23 results on '"Atighi MR"'
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2. Infection of tomato plants by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) potentiates the ethylene and salicylic acid pathways to fend off root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) parasitism.
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Azaryan A, Atighi MR, and Shams-Bakhsh M
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- Animals, Plant Roots virology, Plant Roots parasitology, Plant Roots metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Oxylipins metabolism, Cyclopentanes metabolism, Solanum lycopersicum virology, Solanum lycopersicum parasitology, Solanum lycopersicum metabolism, Solanum lycopersicum genetics, Begomovirus physiology, Salicylic Acid metabolism, Ethylenes metabolism, Tylenchoidea physiology, Plant Diseases virology, Plant Diseases parasitology
- Abstract
In nature, it is common for plants to be infected by multiple pathogens simultaneously, and deciphering the underlying mechanisms of such interactions has remained elusive. The occurrence of root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV; Begomovirus coheni) has been reported in most tomato cultivation areas. We investigated the interaction between RKN and TYLCV in tomato plants at phenotypic, biochemical, and gene expression levels. Several treatments were considered including mock inoculation, inoculation with TYLCV or RKN alone, simultaneous inoculation with both TYLCV and RKN, and sequential inoculations with a five-day interval. Among them, simultaneous inoculation showed the highest impact on RKN suppression compared to mock-inoculated plants. Biochemical assays in the time-point experiments demonstrated that the pick of defense capacity of plants occurs at 48- and 72-h post-inoculation. Gene expression analyses utilizing marker genes from main hormonal pathways involved in plant defense, including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET), indicated that ET and SA are highly involved in the potentiation of TYLCV-induced defense against RKN. To validate the action of SA and ET in the induction of defense against RKN by TYLCV, transgenic lines deficient in SA (NahG) and ET (ACD) accumulation were co-inoculated with TYLCV and RKN. Both transgenic lines failed to express TYLCV-induced defense against RKN. These findings demonstrate an antagonistic effect of TYLCV against RKN in tomato plants, mediated by SA and ET signaling pathways., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Masoud Shams-bakhsh reports financial support was provided by Tarbiat Modares University. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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3. Funneliformis mosseae potentiates defense mechanisms of citrus rootstocks against citrus nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans.
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Shahabi I, Goltapeh EM, Amirmijani A, Pedram M, and Atighi MR
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- Animals, Mycorrhizae physiology, Glomeromycota physiology, Citrus microbiology, Citrus parasitology, Plant Diseases microbiology, Plant Diseases parasitology, Plant Roots microbiology, Plant Roots parasitology, Plant Roots growth & development, Tylenchoidea physiology
- Abstract
Using integrated pest management without relying on chemical pesticides is one of the most attractive approaches to controlling plant pathogens. Among them, using resistant cultivars or rootstocks against diseases in combination with beneficial microorganisms has attracted special attention. The citrus nematode is one of the major constraints of citrus cultivation worldwide. We showed that the mycorrhizal arbuscular fungus, Funneliformis mosseae, increased growth parameters including shoot and root length and biomass of two main rootstocks of citrus, sour orange and Volkamer lemon, in noninfected and infected plants with citrus nematode. It decreased the infection rate by citrus nematode in both rootstocks compared with nonmycorrhizal plants. The rate of decrease in nematode infection was highest when plants were pre-inoculated with F. mosseae and was lowest when nematode was inoculated before F. mosseae. However, when nematode was inoculated before the fungus, the fungus was still able to mitigate the negative effect of infection by nematode compared with plants inoculated with nematode only. This suggests that the timing of inoculation plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of F. mosseae in reducing nematode infection. Moreover, monitoring of the expression of two genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and β-1,3-glucanase, which are involved in systemic-acquired resistance (SAR) showed that although they were significantly upregulated in mycorrhizal plants compared with nonmycorrhizal plants, they showed the highest expression when plants were pretreated with fungus before nematode inoculation, thus, indicating that plants were primed. In summary, F. mosseae primes the defense-related genes involved in SAR, increasing plant defensive capacity and boosting growth parameters in citrus rootstock. This has important implications for the agricultural industry., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permission@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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4. Data on four species of Longidorus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Longidoridae) from southern and southeastern Iran, including description of a new species.
- Author
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Monemi S, Behdani M, Mahdikhani-Moghadam E, Amirzadi N, Atighi MR, Ye W, Jahanshahi Afshar F, and Pedram M
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- Iran, Animals, Male, Female, Nematoda classification, Nematoda anatomy & histology, Nematoda genetics, Microscopy, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Four species of the genus Longidorus were recovered from southern (Bushehr province) and southeastern (Southern Khorasan province) Iran. The first species, L. paratabrizicus n. sp. represents a new member to the genus and is characterised by 4.8-5.6 mm long females with anteriorly flattened lip region separated from the rest of the body by depression, amphidial fovea pocket-shaped without lobes, tail conical, dorsally convex, ventrally almost straight with bluntly rounded tip and males in population. By having similar lip region and tail shape, the new species most closely resembles five species viz. L. artemisiae, L. globulicauda, L. patuxentensis, L. sturhani , and L. tabrizicus . It represents the cryptic form of the last species. The second species belongs to L. mirus , recovered in both southern and southeastern Iran, representing the first record of the species after its original description. As an update to the characteristics of this species, it's all juvenile developmental stages were recovered and described. The criteria to separate L. mirus from two closely related species, L. auratus and L. africanus , are discussed. The third species belongs to L. persicus , a new record in southern Iran. The fourth species, L. orientalis was recovered in high population density in association with date palm trees in Bushehr province. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species and recovered populations of L. mirus and L. persicus were reconstructed using two ribosomal markers and the resulted topologies were discussed.
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- 2024
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5. Description of Nothotylenchus savadkoohensis n. sp. (Rhabditida, Anguinidae) from Iran based on morphological and molecular data.
- Author
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Rezaei S, Pourjam E, Atighi MR, and Pedram M
- Abstract
Nothotylenchus savadkoohensis n. sp. was recovered from rotten wood samples of an unidentified forest tree in the Mazandaran province and described herein. It is mainly characterized by an elongated conoid tail ending in a sharply pointed tip and four lines in the lateral field. Females of the new species have 379-662 μm long bodies with 5.8-6.9 μm long stylets ending in fine posteriorly sloping knobs, the metacorpus not valvate, the pharyngeal bulb slightly overlapping the intestine, and the vulva at 76.5-84.0% of body length. Males are also common and have 13.0-14.5 μm long spicules and bursa cloacal. By having an elongated conoid tail and four lines in the lateral field, the new species comes close to four known species, namely N. acris, N. acutus, N. antricolus , and N. truncatus . The morphological differences between the new species and the abovementioned species are discussed. The new species was sequenced for its D2-D3 segment of LSU and ITS rDNA regions. In the LSU phylogenetic tree, the currently available LSU sequences of the genus Nothotylenchus occupied distant placements from each other and the LSU sequence of the new species formed clade with a sequence assigned to Neotylenchus sp. In ITS phylogeny, the newly generated sequence of the new species formed a clade with a clade that includes sequences of Ditylenchus sp. and Neomisticius platypi and N. variabilis ., (© 2024 Soheila Rezaei et al., published by Sciendo.)
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- 2024
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6. Two new species of the genus Sectonema Thorne, 1930 (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from Iran, with new insights into its evolutionary relationships.
- Author
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Keramat M, Mahboubi Z, Atighi MR, Pourjam E, Castillo P, Pedram M, and Peña-Santiago R
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- Female, Animals, Iran, Cytoskeleton, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Helminths, Nematoda genetics
- Abstract
Two new species of the genus Sectonema found in northern Iran are characterized, including morphological descriptions and molecular (18S-, 28S-rDNA) analyses. Sectonema tehranense sp. nov. is distinguished by its 7.22 - 8.53 mm long body, lip region offset by constriction and 24 - 31 μm wide with perioral lobes and abundant setae- or cilia-like projections covering the oral field, mural tooth 15.5 - 17 μm long at its ventral side, neck 1091 - 1478 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 61 - 71% of the total neck length, female genital system diovarian, uterus simple and 3.9 - 4.2 times the corresponding body diameter long, transverse vulva ( V = 49 - 59), tail short and rounded (44 - 65 μm, c = 99 - 162, c' = 0.6 - 0.8), spicules 111 - 127 μm long, and 7 - 10 spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Sectonema noshahrense sp. nov. displays a 4.07 - 4.73 mm long body, lip region offset by constriction and 23 - 25 μm wide with perioral lobes and abundant setae- or cilia-like projections covering the oral field, odontostyle 14 - 14.5 μm long, neck 722 - 822 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 66 - 68% of the total neck length, female genital system diovarian, uterus simple and 2.4 - 2.7 times the corresponding body diameter long, transverse vulva ( V = 54 - 55), tail convex conoid (39 - 47 μm, c = 91 - 111, c' = 0.8 - 0.9), spicules 82 μm long, and seven spaced ventromedian supplements with hiatus. Molecular analyses confirm a maximally supported ( Epacrolaimus + Metaporcelaimus + Sectonema ) clade and a tentative biogeographical pattern, with sequences of Indolamayan taxa forming a clade separated from those of Palearctic ones. Parallel or convergent evolution processes might be involved in the phylogeny of the species currently classified under Sectonema. This genus is certainly more heterogeneous than previously assumed.
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- 2024
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7. Erratum to: Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Filenchus multistriatus n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae) and Data on a Known Species of the Genus from Bushehr Province, Southern Iran.
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Monemi S, Atighi MR, Abolafia J, Castillo P, and Pedram M
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0008.]., (© 2023 Somayeh Monemi et al., published by Sciendo.)
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- 2023
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8. Dicer-like 3a mediates intergenerational resistance against root-knot nematodes in rice via hormone responses.
- Author
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Meijer A, Atighi MR, Demeestere K, De Meyer T, Vandepoele K, and Kyndt T
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- Animals, Plant Diseases genetics, Plant Diseases parasitology, Ethylenes metabolism, Hormones metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Oryza metabolism, Tylenchoidea physiology
- Abstract
In a continuously changing and challenging environment, passing down the memory of encountered stress factors to offspring could provide an evolutionary advantage. In this study, we demonstrate the existence of "intergenerational acquired resistance" in the progeny of rice (Oryza sativa) plants attacked by the belowground parasitic nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Transcriptome analyses revealed that genes involved in defense pathways are generally downregulated in progeny of nematode-infected plants under uninfected conditions but show a stronger induction upon nematode infection. This phenomenon was termed "spring loading" and depends on initial downregulation by the 24-nucleotide (nt) siRNA biogenesis gene dicer-like 3a (dcl3a) involved in the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway. Knockdown of dcl3a led to increased nematode susceptibility and abolished intergenerational acquired resistance, as well as jasmonic acid/ethylene spring loading in the offspring of infected plants. The importance of ethylene signaling in intergenerational resistance was confirmed by experiments on a knockdown line of ethylene insensitive 2 (ein2b), which lacks intergenerational acquired resistance. Taken together, these data indicate a role for DCL3a in regulating plant defense pathways during both within-generation and intergenerational resistance against nematodes in rice., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared., (© American Society of Plant Biologists 2023. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2023
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9. Reaction of Commercial Cultivars of Kiwifruit to Infection by Root-knot Nematode and Its Biocontrol Using Endophytic Bacteria.
- Author
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Banihashemian SN, Jamali S, Golmohammadi M, Noorizadeh S, and Atighi MR
- Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) cause considerable economic losses to kiwifruit production annually. Screening of resistant cultivars has been one of the long-standing methods to manage root-knot nematodes. Here, the reaction of the four most common commercial cultivars of kiwifruit, namely, Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa cv. Hayward, A. chinensis var. deliciosa cv. Abbott, A. chinensis var. deliciosa cv. Bruno, and A. chinensis var. chinensis cv. Haegeum (commonly known as 'Golden' kiwifruit) to infection by the RKN, Meloidogyne incognita , was evaluated. Among examined cultivars 'Golden' was the most susceptible, having on average 52.8 galls, 56.1 egg masses per gram of root, and 642 J2 population per 200 gram of soil. 'Bruno' showed the highest resistance, with 3.3 galls, 4.1 egg masses per gram of root, and 79 J2 in 200 g of soil. Then, two potential biological control agents, namely Priestia megaterium 31.en and Agrobacterium tumefaciens 19.en were used on 'Hayward' seedlings against M. incognita and showed a significant reduction in the number of galls and egg masses on roots, juvenile population in the soil, and increased the growth parameters of the plants compared to non-treated seedlings. We demonstrated that integrated management using resistant cultivars and biological control can provide a safe and economic method to control RKN, and these resistant cultivars can be used in breeding programs., (© 2023 Seyedeh Najmeh Banihashemian et al., published by Sciendo.)
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- 2023
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10. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Filenchus multistriatus n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae) and Data on a Known Species of the Genus from Bushehr Province, Southern Iran.
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Monemi S, Atighi MR, Abolafia J, Castillo P, and Pedram M
- Abstract
During a nematological survey in southern Iran, a population belonging to the family Tylenchidae was recovered from a tomato field in Bushehr province. The recovered population belongs to the genus Filenchus, was described and illustrated herein as F. multistriatus n. sp. It is mainly characterized by having a wide and low annulated lip region continuous with adjacent body; amphidial openings confined to the labial plate; four lines in lateral fields forming three bands, with the two outer bands broken by transverse, and the inner one broken by both transverse and longitudinal lines; and median bulb oval with visible valve and elongate-conoid tail uniformly and gradually narrowing toward the distal region, ending in a widely rounded tip. Its morphological and morphometric differences with three closely similar species were discussed. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other relevant genera and species were reconstructed using partial sequences of small, and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA) sequences. Morphometric and morphological data were also provided for an Iranian population of F. sandneri recovered from Bushehr province. Both populations were characterised using SEM data., (© 2023 Somayeh Monemi et al., published by Sciendo.)
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- 2023
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11. Description of Boleodorus Bushehrensis n. Sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae) from Southern Iran, and Observations on a Commonly Known Species.
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Monemi S, Atighi MR, Abolafia J, Pourjam E, and Pedram M
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A new species of the genus Boleodorus , recovered from southern Iran, is described and illustrated based upon morphological and molecular data. B. bushehrensis n. sp. is mainly characterized by having a wide and low cephalic region (which is continuous with the adjacent body), the oral aperture in a depression in side view under a light microscope, four lines in the lateral field, weak metacorpus with a vestigial-to-invisible valve, and short (26-38 mm long) hooked tail with rounded tip. The females are 334-464 mm long and have a spherical spermatheca filled with spheroid sperm; males have 11.5- to 12.0-mm-long spicules and weakly developed bursa. The new species has an annulated low cephalic region, four large cephalic papillae, and small crescent-shaped amphidial openings when observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its morphological and morphometric differences with seven known species are discussed. The phylogenetic relationships of the new species with other relevant genera and species have been studied using partial sequences of small and large subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU and LSU rDNA). In both the SSU and LSU phylogenies, the sequences of B . bushehrensis n. sp. and other Boleodorus spp. formed a clade. A second species, B. thylactus , when studied under SEM, has a raised, smooth cephalic region, four large cephalic papillae, and oblique amphidial slits, with the oral opening in a depression., (© 2022 Somayeh Monemi et al., published by Sciendo.)
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- 2022
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12. Correction to: Non-coding RNAs in the interaction between rice and Meloidogyne graminicola.
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Verstraeten B, Atighi MR, Ruiz-Ferrer V, Escobar C, De Meyer T, and Kyndt T
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- 2022
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13. Non-coding RNAs in the interaction between rice and Meloidogyne graminicola.
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Verstraeten B, Atighi MR, Ruiz-Ferrer V, Escobar C, De Meyer T, and Kyndt T
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- Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, RNA, Small Interfering genetics, MicroRNAs genetics, Oryza genetics, RNA, Long Noncoding genetics, Tylenchoidea genetics
- Abstract
Background: Root knot nematodes (RKN) are plant parasitic nematodes causing major yield losses of widely consumed food crops such as rice (Oryza sativa). Because non-coding RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are key regulators of various plant processes, elucidating their regulation during this interaction may lead to new strategies to improve crop protection. In this study, we aimed to identify and characterize rice siRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs responsive to early infection with RKN Meloidogyne graminicola (Mg), based on sequencing of small RNA, degradome and total RNA libraries from rice gall tissues compared with uninfected root tissues., Results: We found 425 lncRNAs, 3739 siRNAs and 16 miRNAs to be differentially expressed between both tissues, of which a subset was independently validated with RT-qPCR. Functional prediction of the lncRNAs indicates that a large part of their potential target genes code for serine/threonine protein kinases and transcription factors. Differentially expressed siRNAs have a predominant size of 24 nts, suggesting a role in DNA methylation. Differentially expressed miRNAs are generally downregulated and target transcription factors, which show reduced degradation according to the degradome data., Conclusions: To our knowledge, this work is the first to focus on small and long non-coding RNAs in the interaction between rice and Mg, and provides an overview of rice non-coding RNAs with the potential to be used as a resource for the development of new crop protection strategies., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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14. Genome-wide shifts in histone modifications at early stage of rice infection with Meloidogyne graminicola.
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Atighi MR, Verstraeten B, De Meyer T, and Kyndt T
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- Animals, Epigenesis, Genetic, Gene Expression Profiling, Host-Parasite Interactions, Oryza enzymology, Oryza parasitology, Plant Roots enzymology, Plant Roots genetics, Plant Roots parasitology, Histone Code, Histones metabolism, Oryza genetics, Plant Diseases parasitology, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Tylenchoidea physiology
- Abstract
Epigenetic processes play a crucial role in the regulation of plant stress responses, but their role in plant-pathogen interactions remains poorly understood. Although histone-modifying enzymes have been observed to be deregulated in galls induced by root-knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne graminicola) in rice, their influence on plant defence and their genome-wide impact has not been comprehensively investigated. First, the role of histone modifications in plant-nematode interactions was confirmed by pharmacological inhibition of histone-modifying enzymes, which all significantly affected rice susceptibility to RKN. For a more specific view, three histone marks, H3K9ac, H3K9me2, and H3K27me3, were subsequently studied by chromatin-immunoprecipitation-sequencing on RKN-induced galls at 3 days postinoculation. While levels of H3K9ac and H3K27me3 were strongly enriched, H3K9me2 was generally depleted in galls versus control root tips. Differential histone peaks were generally associated with plant defence-related genes. Transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR-based validation revealed that genes marked with H3K9ac or H3K9me2 showed the expected activation or repression gene expression pattern, but this was not the case for H3K27me3 marks. Our results indicate that histone modifications respond dynamically to RKN infection, and that posttranslational modifications mainly at H3K9 specifically target plant defence-related genes., (© 2021 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology published by British Society for Plant Pathology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2021
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15. Description of Longidorella (Saevadorella) caspica n. sp. (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae) from north Iran.
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Heydari F, Atighi MR, Pourjam E, and Pedram M
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This contribution provides the morphological and molecular identification of a new species of the genus Longidorella ( Saevadorella ). L. (S.) caspica n. sp., was recovered from the rhizospheric soil of grasses in Mazandaran province in the seashore of the Caspian Sea. It is characterized by females with a length of 788 to 874 μm and a cephalic region with prominent papillae; and separated from the rest of the body by a remarkable constriction, an odontostyle of 32 to 33 μm, vulva at 52.5 to 59.0%, and a tail of 33 to 38 μm with a rounded tip. Males have 32 to 35 μm long spicules of dorylaimoid form and five to seven ventral supplements ending at 48 to 55 μm distance from cloacal pair. The new species was morphologically compared with seven nominal species viz. L. (S.) arenicola, L. (S.) cuspidata, L. (S.) magna, L. (S.) perplexa, L. (S.) saadi , L. ( S .) saevae , and L. (S.) tharensis . It was further compared with similar species under the subgenus Longidorella (Enchodorella) viz. L. (E.) deliblatica and L. (E.) murithi. Besides morphological studies, molecular phylogenetic studies using partial sequences of D2 to D3 expansion fragments of 28S rDNA were performed for the new species and its phylogenetic relationships with other species and genera were discussed., (© 2021 Authors.)
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- 2021
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16. Genome-wide DNA hypomethylation shapes nematode pattern-triggered immunity in plants.
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Atighi MR, Verstraeten B, De Meyer T, and Kyndt T
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- Animals, DNA, DNA Methylation genetics, Solanum lycopersicum genetics, Oryza genetics, Tylenchoidea genetics
- Abstract
A role for DNA hypomethylation has recently been suggested in the interaction between bacteria and plants; it is unclear whether this phenomenon reflects a conserved response. Treatment of plants of monocot rice and dicot tomato with nematode-associated molecular patterns from different nematode species or bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern flg22 revealed global DNA hypomethylation. A similar hypomethylation response was observed during early gall induction by Meloidogyne graminicola in rice. Evidence for the causal impact of hypomethylation on immunity was revealed by a significantly reduced plant susceptibility upon treatment with DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine. Whole-genome bisulphite sequencing of young galls revealed massive hypomethylation in the CHH context, while not for CG or CHG nucleotide contexts. Further, CHH hypomethylated regions were predominantly associated with gene promoter regions, which was not correlated with activated gene expression at the same time point but, rather, was correlated with a delayed transcriptional gene activation. Finally, the relevance of CHH hypomethylation in plant defence was confirmed in rice mutants of the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway and DECREASED DNA METHYLATION 1. We demonstrated that DNA hypomethylation is associated with reduced susceptibility in rice towards root-parasitic nematodes and is likely to be part of the basal pattern-triggered immunity response in plants., (© 2020 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2020 New Phytologist Trust.)
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- 2020
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17. Discopersicus n. gen., a New Member of the Family Tylenchidae Örley, 1880 with Detailed SEM Study on Two Known Species of the Genus Discotylenchus Siddiqi, 1980 (Nematoda; Tylenchidae) from Iran.
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Yaghoubi A, Pourjam E, Álvarez-Ortega S, Liébanas G, Atighi MR, and Pedram M
- Abstract
Discopersicus iranicus n. gen., n. comb., previously described from Iran as a new species under the genus Discotylenchus , is illustrated using light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and further studied using molecular characters. SEM studies revealed the newly proposed genus has oblique amphidial apertures on the lateral sides of the lip region. SEM images are also provided for two species of Discotylenchus , namely D. discretus and D. brevicaudatus , as the first SEM study of the genus . These results confirmed longitudinal amphidial aperture type on lateral sides of the lip region in genus Discotylenchus , as noted by Siddiqi while erecting the genus with D. discretus as the type species . Molecular phylogenetic analyses using partial small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences revealed the affinity of the genus Discopersicus n. gen. with members of the subfamily Boleodorinae, as supported by morphological characters (mainly, the oblique amphidial opening).
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- 2016
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18. Rotylenchus sardashtensis n. sp., a monosexual species from Iran, with molecular identification and detailed morphological observations on an Iranian population of Rotylenchus cypriensis Antoniou, 1980 (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Hoplolaimidae).
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Golhasan B, Heydari R, Álvarez-Ortega S, Meckes O, Pedram M, and Atighi MR
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- Animals, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, Female, Iran, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Plant Roots parasitology, Rhabditida genetics, Rhabditida ultrastructure, Soil parasitology, Species Specificity, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S genetics, Rhabditida classification
- Abstract
Rotylenchus sardashtensis n. sp., a new monosexual species is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular studies. Rotylenchus sardashtensis n. sp. appears close morphologically and molecularly to eight known species of the genus, i.e. R. buxophilus Golden, 1956, R. eximius Siddiqi, 1964, R. breviglans Sher, 1965, R. cypriensis Antoniou, 1980, R. pakistanensis Maqbool & Shahina, 1986, R. vitis Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Liébanas, Archidona-Yuste, Palomares-Rius & Castillo, 2012, R. paravitis Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Navas-Cortés, Liébanas, Vovlas, Subbotin, Palomares-Rius & Castillo, 2013 and R. dalikhaniensis Aliramaji, Pourjam, Álvarez-Ortega, Pedram & Atighi, 2015 from which the morphological differences are discussed. The new species is characterised mainly in having a hemispherical and well set off lip region with 3-4 annuli under light microscopy and irregular cob-like appearance under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), a stylet 26-30 µm long, a vulva located at 61-77% of body length with double epiptygma, rounded tail with 2-4 annuli and ventral mucron at its tip. Morphologically, R. sardashtensis n. sp. could be distinguished from all similar species within the genus by its matrix code as follows: A3, B1, C1, D4, E1, F2, G2, H5, I2, J2, K1. Rotylenchus cypriensis collected from the rhizosphere of Prunus sp. in Gilangharb region is characterised with its morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the D2-D3 expansion region of the 28S rRNA gene and the ITS1 fragment revealed the relationships of both species examined in present study and other species of the genus Rotylenchus Filipjev, 1936 and the family Hoplolaimidae Filipjev, 1934 included in analyses.
- Published
- 2016
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19. Molecular and morphological characterization of Veleshkinema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerularioidea) from Iran.
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Miraeiz E, Heydari R, Álvarez-Ortega S, Pedram M, and Atighi MR
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- Animals, Female, Iran, Male, Phylogeny, Tylenchida anatomy & histology, Tylenchida classification, Tylenchida genetics
- Abstract
Veleshkinema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. The new genus is characterized by having slender females and males, stylet with asymmetrical knobs, dorsal gland orifice just posterior to subventral knob, lip region with flattened apex and eight sectors, pharynx with a non-muscular and non-valvular median bulb, pharyngeal glands slightly overlapping intestine dorsally, visible cellular cardia, female with a single gonad having a quadricolumellate crustaformeria with 8-10 cells in each column, no postvulval uterine sac and rounded and offset spermatheca containing spheroid sperm cells, males with arcuate tylenchoid spicules and subterminal bursa. The new genus is morphologically compared with four genera: Abursanema, Deladenus, Prothallonema and Sphaerularia. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new genus using 808 bp partial sequences of SSU ribosomal RNA gene placed the new genus in a clade with Sphaerularia spp. In phylogenetic analyses using 756 bp partial sequences of the 28S ribosomal RNA gene (D2-D3 segments), the new genus formed a monophyletic group with Abursanema iranicum and Sphaerularia spp.
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- 2015
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20. Further Studies on Soil Nematode Fauna in North Western Iran with the Description of One New Species.
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Pedram M, Pourjam E, Atighi MR, and Panahandeh Y
- Abstract
Heterodorus youbertghostai n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular data. The new species was found in two geographically distant points in northwestern Iran and is characterized by having angular lip region, separated from the rest body by a constriction, body length of 1,432.5 to 1,751.3 µm, odontostyle length of 24 to 28 µm, rod-like odontophore, 37.0 to 42.5 µm long, lacking flanges at base, double guiding ring at 14 to 16 µm distance from anterior end, pharyngeal bulb comprising 40% to 48% of pharynx, intestine usually containing green material, female reproductive system amphidelphic with less divided short uterus, specific structure of pars distalis vaginae, bluntly conical tail, dorsally convex and ventrally flat, with rounded tip and saccate bodies in ventral side. The new species comes more close to H. conicaudatus and H. irregularis by its morphology and morphometric characters. Compared to former, it has remarkable difference in vulva position and tail characters, and compared to the latter, it could be separated by shorter body, posteriorly located vulva, wider lip region, and longer tail. In phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3, the new species formed a fully supported clade with several isolates of H. brevidentatus, prevalent in Iran. The other nordiid taxon, Enchodorus dolichurus, already reported from Iran, was also sequenced for the same genomic region and included in phylogenetic analyses.
- Published
- 2015
21. Rotylenchus castilloi n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae), a new species with long stylet from northern Iran.
- Author
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Talezari A, Pourjam E, Kheiri A, Liébanas G, Aliramaji F, Pedram M, Rezaee S, and Atighi MR
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Iran, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S genetics, Tylenchoidea classification, Tylenchoidea genetics, Tylenchoidea ultrastructure, Tylenchoidea anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Rotylenchus castilloi n. sp., a new bisexual species is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterised by having a hemispherical, continuous lip region with an irregular corncob-like appearance under SEM, very long stylet (62-68 µm), vulva located at 49.7-62.2% of body length from anterior end, with a protruding double epiptygma, a rounded to convex-conoid (rarely bi-lobed) tail with 8-12 annuli and specific sequences of D2-D3 segments of 28S and ITS1-rRNA genes. Differences between the new species and four other species of the genus (R. mesorobustus, R. cazorlaensis, R. magnus and R. jaeni) are discussed. Morphologically, the new species can be separated from these species mostly by its body length, lip region characters, stylet length and location of phasmid. Phylogenetic analyses using 721 bp partial sequences of D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S and 590 bp ITS1-rRNA genes revealed the new species forming a clade with two isolates of R. eximius and two isolates of R. unisexus, two morphologically unrelated species.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Description of Ektaphelenchoides fuchsi n. sp. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae) from western Iran.
- Author
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Esmaeili M, Heydari R, Pourjam E, and Atighi MR
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Helminth genetics, Female, Iran, Male, Phylogeny, Tylenchida genetics, Tylenchida anatomy & histology, Tylenchida classification
- Abstract
Ektaphelenchoides fuchsi n. sp., recovered from a soil sample around the rhizosphere of Cucurbita maxima in western Iran, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular characters. The new species is characterized by its body length of 529-712 µm, continuous lip region, lateral fields with three incisures, total stylet length of 14-18 µm with rounded basal knobs, excretory pore 70-84 µm and hemizonid 87-96 µm from the anterior end, post-uterine sac short, 6-9 µm long in female and tail conoid with long filiform terminus in male. Based on morphological and molecular characters, the new species is close to E. kelardashtensis, E. attenuata, and E. musae. It differs from the closest species E. kelardashtensis by its longer sylet (14-18 vs 13-16 µm) and stylet with basal knobs vs not, longer post uterine sac (6-9 vs 3-6 µm), more posterior position of excretory pore and hemizonid (70-84 vs 55-66 and 87-96 vs 67-78 µm, respectively), and longer spicules (12-13 vs 8-10 µm). Comparisons with other species of Ektaphelenchoides are also discussed. Molecular analyses were performed based on 631 bp of the partial ribosomal RNA large subunit gene (D2/D3 of LSU) and showed that E. fuchsi n. sp. is unique when compared with other species of the genus for which sequences of that region are available.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Description of Abursanema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerularioidea) from Iran and its phylogenetic relationships.
- Author
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Yaghoubi A, Pourjam E, Pedram M, Siddiqi MR, and Atighi MR
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Female, Iran, Male, Phylogeny, Tylenchida anatomy & histology, Tylenchida classification, Tylenchida genetics
- Abstract
Abursanema iranicum n. gen., n. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. The new genus is characterized by its smooth outer and annulated inner cuticle, having two incisures in lateral field, lacking stylet knobs, having pyriform terminal bulb with stem-like extension projecting into the intestine and lacking of bursa in male. The new genus belongs to the family Paurodontidae. It most closely resembles the genera Paurodontoides and Paurodontus, but has affinities based on male characters with Gymnotylenchus of the family Neotylenchidae too. From Paurodontoides, it differs by the absence of stylet knobs and having six sectors in the head framework. Compared to Paurodontus, the new genus differs by the absence of stylet knobs, structure of the pharynx and absence of a bursa in male. It differs from Gymnotylenchus mainly by lacking of stylet knobs, presence of a basal pharyngeal bulb with an extension into the intestine and in the structure of the spicules. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new genus using 706 bp partial sequences of the 28S rDNA D2/D3 segment revealed it forming a clade with two species of Sphaerularia in both Bayesian Inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses with 1.00 Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) and 0.96 bootstrap support values (BS). Using 942 bp partial sequences of 18S ribosomal RNA gene, the new genus formed a clade with a species of Deladenus with 0.86 BPP and 0.62 BS in BI and ML methods, respectively. With both BI and ML methods, this clade forms a larger highly supported clade with two species of Sphaerularia.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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