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With superintensive technology, Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming can increase shrimp production. Shrimp production in superintensive ponds can reach 50 tons per hectare, equivalent to 60 years of production in traditional technology. However, high stocking density with feeding can result in the waste of organic matter into the environment at the time of water change. Sustainable intensive ponds can stand to achieve qualification since their development exists based on water carrying capacity. This study aims to analyze the status of water quality and determine the carrying capacity of waters for developing intensive ponds of vannamei shrimp in Gantarang and Bontobahari Districts, Bulukumba Regency. The results showed a change in water quality status based on distance from the beach and the season. In Gantarang District, intensive pond development can still be carried out based on the oxygen and nitrogen carrying capacity of waters of 56 ha and 110 ha, respectively, while in Bontobahari District, there are 55 ha and 109 ha, respectively.

This study explores the factors influencing shrimp farmers’ adoption of Good Aquaculture Practices (GAPs) in traditionally managed aquaculture ponds cluster in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The factors influencing shrimp farmers’ decision to apply GAPs to traditional ponds in Pinrang Regency were analyzed using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with structural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis results showed that shrimp farmers’ willingness to adopt GAPs was strongly influenced by their attitude that GAPs can increase their production or income, improve a positive reputation in society, and contribute to improving the aquaculture environment. Meanwhile, the main impetus for adopting GAPs came from exporters or local entrepreneurs and directives and assistance from the relevant government, universities, and academics. The shrimp farmers believe that to maximize the level of application and the adoption of GAPs, improving pond engineering and managing environmental limiting factors are of high priority. The decline in aquaculture pond water quality is closely related to the condition of ponds with problems exchanging water, particularly disposing of aquaculture waste after the operation.

Tracing and characterizing marine natural materials with special medicinal abilities is important to obtain new materials to enrich the diversity of drugs to treat particular diseases. The identification of the chemical components of sponges is interesting, considering the uniqueness and several other abilities possessed by sponges that are thought to have medicinal potential. Searching for chemical components in sponge extracts is suspected to contain secondary metabolic substances with medicinal potential. The study aimed to identify the chemical components of sponge extract with potential medicinal value based on differences in solvents. The first extract on the sponge Clathria (Thalysias) reinwardti Sp.1 (CTR) by maceration method using semi-polar solvents (methanol). The second extraction uses a separating funnel with two types of non-polar solvents (diethyl-ether and n-hexane). The chemical components of the three extracts were analyzed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer instrument. The identified chemical components of sponge extract generally belong to the class of free fatty acids and cholesterol. Investigation of identified compounds with medicinal value chemical components, for example, Cholestan-3.alpha.-ol, Ergosta-5, Hexadecanoic acid, 1-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)- 2-indolinone and Pyridine-3-carboxamide. Searching for chemical components with medicinal potential from sponge extracts is novelty research based on differences in solvents, a new method. Complementing the data from this research, it is necessary to carry out further and specific searches related to chemical components with medicinal properties, which can be carried out by chromatographic fractionation and testing the activity of the extract against bacteria. pathogens and parasitic fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of the Indonesian Republic has targeted an increase in the value of shrimp exports and production until 250% by 2024. Thus, a special strategy is needed to develop whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture that can increase production but does not negatively impact the aquatic environment. For this reason, research was carried out to obtain a strategy for developing sustainable intensive/super-intensive technology of whiteleg shrimp culture in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The activity was conducted in South Sulawesi Province from March to July 2021. The data were collected from questionnaires submitted to respondents or actors, namely whiteleg shrimp brackishwater pond managers and other stakeholders and structured observations on whiteleg shrimp ponds. The validity of the questionnaire was tested using Corrected Item-Total Correlation method and the reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha method. Another primary data source was obtained through Focus Group Discussion. Data analysis was undertaken using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method. The research results show that, of the 18 intensive/super-intensive technology of whiteleg shrimp farming businesses operating in Bulukumba, Je'neponto, and Takalar Regencies, only one whitleg shrimp farming business applies super-intensive technology. The main problems in intensive/super-intensive whiteleg shrimp culture are disease attacks, namely acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease or early mortality syndrome and white feces disease and the inconsistent quality of seed. Among the four criteria studied, it was found that environmental factor criteria are the most influential in developing intensive/super-intensive technology of whiteleg shrimp culture. Among the seven alternative strategies, the order of priority of the alternative strategies is environmental protection of culture, management of culture areas, modern technological innovation, environmentally friendly culture technology, easy access to business and capital, improvement of human resources, and availability of pond facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]