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Atherinella milleri (Bussing, 1979). Miller���s Silverside; Pejerrey de Miller. Distribution: Global: Western Atlantic Ocean; from northern Honduras to Colombia; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: LN, RF, SJ, SC, Sa, To, Pa, Ma and Si (Atlantic), 0��� 40 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Bussing (1979b: 395; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution and ecology; 1987: 160, as Melaniris milleri ���synonym; 1998: 243; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2013: 995; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 3235; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Bussing, W. A. (1979 b) Taxonomic status of the atherinid fish genus Melaniris in lower Central America, with the description of three new species. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 26 (2), 391 - 413.","Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Atherinella blackburni (Schultz, 1949). Beach Silverside; Tin��calo. Distribution: Global: Western Atlantic Ocean; from Quintana Roo, Mexico, to northern Brazil entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: To (Atlantic), 0��� 3 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Angulo et al. (2013: 995; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 3232; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Atherinella argentea Chernoff, 1986. Longfin Silverside, Moon Silverside; Pejerrey, Plateadito. Distribution: Global: Eastern Pacific Ocean; from Guatemala to western Panama; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: (Atlantic), Ni, Te, Be, Ba, Ta, Pi, Tr and Co (Pacific), 0��� 7 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Bussing (1987: 158, as Melaniris guatemalensis (G��nther 1864) ���missidentification; 1998: 237; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2013: 995; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data) and Robertson & Allen (2015: 2528; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Atherinella hubbsi (Bussing, 1979). Hubbsi���s Silverside; Pejerrey de Hubbsi. Distribution: Global: Middle America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; Costa Rica: LN, RF, SJ, SC, Sa, To, Pa and Ma (Atlantic), 35��� 540 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, NT. References: Bussing (1979b: 400; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution and ecology; 1987: 159, as Melaniris hubbsi ���synonym; 1998: 241; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo et al. (2013: 995; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Bussing, W. A. (1979 b) Taxonomic status of the atherinid fish genus Melaniris in lower Central America, with the description of three new species. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 26 (2), 391 - 413."]}

Atherinella chagresi (Meek & Hildebrand, 1914). Chagres Silverside; Pejerrey de Chagres. Distribution: Global: Western Atlantic and eastern Pacific (introduced) Oceans; from northern Nicaragua to Central Panama in the western Atlantic; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; Costa Rica: To, Pa, Ma and Si (Atlantic), 8��� 60 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, LC. References: Bussing (1966: 237, as Melaniris chagresi ���synonym; listed, information on distribution), Bussing (1987: 157, as M. chagresi ���synonym; 1998: 240; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), Angulo et al. (2013: 995; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data), Robertson & Allen (2015: 3234; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 3234; detailed description, including illustrations, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630, {"references":["Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021).","Robertson, D. R. & Van Tassell, J. (2019) Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean: online information system. Version 2.0 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / caribbean / en / pages (accessed 27 August 2021)."]}

Atherinella sardina (Meek, 1907). Nicaraguan Silverside; Pejerrey Nicaraguense. Distribution: Global: Middle America; from southern Nicaragua to northern Costa Rica, Atlantic drainages; Costa Rica: LN (Atlantic), 0���40 m.a.s.l., Per, Dia. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat, VU. References: Bussing (1987: 161, as Melaniris sardina ���synonym; 1998: 244; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo et al. (2013: 995; listed, including taxonomic information and distributional data)., Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, 2021, New records and range extensions to the Costa Rican freshwater fish fauna, with an updated checklist, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 5083 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5800630

Atherinella nepenthe (Myers & Wade, 1942). Pitcher Silverside. To 10 cm (3.9 in) TL (Lavenberg and Chernoff in Fischer et al. 1995). Punta Abreojos, southern Baja California (Watson in Moser 1996) to Peru (10°34’S, 77°56’W) (Chirichigno and Vélez 1998), including southeast corner of Baja California (Robertson and Allen 2015). Depth: surf, upper water column near shore to 10 m (33 ft) (min.: Watson in Moser 1996; max.: Robertson and Allen 2002)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Moser, H. G. (Ed.). (1996) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. CALCOFI Atlas, No. 33.","Chirichigno, F. N. & Velez D, J. (1998) Clave para identificaticar los peces marinos del Peru (segunda edicion, revisada y actualizada). Instituto de Mar de Peru Publicacion Especial.","Robertson, D. R. and Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: an Information System. Version 2.0 (2008). Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa. http: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama."]}

Atherinella eriarcha Jordan & Gilbert, 1882. Longfin Silverside. To at least 8.5 cm (3.3 in) SL (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California). Bah��a San Hip��lito, southern Baja California (Watson in Moser 1996) to Colombia (Lavenberg and Chernoff in Fischer et al. 1995), including lower Gulf of California (Lavenberg and Chernoff in Fischer et al. 1995). Depth: surface (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California), intertidal to 15 m (50 ft) (min.: Robertson and Allen 2002; max.: Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 92, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Moser, H. G. (Ed.). (1996) The early stages of fishes in the California Current region. CALCOFI Atlas, No. 33.","Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (1995) Guia FAO para la identificacion para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Volume II, Vertebrados, Parte 1. Volume III, Vertebrados, Parte 2. FAO, Rome.","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama."]}

Resumen Se describe un espécimen fósil de Atherinella, colectado en capas de tobitas del Plioceno Inferior de la Formación Bagaces, aflorantes en las proximidades de la ciudad de Las Juntas en la provincia de Guanacaste. El hallazgo sugiere un ambiente estuarino de aguas salobres, lo que es concordante con observaciones previas fundamentadas en el registro fósil de invertebrados marinos de otras localidades de esta misma formación. Este nuevo registro fósil es importante, pues ayuda a comprender la distribución biogeográfica actual de dicho género, la cual probablemente obedeció a eventos tectónico. Abstract A fossil specimen of Atherinella collected from Lower Pliocene tuffites deposits of the Bagaces Formation outcropping near of Las Juntas city, in Guanacaste province, is described. This found suggests a brackish estuarine environment which is in concordance with the previous observations based on the fossil record of marine invertebrates from other locations of this formation. This new record fossil is important to understand the recent biogeographic distribution of genus, which it probably was due to tectonic events.

A fossil specimen of Atherinella collected from Lower Pliocene tuffites deposits of the Bagaces Formation outcropping near of Las Juntas city, in Guanacaste province, is described. This found suggests a brackish estuarine environment which is in concordance with the previous observations based on the fossil record of marine invertebrates from other locations of this formation. This new record fossil is important to understand the recent biogeographic distribution of genus, which it probably was due to tectonic events. Se describe un espécimen fósil de Atherinella, colectado en capas de tobitas del Plioceno Inferior de la Formación Bagaces, aflorantes en las proximidades de la ciudad de Las Juntas en la provincia de Guanacaste. El hallazgo sugiere un ambiente estuarino de aguas salobres, lo que es concordante con observaciones previas fundamentadas en el registro fósil de invertebrados marinos de otras localidades de esta misma formación. Este nuevo registro fósil es importante, pues ayuda a comprender la distribución biogeográfica actual de dicho género, la cual probablemente obedeció a eventos tectónico.