication, nutrients or bioactive compounds delivery, and cellular immunity. It is believed that plant-derived exosome-like particle (PDEN) potential to deliver nano-bioactive compounds to the human body. As Indonesia is one of the herbal centers of the world, we are encouraged to develop natural richness for human welfare. The study aimed to verify various methods to isolate exosomes from the fresh ginger rhizome and quina cells and examine the ginger PDENs' capacity to internalize in vitro human cells. The PDENs isolation was carried out by centrifugation and precipitation. The particles were observed through a transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering, and particle size analysis. Differential ultracentrifugation combined with PEG6000 provided a better size range of particles. Nanoparticles tracking analysis performed the concentration of particles within a specific size range. Ginger and quina PDENs size ranged from 40-650 nm, and the concentration was 3.6 × 107 and 2.8 × 106, respectively. The PKH67-labelled ginger PDENs were taken up by human dermal fibroblast and human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells after 30 minutes and 21 hours. DPPH assays revealed that ginger PDENs have antioxidant activity, indicating the presence of some nano-molecules in those particles. This study would be the baseline for developing ginger PDENs as a functional food with nano-ingredients, or as an effective vehicle of nano-drug, for human health.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder caused by uncommon occurrences such as threats or catastrophic events. Women are particularly susceptible to developing PTSD, as they have a range of threat perceptions. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of PTSD on women survivor of the earthquake in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district of Central Sulawesi. Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted using a cross-sectional design. The population for this study were housewives who have been displaced by the earthquake and are currently residing in temporary shelters (Huntara) in a village located in the Sigi Biromaru sub-district. The instrument used in this study was the PTSD measurement questionnaire sheet. It was conducted from March to April 2020 and included a total of 115 participants. Univariate analysis was used to determine the respondents’ characteristics, including their age, education, occupation, income, and a description of the PTSD condition. Results: The results show that the majority of respondents experienced severe PTSD (70.43%). Most of the respondents (35.65%) were between the ages of 37 and 46, were senior high school graduates (40%), were unemployed (74%), and had earnings of < 2,500,000 (85.22%). Three variables that affect PTSD are education with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05, job/occupation with a p-value of 0.02 < 0.05, and income with a p-value of 0.03 < 0.05. Conclusion: Women who are elderly, have a low level of education, are unemployed, and have low income are more vulnerable to experiencing PTSD.

Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) masih terus menjadi endemik di berbagai wilayah di dunia, termasuk di India, penilaian klinis, pengujian, pelacakan kontak, konfirmasi diagnosis dengan rejimen pengobatan yang diawas. Pemberantasan yang efektif menjadi salah satu penyakit yang penanggulangannya menjadi komitmen global dalam SDGs. Menunjang keberhasilan program penanggulangan TB diperlukan adanya data epidemiologi penyakit TB yang dapat diperoleh melalui kegiatan surveilans epidemiologi TB. Tujuan: mengetahui gambaran dan evaluasi komponen system dan atribut surveilans TB di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Blitar tahun 2018. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan rancang studi evaluasi. Evaluasi sistem surveilans di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Blitar di lakukan dari April – Juni 2018 dan data. Evaluasi system surveilans program TB dilakukan dengan wawancara untuk memperoleh informasi. Hasil: Berdasarkan komponen sistem surveilans diperoleh bahwa Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan petugas kesehatan dianggap mudah mulai dari alur pengumpulan data, pengisian formulir hingga alur pelaporan walaupun dalam pengiriman laporan masih ada Puskesmas yang terlambat dalam proses pengiriman ke aplikasi SITT. Proses analisis hanya dilakukan ditingkat Dinas Kesehatan, sedangkan ditingkat Puskesmas tidak dilakukan analisis. Pada komponen output, umpan balik yang dilakukan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten adalah dengan melakukan monitoring mengenai pengumpulan data serta pengiriman laporan melalui aplikasi Whatssapp dan melakukan miniloka setiap 3 bulan.Kesimpulan: Sistem surveilans TB di Kabupaten Blitar masih memerlukan perbaikan dalam pelaksanaannya dalam hal pengumpulan data, analisis data, ketersediaan pedoman surveilans TB hingga pengetahuan petugas terkait dengan surveilans TB.

Background: The earthquake that hit the Jailolo sub-district in 2015 caused massive damage and loss. This catastrophic event affected not only impacted the local government's economy but also affected many communities, households and individuals living in these communities. Purpose: Aim of this study is to assess the economic resilience of communities in the Jailolo sub-district in response to earthquakes. Methods: This research was based on a descriptive observational study and employed a survey method to assess the economic resilience of communities in the Jailolo sub-district. The study was conducted in five villages, namely Tedeng, Payo, Saria, Matui, and Buku Maadu. The cut-off point for each indicator was classified as very high criteria (>1.05), high (0.95–1.05), moderate (0.85–0.94), low (0.74–0.84), and very low (≤0.73). Results: The proportion of community home ownership was found to be 100% (Resilience Factor Index (RFI)=1.67). The proportion of community work was 33.75% (RFI=0.68). The proportion of dual-income sources of communities in the Jailolo sub-district was 50.89% (RFI=1.02). The proportion of community income that exceeded the provincial minimum wage (PMW) was 8.71% (RFI=0.10). Based on the results of these indicators, the economic resilience of people in the Jailolo sub-district, which was obtained by considering the average RFI of each indicator, was 0.86. Conclusion: Community economic resilience in the Jailolo sub-district was found to be in the medium category. The highest and lowest resilience factors resulted from home ownership and income, respectively.

The 2007 Basic Health Survey shows the highest number of deaths in Indonesia rural and urban areas was caused by stroke. In 2007-2013, the stroke prevalence in productive age increased up to 22‰. Stroke that attacks productive age can impair individual’s ability to do activities, and thus they might have family financial constraint. Disabilities can be prevented and minimized if patients utilize a golden period of an ischemic stroke. This study identified the utilization of golden period of ischemic stroke in patients and analyzed causes of delayed patient admission to the Neurology Clinic of Sidoarjo Hospital. This study was a descriptive study conducted to 39 post-stroke ischemic patients in productive ages under further therapy at the Neurology Clinic of Sidoarjo Hospital in 2016. The data were collected through interview from January-February 2017. The results present 62% of stroke ischemic patients utilized the golden period of a ischemic stroke. The average respondents' admission took 29.87±47.46 hours after patients experienced first stroke ischemic attacks (ranging from 1-168 hours). The respondents were admitted to the hospital late or >4.5 hours after the stroke attacks because most of them did not know stroke signs and symptoms. Therefore, hospitals or health care providers have to provide counseling service to patients and family members about stroke signs and symptoms, as well as the importance of early admission for treatment as soon as patient gets the first stroke attack. Keywords: utilization of the golden period, ischemic stroke, productive age.

Background: Due to a lack of evidence from large-scale epidemiological studies by far on this issue, whether there is a link between Angelica sinensis exposure and breast cancer risk remained inconclusive. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance claim data, in which all breast cancer patients newly diagnosed between 2005 and 2008 were employed as the case group (n = 34,262) and a random sample of non-breast cancer individuals selected from 1-million beneficiaries registered in 2005 was served as the control group. For fair comparability, we employed the time density sampling method to select controls who were matched to case on date of breast cancer diagnosis and age with a case/control ratio of 1/3 (n = 102,786). Results: We found that the use of Angelica sinensis presents a weakly but significantly protective effect on breast cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–0.98), with a significant dose-gradient relationship. We also noted a stronger association with breast cancer with initial use of Angelica sinensis at a longer time before breast cancer diagnosis, and found that the seemingly protective effect of Angelica sinensis was more obvious among women who had initial use at 47–55 years (aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.98). Conclusion: This population-based case-control study revealed that exposure to Angelica sinensis showed a weakly but significantly protective effect on breast cancer risk, which could ease people’s concern over the potential carcinogenic effect from exposure to Angelica sinensis.

Few effective therapies for cartilage repair have been found as cartilage has a low regenerative capacity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are produced by cells and contain bioactive components such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other metabolites that have potential for treating cartilage injuries. Challenges like the difficulty in standardizing targeted therapy have prevented EVs from being used frequently as a treatment option. In this review we present current studies, mechanisms and delivery strategies of EVs. Additionally, we describe the challenges and future directions of EVs as therapeutic agents for cartilage repair.

In dentistry, problems of craniofacial, osteochondral, periodontal tissue, nerve, pulp or endodontics injuries, and osteoarthritis need regenerative therapy. The use of stem cells in dental tissue engineering pays a lot of increased attention, but there are challenges for its clinical applications. Therefore, cell-free-based tissue engineering using exosomes isolated from stem cells is regarded an alternative approach in regenerative dentistry. However, practical use of exosome is restricted by limited secretion capability of cells. For future regenerative treatment with exosomes, efficient strategies for large-scale clinical applications are being studied, including the use of ceramics-based scaffold to enhance exosome production and secretion which can resolve limited exosome secretory from the cells when compared with the existing methods available. Indeed, more research needs to be done on these strategies going forward.

Background: Indonesia Ministry of Health in October 2017 obtained information from the Public Health Emergency Operation Center (PHEOC) that there allegations of noma case in a toddler from the Korowai tribe in Asmat District. Purpose: This study aims to describe the magnitude of the noma problem, identify risk factors, and find other noma cases for prevention and control. Methods: This was a descriptive study using a case study approach. Primary data was obtained from interviews with family or close relatives of patients to obtain information about patient identity, medical history, and risk factors. Measurement of nutritional status and oral health was done by measuring weight or height and checking their oral health. Secondary data was obtained from Asmat District health office (Dinkeskab Asmat) and Yaniruma Health Center. The data analyzed were geographical, demographic, socio-cultural, transportation, and communication condition. Results: Noma sufferer was a 5-years-old child who lived in Afimabul village. There was not other cases of Noma found in Korowai tribal community. A long distance to reach health services and no availability of communication tools to Korowai tribe in Afimabul village made them inaccessible. The results of the identification of risk factors in 46 children found that the majority of them had low oral hygiene (73.91%) and consumed uncooked water (80.43%). Besides, some had an index of thin body weight (15.22%), and very lean (6.52%), and also found the suspected measles. Conclusion: There was only one case found in the Asmat district. Moreover, there were still found Korowai children with thin and very lean nutritional status and suspected measles who are risk factors for noma.

Background: Stunting is a condition where the growth and development of a child fails during the first 1,000 days of life. The number of stunted children in Indonesia has increased from 35.60% in 2010 to 37.20% in 2013. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between immunisation status and stunting in children 2–5 years. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis with cross-sectional study design. The data used for this study were obtained from Indonesia Family Live Survey wave 5 (IFLS-5). IFLS-5 was conducted in 13 provinces from October 2014 until April 2015. The data were collected from 1,048 respondents aged 2–5 years in the IFLS-5 with completed age and height data. The observed variables were age, sex, immunisation status, history of infection, mother’s height, mother’s age during pregnancy, living area, and region. Results: This research shows that there is a relationship between immunisation status (p = 0.01; OR =1.78; 95% CI = 1.26 < OR < 2.52), mother’s height (p = 0.00; OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.00 < OR < 1.98) and stunting in children aged 2–5 years. Conclusion: Immunisation status and mother’s height are associated with stunting in children aged 2–5 years.

Background: Non-communicable diseases that become the main problem of public health today is one of them is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Lifestyle and behavior of someone plays an important role in CHD. Passive smokers who are exposed to cigarette smoke continuously for a long time can have a negative effect on heart health. Eating fruits and vegetables is a protective factor. That is, the more eating fruits and vegetables it will provide benefits as a protective factor for the heart. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of exposure to cigarette smoke and eating patterns on the incidence of CHD in reproductive age females who received ambulatory care at RSUD Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya. Methods: This was a case-control study. Samples were taken by simple random sampling. Number of cases were 41 women who diagnosed as CHD. The ratio of case and control was 1:1. Data analysis used multiple logistic regression test. Results: exposure to cigarette smoke and diet associated with CHD events in women of reproductive age with p values of 0.03 and 0.00 respectively. Women who were exposed to cigarette smoke with weight category had an 11.78 times risk of developing CHD (OR=11.78), while those with less vegetable and fruit consumption had a risk of 5.03 times having CAD than the consumption of vegetables and fruits (OR= 5. 03). Conclusion: severe exposure to tobacco smoke and lack of consumption of vegetables and fruits affect the incidence of CHD in childbearing females in RSUD Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya. Based on that, optimalization of non-smoking area regulation is needed. And, the women in productive ages need consume lots of vegetables and fruits. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Penyakit tidak menular yang menjadi masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat saat ini salah satunya adalah Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Gaya hidup dan tingkah laku seseorang memegang peranan penting dalam PJK. Perokok pasif yang terpapar asap rokok secara terus-menerus dalam jangka waktu lama dapat memberi pengaruh negatif pada kesehatan jantung. Makan buah dan sayur merupakan faktor protektif. Artinya, semakin banyak mengonsumsi buah dan sayur maka akan memberikan manfaat sebagai faktor protektif bagi jantung. Tujuan: penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara paparan asap rokok dan pola makan dengan kejadian PJK pada perempuan usia produktif yang mendapatkan perawatan ambulatori di RSUD Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kasus kontrol. Sample diambil dengan simple random sampling. Jumlah kasus adalah 41 perempuan yang didiagnosa menderita PJK. Rasio kasus dan kontrol adalah 1 : 1. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda. Hasil: paparan asap rokok serta konsumsi sayur dan buah berhubungan dengan kejadian PJK pada perempuan usia produktif dengan nilai p berturut-turut sebesar 0,03 dan 0,00. Perempuan yang terpapar asap rokok dengan kategori berat berisiko 11,78 kali untuk mengalami PJK (OR=11,78), sedangkan yang kurang konsumsi sayur dan buah memiliki risiko 5,03 kali mengalami PJK dibanding yang cukup konsumsi sayur dan buah (OR=5,03). Kesimpulan: paparan asap rokok yang berat serta kurang konsumsi sayur dan buah berhubungan dengan kejadian PJK pada perempuan usia produktif di RSUD Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, optimalisasi regulasi area bebas rokok sangat dibutuhkan. Dan, perempuan usia produktif perlu banyak mengkonsumsi sayur dan buah.

Immunization is an effort to boost the immunity of someone actively against a disease, so when exposed to the disease will not get sick or only experience a mild ache. The main goal of immunization is to lower of pain, disability and death due to diseases that can be prevented by Immunization (PD3I). To achieve these objectives it must achieve coverage of the basic immunization of 91%. The achievement of basic immunization at the Gayam health center does not meet the target. One of the causes is not achieving the target because of the mother foctor in immunizated his son. This study was conducted to describe and analyze the relationship factors of mother in the achievement of basic immunization in region work of Gayam health center Sumenep regency. This study use cross sectional design. The subject were taken from a population by simple random sampling technique. The independent variables in this study were the age of mother, mother's level of education, occupation of mother, mother's level of knowledge, maternal attitudes and beliefs of mother. The results showed that the variables that associated in the achievement of basic immunization are mother's level of education (p = 0,020), mother's knowledge level (p = 0,000), beliefs of mother (p = 0.000) and the maternal attitudes (p = 0.000). While the variable age of mother and occupation of mother not associated in the achievement of basic immunization because the p value > 0.05. Conclusion of this study is factors of associated in the achievement of basic immunization are mother's level of education, mother's knowledge level, beliefs of mother and maternal attitudes. Therefore it is necessary for the addition of knowledge’s mother through the delivery of information, in addition health workers provides an explanation to the mother related to the incidence of post followup immunization so that mothers believe that immunizations have an impact well and the mother was able to behave better towards immunization. Keyword: basic immunization, beliefs of mother, maternal attitudes, mother's knowledge level, mother's level of education

Thousands patients around the world die every day because of infections when they get treatment. This is because the transmission of microbacteria from the hands of health workers. Hand hygiene is the most important aspect to prevent the transmission of microbacteria and preventing HAIs. Hand hygiene awareness of health workers is a fundamental behavior to prevent cross-infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hand hygiene compliance of nurse in Unit Hemodialysis of Hajj General Hospital Surabaya. Type of this research is descriptive research and observations by using a qualitative approach. Data retrieval on the research is an interview with nurse and audit hand hygiene. Research instrument using a questionnaire of hand hygiene and BSI knowledge, and hand hygiene audit form made by WHO. The population in this research was all nurses in Hemodialysis Unit General Hospital Surabaya Hajj that add up to 11 people. The results of this research obtained that compliance with hand hygiene Unit Hemodialysis nurse is 35%. The compliance were still less and has not reached the standards established by the PPI Hajj General Hospital Surabaya that is 100% and still has not reach compliance standards of WHO that is 40%. Hand hygiene compliance was low caused by the low participation of PPI base training and the lack of availability of hand hygiene facility in the Hemodialysis Unit General Hospital Surabaya Hajj. Advice from research were conducting on job training about how to perform hand hygiene and improve hand hygiene facilities in Hemodialysis Units. Keywords: hand hygiene, compliance, nurse

Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is one of the Non Comunicable Disease (NCDs) whose prevalence continue to increase. Riskesdas 2013 indicate an increasing in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the elderly, namely from the year 2007 increased by 3,7% to 4,8% in 2013. SUSENAS 2014 showed morbidity rate in the elderly in 2014 reached 25,05%. The increasing age of elderly make elderly suff ered a setback in many ways, which aff ects the quality of life of the elderly. Type 2 diabetes in the elderly if not keep glucose levels either by exercise will cause complications. One of the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus is a microvascular complications. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between exercise habits and symptoms of microvascular complications with quality of life of elderly patients with type 2 DM in Puskesmas Wonokromo. This type of research is observational analytic study with sample of elderly patients with DM 2 who was treated at the Puskesmas Wonokromo as many as 96 samples. The technique sampling was Simple Random Sampling. The data analysis used Chi Square Test. The results showed no corrrelations between education and diet with quality of life, theres was a corrrelations exercise habits and quality of life (p = 0.005). Expected that elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were can improve the quality of life with regular exercise. Keywords: T2 Diabetes mellitus, Quality of life, Elderly

A geographical location such as coastal area is known as risk factor hypertension relating to high exposure of salty foods. Public health access had significant effect on reducing salt intake at the community level. This study assesses salt intake in older women resident at urban coastal in Indonesia participating in the public health program. This was a cross-sectional study involving older women (56.98 ± 5.7 years) resident at urban coastal in Kenjeran, Surabaya, Indonesia. Salt intake was calculated and estimated based on 24-h urinary sodium. The mean daily salt intake was 6.16 ± 3.48 g/d; only 11.8% of subjects consumed salt intake

Objectives This study aimed to determine colorectal cancer (CRC) risks among patients with gout through a follow-up study on a nationwide population-based cohort that included patients with gout and the general population in Taiwan.Participant From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 28 061 patients who were newly diagnosed with gout between 2000 and 2010 as the study cohort. We randomly selected 84 248 subjects matching in gender, age and baseline year as comparison cohort. The cohorts were followed up until CRC occurrence, withdrawal from the system of National Health Insurance, or Dec. 31, 2013.Primary and secondary outcome measures Cumulative incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of CRC between two cohorts were examined. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate risk factors associated with CRC development.Results During the 13-year follow-up, the incidence rate of CRC development in the gout cohort reached 2.44 per 1000 person-years, which was higher than the 2.13 per 1000 person-years in the control cohort (IRR=1.15; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.26). After adjusting for age, gender, urbanisation status and comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, gout showed no significant association with increased risk of CRC occurrence (adjusted HR=1.03; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.14).Conclusions Similar risks of CRC incidence were observed in patients with and without gout in Taiwan. Allopurinol and colchicine are commonly used as urate-lowering drug and anti-inflammation medication in Taiwan and had been shown to reduce the risk of CRC incidence. Thus, further pharmaco-epidemiological studies should be carried out to specifically assess the role of allopurinol in the relationship between gout and CRC.

Infeksi malaria pada kehamilan merugikan ibu dan janin yang dikandungnya karena dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu maupun janin. Data kematian ibu di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan Tahun 2014, menunjukkan bahwa kematian ibu berdasarkan penyebab malaria berada pada urutan ke tiga. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor perilaku pencegahan (pemakaian kelambu, pemasangan kawat kasa, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk dan kebiasaan berada di luar rumah pada malam hari) terhadap kejadian malaria pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten TTS. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan penelitian case control. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Multi Stage Sampling dengan besar sampel sebanyak 90 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis bivariabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ibu hamil yang tidak menggunakan kelambu dan atau memiliki kebiasaan berada di luar rumah pada malam hari memiliki risiko yang lebih besar untuk terinfeksi malaria di Kabupaten TTS p=0,000 (OR 8,389, 95% CI : 3,152-22,292) dan p : 0,010 (OR : 3,143, 95% CI : 1,300-7,599). Dengan demikian maka perlu adanya pemerataan, monitoring pemanfaatan dan pemeliharaan kelambu berinsektisida dan perlu mengidentifikasi potensi-potensi lokal yang dapat dijadikan sebagai media pengusir nyamuk dan dapat juga memanfaatkan tanaman-tanaman pengusir nyamuk, seperti zodia, selasih, geranium, suren, lavender, serai dan mimba. Kata Kunci: Malaria, Ibu Hamil, Perilaku, Pencegahan

Sistem layanan data telemedika konvensional di Indonesia selama ini masih dilakukan secara manual yaitu paper based document. Dengan adanya teknologi berbasis radio paket yang gratis ini dapat membantu tim medis puskesmas mengirim pesan ke pusat informasi (dinas kesehatan setempat) lalu dikirim ulang ke puskesmas lainnya secara cepat untuk kebutuhan pengiriman data berukuran kecil berupa teks. Untuk merealisasikan sistem layanan data telemedika bagi puskesmas di daerah terpencil, maka digunakan sistem komunikasi ad hoc. Oleh karena itu dirancang protokol ad hoc yang sesuai karakteristik komunikasi paket radio beserta interface layanan data telemedika dalam bentuk program laporan rekam medis wabah mingguan. Dilakukan pengujian kanal HF Surabaya dan Lawang dengan mengirim sinyal carrier dengan daya 49,03 dBm sehingga level SNR audio yang diterima sebesar -4,293 dB. Dan juga dilakukan pengujian protokol mode point-to-point dan ad hoc pada kanal VHF di sekitar kampus ITS Surabaya berupa mekanisme route discovery, route cache, pengiriman data telemedika dan ACK/NAK serta pengiriman variasi jumlah karakter U. Dari pengujian kanal VHF tersebut diperoleh batas maksimal pengiriman pesan kontinyu setiap 3 detik dengan payload 140 karakter U untuk 3 node adalah 158 Byte tiap pengiriman pesan.

Background This study aims to develop a vulnerability map for Surabaya using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to assess the city’s vulnerability to COVID-19. Methods Six key factors influencing vulnerability were identified and their relative importance determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) pairwise comparison matrix. GIS was utilized to classify Surabaya’s vulnerability into five levels: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. Results The resulting vulnerability map provides essential insights for decision-makers, healthcare professionals, and disaster management teams. It enables strategic resource allocation, targeted interventions, and formulation of comprehensive response strategies tailored to specific needs of vulnerable districts. Conclusions Through these measures, Surabaya can enhance its resilience and preparedness, ensuring the well-being of its residents in the face of potential emergency outbreaks.

Background This study aims to develop a vulnerability map for Surabaya using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to assess the city’s vulnerability to COVID-19. Methods Six key factors influencing vulnerability were identified and their relative importance determined through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) pairwise comparison matrix. GIS was utilized to classify Surabaya’s vulnerability into five levels: very low, low, medium, high, and very high. Results The resulting vulnerability map provides essential insights for decision-makers, healthcare professionals, and disaster management teams. It enables strategic resource allocation, targeted interventions, and formulation of comprehensive response strategies tailored to specific needs of vulnerable districts. Conclusions Through these measures, Surabaya can enhance its resilience and preparedness, ensuring the well-being of its residents in the face of potential emergency outbreaks.

Objectives This study aimed to determine colorectal cancer (CRC) risks among patients with gout through a follow-up study on a nationwide population-based cohort that included patients with gout and the general population in Taiwan. Participant From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 28 061 patients who were newly diagnosed with gout between 2000 and 2010 as the study cohort. We randomly selected 84 248 subjects matching in gender, age and baseline year as comparison cohort. The cohorts were followed up until CRC occurrence, withdrawal from the system of National Health Insurance, or Dec. 31, 2013. Primary and secondary outcome measures Cumulative incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of CRC between two cohorts were examined. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate risk factors associated with CRC development. Results During the 13-year follow-up, the incidence rate of CRC development in the gout cohort reached 2.44 per 1000 person-years, which was higher than the 2.13 per 1000 person-years in the control cohort (IRR=1.15; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.26). After adjusting for age, gender, urbanisation status and comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia, gout showed no significant association with increased risk of CRC occurrence (adjusted HR=1.03; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.14). Conclusions Similar risks of CRC incidence were observed in patients with and without gout in Taiwan. Allopurinol and colchicine are commonly used as urate-lowering drug and anti-inflammation medication in Taiwan and had been shown to reduce the risk of CRC incidence. Thus, further pharmaco-epidemiological studies should be carried out to specifically assess the role of allopurinol in the relationship between gout and CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]