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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Enfermería Comunitaria (RIdEC) is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Enfermeria Comunitaria de la Asociacion de Enfermeria Comunitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The investment policies for Primary Health Care (PHC) are fundamental to the health system organization. In the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS), this aspect is even more relevant due to its structural role in the system. Despite their importance, studies on investment policies in PHC tend to be more descriptive, contributing little to the understanding of the historical and political process. This paper aims to fill this gap by analyzing the investment policies for PHC in SUS based on the historical neoinstitutionalism perspective. The primary and secondary data were collected through bibliographic review, document collection, and interviews with key actors. The data were analyzed using an inductive approach to associate characteristics of the health system and the Brazilian PHC model with the trajectory of federal funding policies aimed at investments in infrastructure, equipment, and technology in PHC. The results i) identify the strengths and weaknesses in PHC investment policies with a contextual and historical perspective of the contributing factors in this process, and ii) recommend actions, decision-making, and policies divided into the 3 categories – PHC investment history, need to finance PHC, and financing impact of the PHC results. Therefore, this study contributes to PHC and historical neoinstitutionalism studies and points out practical aspects to decision-makers to strengthen the investment policies for PHC in SUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is a widely underestimated issue in middle-income countries. Despite the fact that there is documented evidence of its existence, it is unknown the frequency and perception of GBV in primary care. Understanding this is crucial for the development of intervention strategies that can mitigate the impact of GBV in these communities. Objective: To determine the frequency and perception of GBV in women attending a primary care clinic in the North of Mexico. Material and methods: A descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional survey study was conducted on female adults, beneficiaries from a family medical unit. Demographic data were collected, and the VIDOFyP questionnaire (Domestic Violence: Frequency and Perception Inventory) was used to assess the frequency and perception of GBV in different domains. Results were compared according to demographic variables, using the JASP software. Results: A total of 385 women with an average age of 44.2 years were surveyed. Social violence was the most common, followed by psychological and economic violence. The perception of severity was highest for physical violence. Significant differences in the perception of violence were found based on marital status, with separated women reporting higher levels in various domains. Conclusions: GBV must be addressed in different domains, especially in separation contexts. The results provide valuable information for developing interventions and policies aimed at preventing and supporting women in vulnerable situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary health care (PHC) is an intersectoral strategy for the development of people's health. It includes the organization of medical and health care systems and social development actions on the determinants of health, under the principles of law, equity, social justice, respect for cultural diversity, health promotion, coverage and universal access to all preventive and curative services, use of appropriate technologies and promotion of social and community participation. The MAS-Bienestar health care model in Mexico considers PHC as the foundation of the sustainability of the public health system. It requires a determined policy of strategic training of human resources for health, oriented towards PHC. Key experiences in the training of physicians in PHC are reviewed, presenting the case of the Universidad de la Salud (Unisa, in Spanish) and the curricular proposal of the degree in General and Community Medicine, as clues to reorient training in general medicine. The greatest challenge for the training of health professionals with a PHC approach is to exercise joint leadership of the education and health sectors, to create a national system of strategic training of health personnel, guaranteeing their insertion into the public system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social-Bienestar (IMSS-BIENESTAR, in Spanish), the new institution in charge of providing health care to people without social security in the Mexican states that sign agreements for this purpose, will base its medical care on the model of health care for well-being. This model is based on primary health care, which considers: a) integrated health services to meet the health needs of people throughout their lives; b) addressing the broader determinants of health through multisectoral policies and actions; and c) empowering individuals, families, and communities to take charge of their own health. The goal is to meet needs throughout the continuum that goes from health promotion and disease prevention to treatment, rehabilitation, and palliative care, and as close as possible to people's daily environment. The collective care component will be the responsibility of the Federal and State Health Secretariats, as well as the National Public Health Service in conjunction with the health service operators of the sector. The healthcare component will be the responsibility of IMSS-BIENESTAR. This article presents how IMSS-BIENESTAR will implement this care model over the next few years. It proposes regional and zonal multidisciplinary management teams and outlines the indicators that will be used for their evaluation and monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mexican health system is a frequent source of academic and political debate and discussion. In the context of inequality, social backwardness, growing health needs, and an accelerated aging process, it is essential to reconsider the structure of the health system in Mexico. This article aims to present the current concepts of primary care, some elements of the health system, and some considerations for its implementation. The United Kingdom first presented the concept of primary health care (PHC) in 1920. Since then, various international reports have prioritized the topic. The 2018 World Conference on PHC renews political commitment, emphasizes the central role of PHC around the world, and positions PHC as the level of the health system that coordinates the response of all levels of care. In that sense, at a population level, public health is linked in different dimensions with primary care in its individual focus and they should not be seen as contradictory but complementary strategies. The health system in Mexico is beginning a new reformulation of strategies to achieve the long-awaited universality; it is essential that the dilemmas faced in this endeavor are resolved to reach a reorientation towards primary health care as the essential perspective to achieve the most significant possible level of health of the entire population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nursing & Health is the property of Journal of Nursing & Health (JONAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La educación continua de los equipos de salud es imprescindible para garantizar resultados que tengan un efecto positivo en la salud de la comunidad. En el 2019, a través del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social (MISPAS), República Dominicana inició la implementación de la iniciativa HEARTS de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). De esta manera, se alineó con las mejores prácticas mundiales para la prevención y el manejo de la hipertensión y las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), y así reducir las tasas de mortalidad debida a esta enfermedad no transmisible (ENT). De hecho, la hipertensión es la principal causa de ECV, y la ECV es la ENT responsable de más muertes en el mundo. El personal médico pasante de República Dominicana tiene la enorme labor de diagnosticar y tratar de manera oportuna a las personas con presión arterial alta y diversos factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Por lo tanto, la capacitación y formación de los estudiantes de pregrado previo a ejercer funciones como médicos pasantes, representa una prioridad en el sistema de salud del país. La iniciativa HEARTS ha producido una serie de cursos virtuales de alta calidad, gratuitos y disponibles todo el año en la plataforma del Campus Virtual de Salud Pública de la OPS. Estos cursos constituyen una oportunidad singular para que las escuelas de medicina adheridas a la Asociación Dominicana de Facultades y Escuelas de Medicina (ADOFEM), a través de un acuerdo con el MISPAS, utilicen el e-learning como herramienta innovadora y poderosa de entrenamiento de los miembros del equipo de salud.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre enfermedades cardiovasculares en personas en un centro de salud del primer nivel de atención en salud (PNAS). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal mediante una encuesta a personas que asistieron a un establecimiento de salud del PNAS en Lima, Perú. Un puntaje menor a 6 se consideró como conocimiento inadecuado. Se encuestó a 400 personas, 66,3% mujeres, de 46,8 ± 16,2 años. La nota promedio fue de 4,52 +/- 1,85. El 71% de los encuestados tuvo un nivel de conocimiento inadecuado, independientemente de la edad, género o grado de instrucción. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que el nivel de conocimiento sobre los factores de riesgo y la enfermedad cardiovascular resultó inadecuado en la población en atención primaria. Es necesario lograr una educación específica en factores de riesgo cardiovascular, para reducir el impacto de estas enfermedades.

Introduction: Asthma is a common chronic disease in the paediatric age group that requires close follow-up. Clinical practice guidelines offer evidence-based recommendations to achieve adequate control of the disease. Objective: To assess the management of childhood asthma in the primary care setting in the Community of Madrid, and the adherence of health care professionals to guideline recommendations. To analyse the association of asthma management with age, the socioeconomic level of the catchment population and the workload of primary care centres. Methods: retrospective longitudinal study in patients aged 6–14 years newly diagnosed with asthma in primary care centres of the Community of Madrid in 2021. We analysed sociodemographic and clinical variables and the compliance with recommendations at the time of diagnosis and over 1 year of follow-up. The source of data was the electronic health record database of the primary care system. Results: We found a proportion of compliance with the recommendations upon diagnosis of the disease of 5.84%, with differences associated to the socioeconomic level of the catchment population (P = .033), and the pressure of care (P = .006). The proportion of compliance with recommendations during follow-up was 12.73%, with differences based on age (P = .01), socioeconomic level (P = 0.006) and centre workloads (P = .002). Conclusions: Compliance with the recommendations of the main childhood asthma management guidelines in the primary care setting was low in the Community of Madrid. Strategies need to be implemented to improve the management of this disease and the adherence of professionals to the protocols developed for this purpose. Resumen: Introducción: El asma es una enfermedad crónica frecuente en la edad pediátrica y precisa un seguimiento estrecho. Para lograr un buen control de la enfermedad las Guías de Práctica Clínica ofrecen recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia científica. Objetivo: Valorar el manejo del asma que se realiza en Atención Primaria de la Comunidad de Madrid, y la adecuación a las recomendaciones de las guías por parte de los profesionales sanitarios. Analizar la relación del manejo con la edad, el nivel socioeconómico de la población y la presión asistencial de los centros de salud. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal retrospectivo en pacientes de 6 a 14 años con un nuevo diagnóstico de asma durante el año 2021 en los centros de salud de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones al diagnóstico y durante un año de seguimiento. La fuente de información fue la Historia Clínica Electrónica para Atención Primaria. Resultados: El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones al diagnóstico de la enfermedad fue del 5,84%, con diferencias según el nivel socioeconómico (p = 0,033) y la presión asistencial (p = 0,006). El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones durante el seguimiento fue del 12,73%, con diferencias según la edad (p = 0,01), nivel socioeconómico (p = 0,006) y la presión asistencial (p = 0,002). Conclusiones: El cumplimiento registrado de las recomendaciones sobre el manejo del asma en Atención Primaria de la Comunidad de Madrid es bajo. Es necesario fomentar estrategias para mejorar el manejo de esta enfermedad y, la adhesión de los profesionales a los programas diseñados para ello.

En el subcampo de la salud mental, tanto a nivel profesional como de manera extendida, la normalidad mental suele ser un tema ausente de reflexiones. En esta investigación se trabajó el tema normalidad tensionándolo con la noción de “normopatías”, analizado desde la experiencia cotidiana de quienes integran un Equipo de Salud de la Familia del Bañado Tacumbú de Asunción, de personas vecinas que este equipo acompaña y de sus directivos del Ministerio de Salud. Se abordó metodológicamente desde un abordaje cualitativo antropológico durante el segundo semestre del 2022. Como resultados se observó una validación de lo normopático por el equipo y por la estrategia de Atención Primaria; lo normal entendido como alienación y como supervivencia, entre otros puntos. La pesquisa generó, como algunas de las líneas a profundizar, problematizar en instituciones sanitarias y en las vecindades la relación entre salud y normopatías; desarrollar estrategias de intercuidados entre trabajadores de salud; saldar la deuda histórica de los derechos humanos con la población bañadense.

Objetivo. Evaluar la implementación de estrategias de la iniciativa HEARTS en una comunidad de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Métodos. Estudio cuasiexperimental, con la evaluación de la cascada de cuidado, factores impulsores e índices de madurez y desempeño cuatro meses después de la implementación de la iniciativa HEARTS en la comunidad La Marroquina en 52 pacientes con hipertensión (HTA). Los datos se procesaron en el programa SPSS® versión 25.0. Se aplicaron las pruebas t-Student y de ji cuadrado para determinar la significancia estadística. Resultados. Completaron los cuatro meses de seguimiento 50 pacientes, 63,5% con baja escolaridad y estrato socioeconómico bajo o muy bajo. Al inicio, 11,5% estaba controlado, y 40,4% inició con monoterapia. Al cuarto mes, 100% de las personas hipertensas recibieron el diagnóstico, 92% recibió tratamiento y 52% alcanzó la meta de control de HTA. El 72% recibía terapia combinada. De las personas hipertensas, 70% mantenía cifras de presión arterial

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: High blood pressure causes 9.4 million deaths worldwide annually (12.8% of total mortality). With the start of the Covid-19 pandemic and containment measures, the patterns of care for these patients changed. Objective: To evaluate the changes in hypertensive control of patients treated at UMF 18 of Tabasco before and after the appearance of Covid-19. Material and methods: Retrospective longitudinal observational study that included a random sample of 326 patients. Hypertensive control was evaluated in accordance with the current Clinical Practice Guideline. Information was collected on blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and glycated hemoglobin for diabetics, as well as other clinical variables and sociodemographic information. The proportion of patients who remained in hypertensive control, worsened or never remained in control was compared between the two periods. Associated factors were identified through multinomial regression analysis. Results: Before the pandemic, in 2020, 79.1% of patients had blood pressure levels under control, by 2021 it dropped to 50%. T2 diabetes comorbidity was the most important risk factor for lack of control, which after the appearance of Covid-19 almost doubled its effect. Conclusions: A decrease of 29.1% was recorded in compliance with hypertensive control. Groups with greater difficulty in achieving therapeutic goals were identified, highlighting the economically active population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge about cardiovascular diseases in people in a primary healthcare center (PHCC). A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out by surveying people who attended a PHCC in Lima, Peru. A score less than 6 was considered inadequate knowledge. A total of 400 people were surveyed, 66.3% were women and the mean age was 46.8 ± 16.2 years. The average score was 4.52 +/- 1.85. We found that 71% of those surveyed had an inadequate level of knowledge, regardless of age, gender or education level. Our findings show that the level of knowledge about risk factors and cardiovascular disease was inadequate in the primary care population. It is necessary to achieve proper specific education in cardiovascular risk factors in order to reduce the impact of these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Portuguese Journal of Mental Health Nursing / Revista Portuguesa de Enfermagem de Saúde Mental is the property of Portuguese Society of Mental Health Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Enfermería Comunitaria (RIdEC) is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Enfermeria Comunitaria de la Asociacion de Enfermeria Comunitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo: Elaborar y validar un instrumento de consulta de enfermería para personas con pie diabético en la atención primaria de salud, basado en el modelo teórico de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas de Wanda de Aguiar Horta. Método: Estudio metodológico, realizado de octubre de 2022 a junio de 2023, en Montes Claros – Minas Gerais – Brasil, en tres etapas: revisión de alcance para identificación de las características sociodemográficas, clínicas y necesidades psicobiológicas, psicosociales y psicoespirituales; elaboración del instrumento y validación de contenido por expertos. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y el Índice de Validez de Contenido igual o superior a 0,80. Resultados: Validación de contenido realizada por 15 expertos. Se evaluaron tres ítems del instrumento, obteniendo un Índice de Validez de Contenido de 0,93 en objetivos, 0,97 en estructura y presentación y 1,00 en relevancia. Conclusión: El instrumento contribuirá a la cualificación de la consulta de enfermería a la persona con pie diabético en la atención primaria de salud.

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el papel que juegan los cuidadores primarios informales. Las actividades que realizan tanto el cuidador formal como el informal son en realidad las mismas, la diferencia radica en que los primeros han sido capacitados y certificados como, por ejemplo, las enfermeras (cuidadores formales). Por su parte, los familiares no cuentan frecuentemente con una capacitación adecuada, pues no existe una alfabetización enfocada en el cuidado de la salud del otro. Recientemente se crearon programas públicos que fomentan el desarrollo de habilidades básicas para el cuidado de otros; no obstante, la retribución social para los cuidadores informales y, más importante, la económica, son áreas que competen al sector gubernamental y jurídico. Es necesaria la regulación jurídica del cuidador primario debido a la magnitud del costo en salud que conlleva responsabilizarse de otro, como el desarrollo de enfermedades, aumento en el desgaste físico, incidencia de psicoestresores, síntomas por sobrecarga de trabajo y afectación a la salud mental. Se debe recordar también que, de acuerdo con la bioética y los derechos humanos, tanto el cuidador como el que es cuidado cuentan con un valor inherente como seres humanos y merecen una vida de calidad.

La salud bucal colectiva es una perspectiva contrahegemónica de pensamiento y acción en salud bucal, en donde se integran posiciones políticas y experiencias comunitarias en la Atención Primaria en Salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar la experiencia de integración de la perspectiva de la Salud Bucal Colectiva en una estrategia de Atención Primaria en Salud dirigida a las comunidades Pijao de Ortega, Tolima. Métodos: Reflexión derivada de una sistematización etnográfica sobre la experiencia de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia con comunidades indígenas Pijao entre 2016 y 2021. Resultados: Se integró la perspectiva de salud bucal colectiva en acciones de atención primaria en salud, principalmente de salud oral y comunicativa, con un enfoque en el buen vivir de las comunidades. Esto incluyó acciones de promoción y educación en salud, y la exigencia del derecho a la salud bucal desde un análisis de los modos de vida desde la determinación social de la salud. Se utilizó la interculturalidad como base del diálogo con las comunidades y sus servicios de salud propios, y se construyeron proyectos conjuntos de cuidado de la naturaleza, desde la participación comunitaria y la formación de estudiantes, fortaleciendo sus capacidades de participación en acciones colectivas en salud. Conclusiones: La salud bucal colectiva se integró en la experiencia de atención primaria en salud con comunidades Pijao del municipio de Ortega, mediante la integración de principios teóricos, metodológicos y praxeológicos que potenciaron una gestión alternativa de la salud de las comunidades comprometida con el buen vivir.

Objetivo: asociar variables sociodemográficas con la autopercepción de los usuarios de la atención primaria de salud. Método: estudio transversal, con 222 usuarios de los servicios odontológicos de 15 unidades de atención primaria de un municipio de tamaño mediano de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se utilizaron cuestionarios con perfil sociodemográfico, la autopercepción y el Primary Care Assessment Tool Brasil salud bucal. Para comparaciones de las puntuaciones pruebas t-Student para grupos independientes y ANOVA (one way) – Post Hoc Sheffé. Resultados: usuarios con menor ingreso familiar (p=0,016) menor escolaridad (p=0,027) y que necesitaban hacer o cambiar la prótesis dental (p=0,020) obtuvieron asociación significativa en el atributo utilización de los servicios. En cuanto a la accesibilidad, las variables dolor de dientes (p=0,021) y satisfacción con la salud bucal (p

Introducción: el Análisis de la Situación de Salud es un instrumento científico metodológico que tiene como propósito identificar características sociopsicológicas, económicas, históricas, geográficas, culturales y ambientales que inciden en el proceso salud-enfermedad de un área de salud. Objetivo: describir el análisis de la situación de salud del consultorio médico # 12 perteneciente al Policlínico “Docente de Playa” en el periodo de enero a abril de 2023. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Consultorio Médico de la Familia # 12 del Policlínico “Docente de Playa”, en el período de enero- abril de 2023. El universo quedó constituido por 1257 habitantes, se trabajó con una muestra de 320. La información se recolectó utilizando como fuentes la observación, entrevistas, consultas a las fichas familiares y visitas al consultorio. Los resultados se expresaron en tablas y gráficos para su mejor comprensión. Resultados: predominó el sexo femenino (57,5 %) así como el grupo etario de 65 años y más (21,25 %). El grupo dispensarial III fue superior con un 41,87 %. Prevalecieron las enfermedades crónicas hipertensión arterial (20,93 %) y asma bronquial (14,06 %), así como los factores de riesgo tabaquismo y sedentarismo con 36,95 % y 11,83 % respectivamente. Conclusiones: la realización adecuada del análisis de la situación de salud facilita la identificación y la toma de conducta sobre los principales problemas de salud de la población. Esto repercute de forma efectiva en la sociedad, contribuyendo al fortalecimiento de los programas e indicadores de salud.

Objetivo. Los trastornos mentales, neurológicos y por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (MNS) tienen una prevalencia alta y existe una brecha para su atención en Colombia. El Programa de acción para superar las brechas en salud mental (mhGAP, por su sigla en inglés) de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) tiene varios componentes. Uno de ellos es la Guía de intervención mhGAP 2.0, orientada a la mejora de la atención primaria en salud; se trata de una guía para la evaluación y el manejo de trastornos MNS a partir de protocolos de toma de decisiones clínicas. Se planteó como objetivo determinar las barreras que se pueden presentar en el proceso de implementación del programa. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con enfoque de análisis de contenido que se desarrolló en tres fases: i) preparación, organización y presentación del estudio; ii) codificación abierta, categorización y abstracción de los contenidos; y iii) análisis de información. El estudio incluyó la entrevista semiestructurada a 21 personas involucradas en la prestación de servicios en salud mental en Chocó (Colombia): cinco profesionales de medicina, siete de enfermería y tres de psicología, además seis profesionales que trabajaban en el área administrativa de las secretarías de salud del departamento. Se exploraron las percepciones de las partes interesadas, que eran el personal asistencial y el personal administrativo del sector salud en el departamento del Chocó. Se realizaron preguntas abiertas para explorar las experiencias con el proceso y las barreras identificadas en la práctica. Resultados. Se identificaron cuatro categorías temáticas diferentes: intersectorialidad, viejos desafíos, posibilidades e idoneidad de herramientas. Conclusiones. Se construyó un modelo teórico sobre las barreras de implementación para el Programa de mhGAP desde las percepciones de las partes interesadas. El control de las barreras se percibe como un camino posible para generar un aporte significativo para la salud poblacional.

Propósito de la revisión. HEARTS en las Américas es la adaptación regional de la iniciativa mundial HEARTS, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, para la prevención y el control de las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Su objetivo general es impulsar el cambio de la práctica clínica y de la gestión en los entornos de atención primaria, por parte de los servicios de salud, a fin de mejorar el control de la hipertensión y reducir el riesgo de ECV. En esta revisión se describe la iniciativa HEARTS en las Américas. En primer lugar, se resume la situación epidemiológica regional en cuanto a la mortalidad por ECV y las tendencias en el control de la hipertensión a nivel poblacional; a continuación, se explica la razón de ser de los principales componentes de la intervención: el sistema de manejo orientado a la atención primaria y la vía clínica de HEARTS. Por último, se examinan los factores clave para acelerar la expansión de HEARTS: los medicamentos, la atención basada en el trabajo en equipo y un sistema de monitoreo y evaluación. Resultados recientes. Hasta el momento, 33 países y territorios de América Latina y el Caribe se han comprometido a integrar este programa en toda su red de atención primaria de salud para el 2025. El aumento de la cobertura y del control de la hipertensión en los entornos de atención primaria de salud (en comparación con el modelo tradicional) es prometedor y confirma que las intervenciones que se promueven como parte de HEARTS son factibles y resultan aceptables para las comunidades, los pacientes, los prestadores de servicios de salud, los responsables de la toma de decisiones y los financiadores. En esta revisión se destacan algunos casos de implementación satisfactoria. Conclusiones. Ampliar el uso de un tratamiento eficaz de la hipertensión y optimizar el control del riesgo de ECV es una forma pragmática de acelerar la reducción de la mortalidad por ECV y, al mismo tiempo, de fortalecer los sistemas de atención primaria de salud para responder con calidad y de manera eficaz y equitativa al desafío que entrañan las enfermedades no transmisibles, no solo en los países de ingresos bajos o medianos, sino en todas las comunidades a nivel mundial.

Objective: To describe the practices and knowledge of Nursing Technicians and Community Health Agents of Primary Health Care for the transgender population. Design: Descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Site: The study was developed in a digital environment. Participants: 18 Community Health Agents and 12 Nursing Technicians who worked in Primary Health Care Units from several Brazilian states. Method: Sampling technique by chain indication or networks (snowball), data production by Google Forms form. The theoretical saturation technique was used to close the interviews. Categorical thematic content analysis with IRAMUTEQ software support. Results: Professionals’ lack of knowledge about policies and terms was evidenced; there were conceptual confusions, inadequate associations, and a restricted approach to the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Conclusions: The lack of training reflects a cisnormative and binary approach, compromising the assistance to the transgender population. Disrespect for the social name persists, highlighting the need for permanent education for health professionals, aiming at an inclusive and respectful care practice. Resumen: Objetivo: Describir las prácticas y los conocimientos de los técnicos de enfermería y agentes comunitarios de salud de atención primaria sobre la población transexual. Diseño: Investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo. Emplazamiento: El estudio se desarrolló en un entorno digital. Participantes: 18 agentes comunitarios de salud y 12 técnicos de enfermería que trabajaban en unidades de atención primaria de salud de varios estados brasileños. Método: Técnica de muestreo por indicación en cadena o redes (bola de nieve) y producción de datos mediante formulario Google Forms. Para el cierre de las entrevistas se utilizó la técnica de saturación teórica. Análisis de contenido temático categorial con apoyo del software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados: Se evidenció desconocimiento de políticas y términos por parte de los profesionales, confusiones conceptuales, asociaciones inadecuadas y un abordaje restringido de la prevención de las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Conclusiones: La falta de capacitación refleja un abordaje cisnormativo y binario que compromete la asistencia a la población transexual. Persiste la falta de respeto al complejo social, resaltando la necesidad de educación permanente de los profesionales de salud, con el objetivo de una práctica asistencial inclusiva y respetuosa.

Introduction and objectives: This study focuses on enhancing the professional skills of Quality Coordinators (QCs) in primary healthcare (PHC) in Kosovo. The QCs are responsible for internal quality supervision of public PHC institutions, but their competencies for quality improvement are unknown. The objective was to enhance the professional skills of QCs through targeted training, aiming to improve healthcare quality. Methods: The study involved determining the basic characteristics of QCs, assessing knowledge of quality standards before and after the training via a questionnaire; providing 2 training sessions; and, evaluating the impact of training on organizational adherence to healthcare quality standards. Mean, percentage, p-value, confidence interval, t-test, and rmcor were used as test statistics. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in the QCs' knowledge of the quality standards before (x̅=11.4, SD=2.9) and after the training (x̅=23.4, SD=8.3), p=.011, 95% CI [3.9728, 20.0272]. Before the training, the adherence to quality standards was 83.1% (x̅=26.6, SD=3.4), while after the training, it increased to 87.5% (x̅=28.0, SD=3.9), and this difference was statistically significant p=.047, 95% CI [0.0303, 2.8268]. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for continuous quality-related training and appropriate tools and resources to improve and maintain quality in PHC. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of sex and age and the possible role redefinition of QCs. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: Este estudio se centra en mejorar las habilidades profesionales de los Coordinadores de Calidad (QC) en la atención primaria de salud (APS) en Kosovo. Los CC son responsables de la supervisión interna de la calidad de las instituciones públicas de APS, pero se desconocen sus competencias para la mejora de la calidad. El objetivo era mejorar las habilidades profesionales de los QC a través de una formación específica, con el objetivo de mejorar la calidad de la atención sanitaria. Métodos: El estudio implicó determinar las características básicas de los QC, evaluar el conocimiento de los estándares de calidad antes y después de la capacitación mediante un cuestionario; impartir dos sesiones de formación; y evaluar el impacto de la capacitación en el cumplimiento organizacional de los estándares de calidad de la atención médica. Como estadísticos de prueba se utilizaron la media, el porcentaje, el valor P, el intervalo de confianza, la prueba t y el rmcor. Resultados: Hubo un aumento estadísticamente significativo en el conocimiento de los QC sobre los estándares de calidad antes (x̅=11.4, SD = 2.9) y después de la capacitación (x̅=23.4, SD = 8.3), p = 0.011, IC 95%[3.9728, 20.0272]. Antes de la capacitación, el cumplimiento de los estándares de calidad fue del 83,1% (x̅=26,6, DE = 3,4), mientras que después de la capacitación aumentó al 87,5% (x̅=28,0, DE = 3,9), y esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa p = 0,047., IC del 95% [0,0303; 28,268]. Conclusión: El estudio destaca la necesidad de una formación continua relacionada con la calidad y de herramientas y recursos adecuados para mejorar y mantener la calidad en la APS. Se necesitan más investigaciones para evaluar el impacto del sexo y la edad y la posible redefinición del papel de los QC.

Introduction: The pandemic has weakened the link between individuals with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the health system. Objective: to reflect on the challenges of managing arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in primary health care in times of a COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This is a theoretical-reflective study, whose foundation was given by carrying out a narrative review of the literature. The theoretical-methodological trajectory was structured through interpretive phenomenology. Results: The coexistence of structural, operational and management problems are among the main reasons for not overcoming the challenges revealed to maintain effective care practices for patients with chronic diseases, in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the structural challenges listed, technological insufficiency, the weakness of effective devices and poorly qualified professionals stand out. In the operational context, the increase in the demand for assistance was highlighted. And, in terms of management, the screening and monitoring of these diseases are still challenges to be overcome. Final considerations: the reflections raised can be useful for the establishment of more effective management processes, in the context of primary health care, for care directed to individuals with chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has severe consequences on the quality and expectancy of life and is considered a major health problem worldwide. This is, especially relevant in pediatric patients, as they have unique characteristics and a mortality rate 30 times higher (in advanced stages) than healthy people. This review aims to define the minimum components for the diagnostic approach and monitoring of CKD in the pediatric population from primary health care to promote comprehensive care and adequate risk management. For this purpose, we performed a systematic review of the literature with a panel of experts. Based on the evidence, to optimize the definition, diagnosis, and timely treatment of CKD in the pediatric population, we formulated 21 recommendations. These were approved by the research team and peer-reviewed by clinical experts. They will facilitate the definition of the diagnostic approach for CKD in the pediatric population in primary health-care settings, allowing for timely treatment intervention, comprehensive care, and monitoring of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated the need for adjustments and adaptations in various areas, from behaviour to regulations, with significant repercussions in terms of public health. Objective: To compare the monthly average consumption (MAC) of special control medications used for mental health before and during the pandemic in a Basic Health Unit (UBS) in the Federal District, Brazil. Methods: Consumption data were obtained through the local inventory management system, and the MAC (±standard deviation) was calculated excluding months of stockouts, considering the period from 2020 to 2022. The MAC±SD of 2019 was used as a comparative parameter. Results: Consumption of 32 medications was analyzed, with the majority being antiepileptics (N=10; 31.2 %), antidepressants (N=10; 31.2 %), and antipsychotics (N=8; 25.0 %). It was observed that more than half of the analyzed medications (n=18; 56.3 %) maintained an increase in consumption throughout the pandemic years. Conclusion: There was a significant variation in the consumption of special control medications at the UBS during the pandemic. These results may be associated with various factors, such as the increase in clinical conditions justifying their prescription, in line with current literature on the potential impact of social isolation and measures taken by competent authorities to contain the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In health professionals, skills that allow them to deal with their own emotions and those of others guarantee the quality of care provided and an effective therapeutic relationship. Hence, they are fundamental for nurses, namely for those who work in family health units. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the emotional competence of nurses working in family health units in a group of health centers in the north of Portugal and their sociodemographic and professional characteristics. Method: Quantitative methodology, of the transversal descriptive-correlational type. Data collected through an electronic questionnaire that consisted of two parts: sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants and emotional competence questionnaire. 66 nurses composed the sample. Results: The nurses in the study showed high levels of emotional competence (mean = 205.1, standard deviation = 20.9). There were no statistically significant differences between sociodemographic and professional characteristics and emotional competence. Conclusions: Although the relationship between emotional competence and sociodemographic and professional characteristics is unclear, the importance of emotional intelligence in care practice is certain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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