174 results on '"Atherton, C."'
Search Results
2. Outcomes and costs of single-step hepatitis C testing in primary care, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Author
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Munang, M., Smit, E., Barnett, T., Atherton, C., Tahir, M., and Atabani, S.F.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Stationary and non-stationary fluid flow of a Bose-Einstein condensate through a penetrable barrier
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Engels, P. and Atherton, C.
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Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter - Abstract
We experimentally study the fluid flow induced by a broad, penetrable barrier moving through an elongated dilute gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate. The barrier is created by a laser beam swept through the condensate, and the resulting dipole potential can be either attractive or repulsive. We examine both cases and find regimes of stable and unstable fluid flow: At slow speeds of the barrier, the fluid flow is stationary due to the superfluidity of the condensate. At intermediate speeds, we observe a non-stationary regime in which the condensate gets filled with dark solitons. At faster speeds, soliton formation completely ceases and a remarkable absence of excitation in the condensate is seen again., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures
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- 2007
- Full Text
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4. Observation of Faraday Waves in a Bose-Einstein Condensate
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Engels, P., Atherton, C., and Hoefer, M. A.
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Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter - Abstract
Faraday waves in a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate are created. It is shown that periodically modulating the transverse confinement, and thus the nonlinear interactions in the BEC, excites small amplitude longitudinal oscillations through a parametric resonance. It is also demonstrated that even without the presence of a continuous drive, an initial transverse breathing mode excitation of the condensate leads to spontaneous pattern formation in the longitudinal direction. Finally, the effects of strongly driving the transverse breathing mode with large amplitude are investigated. In this case, impact-oscillator behavior and intriguing nonlinear dynamics, including the gradual emergence of multiple longitudinal modes, are observed., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures
- Published
- 2007
5. Quantifying Stratospheric Ozone in the Upper Troposphere with In situ Measurements of HCl
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Marcy, T. P., Fahey, D. W., Gao, R. S., Popp, P. J., Richard, E. C., Thompson, T. L., Rosenlof, K. H., Ray, E. A., Salawitch, R. J., Atherton, C. S., Bergmann, D. J., Ridley, B. A., Weinheimer, A. J., Loewenstein, M., Weinstock, E. M., and Mahoney, M. J.
- Published
- 2004
6. A multi-model study of the hemispheric transport and deposition of oxidised nitrogen
- Author
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Sanderson, M. G, Dentener, F. J, Fiore, A. M, Cuvelier, C., Keating, T. J, Zuber, A., Atherton, C. S, Bergmann, D. J, Diehl, T., Doherty, R. M, Duncan, B. N, Hess, P., Horowitz, L. W, Jacob, D. J, Jonson, J.-E., Kaminski, J. W, Lupu, A., MacKenzie, I. A, Mancini, E., Marmer, E., Park, R., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J, Pringle, K. J, Schroeder, S., Schultz, M. G, Shindell, D. T, Szopa, S., Wild, O., and Wind, P.
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atmospheric deposition ,atmospheric transport ,emission ,nitric oxide ,nitrogen ,pollutant transport - Abstract
Fifteen chemistry-transport models are used to quantify, for the first time, the export of oxidised nitrogen (NOy) to and from four regions (Europe, North America, South Asia, and East Asia), and to estimate the uncertainty in the results. Between 12 and 24% of the NOx emitted is exported from each region annually. The strongest impact of each source region on a foreign region is: Europe on East Asia, North America on Europe, South Asia on East Asia, and East Asia on North America. Europe exports the most NOy, and East Asia the least. East Asia receives the most NOy from the other regions. Between 8 and 15% of NOx emitted in each region is transported over distances larger than 1000 km, with 3–10% ultimately deposited over the foreign regions.
- Published
- 2008
7. Multimodel simulations of carbon monoxide: Comparison with observations and projected near-future changes
- Author
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Shindell, D. T, Faluvegi, G., Stevenson, D. S, Krol, M. C, Emmons, L. K, Lamarque, J.-F., Pétron, G., Dentener, F. J, Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G, Wild, O., Amann, M., Atherton, C. S, Bergmann, D. J, Bey, I., Butler, T., Cofala, J., Collins, W. J, Derwent, R. G, Doherty, R. M, Drevet, J., Eskes, H. J, Fiore, A. M, Gauss, M., Hauglustaine, D. A, Horowitz, L. W, Isaksen, I. S. A, Lawrence, M. G, Montanaro, V., Müller, J.-F., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J, Pyle, J. A, Rast, S., Rodriguez, J. M, Sanderson, M. G, Savage, N. H, Strahan, S. E, Sudo, K., Szopa, S., Unger, N., van Noije, T. P. C, and Zeng, G.
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air quality ,atmospheric chemistry ,atmospheric pollution ,biomass burning ,carbon monoxide ,climate change ,hydrocarbon ,hydroxyl radical ,Northern Hemisphere ,observational method ,satellite imagery ,simulation ,volatile organic compound - Abstract
We analyze present-day and future carbon monoxide (CO) simulations in 26 state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry models run to study future air quality and climate change. In comparison with near-global satellite observations from the MOPITT instrument and local surface measurements, the models show large underestimates of Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical CO, while typically performing reasonably well elsewhere. The results suggest that year-round emissions, probably from fossil fuel burning in east Asia and seasonal biomass burning emissions in south-central Africa, are greatly underestimated in current inventories such as IIASA and EDGAR3.2. Variability among models is large, likely resulting primarily from intermodel differences in representations and emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and in hydrologic cycles, which affect OH and soluble hydrocarbon intermediates. Global mean projections of the 2030 CO response to emissions changes are quite robust. Global mean midtropospheric (500 hPa) CO increases by 12.6 ± 3.5 ppbv (16%) for the high-emissions (A2) scenario, by 1.7 ± 1.8 ppbv (2%) for the midrange (CLE) scenario, and decreases by 8.1 ± 2.3 ppbv (11%) for the low-emissions (MFR) scenario. Projected 2030 climate changes decrease global 500 hPa CO by 1.4 ± 1.4 ppbv. Local changes can be much larger. In response to climate change, substantial effects are seen in the tropics, but intermodel variability is quite large. The regional CO responses to emissions changes are robust across models, however. These range from decreases of 10–20 ppbv over much of the industrialized NH for the CLE scenario to CO increases worldwide and year-round under A2, with the largest changes over central Africa (20–30 ppbv), southern Brazil (20–35 ppbv) and south and east Asia (30–70 ppbv). The trajectory of future emissions thus has the potential to profoundly affect air quality over most of the world's populated areas.
- Published
- 2006
8. Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000
- Author
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van Noije, T. P. C, Eskes, H. J, Dentener, F. J, Stevenson, D. S, Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G, Wild, O., Amann, M., Atherton, C. S, Bergmann, D. J, Bey, I., Boersma, K. F, Butler, T., Cofala, J., Drevet, J., Fiore, A. M, Gauss, M., Hauglustaine, D. A, Horowitz, L. W, Isaksen, I. S. A, Krol, M. C, Lamarque, J.-F., Lawrence, M. G, Martin, R. V, Montanaro, V., Muller, J.-F., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J, Pyle, J. A, Richter, A., Rodriguez, J. M, Savage, N. H, Strahan, S. E, Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and van Roozendael, M.
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anthropogenic source ,biomass burning ,comparative study ,ERS-2 ,GOME ,nitrous oxide ,sampling bias ,timescale ,troposphere - Abstract
We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the year 2000. The models used constant anthropogenic emissions from IIASA/EDGAR3.2 and monthly emissions from biomass burning based on the 1997–2002 average carbon emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Model output is analyzed at 10:30 local time, close to the overpass time of the ERS-2 satellite, and collocated with the measurements to account for sampling biases due to incomplete spatiotemporal coverage of the instrument. We assessed the importance of different contributions to the sampling bias: correlations on seasonal time scale give rise to a positive bias of 30–50% in the retrieved annual means over regions dominated by emissions from biomass burning. Over the industrial regions of the eastern United States, Europe and eastern China the retrieved annual means have a negative bias with significant contributions (between –25% and +10% of the NO2 column) resulting from correlations on time scales from a day to a month. We present global maps of modeled and retrieved annual mean NO2 column densities, together with the corresponding ensemble means and standard deviations for models and retrievals. The spatial correlation between the individual models and retrievals are high, typically in the range 0.81–0.93 after smoothing the data to a common resolution. On average the models underestimate the retrievals in industrial regions, especially over eastern China and over the Highveld region of South Africa, and overestimate the retrievals in regions dominated by biomass burning during the dry season. The discrepancy over South America south of the Amazon disappears when we use the GFED emissions specific to the year 2000. The seasonal cycle is analyzed in detail for eight different continental regions. Over regions dominated by biomass burning, the timing of the seasonal cycle is generally well reproduced by the models. However, over Central Africa south of the Equator the models peak one to two months earlier than the retrievals. We further evaluate a recent proposal to reduce the NOx emission factors for savanna fires by 40% and find that this leads to an improvement of the amplitude of the seasonal cycle over the biomass burning regions of Northern and Central Africa. In these regions the models tend to underestimate the retrievals during the wet season, suggesting that the soil emissions are higher than assumed in the models. In general, the discrepancies between models and retrievals cannot be explained by a priori profile assumptions made in the retrievals, neither by diurnal variations in anthropogenic emissions, which lead to a marginal reduction of the NO2 abundance at 10:30 local time (by 2.5–4.1% over Europe). Overall, there are significant differences among the various models and, in particular, among the three retrievals. The discrepancies among the retrievals (10–50% in the annual mean over polluted regions) indicate that the previously estimated retrieval uncertainties have a large systematic component. Our findings imply that top-down estimations of NOx emissions from satellite retrievals of tropospheric NO2 are strongly dependent on the choice of model and retrieval.
- Published
- 2006
9. Towards continuous monitoring in the oceans with submarine telecommunications cables using fibre optic technique: the SUBMERSE project
- Author
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Kvatadze, R., Atherton, C., and Tilmann, F.
- Abstract
In last few years, a number of technologies to use fibre optic cables as sensing devices have been established, among them Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and State-of-Polarisation (SoP). The potential of these technologies for monitoring a range of Earth System parameters in submarine cables has been demonstrated through several pilot experiments. Yet, continuous access to sub-marine optical fibre scientific data has currently not been achieved anywhere, neither has full integration of the various techniques.The SUBMERSE project links Research and Education Networks (NRENs), universities, research institutes and industry to establish multi-method monitoring along submarine optical telecommunication cables at several key cable routes branching off from Portugal, Madeira, Svalbard and in the Aegean. Those pilot sites should serve as a blueprint for establishing continuous monitoring services along many more cables.The project comprises technical developments for integrating DAS and SoP measurements, for establishing differential SoP measurements between repeaters and for operating DAS in ‘lit’ fibres, i.e., fibres carrying telecommunications traffic. Furthermore, a range of geoscientific and marine biology use cases are included, which seek to establish code/services for monitoring earthquakes, tracking whales, measuring the sea state and other Earth System variables. Effective data management, dissemination and training through community specific services will be addressed in several tasks as they are crucial for the success of this project due to the large size of data, sensitivity of a subset of the recordings and current lack of established community standards. SUBMERSE clearly commits to open and FAIR data exchange., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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10. Changes in Indices of Selenium Status in Men on Low, Medium, and High Intakes
- Author
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Fox, T., Atherton, C., Fairweather-Tait, S., Dainty, J., Lewis, J., Baxter, M., Crews, H., Roussel, A. M., editor, Anderson, R. A., editor, and Favier, A. E., editor
- Published
- 2002
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11. Absorption of Selenium from Biosynthetically Labelled Foods in Humans
- Author
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Atherton, C., Fox, T., Fairweather-Tait, S., Dainty, J., Lewis, J., Baxter, M., Crews, H., Langford, N., Roussel, A. M., editor, Anderson, R. A., editor, and Favier, A. E., editor
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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12. Bioavailability of selenium from fish, yeast and selenate: a comparative study in humans using stable isotopes
- Author
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Fox, T E, Van den Heuvel, E G H M, Atherton, C A, Dainty, J R, Lewis, D J, Langford, N J, Crews, H M, Luten, J B, Lorentzen, M, Sieling, F W, van Aken-Schneyder, P, Hoek, M, Kotterman, M J J, van Dael, P, and Fairweather-Tait, S J
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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13. The metaphysics of culture: its being, its life, and its death
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Lowry, Atherton C.
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Soul -- Models ,Metaphysics -- Models ,Civilization -- Models ,Culture -- Models ,Humanities ,Philosophy and religion - Abstract
The introduction takes up the history and meaning of the term culture and concurs with Dawson's holistic view that culture has both material and spiritual foundations. What I call the incarnated character of culture as extensional from and expressive of human beings, taken as hylomorphic substances, then brings us to the overriding theme of the paper: the metaphysical structure of culture. What discloses itself, in this regard, is the accidentality of culture as a system of relational acts rooted in social reality. Human society, in turn, is an accidental system of human substances in relation. Such substantial grounding of both society and culture will lead to the recognition that the human soul, through its substantial act or 'esse,' manifests itself socially/culturally in the flesh. Culture is thereby the expression of the human soul. What then follows is a metaphysical investigation of why cultures live (this includes focuses on Aquinas, Eliade, Pieper) and why they die (focuses include Spengler, Schweitzer, Voegelin). The conclusion touches on the restoration of culture.
- Published
- 2003
14. The Stoics on ambiguity
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Atherton, C.
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100 ,Linguistic ambiguity - Published
- 1986
15. Postoperative Intractable Headache Resolving after Occipital Nerve Block
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Atherton C, Atherton Ml, Burckhardt K, Varbanova M, and Grigorov Mv
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Occipital Nerve Block ,Direct Laryngoscopy Complication ,business.industry ,Anesthesia ,Headache ,Medicine ,Occipital nerve block ,business ,Occipital Neuralgia - Abstract
We present the case of a 59-year-oldman who had an unusual severe and debilitating postoperative headache and its challenging management. The patient had undergone a routine general anesthetic through his permanent tracheal stoma for this 30 minutes procedure of direct laryngoscopy and esophagoscopy with esophageal dilation. Upon arrival at recovery room, patient complained of a severe, debilitating headache not responding to aggressive pharmacologic treatment, which resolved utilizing a novel treatment. Performing an occipital nerve block in the recovery room provided rapid and complete resolution of this condition, thus avoiding further escalation of additional medication with potential unnecessary side effects and further workup and consultations. We also offer a discussion of this condition and its treatment. Herein, we review current literature from the fields of anesthesiology, neurology and otolaryngology. This case emphasizes the impact of patient positioning regardless of duration of the procedure. It stresses on the need for awareness among anesthesia providers of the patient’s preexisting neck pathology and its possible contribution to severe postoperative headaches, resistant to pharmacologic treatment. We discuss the role of the occipital nerve block as a simple therapeutic modality for resolution of this debilitating morbidity in the postoperative period.
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- 2017
16. Survival of Cryptosporidium species in environments relevant to foods and beverages
- Author
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Dawson, D. J., Samuel, C. M., Scrannage, V., and Atherton, C. J.
- Published
- 2004
17. Gastrointestinal safety of AZD3582, a cyclooxygenase inhibiting nitric oxide donator: proof of concept study in humans
- Author
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Hawkey, C J, Jones, J I, Atherton, C T, Skelly, M M, Bebb, J R, Fagerholm, U, Jonzon, B, Karlsson, P, and Bjarnason, I T
- Published
- 2003
18. Condemned to time: the limits of Merleau-Ponty's quest for being
- Author
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Lowry, Atherton C.
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Ontology -- Portrayals ,Time -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes ,Soul -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes ,Philosophy and religion - Published
- 1991
19. Classifying variability of material properties in mine waste rock
- Author
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Barsi, D. R., primary, Beier, N. A., additional, Sego, D. C., additional, Atherton, C., additional, Blowes, D., additional, Smith, L., additional, and Amos, R., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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20. IMPACT, a Coupled Tropospheric/Stratospheric Chemistry Model: Analysis and Comparison of Results to Observations
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Rotman, D, primary, Atherton, C, additional, Bergmann, D, additional, Cameron-Smith, P, additional, Chuang, C, additional, Connell, P, additional, Dignon, J, additional, Franz, A, additional, Grant, K, additional, Mirin, A, additional, Molenkamp, C, additional, and Tannahill, J, additional
- Published
- 2000
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21. The Role of the Mathematics Teacher in Our Defense Program
- Author
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Atherton, C. R.
- Published
- 1941
22. Infection rates following instrumented spinal surgery
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Atherton, C., primary, Cruickshank, J., additional, Van Popta, D., additional, and Sarsam, Z., additional
- Published
- 2016
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23. [Untitled]
- Author
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Atherton C. Lowry and Michael Baur
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Philosophy ,Metaphysics ,General Medicine ,Epistemology - Published
- 2003
24. Tropospheric nitrogen: The influence of anthropogenic sources on distributions and deposition: Executive summary
- Author
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Penner, J, primary, Atherton, C, additional, and Walton, J, additional
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
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25. The influence of ozone precursor emissions from four world regions on tropospheric composition and radiative climate forcing
- Author
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Fry, M.M., Naik, V., Duncan, B.N., Hess, P., MacKenzie, I.A., Marmer, E., Schultz, M.G., Szopa, S., Wild, O., Zeng, G., West, J.J., Schwarzkopf, M.D., Fiore, A.M., Collins, W.J., Dentener, F.J., Shindell, D.T., Atherton, C., and Bergmann, D.
- Subjects
ddc:550 - Abstract
Ozone (O-3) precursor emissions influence regional and global climate and air quality through changes in tropospheric O-3 and oxidants, which also influence methane (CH4) and sulfate aerosols (SO42-). We examine changes in the tropospheric composition of O-3, CH4, SO42- and global net radiative forcing (RF) for 20% reductions in global CH4 burden and in anthropogenic O-3 precursor emissions (NOx, NMVOC, and CO) from four regions (East Asia, Europe and Northern Africa, North America, and South Asia) using the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Source-Receptor global chemical transport model (CTM) simulations, assessing uncertainty (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) across multiple CTMs. We evaluate steady state O-3 responses, including long-term feedbacks via CH4. With a radiative transfer model that includes greenhouse gases and the aerosol direct effect, we find that regional NOx reductions produce global, annually averaged positive net RFs (0.2 +/- 0.6 to 1.7 +/- 2 mWm(-2)/TgN yr(-1)), with some variation among models. Negative net RFs result from reductions in global CH4 (-162.6 +/- 2 mWm(-2) for a change from 1760 to 1408 ppbv CH4) and regional NMVOC (-0.4 +/- 0.2 to -0.7 +/- 0.2 mWm(-2)/Tg C yr(-1)) and CO emissions (-0.13 +/- 0.02 to -0.15 +/- 0.02 mWm(-2)/Tg CO yr(-1)). Including the effect of O-3 on CO2 uptake by vegetation likely makes these net RFs more negative by -1.9 to -5.2 mWm(-2)/Tg N yr(-1), -0.2 to -0.7 mWm(-2)/Tg C yr(-1), and -0.02 to -0.05 mWm(-2)/Tg CO yr(-1). Net RF impacts reflect the distribution of concentration changes, where RF is affected locally by changes in SO42-, regionally to hemispherically by O-3, and globally by CH4. Global annual average SO42- responses to oxidant changes range from 0.4 +/- 2.6 to -1.9 +/- 1.3 Gg for NOx reductions, 0.1 +/- 1.2 to -0.9 +/- 0.8 Gg for NMVOC reductions, and -0.09 +/- 0.5 to -0.9 +/- 0.8 Gg for CO reductions, suggesting additional research is needed. The 100-year global warming potentials (GWP(100)) are calculated for the global CH4 reduction (20.9 +/- 3.7 without stratospheric O-3 or water vapor, 24.2 +/- 4.2 including those components), and for the regional NOx, NMVOC, and CO reductions (-18.7 +/- 25.9 to -1.9 +/- 8.7 for NOx, 4.8 +/- 1.7 to 8.3 +/- 1.9 for NMVOC, and 1.5 +/- 0.4 to 1.7 +/- 0.5 for CO). Variation in GWP(100) for NOx, NMVOC, and CO suggests that regionally specific GWPs may be necessary and could support the inclusion
- Published
- 2012
26. A Contemporary Challenge to Religion
- Author
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Atherton C. Lowry
- Subjects
Philosophy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Religious studies ,Ethnology ,Humanities ,Eternity ,media_common - Abstract
Face a la menace que represente pour la religion la reduction de l'eternite au temps chez Heidegger, l'A. etudie la defense de la tradition chretienne chez Kierkegaard et Saint Thomas d'Aquin. Il apparait que les deux penseurs accordent un role important a l'eternite, c'est-a-dire au Dieu eternel, dans la comprehension de l'essence du sacre tel que le definit M. Eliade
- Published
- 1994
27. Condemned to Time
- Author
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Atherton C. Lowry
- Subjects
Philosophy ,Psychoanalysis ,Merleau ponty - Published
- 1991
28. Global ozone and air quality: a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops
- Author
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Ellingsen, K., Gauss, M., Dingenen, R., Dentener, F. J., Emberson, L., Fiore, Arlene M., Schultz, M. G., Stevenson, D. S., Ashmore, M. R., Atherton, C. S., Bergmann, D. J., Bey, I., Butler, T., Drevet, J., Eskes, H., Hauglustaine, D. A., Isaksen, I. S. A., Horowitz, L. W., Krol, M., Lamarque, J. F., Lawrence, M. G., Noije, T., Pyle, J., Rast, S., Rodriguez, J., Savage, N., Strahan, S., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., Oliver Wild, University of Oslo (UiO), Joint Research Centre, Stockholm Environment Institute, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Edinburgh, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere - Abstract
International audience; Within ACCENT, a European Network of Excellence, eighteen atmospheric models from the U.S., Europe, and Japan calculated present (2000) and future (2030) concentrations of ozone at the Earth's surface with hourly temporal resolution. Comparison of model results with surface ozone measurements in 14 world regions indicates that levels and seasonality of surface ozone in North America and Europe are characterized well by global models, with annual average biases typically within 5–10 nmol/mol. However, comparison with rather sparse observations over some regions suggest that most models overestimate annual ozone by 15–20 nmol/mol in some locations. Two scenarios from the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and one from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC SRES) have been implemented in the models. This study focuses on changes in near-surface ozone and their effects on human health and vegetation. Different indices and air quality standards are used to characterise air quality. We show that often the calculated changes in the different indices are closely inter-related. Indices using lower thresholds are more consistent between the models, and are recommended for global model analysis. Our analysis indicates that currently about two-thirds of the regions considered do not meet health air quality standards, whereas only 2–4 regions remain below the threshold. Calculated air quality exceedances show moderate deterioration by 2030 if current emissions legislation is followed and slight improvements if current emissions reduction technology is used optimally. For the "business as usual" scenario severe air quality problems are predicted. We show that model simulations of air quality indices are particularly sensitive to how well ozone is represented, and improved accuracy is needed for future projections. Additional measurements are needed to allow a more quantitative assessment of the risks to human health and vegetation from changing levels of surface ozone.
- Published
- 2008
29. The KIDSCREEN-52 quality of life measure for children and adolescents: Psychometric results from a cross-cultural survey in 13 European countries
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Ravens-Sieberer, U., Gosch, A., Rajmil, L., Erhart, M., Bruil, J., Power, M., Duer, W., Auquier, P., Cloetta, B., Czemy, L., Mazur, J., Czimbalmos, A., Tountas, Y., Hagquist, C., Kilroe, J., Fuerth, K., Simeoni, M.-C., Robitail, S., Nickel, J., Kurth, B.M., Rüden, U. von, Dimitrakakis, C., Aszman, A., Keenaghan, C., Detmar, S., Veripps, E., Mierzejeswka, E., Berra, S., Tebé, C., Herdman, M., Alonso, J., Abel, T., Bisegger, C., Farley, C., Atherton, C., Phillips, K., and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Male ,Questionnaires ,Internationality ,Research methodology ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Cultural sensitivity ,Child Welfare ,Major clinical study ,Child psychology ,Validity ,Humans ,Physical disease ,Cultural Competency ,Child ,Child health ,Measurement ,Psychological Tests ,Child and adolescents health ,Rasch analysis ,Reproducibility of Results ,Mental disease ,Cultural Diversity ,Kidscreen 52 questionnaire ,Health Surveys ,Europe ,Logistic Models ,Clinical assessment tool ,Health ,Statistical analysis ,Research Design ,Quality of Life ,Test retest reliability ,School child ,Female - Abstract
Objective: This study assesses the reliability and validity of the European KIDSCREEN-52 generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire for children and adolescents. Research Design: The KIDSCREEN-52, which measures HRQoL in 10 dimensions, was administered to a representative sample of 22,827 children and adolescents (8 to 18 years) in 13 European countries. Psychometric properties were assessed using the Classical Test Theory approach, Rasch analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM). A priori expected associations between KIDSCREEN scales and sociodemographic and health-related factors were examined. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 10 countries. Results: For the overall sample, Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.77 to 0.89. Scaling success (Multitrait Analysis Program) was >97.8% for all dimensions and Rasch analysis item fit (INFITmsq) ranged from 0.80 to 1.27. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.56 to 0.77. No sizeable differential item functioning (DIF) was found by age, sex or health status. Four items showed DIF across countries. The specified SEM fitted the data well (root mean square error of approximation: 0.06, comparative fit index: 0.98). Correlation coefficients between Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, Child Health and Illness Profile-Adolescent Edition, and Youth Quality of Life Instrument scales and KIDSCREEN dimensions assessing similar constructs were moderate for those (r = 0.44 to 0.61). Statistically significant differences between children with and without physical and mental health problems (Children with Special Health Care Needs screener: d = 0.17 to 0.42, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: d = 0.32 to 0.72) were found in all dimensions. All dimensions showed a gradient according to socioeconomic status. Conclusions: The KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire has acceptable levels of reliability and validity. Further work is needed to assess longitudinal validity and sensitivity to change. © 2007, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR).
- Published
- 2008
30. The KIDSCREEN-27 quality of life measure for children and adolescents: Psychometric results from a cross-cultural survey in 13 European countries
- Author
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Ravens-Sieberer, U., Auquier, P., Erhart, M., Gosch, A., Rajmil, L., Bruil, J., Power, M., Duer, W., Cloetta, B., Czemy, L., Mazur, J., Czimbalmos, A., Tountas, Y., Hagquist, C., Kilroe, J., Fuerth, K., Czerny, L., Simeoni, M.C., Robitail, S., Nickel, J., Kurth, B.-M., Rüden, U. von, Dimitrakakis, C., Aszman, A., Flannery, E., Detmar, S., Veripps, E., Mierzejeswka, E., Berra, S., Tebé, C., Herdman, M., Alonso, J., Abel, T., Bisegger, C., Farley, C., Atherton, C., Phillips, K., and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Questionnaires ,Children's and adolescent's health ,Scoring system ,Internationality ,Research methodology ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Culture ,Cultural sensitivity ,Child Welfare ,Major clinical study ,Validity ,Analytic method ,Humans ,Cultural Competency ,Child ,Measurement ,Psychological Tests ,Construct validity ,Research ,Correlation analysis ,Cultural Diversity ,Health Surveys ,Social status ,Europe ,Health ,Quality of Life ,Mental health ,School child ,Female ,Controlled study - Abstract
Objective: To assess the construct and criterion validity of the KIDSCREEN-27 health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire, a shorter version of the KIDSCREEN-52. Methods: The five-dimensional KIDSCREEN-27 was tested in a sample of 22,827. For criterion validity the correlation with and the percentage explained variance of the scores of the KIDSCREEN-52 instrument were examined. Construct validity was assessed by testing a priori expected associations with other generic HRQoL measures (YQOL-S, PedsQL, CHIP), indicators of physical and mental health, and socioeconomic status. Age and gender differences were investigated. Results: Correlation with corresponding scales of the KIDSCREEN-52 ranged from r = 0.63 to r = 0.96, and r2 ranged from 0.39 to 0.92. Correlations between other HRQoL questionnaires and KIDSCREEN-27 dimensions were moderate to high for those assessing similar constructs (r = 0.36 to 0.63). Statistically significant and sizeable differences between physically and mentally healthy and ill children were found in all KIDSCREEN-27 dimensions together with strong associations with psychosomatic complaints (r = -0.52). Most of the KIDSCREEN-27 dimensions showed a gradient according to socio-economic status, age and gender. Conclusions: The KIDSCREEN-27 seems to be a valid measure of HRQoL in children and adolescents. Further research is needed to assess longitudinal validity and sensitivity to change. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
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- 2007
31. Testing the structural and cross-cultural validity of the KIDSCREEN-27 quality of life questionnaire
- Author
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Robitail, S., Ravens-Sieberer, U., Simeoni, M.C., Rajmil, L., Bruil, J., Power, M., Duer, W., Cloetta, B., Czemy, L., Mazur, J., Czimbalmos, A., Tountas, Y., Hagquist, C., Kilroe, J., Auquier, P., Fuerth, K., Czerny, L., Erhart, M., Nickel, J., Kurth, B.-M., Gosch, A., Von Rüden, U., Dimitrakakis, C., Aszman, A., Flannery, E., Detmar, S., Veripps, E., Mierzejeswka, E., Berra, S., Tebé, C., Herdman, M., Alonso, J., Abel, T., Bisegger, C., Farley, C., Atherton, C., Phillips, K., and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Questionnaires ,Health-related Quality of Life ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Culture ,Pilot Projects ,Major clinical study ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Item response theory ,Validity ,Jeugd en Gezondheid ,Cronbach alpha coefficient ,Analytic method ,Cross-cultural equivalence ,Humans ,Cultural Competency ,Child ,Pediatric ,Psychological Tests ,Logistic regression analysis ,Rasch analysis ,Reproducibility of Results ,Cultural Diversity ,Reliability ,Europe ,Factorial analysis ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Health ,Multitrait multimethod ,Quality of Life ,School child ,Female ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Controlled study - Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the structural and cross-cultural validity of the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire. Methods: The 27-item version of the KIDSCREEN instrument was derived from a longer 52-item version and was administered to young people aged 8-18 years in 13 European countries in a cross-sectional survey. Structural and cross-cultural validity were tested using multitrait multi-item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and Rasch analyses. Zumbo's logistic regression method was applied to assess differential item functioning (DIF) across countries. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Results: Responses were obtained from n = 22,827 respondents (response rate 68.9%). For the combined sample from all countries, exploratory factor analysis with procrustean rotations revealed a five-factor structure which explained 56.9% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit (RMSEA = 0.068, CFI = 0.960). The unidimensionality of all dimensions was confirmed (INFIT: 0.81-1.15). Differential item functioning (DIF) results across the 13 countries showed that 5 items presented uniform DIF whereas 10 displayed non-uniform DIF. Reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.78-0.84 for individual dimensions). Conclusions: There was substantial evidence for the cross-cultural equivalence of the KIDSCREEN-27 across the countries studied and the factor structure was highly replicable in individual countries. Further research is needed to correct scores based on DIF results. The KIDSCREEN-27 is a new short and promising tool for use in clinical and epidemiological studies. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
- Published
- 2007
32. Multi-model ensemble simulations of troposphere NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000
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van Noije, T. P. C., Eskes, H.J., Bey, I., Boersma, K. F., Butler, T., Cofala, J., Drevet, J., Fiore, A. M., Gauss, M., Hauglustaine, D. A., Horowitz, L. W., Isaksen, I. S. A., Dentener, F. J., Krol, M. C., Lamarque, J.-F., Lawrence, M. G., Martin, R. V., Montanaro, V., Müller, J.-F., Pitari, G., Prather, M. J., Pyle, J. A., Richter, A., Stevenson, D. S., Rodriguez, J. M., Savage, N. H., Strahan, S.E., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., van Roozendael, M., Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G., Wild, O., Amann, M., Atherton, C. S., and Bergmann, D. J.
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ddc:550 - Abstract
We present a systematic comparison of tropospheric NO2 from 17 global atmospheric chemistry models with three state-of-the-art retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) for the year 2000. The models used constant anthropogenic emissions from IIASA/EDGAR3.2 and monthly emissions from biomass burning based on the 1997 - 2002 average carbon emissions from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED). Model output is analyzed at 10: 30 local time, close to the overpass time of the ERS-2 satellite, and collocated with the measurements to account for sampling biases due to incomplete spatiotemporal coverage of the instrument. We assessed the importance of different contributions to the sampling bias: correlations on seasonal time scale give rise to a positive bias of 30 - 50% in the retrieved annual means over regions dominated by emissions from biomass burning. Over the industrial regions of the eastern United States, Europe and eastern China the retrieved annual means have a negative bias with significant contributions ( between - 25% and + 10% of the NO2 column) resulting from correlations on time scales from a day to a month. We present global maps of modeled and retrieved annual mean NO2 column densities, together with the corresponding ensemble means and standard deviations for models and retrievals. The spatial correlation between the individual models and retrievals are high, typically in the range 0.81 - 0.93 after smoothing the data to a common resolution. On average the models underestimate the retrievals in industrial regions, especially over eastern China and over the Highveld region of South Africa, and overestimate the retrievals in regions dominated by biomass burning during the dry season. The discrepancy over South America south of the Amazon disappears when we use the GFED emissions specific to the year 2000. The seasonal cycle is analyzed in detail for eight different continental regions. Over regions dominated by biomass burning, the timing of the seasonal cycle is generally well reproduced by the models. However, over Central Africa south of the Equator the models peak one to two months earlier than the retrievals. We further evaluate a recent proposal to reduce the NOx emission factors for savanna fires by 40% and find that this leads to an improvement of the amplitude of the seasonal cycle over the biomass burning regions of Northern and Central Africa. In these regions the models tend to underestimate the retrievals during the wet season, suggesting that the soil emissions are higher than assumed in the models. In general, the discrepancies between models and retrievals cannot be explained by a priori profile assumptions made in the retrievals, neither by diurnal variations in anthropogenic emissions, which lead to a marginal reduction of the NO2 abundance at 10: 30 local time ( by 2.5 - 4.1% over Europe). Overall, there are significant differences among the various models and, in particular, among the three retrievals. The discrepancies among the retrievals ( 10 - 50% in the annual mean over polluted regions) indicate that the previously estimated retrieval uncertainties have a large systematic component. Our findings imply that top-down estimations of NOx emissions from satellite retrievals of tropospheric NO2 are strongly dependent on the choice of model and retrieval.
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- 2006
33. MULTI-MODEL ENSEMBLE SIMULATIONS OF TROPOSPHERIC NO2 COMPARED WITH GOME RETRIEVALS FOR THE YEAR 2000
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Van, Noije, T. P. C., Eskes, H. J., Dentener, F. J., Stevenson, D. S., Ellingsen, K., Schultz, M. G., Wild, O., Amann, M., Atherton, C. S., Bergmann, D. J., Bey, I., Boersma, K. F., Butler, T., Cofala, J., Drevet, J., Fiore, A. M., Gauss, M., Hauglustaine, D. A., Horowitz, L. W., Isaksen, I. S. A., Krol, M. C., Lamarque, J. F., Lawrence, M. G., Martin, R. V., Montanaro, V., Müller, J. F., Pitari, Giovanni, Prather, M. J., Pyle, J. A., Richter, A., Rodriguez, J. M., Savage, N. H., Strahan, S. E., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and VAN ROOZENDAEL, AND M.
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- 2006
34. Nitrogen and sulfar desposition on regional and global scales: A multimodel evaluation
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Dentener, F., Drevet, J., Lamarque, J.F., Bey, I., Eickhout, B., Fiore, A.M., Hauglustaine, D., Horowitz, L.W., Krol, M.C., Kulshrestha, U.C., Lawrence, M., Galy-Lacaux, C., Rast, S., Shindell, D., Stevenson, D., van Noije, T., Atherton, C., Bell, N., Bergman, D., Butler, T., Cofala, J., Collins, B., Doherty, R., Ellingsen, K., Galloway, J., Gauss, M., Montanaro, V., Müller, J.F., Pitari, G., Rodriguez, J., Sanderson, M., Solmon, F., Strahan, S., Schultz, M., Sudo, K., Szopa, S., and Wild, O.
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Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit ,future ,tropospheric ozone ,WIMEK ,model ,Meteorology and Air Quality ,cycle ,emissions ,ammonia ,aerocom ,ecosystems ,europe ,biodiversity hotspots - Abstract
We use 23 atmospheric chemistry transport models to calculate current and future (2030) deposition of reactive nitrogen (NOy, NHx) and sulfate (SOx) to land and ocean surfaces. The models are driven by three emission scenarios: (1) current air quality legislation (CLE); (2) an optimistic case of the maximum emissions reductions currently technologically feasible (MFR); and (3) the contrasting pessimistic IPCC SRES A2 scenario. An extensive evaluation of the present-day deposition using nearly all information on wet deposition available worldwide shows a good agreement with observations in Europe and North America, where 60–70% of the model-calculated wet deposition rates agree to within ±50% with quality-controlled measurements. Models systematically overestimate NHx deposition in South Asia, and underestimate NOy deposition in East Asia. We show that there are substantial differences among models for the removal mechanisms of NOy, NHx, and SOx, leading to ±1 s variance in total deposition fluxes of about 30% in the anthropogenic emissions regions, and up to a factor of 2 outside. In all cases the mean model constructed from the ensemble calculations is among the best when comparing to measurements. Currently, 36–51% of all NOy, NHx, and SOx is deposited over the ocean, and 50–80% of the fraction of deposition on land falls on natural (nonagricultural) vegetation. Currently, 11% of the world's natural vegetation receives nitrogen deposition in excess of the “critical load” threshold of 1000 mg(N) m-2 yr-1. The regions most affected are the United States (20% of vegetation), western Europe (30%), eastern Europe (80%), South Asia (60%), East Asia (40%), southeast Asia (30%), and Japan (50%). Future deposition fluxes are mainly driven by changes in emissions, and less importantly by changes in atmospheric chemistry and climate. The global fraction of vegetation exposed to nitrogen loads in excess of 1000 mg(N) m-2 yr-1 increases globally to 17% for CLE and 25% for A2. In MFR, the reductions in NOy are offset by further increases for NHx deposition. The regions most affected by exceedingly high nitrogen loads for CLE and A2 are Europe and Asia, but also parts of Africa.
- Published
- 2006
35. KIDSCREEN-52 quality-of-life measure for children and adolescents
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Ravens-Sieberer, U., Gosch, A., Rajmil, L., Erhart, M., Bruil, J., Duer, W., Auquier, P., Power, M., Abel, T., Czemy, L., Mazur, J., Czimbalmos, A., Tountas, Y., Hagquist, C., Kilroe, J., Fuerth, K., Robitail, S., Simeoni, M.C., Orbicini, D., von Rueden, U., Dimitrakaki, C., Detmar, S., Verips, E., Mierzejewska, E., Berra, S., Tebé, C., Bisegger, C., Cloetta, B., Atherton, C., and TNO Preventie en Gezondheid
- Subjects
Male ,Quality of life ,Children and adolescents ,Health-related quality of life ,Cultural factor ,Psychosomatic disorder ,Review ,Reliability ,Child care ,Crosscultural comparison ,Validity ,Clinical research ,Social status ,Europe ,Correlation coefficient ,Health ,Information processing ,Validation process ,Female ,Interview ,Questionnaire development ,Psychometry ,Human ,Pilot study - Abstract
This study describes the development and reports the first psychometric results of the European KIDSCREEN-52 generic health-related quality-of-life questionnaire for children and adolescents. The KIDSCREEN-52, including ten dimensions, was applied in a European survey involving 12 countries (i.e., Austria, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Hungary, The Netherlands, Poland, Sweden and the UK) and 22,110 children and adolescents aged between 8 and 18 years of age. Questionnaire development included a literature search, expert consultation, and focus group discussions with children and adolescents. After definition of dimensions and collection of items, a translation process following international translation guidelines, cognitive interviews and a pilot test were performed. Analysis regarding psychometric properties showed Cronbach-α ranged from 0.77 to 0.89. Correlation coefficients between KINDLR and KIDSCREEN-52 dimensions were high for those assessing similar constructs (r = 0.51-0.68). All KIDSCREEN-52 dimensions showed a gradient according to socioeconomic status and most dimensions showed a gradient according to psychosomatic health complaints. The first results demonstrate that the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire is a promising cross-cultural measure of health-related quality-of-life assessment for children and adolescents in Europe. © 2005 Future Drugs Ltd.
- Published
- 2005
36. Generic health-related quality of life instruments in children and adolescents: A qualitative analysis of content
- Author
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Rajmil, L., Herdman, M., Fernandez De Sanmamed, M.J., Detmar, S., Bruil, J., Ravens-Sieberer, U., Bullinger, M., Simeoni, M.C., Auquier, P., Abel, T., Atherton, C., Aymerich, M., Bauer, M., Bellach, B.M., Bisegger, C., Cloetta, B., Dür, W., Erhart, M., Farley, C., Gosch, A., Kurth, B.M., Phillips, K., Power, M., Robitail, S., Rüden, U. von, Verrips, E., and TNO Preventie en Gezondheid
- Subjects
Questionnaires ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Health-related quality of life ,Health Status ,Dutch children AZL TNO questionnaire quality of life ,Child health and illness profile ,Sickness Impact Profile ,Psychological aspect ,Validation process ,Humans ,Child Psychology ,Child ,Generic instruments ,Child health ,Child health questionnaire ,German quality of life questionnaire ,Physical activity ,Vecu de sante percue adolescent ,humanities ,Health ,Social aspect ,Quality of Life ,Generic child questionnaire ,Adolescent Psychology ,Attitude to Health ,Content analysis ,Pediatric quality of life inventory - Abstract
Purpose: To determine the extent of differences and similarities in content between heath-related quality of life (HRQOL) instruments for children and adolescents. Methods: A descriptive and explanatory qualitative approach was carried out. Instruments specifically designed for use with children or adolescents were included. To assure the validity of the findings a triangulation of the analysis and 'member checking' were performed. Results: Ten questionnaires were analyzed. All of them included items referring to physical, psychological, and social aspects of health. A relatively low number of categories explained the content of the questionnaires. Conclusions: A reasonably coherent notion of HRQOL underlies instruments available for children and adolescents. HRQOL measurement in young people is still in its developmental step. © Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004.
- Published
- 2004
37. O204 A comparative study of antenatal care received by women of ethnic minorities and White/British women in Bolton, UK
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Dhanaliwala, A., primary, Das, S., additional, Atherton, C., additional, and Bancroft, K., additional
- Published
- 2009
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38. Multimodel estimates of intercontinental source-receptor relationships for ozone pollution
- Author
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Fiore, A. M., primary, Dentener, F. J., additional, Wild, O., additional, Cuvelier, C., additional, Schultz, M. G., additional, Hess, P., additional, Textor, C., additional, Schulz, M., additional, Doherty, R. M., additional, Horowitz, L. W., additional, MacKenzie, I. A., additional, Sanderson, M. G., additional, Shindell, D. T., additional, Stevenson, D. S., additional, Szopa, S., additional, Van Dingenen, R., additional, Zeng, G., additional, Atherton, C., additional, Bergmann, D., additional, Bey, I., additional, Carmichael, G., additional, Collins, W. J., additional, Duncan, B. N., additional, Faluvegi, G., additional, Folberth, G., additional, Gauss, M., additional, Gong, S., additional, Hauglustaine, D., additional, Holloway, T., additional, Isaksen, I. S. A., additional, Jacob, D. J., additional, Jonson, J. E., additional, Kaminski, J. W., additional, Keating, T. J., additional, Lupu, A., additional, Marmer, E., additional, Montanaro, V., additional, Park, R. J., additional, Pitari, G., additional, Pringle, K. J., additional, Pyle, J. A., additional, Schroeder, S., additional, Vivanco, M. G., additional, Wind, P., additional, Wojcik, G., additional, Wu, S., additional, and Zuber, A., additional
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Public Intellectuals and the Schoolteacher Audience: The First Ten Years of the Critical Quarterly
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Atherton, C., primary
- Published
- 2008
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40. Supplementary material to "Global ozone and air quality: a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops"
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Ellingsen, K., primary, Gauss, M., additional, Van Dingenen, R., additional, Dentener, F. J., additional, Emberson, L., additional, Fiore, A. M., additional, Schultz, M. G., additional, Stevenson, D. S., additional, Ashmore, M. R., additional, Atherton, C. S., additional, Bergmann, D. J., additional, Bey, I., additional, Butler, T., additional, Drevet, J., additional, Eskes, H., additional, Hauglustaine, D. A., additional, Isaksen, I. S. A., additional, Horowitz, L. W., additional, Krol, M., additional, Lamarque, J. F., additional, Lawrence, M. G., additional, van Noije, T., additional, Pyle, J., additional, Rast, S., additional, Rodriguez, J., additional, Savage, N., additional, Strahan, S., additional, Sudo, K., additional, Szopa, S., additional, and Wild, O., additional
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- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Global ozone and air quality: a multi-model assessment of risks to human health and crops
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Ellingsen, K., primary, Gauss, M., additional, Van Dingenen, R., additional, Dentener, F. J., additional, Emberson, L., additional, Fiore, A. M., additional, Schultz, M. G., additional, Stevenson, D. S., additional, Ashmore, M. R., additional, Atherton, C. S., additional, Bergmann, D. J., additional, Bey, I., additional, Butler, T., additional, Drevet, J., additional, Eskes, H., additional, Hauglustaine, D. A., additional, Isaksen, I. S. A., additional, Horowitz, L. W., additional, Krol, M., additional, Lamarque, J. F., additional, Lawrence, M. G., additional, van Noije, T., additional, Pyle, J., additional, Rast, S., additional, Rodriguez, J., additional, Savage, N., additional, Strahan, S., additional, Sudo, K., additional, Szopa, S., additional, and Wild, O., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Stationary and Nonstationary Fluid Flow of a Bose-Einstein Condensate Through a Penetrable Barrier
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Engels, P., primary and Atherton, C., additional
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- 2007
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43. Observation of Faraday Waves in a Bose-Einstein Condensate
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Engels, P., primary, Atherton, C., additional, and Hoefer, M. A., additional
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Multimodel ensemble simulations of present‐day and near‐future tropospheric ozone
- Author
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Stevenson, D. S., primary, Dentener, F. J., additional, Schultz, M. G., additional, Ellingsen, K., additional, van Noije, T. P. C., additional, Wild, O., additional, Zeng, G., additional, Amann, M., additional, Atherton, C. S., additional, Bell, N., additional, Bergmann, D. J., additional, Bey, I., additional, Butler, T., additional, Cofala, J., additional, Collins, W. J., additional, Derwent, R. G., additional, Doherty, R. M., additional, Drevet, J., additional, Eskes, H. J., additional, Fiore, A. M., additional, Gauss, M., additional, Hauglustaine, D. A., additional, Horowitz, L. W., additional, Isaksen, I. S. A., additional, Krol, M. C., additional, Lamarque, J.‐F., additional, Lawrence, M. G., additional, Montanaro, V., additional, Müller, J.‐F., additional, Pitari, G., additional, Prather, M. J., additional, Pyle, J. A., additional, Rast, S., additional, Rodriguez, J. M., additional, Sanderson, M. G., additional, Savage, N. H., additional, Shindell, D. T., additional, Strahan, S. E., additional, Sudo, K., additional, and Szopa, S., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Global Atmospheric Environment for the Next Generation
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Dentener, F., primary, Stevenson, D., additional, Ellingsen, K., additional, van Noije, T., additional, Schultz, M., additional, Amann, M., additional, Atherton, C., additional, Bell, N., additional, Bergmann, D., additional, Bey, I., additional, Bouwman, L., additional, Butler, T., additional, Cofala, J., additional, Collins, B., additional, Drevet, J., additional, Doherty, R., additional, Eickhout, B., additional, Eskes, H., additional, Fiore, A., additional, Gauss, M., additional, Hauglustaine, D., additional, Horowitz, L., additional, Isaksen, I. S. A., additional, Josse, B., additional, Lawrence, M., additional, Krol, M., additional, Lamarque, J. F., additional, Montanaro, V., additional, Müller, J. F., additional, Peuch, V. H., additional, Pitari, G., additional, Pyle, J., additional, Rast, S., additional, Rodriguez, J., additional, Sanderson, M., additional, Savage, N. H., additional, Shindell, D., additional, Strahan, S., additional, Szopa, S., additional, Sudo, K., additional, Van Dingenen, R., additional, Wild, O., additional, and Zeng, G., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Multi-model ensemble simulations of tropospheric NO2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000
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van Noije, T. P. C., primary, Eskes, H. J., additional, Dentener, F. J., additional, Stevenson, D. S., additional, Ellingsen, K., additional, Schultz, M. G., additional, Wild, O., additional, Amann, M., additional, Atherton, C. S., additional, Bergmann, D. J., additional, Bey, I., additional, Boersma, K. F., additional, Butler, T., additional, Cofala, J., additional, Drevet, J., additional, Fiore, A. M., additional, Gauss, M., additional, Hauglustaine, D. A., additional, Horowitz, L. W., additional, Isaksen, I. S. A., additional, Krol, M. C., additional, Lamarque, J.-F., additional, Lawrence, M. G., additional, Martin, R. V., additional, Montanaro, V., additional, Müller, J.-F., additional, Pitari, G., additional, Prather, M. J., additional, Pyle, J. A., additional, Richter, A., additional, Rodriguez, J. M., additional, Savage, N. H., additional, Strahan, S. E., additional, Sudo, K., additional, Szopa, S., additional, and van Roozendael, M., additional
- Published
- 2006
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- View/download PDF
47. Power Distribution Measurements of the Dual Core PowerPC/sup TM/ 970MP Microprocessor
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Hamann, H.F., primary, Weger, A., additional, Lacey, J., additional, Cohen, E., additional, and Atherton, C., additional
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- 2006
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48. Transformation of the Welfare State: The Silent Surrender of Public Responsibility. Neil Gilbert. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004, 220 pages. ISBN: 0-19-517657-X $16.95 paperback
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Atherton, C. R., primary
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- 2005
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- View/download PDF
49. IMPACT, the LLNL 3‐D global atmospheric chemical transport model for the combined troposphere and stratosphere: Model description and analysis of ozone and other trace gases
- Author
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Rotman, D. A., primary, Atherton, C. S., additional, Bergmann, D. J., additional, Cameron‐Smith, P. J., additional, Chuang, C. C., additional, Connell, P. S., additional, Dignon, J. E., additional, Franz, A., additional, Grant, K. E., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Molenkamp, C. R., additional, Proctor, D. D., additional, and Tannahill, J. R., additional
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Climatologies of NOxx and NOy: A comparison of data and models
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Emmons, L.K., primary, Carroll, M.A., additional, Hauglustaine, D.A., additional, Brasseur, G.P., additional, Atherton, C., additional, Penner, J., additional, Sillman, S., additional, Levy, H., additional, Rohrer, F., additional, Wauben, W.M.F., additional, Van Velthoven, P.F.J., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Jacob, D., additional, Bakwin, P., additional, Dickerson, R., additional, Doddridge, B., additional, Gerbig, C., additional, Honrath, R., additional, Hübler, G., additional, Jaffe, D., additional, Kondo, Y., additional, Munger, J.W., additional, Torres, A., additional, and Volz-Thomas, A., additional
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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