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With the growing threat of organic pollutants in water bodies, there is an urgent need for sustainable and efficient water decontamination methods. This research focused on synthesizing a novel Z-scheme ternary heterostructure composed of graphene oxide (GO)-mediated polyaniline (PANI) with α-Fe 2 O 3 and investigated its potential in brilliant green (BrG) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation tests under visible light. The ternary composite demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic activity, with the optimized 10%PANI/GO/α-Fe 2 O 3 (10PGF) photocatalyst achieving 99.8% degradation of BrG in 25 min and 93% degradation of CIP in 90 min of irradiation. The 10PGF composite achieved rate constants of 0.222 min -1 for BrG and 0.0295 min -1 for CIP. The rate constant for BrG degradation was 15 and 10 times faster than that for PANI and α-Fe 2 O 3 , respectively, while CIP was degraded 8.9 and 6.1 times faster. The degradation of the pollutants was facilitated by both O 2 ˙ - and ˙OH, as confirmed by capturing active species, a nitroblue tetrazolium test and use of a PL terephthalic acid probe. The proposed Z-scheme mechanism elucidated charge carrier movements and active species involvement, revealing the enhanced photocatalytic performance of the ternary composite. The 10PGF ternary composite demonstrated exceptional recyclability over five repeated cycles, with XRD analysis confirming no structural changes in the material. Moreover, adsorption studies were also performed, which showed a strong correlation ( R 2 = 0.974) with Langmuir isotherms and that pseudo-second order kinetics was followed.

A facile solvent-free solid-state method was adapted to synthesize the spherical-shaped Bi 2 WO 6 engraved on phenyl-doped g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet, i.e., Bi 2 WO 6 /Ph-gC 3 N 4 (or BPCN) composites with varying weights of Bi 2 WO 6 . Several spectral analyses were used to characterize all the synthesized nanomaterials. The synthesized photocatalyst showed good absorption under visible light as confirmed by UV-visible DRS analysis. Morphological analyses like SEM and TEM determine the successful fabrication of binary heterocomposite. Further, the elements available in the fabricated binary nanocomposite were confirmed by XPS. The photocatalyst was used for the aerobic photocatalytic degradation of a few colorless pollutants like bisphenol A (BPA, 30 mg L -1 ), a microplastic constituent, and tetracycline (TC, 40 mg L -1 ), an antibiotic derivative to achieve the impressive results. The less intense PL signal obtained for the 20BPCN heterocomposite reveals the remarkable enhancement in e - -h + pair separation and recombination rate. The quenching study, alkaline terephthalic acid photoluminescence test (TA-PL), and NBT phototransformation study explain the formation of reactive species involved in the decomposition process. An oral cancer cell line (A-254) was tested for the anticancer activity analysis of the 20BPCN photocatalyst. Based on the obtained results, a Z-scheme electron transfer mechanism has been proposed for the photodegradation of model compounds., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Electrospun composite nanofiber scaffolds are well known for their bone and tissue regeneration applications. This research is focused on the development of PVP and PVA nanofiber composite scaffolds enriched with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles and alendronate (ALN) using the electrospinning technique. The developed nanofiber scaffolds were investigated for their physicochemical as well as bone regeneration potential. The results obtained from particle size, zeta potential, SEM and EDX analysis of HA nanoparticles confirmed their successful fabrication. Further, SEM analysis verified nanofiber's diameters within 200-250 nm, while EDX analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of HA and ALN into the scaffolds. XRD and TGA analysis revealed the amorphous and thermally stable nature of the nanofiber composite scaffolds. Contact angle, FTIR analysis, Swelling and biodegradability studies revealed the hydrophilicity, chemical compatibility, suitable water uptake capacity and increased in-vitro degradation making it appropriate for tissue regeneration. The addition of HA into nanofiber scaffolds enhanced the physiochemical properties. Additionally, hemolysis cell viability, cell adhesion and proliferation by SEM as well as confocal microscopy and live/dead assay results demonstrated the non-toxic and biocompatibility behavior of nanofiber scaffolds. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assays demonstrated osteoblast promotion and osteoclast inhibition, respectively. These findings suggest that developed HA and ALN-loaded PVP/PVA-ALN-HA nanofiber composite scaffolds hold significant promise for bone regeneration applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Anjum, Arya, Saeed, Ali, Athar, Yulin, Alarifi, Wu, Rajinikanth and Ao.)

Photocatalysis is realized by the design of a visible-light-active catalyst with robust redox capacity and broad absorption. In this study, a series of novel Z-scheme CoNiWO 4 /Ph-gC 3 N 4 photocatalysts are synthesized to improve their redox property and photocatalytic activity toward broad visible light absorption. An intimate stable heterojunction is made between cobalt-nickel tungstate (CoNiWO 4 ) and phenyl-doped graphitic carbon nitride (Ph-gC 3 N 4 ), and its physicochemical properties are studied. The bifunctional properties of all of the synthesized materials were assessed by studying the decomposition of bisphenol A (BPA) and methyl orange (MO) dye as model pollutants, followed by an evaluation of their anticancer activity on human lung cancer cell lines. The photocatalyst with 20 wt % CoNiWO 4 heterocomposite showed an enhanced response toward the removal of cancerous cells. The synthesized pristine CoNiWO 4 and Ph-gC 3 N 4 exhibit well-matched band structures and, hence, make it easier to create a Z-scheme heterocomposite. This may increase the lifetime of photoinduced charge carriers with a high redox power, thereby improving their photocatalytic and anticancer activity. An extensive analysis of the mechanism demonstrates that hydroxyl radicals ( • OH) and superoxide radical anions ( • O 2 - ) are responsible for the degradation of organic compounds via Z-scheme charge transfer approach. These findings point toward a new route for creating effective Co-Ni tungstate-based direct Z-scheme photocatalysts for various redox processes, particularly the mineralization of resistant organic molecules., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Neutrino-induced charged-current single π^{+} production in the Δ(1232) resonance region is of considerable interest to accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments. In this Letter, high statistic differential cross sections are reported for the semiexclusive reaction ν_{μ}A→μ^{-}π^{+}+ nucleon(s) on scintillator, carbon, water, iron, and lead targets recorded by MINERvA using a wideband ν_{μ} beam with ⟨E_{ν}⟩≈6  GeV. Suppression of the cross section at low Q^{2} and enhancement of low T_{π} are observed in both light and heavy nuclear targets compared with phenomenological models used in current neutrino interaction generators. The cross sections per nucleon for iron and lead compared with CH across the kinematic variables probed are 0.8 and 0.5 respectively, a scaling which is also not predicted by current generators.

Vanadium-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots complexed with TiO 2 have been designed using the sol-gel technique and characterized using analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), Fourier transforms Infra Red (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The X-ray diffraction analysis of the composite material showed sharp peaks corresponding to both TiO 2 and ZnS QDs . The FTIR analysis exhibits a strong and broad absorption at 807 cm -1 indicating the assimilation of vanadium metal in the ZnS QDs lattice. The DRS spectra showed a bathochromic shift of 25 nm in the synthesized V-ZnS QDs @TiO 2 composite compared with the pure sample. The photocatalytic performance of the synthesized composite was tested by studying the degradation of two different chromophoric organic dyes, rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB) and a drug derivative paracetamol (PCM) in aqueous suspension under UV-light illumination. Among the synthesized materials, the composite (V-ZnS QDs @TiO 2 ) was established to be more active than the pure ZnS QDs , TiO 2 , and V-ZnS QDs for the degradation of compounds under investigation. The activity of the synthesized catalyst was also tested for the mineralization of all compounds by measuring the depletion in total organic carbon (TOC) at different irradiation times. The results showed that the catalyst degrades the compounds and mineralizes them efficiently. The primary reactive species involved in the photodegradation reaction were determined by quenching studies, terephthalic acid, and NBT probe methods. A probable mechanistic pathway for the decomposition of compounds has been proposed., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Photochemistry Association, European Society for Photobiology.)

The coherent pion production induced by neutrinos in nuclei is studied using a delta hole model in the local density approximation taking into account the renormalization of Delta properties in a nuclear medium. The pion absorption effects are included in an eikonal approximation. These effects give a large reduction in the total cross section. The numerical results for the total cross section are found to be consistent with recent experimental results from the K2K and MiniBooNE Collaborations and other older experiments in the intermediate energy region.

Objective: To assess the results of one-stage repair of anterior hypospadias using modified Mathieu procedure., Design: An interventional study., Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital Karachi, from September 1997 to December 2003., Patients and Methods: All the patients with anterior hypospadias without or with minimal chordee were included. Patients with hypoplastic urethra or re-do surgery were excluded. Modified Mathieu repair was performed in all cases. The modifications used were interrupted inverting sutures of 5/0 polyglycolic acid for urethroplasty; neourethra covering with subcutaneous (dartos) pedicle flap, developed from the preputial or penile shaft skin and dorsal / anterior meatotomy for meatal stenosis., Results: A total of 69 patients with anterior hypospadias were operated using modified Mathieu s repair. Only two patients (2.89%) developed urethrocutaneous fistula. Five patients developed partial devitalisation of the covering skin while one patient had complete breakdown., Conclusion: Modified Mathieu s procedure is an effective method, to repair the anterior hypospadias without or with minimal chordee.

In clinical practice assessment of the mean QRS axis (MQRSA) provides information related either with hypertrophy of the ventricles or conduction blocks. The method adopted by clinicians i.e. the inspection of the QRS voltage in six of the limb leads has inherent element of subjectivity of approximately 10degrees. Moreover, in certain condition, when there is ambiguity about differentiation of left axis deviation assessed by inspection method in to either hypertrophy of left ventricles or complete/hemi block of the left bundle branches, accurate measurement of the axis becomes necessary to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Though a formula based on area under R wave and S-wave of the same QRS complex has been derived for accurate measurement of axis, considering its use in the computer software, working with ordinary electrocardiograph the only method for accurate measurement of the QRS axis is plotting method i. e. the net voltages in Lead-I, and III on their respective axes which is not practicable in clinical settings. Although, calculation of MQRSA by area method gives an accurate assessment of MQRSA, some authors prefer measurement of axis by voltage method, as in cases of the right ventricular hypertrophy with a broad S-wave calculation of axis by area method may give erroneous results. Hence, to obtain correct measurement of MQRSA, we have derived a simplified formula based on the net voltage of QRS complexes in Lead-I and Lead-III. The formula derived is as follows, Tan(theta) =(I + 2III) divided by sqrt [3I], where I and III represent net voltage in Lead-I and III, theta = angle subtended with the axis Lead-I. The value of theta can be found by using scientific calculator or the table. In case net voltage of QRS complex in Lead-I being negative, the value of the theta should be subtracted from 180degrees to find the angle of mean QRS vector.