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1. Unveiling the antitumor potential of novel N-(substituted-phenyl)-8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamides as dual inhibitors of VEGFR2 kinase and cytochrome P450 for targeted treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

Eman M. Radwan, Eman Abo-Elabass, Atef E. Abd El-Baky, Hussah Abdullah Alshwyeh, Riyad A. Almaimani, Ghassan Almaimani, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim, Abdulaziz Albogami, Mariusz Jaremko, Samar Z. Alshawwa, and Essa M. Saied

Subjects
coumarin, hepatocellular carcinoma, cytotoxicity, cell arrest, apoptosis, cytochrome P450, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Being the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, liver cancer is considered as a serious disease with a high prevalence and poor prognosis. Current anticancer drugs for liver cancer have drawbacks, such as limited efficacy in later stages of the disease, toxicity to healthy cells, and the potential for drug resistance. There is ample evidence that coumarin-based compounds are potent anticancer agents, with numerous analogues currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. The current study aimed to explore the antitumor potency of a new class of 8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamides against liver cancer. Toward this aim, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a new set of N-(substituted-phenyl)-8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamide analogues. The assessment of antitumor activity revealed that the synthesized class of compounds possesses substantial cytotoxicity toward Hep-G2 cells when compared to staurosporine, without significant impact on normal cells. Out of the synthesized compounds, compound 7 demonstrated the most potent cytotoxic effect against Hep-G2 cells with an IC50 of 0.75 µM, which was more potent than the drug staurosporine (IC50 = 8.37 µM). The investigation into the mechanism behind the antiproliferative activity of compound 7 revealed that it interferes with DNA replication and induces DNA damage, leading to cell cycle arrest as demonstrated by a significant decrease in the percentage of cells in the G1 and G2/M phases, along with an increase in the percentage of cells in the S phase. Flow cytometric analysis further revealed that compound 7 has the ability to trigger programmed cell death by inducing necrosis and apoptosis in HepG-2 cells. Further explorations into the mechanism of action demonstrated that compound 7 displays a potent dual-inhibitory activity toward cytochrome P450 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) proteins, as compared to sorafenib drug. Further, detailed computational studies revealed that compound 7 displays a considerable binding affinity toward the binding cavity of VEGFR2 and CYP450 proteins. Taken together, our findings indicate that the newly synthesized class of compounds, particularly compound 7, could serve as a promising scaffold for the development of highly effective anticancer agents against liver cancer.

Published
2023
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2. Novel 3-Substituted 8-Methoxycoumarin Derivatives as Anti-Breast Cancer Drugs

Author

Tarfah Al-Warhi, Ola A. Abu Ali, Leena S. Alqahtani, Eman Abo-Elabass, Mohammed El Behery, Atef E. Abd El-Baky, Mohamed Samir A. Zaki, Eman Fayad, and Eman M. Radwan

Subjects
apoptosis, aromatase, cell cycle analysis, methoxycoumarin, MCF-7, sulfatase, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

Scientists have been interested in hybrid coumarin derivatives due to their wide clinical anticancer use. Herein, ethyl 8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxylate (Compound 1) served as the starting material for the synthesis of a series of novel hybrid coumarin derivatives (Compounds 3–6). Their structure was determined using 13C NMR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of coumarin derivatives (Compounds 3, 5, and 6) and brominated coumarin derivatives (Compounds 4, 8, and 9) against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were evaluated. Several substances have been identified as promising candidates for future study, especially Compound 6 due to its potent activity against β-tubulin (TUB) polymerization, sulfatase, and aromatase enzymes. It also has a role in inducing cell-cycle arrest at the S phase in the MCF-7 cell line, as well as apoptosis.

Published
2023
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3. Comparative evaluation of some herbs and their suitability for skimmed milk yoghurt and cast Kariesh cheese fortification as functional foods

Author

Dalia F. Hasneen, Nahed L. Zaki, Mohamed S. Abbas, Amira S. Soliman, Ihab S. Ashoush, and Atef E. Fayed

Subjects
Turmeric, Sage, Marjoram, Yoghurt bacterial starter culture, Phenols, Flavonoids, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

The objective was to add certain herbs rich in active physiological ingredients for skimmed-milk yoghurt and cast ultrafiltration (UF)-Kariesh cheese to find out their suitability as fortifiers en route to innovate functional products. Yoghurt was made using cow's skimmed milk fortified with the milled herbal aqueous extract (10% w/w) at the level of nil (control), 1, 2, or 3% (w/w) of turmeric, sage or marjoram. Cheese was made using UF-skimmed milk concentrated, to the desired final cheese total solids (TS) % and fortified as mentioned before. Skim milk powder was used to avoid any dilution in the final TS %, whether of yoghurt milk or pre-cheese. Organoleptically, it was accepted the herbal extract providing that its level did not exceed 1.0% for yoghurt or 2% for cheese. The protein content exhibited no difference in yoghurt and reduction in cheese due to herbs because which the ash content decreased in yoghurt and increased in cheese, in those the fiber presented because of herbs. Turmeric encouraged the growth of bacterial starter culture and acid production versus marjoram or sage. The Streptococcus thermophilus count was always higher than that of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. But their counts in cheese were lower versus yoghurt. In conclusion, skimmed-milk yoghurt and cast UF-Kariesh cheese could meet the intended health purposes when fortified with 1% for the former or 2% for the latter using aqueous extract (10%) of sage, marjoram or rather turmeric, those of many impressive health benefits.

Published
2020
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4. USES OF DRY VINASSE AS A FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIAL TO IMPROVE PROPERTIES OF CEMENT MORTAR AND CONCRETE

Author

A. Megahed Ahmed, Mohamed A. A, and Atef E. Mahmoud

Subjects
dry vinasse, compressive strength, splitting strength, flexural strength, cement mortar, concrete, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

This study aims at using the sugar by-product (dry vinasse), as one of the concrete production requirements, instead of getting rid of them in vain. Dry vinasse was obtained by drying liquid vinasse at 250 ° C. In this study, dry vinasse is used as a friendly environmental material to improve properties of cement mortar and concrete, through studying its effect on setting time and compressive strength of cement mortar and concrete. Effect of dry vinasse on compressive strength of cement mortar and concrete by using different doses of dry vinasse 0 %, 0.2 %, 0.3 %, 0.4 %, and 0.5 % by weight content of cement is studied. Compressive strength was determined by standard specimens (40x40x160mm) for cement mortar and standard cubes specimens (150X150X150mm) for concrete. By cylinder specimens (150X300mm), the splitting strength was determined and the flexural strength was determined by beam specimens (100X100X500mm). All the specimens were cured in water and tested for 7 and 28days for cement mortar and concrete. The splitting strength and flexural strength were done for 28 days. It is found that, dry vinasse addition causes increase in setting times. With comparing the results of compressive strength of cement mortar and concrete with and without dry vinasse, it is showed that, there are noticeable increases in the results of compressive strength, splitting strength and flexural strength. Keywords: Dry Vinasse, Compressive Strength, Splitting strength, flexural strength, cement mortar, Concrete

Published
2020
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5. Design and Optimization of Orally Administered Luteolin Nanoethosomes to Enhance Its Anti-Tumor Activity against Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author

Mahmoud M. A. Elsayed, Tarek M. Okda, Gamal M. K. Atwa, Gamal A. Omran, Atef E. Abd Elbaky, and Abd El hakim Ramadan

Subjects
luteolin, ethosomes, nano-sized vesicles, nanoparticle, hepatocellular carcinoma, oxidative stress biomarkers, Pharmacy and materia medica, RS1-441
Abstract

Luteolin (LUT) is a natural flavonoid with low oral bioavailability with restricted clinical applications due to its low solubility. LUT shows significant anti-tumor activity in many cancer cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The most recent trend in pharmaceutical innovations is the application of phospholipid vesicles to improve the solubility of such hydrophobic drugs. Ethosomes are one of the most powerful phospholipid vesicles used to achieve that that target. In this study, LUT-loaded ethosomal nanoparticles (LUT-ENPs) were prepared by the cold method. Full factorial design and response surface methodology were used to analyze and optimize the selected formulation variables. Drug entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, zeta potential, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and cumulative percent drug released was estimated. The selected LUT-ENPs were subjected to further investigations as estimation of hepatic gene expression levels of GPC3, liver biomarkers, and oxidative stress biomarkers. The prepared LUT-ENPs were semi-spherical in shape with high entrapment efficiency. The prepared LUT-ENPs have a small particle size with high zeta potential values. The in vitro liver biomarkers assay revealed a significant decrease in the hepatic tissue nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the expression of the GPC3 gene. Results showed a high increase in the hepatic tissue levels of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Histopathological examination showed a small number of hepatic adenomas and a significant decrease of neoplastic hepatic lesions after treatment with LUT-ENPs. Our results firmly suggest the distinctive anti-proliferative activity of LUT-ENPs as an oral drug delivery system for the treatment of HCC.

Published
2021
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7. Exploring the potential of selenium nanoparticles and fabricated selenium nanoparticles @vitamin C nanocomposite in mitigating nicotine-induced testicular toxicity in rats.

Author

Hindawy, Rabab F, Refaat, Rana M M, Fouda, Atef E, El-Shishtawy, Mohamed A, Kumar, Adarsh, El-Shafai, Nagi M, Faruk, Eman M, and Nafea, Ola E

Subjects
SEMEN analysis, MALE infertility, SPERM count, LABORATORY rats, FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone
Abstract

Background The tobacco epidemic signifies a major public health threat. Nicotine (NIC), a major active constituent in tobacco, impedes male fertility and semen quality. This work is implemented to explore the potential of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and the newly fabricated SeNPs @vitamin C (SeNPs@VITC) nanocomposite in mitigating testicular toxicity induced by NIC. Materials and methods The six groups of 48 adult Wistar rats were designed as follows: the control group injected intraperitoneally with normal saline, the SeNPs group treated orally with 2 mg/kg of SeNPs, the SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite group treated orally with 2 mg/kg of SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite, the NIC group injected intraperitoneally with 1.25 mL/kg of NIC, the NIC+ SeNPs group received SeNPs plus NIC, and the NIC+ SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite group received SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite plus NIC. Treatments were administered over a 28-day period. Results NIC treatment significantly caused poor sperm quality, decreased serum testosterone, increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations, reduced hemoglobin levels, leukocytosis, disrupted testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance, and disorganized testicular structure. The construction of the novel SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite, compared to NIC plus SeNPs alone, demonstrated a more potent ameliorative effect on NIC-induced reproductive toxicity in adult rats. The SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite significantly increased sperm count, reduced the percentage of sperm head abnormalities, lowered both serum FSH and LH concentrations, and improved the hemoglobin response. Conclusions Both SeNPs and SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite alleviated the testicular toxicity induced by NIC, but the SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite exhibited superior efficacy. The SeNPs@VITC nanocomposite could be employed to advance enhanced therapeutic strategies for addressing male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Unveiling the antitumor potential of novel N-(substituted-phenyl)-8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamides as dual inhibitors of VEGFR2 kinase and cytochrome P450 for targeted treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

Radwan, Eman M., primary, Abo-Elabass, Eman, additional, Abd El-Baky, Atef E., additional, Alshwyeh, Hussah Abdullah, additional, Almaimani, Riyad A., additional, Almaimani, Ghassan, additional, Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz, additional, Albogami, Abdulaziz, additional, Jaremko, Mariusz, additional, Alshawwa, Samar Z., additional, and Saied, Essa M., additional

Published
2023
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18. Unveiling the antitumor potential of novel N-(substituted-phenyl)-8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamides as dual inhibitors of VEGFR2 kinase and cytochrome P450 for targeted treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Author

Radwan, Eman M., Abo-Elabass, Eman, Abd El-Baky, Atef E., Alshwyeh, Hussah, Almaimani, Riyad, Almaimani, Ghassan, Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz, Albogami, Abdulaziz, Jaremko, Mariusz, Alshawwa, Samar, M. Saied, Essa, Radwan, Eman M., Abo-Elabass, Eman, Abd El-Baky, Atef E., Alshwyeh, Hussah, Almaimani, Riyad, Almaimani, Ghassan, Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz, Albogami, Abdulaziz, Jaremko, Mariusz, Alshawwa, Samar, and M. Saied, Essa

Abstract

Being the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, liver cancer is considered as a serious disease with a high prevalence and poor prognosis. Current anticancer drugs for liver cancer have drawbacks, such as limited efficacy in later stages of the disease, toxicity to healthy cells, and the potential for drug resistance. There is ample evidence that coumarin-based compounds are potent anticancer agents, with numerous analogues currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical studies. The current study aimed to explore the antitumor potency of a new class of 8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamides against liver cancer. Toward this aim, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a new set of N-(substituted-phenyl)-8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxamide analogues. The assessment of antitumor activity revealed that the synthesized class of compounds possesses substantial cytotoxicity toward Hep-G2 cells when compared to staurosporine, without significant impact on normal cells. Out of the synthesized compounds, compound 7 demonstrated the most potent cytotoxic effect against Hep-G2 cells with an IC50 of 0.75 µM, which was more potent than the drug staurosporine (IC50 = 8.37 µM). The investigation into the mechanism behind the antiproliferative activity of compound 7 revealed that it interferes with DNA replication and induces DNA damage, leading to cell cycle arrest as demonstrated by a significant decrease in the percentage of cells in the G1 and G2/M phases, along with an increase in the percentage of cells in the S phase. Flow cytometric analysis further revealed that compound 7 has the ability to trigger programmed cell death by inducing necrosis and apoptosis in HepG-2 cells. Further explorations into the mechanism of action demonstrated that compound 7 displays a potent dual-inhibitory activity toward cytochrome P450 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) proteins, as compared to sorafenib dr, Peer Reviewed

Published
2023

19. Novel 3-Substituted 8-Methoxycoumarin Derivatives as Anti-Breast Cancer Drugs

Author

Radwan, Tarfah Al-Warhi, Ola A. Abu Ali, Leena S. Alqahtani, Eman Abo-Elabass, Mohammed El Behery, Atef E. Abd El-Baky, Mohamed Samir A. Zaki, Eman Fayad, and Eman M.

Subjects
apoptosis, aromatase, cell cycle analysis, methoxycoumarin, MCF-7, sulfatase
Abstract

Scientists have been interested in hybrid coumarin derivatives due to their wide clinical anticancer use. Herein, ethyl 8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxylate (Compound 1) served as the starting material for the synthesis of a series of novel hybrid coumarin derivatives (Compounds 3–6). Their structure was determined using 13C NMR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of coumarin derivatives (Compounds 3, 5, and 6) and brominated coumarin derivatives (Compounds 4, 8, and 9) against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were evaluated. Several substances have been identified as promising candidates for future study, especially Compound 6 due to its potent activity against β-tubulin (TUB) polymerization, sulfatase, and aromatase enzymes. It also has a role in inducing cell-cycle arrest at the S phase in the MCF-7 cell line, as well as apoptosis.

Published
2023
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21. A collaborative effort across Africa to investigate risk factors and outcomes of premature acute coronary syndrome: Protocol for the EAS Lipid Registry of Africa (LIPRA)

Author

Ashraf Reda, Alexander R.M. Lyons, Alberto Zambon, Ahmed Bendary, Mutaz Al-Khnifsawi, Habib Gamra, David Marais, Okechukwu S. Ogah, Tigist Seleshi, Ahmed A.A. Suliman, Julius C. Mwita, Albertino Damasceno, Anastase Dzudie, Atef Elbahry, Elsayed Farag, Chala Fekadu, Lilian Mbau, Mohammed Mujahed, Rosemary P. Minja, Bernard Samia, Mahmoud Sani, Lambert T. Appiah, and Alexandros Tselepis

Subjects
Acute coronary syndrome, Premature acute coronary syndrome, Cardiovascular disease risk, Coronary artery disease, EAS LIPRA, NSTEMI, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Data on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is lacking in Africa where cases of premature ACS seem to be on the rise. Africa would benefit from an epidemiological assessment of premature ACS to determine its risk factors and management in this demographic to inform guidelines and practice. The European Atherosclerosis Society recognised this urgency and formed a growing network across 11 African countries to create the Lipid Registry of Africa (EAS-LIPRA). This article is based on the EAS-LIPRA protocol and presents the aims, concept and methodological considerations, and the operations and collaborative governance structure of this project. EAS-LIPRA aims to report risk factors and outcomes of premature ACS in Africa to further understand its prevalence and management via collating and pooling multinational prospective data on premature ACS across multiple sites in Africa into a standardised registry. Data will be stratified into subgroups based on country-level income as defined by the World Bank, and within country residence of urban versus rural areas. Valid statistical procedures will be employed to compare and observe trends in the pooled data based on demographics, clinical and laboratory variables, and disparities in its management. Being the first multinational lipid registry in Africa, it is envisaged that the network will expand to other African countries and sites yet to participate, facilitate other epidemiological studies in preventive cardiology, and set a precedent for other developing countries and regions.

Published
2024
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22. Scanning electron microscopy, morphometric and energy dispersive X-Ray analysis of cephalothoracic structures exploring defensive and sensory features in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus Spence Bate, 1888)

Author

Mohamed A. M. Alsafy, Samir A. A. El-Gendy, Hanan H. Abd-Elhafeez, Soha Soliman, Atef Erasha, Safwat Ali, Karam Roshdy, and Ahmed M. Rashwan

Subjects
Marsupenaeus japonicas, SEM–EDX, Antenna, Scaphocerite, Setae, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Abstract Background Kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) is a commercially important crustacean and a valuable global food source. This study employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the morphology and morphometric features of the Marsupenaeus japonicus cephalothoracic structures, including antennules, antennas, scaphocerite, rostrums, and eye stalks. The primary focus was on understanding the role of each part, especially through the examination of setae, which are crucial for chemoreception and defense. Additionally, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was utilized to identify the elemental composition of these structures. Material and methods The samples from the heads of fifteen Marsupenaeus japonicus were studied by gross morphology and morphometry, SEM, and EDX analysis. This study is the first to integrate both SEM and EDX techniques for a detailed analysis of these cephalothoracic structures, offering an innovative approach to understanding both morphological and elemental characteristics. Results Marsupenaeus japonicus exhibited two antennules and two antennae. The antenna featured four basal segments: basicerite, ischiocerite, merocerite, and carpocerite, each with distinctive articulations and setae distribution. The antennule, with three segments covered by plumose setae, displayed curved cone-shaped flagellae. The scaphocerite, resembling a paddle, showcased plumose setae, while the rostrum exhibited dorsal and ventral spines, lateral grooves, and unique setal arrangements. Setal measurements across structures revealed diverse lengths and widths, indicating functional specialization. The compound eyes were connected to an optic stalk adorned with plumose setae. EDX analysis revealed higher percentages of calcium and phosphorus in the spear-like structures of the scaphocerite, rostrum, and antenna, respectively. Conclusion This investigation provides a thorough examination of the intricate morphological features of the cephalothoracic region of Marsupenaeus japonicus, shedding light on its sensory and defensive capabilities. The novel application of both SEM and EDX not only deepens our insights into these structures but also lays the groundwork for future studies using this dual approach to explore crustacean morphology, with potential advantages for sustainable aquaculture and the conservation of marine ecosystems.

Published
2024
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24. Novel 3-Substituted 8-Methoxycoumarin Derivatives as Anti-Breast Cancer Drugs.

Author

Al-Warhi, Tarfah, Abu Ali, Ola A., Alqahtani, Leena S., Abo-Elabass, Eman, El Behery, Mohammed, El-Baky, Atef E. Abd, Samir A. Zaki, Mohamed, Fayad, Eman, and Radwan, Eman M.

Subjects
COUMARINS, ANTINEOPLASTIC agents, COUMARIN derivatives, SULFATASES, MASS spectrometry, ELEMENTAL analysis
Abstract

Scientists have been interested in hybrid coumarin derivatives due to their wide clinical anticancer use. Herein, ethyl 8-methoxycoumarin-3-carboxylate (Compound 1) served as the starting material for the synthesis of a series of novel hybrid coumarin derivatives (Compounds 3–6). Their structure was determined using 13C NMR, 1H NMR, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of coumarin derivatives (Compounds 3, 5, and 6) and brominated coumarin derivatives (Compounds 4, 8, and 9) against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were evaluated. Several substances have been identified as promising candidates for future study, especially Compound 6 due to its potent activity against β-tubulin (TUB) polymerization, sulfatase, and aromatase enzymes. It also has a role in inducing cell-cycle arrest at the S phase in the MCF-7 cell line, as well as apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Blind signal separation with Noise Reduction for efficient speaker identification

Author

Mohamed M. E. El-Halawany, Walid El-Shafai, Fathi E. Abd El-Samie, Atef E. Abu El-Azm, Hossam Hammam, Emad S. Hassan, and Moawad I. Dessouky

Subjects
Discrete wavelet transform, Linguistics and Language, Noise (signal processing), Computer science, Noise reduction, Wiener filter, Blind signal separation, Language and Linguistics, Human-Computer Interaction, 030507 speech-language pathology & audiology, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Discrete sine transform, Discrete cosine transform, symbols, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Time domain, 0305 other medical science, Algorithm, Software
Abstract

Generally, most blind signal separation algorithms deal with the separation problem in the absence of noise. The presence of noise degrades the performance of separated signals. This paper deals with the problem of blind separation of audio signals from noisy mixtures. Blind signal separation algorithm is applied on the discrete cosine transform, the discrete sine transform or the discrete wavelet transform of the mixed signals, instead of performing the separation on the mixtures in the time domain. All of these transforms have an energy compaction property, which concentrates most of the signal energy in a few coefficients in the transform domain, leaving most of the transform-domain coefficients close to zero. As a result, the separation is performed on a few coefficients in the transform domain. Another advantage of signal separation in transform domains is that the effect of noise on the signals in the transform domains is smaller than that in the time domain. The paper presents also an investigation of the rule of the speech enhancement techniques as pre- and post-processing steps for the blind signal separation process, instead of performing the separation on the mixtures in the time domain. The considered speech enhancement techniques are the spectral subtraction, the Wiener filtering, the adaptive Wiener filtering, and the wavelet denoising techniques. Both blind signal separation and noise reduction are applied within a real speaker identification system to reduce the effect of interference and noise on the system performance. The simulation results confirm the superiority of transform domain separation to time domain separation and the importance of the wavelet denoising technique, when used as a pre-processing step for noise reduction. Moreover, the speaker identification system performance is enhanced with blind signal separation and noise reduction.

Published
2021
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32. The antitumour effect of galangin and luteolin with doxorubicin on chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats

Author

Atef E. Abd Elbaky, Tarek Okda, Gamal A. Omran, and Gamal M. K. Atwa

Subjects
Original Paper, caspase-3, biology, business.industry, α-fetoprotein-L3, galangin, hepatocellular carcinoma, biology.organism_classification, Glypican 3, diethyl nitrosamine, Galangin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oncology, chemistry, Apoptosis, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Doxorubicin, Alpinia officinarum, business, Cytotoxicity, Luteolin, medicine.drug
Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly malignant tumour with very high morbidity and mortality, remains the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Galangin is a naturally occurring flavonoid extracted from the propolis and root of Alpinia officinarum, which possesses antitumour efficacy, which has resulted in an increase in interest in related research. Additionally, galangin inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in several human malignancies. On the other hand, luteolin, a naturally occurring flavonoid found in a variety of edible plants, augments cytotoxicity in different cancer cells through the inhibition of cell-survival pathways and activation of apoptosis. Moreover, luteolin blocks the activity of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. The present study aimed to assess the antitumour effect of galangin and luteolin in combination and the antitumour effect of a combination of galangin and luteolin together with doxorubicin (DOX) in a chemically induced HCC rat model. Our analyses demonstrated that the combination treatment with galangin, luteolin, and DOX showed the greatest antineoplastic activity against HCC, which was observed by significant decreases in the levels of HCC markers, including serum α-fetoprotein-L3, and hepatic tissue expression of both glypican 3 and heat shock proteins. On the other hand, the hepatic tissue expression of caspase-3 was significantly increased. These results suggest that combination treatment with galangin and luteolin is a promising candidate for clinical use in HCC chemotherapy, especially when used in combination with DOX.

Published
2021
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33. GARFIELD-AF: risk profiles, treatment patterns and 2-year outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (DACH) compared to 32 countries in other regions worldwide

Author

Haas, S., Camm, J.A., Harald, D., Steffel, J., Virdone, S., Pieper, K., Brodmann, M., Schellong, S., Misselwitz, F., Kayani, G., Kakkar, A.K., Jean-Pierre, B., John Camm, A., Fitzmaurice, D.A., Fox, K.A.A., Gersh, B.J., Goldhaber, S.Z., Shinya, G., Sylvia, H., Werner, H., Mantovani, L.G., Frank, M., Pieper, K.S., Turpie, A.G.G., Martin van Eickels, Verheugt, F.W.A., Fox Bernard, K.A.A., Gersh, J., Hector, L., Luciardi Harry Gibbs, Marianne, B., Frank, C., Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Connolly, S.J., John, E., Ramon, C., Zhi-Cheng, J., Petr, J., Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany, R., Pekka, R., Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Matyas, K., Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo, A., Giuseppe, A., Yukihiro, K., Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan, A., Janina, S., Elizaveta, P., Toon Wei Lim, Barry, J., Seil, O., Xavier, V., Marten, R., Jan, S., Pantep, A., Ali, O., Alex, P., Wael Al Mahmeed, David, F., Samuel, Z.G., Dayi Hu Kangning Chen, Yusheng, Z., Huaiqin, Z., Jiyan, C., Shiping, C., Daowen, W., Yuejin, Y., Weihua, L., Hui, L., Yuehui, Y., Guizhou, T., Ping, Y., Yingmin, C., Shenghu, H., Yong, W., Guosheng, F., Xin, L., Tongguo, W., Xiaoshu, C., Xiaowei, Y., Ruiping, Z., Moshui, C., Longgen, X., Ping, C., Yang, J., Ying, G., Xue, L., Zhiming, Y., Praveen Jadhavm Raghava Sarma, Govind, K., Prakash, C., Rasesh Atulbhai Pothiwala, Mohanan Padinhare Purayil, Kamaldeep, C., Veerappa Annasaheb Kothiwale, Bagirath, R., Vinod Madan Vijan, Jitendra, S., Ganapathi, B., Aziz, K., Ramdhan, M., Manojkumar, C., Sunitha, A., Vikas, B., Govindan, V., Debabrata, R., Rajashekhar, D., G Ravi Shankar, A., Sunil, K., Dinesh, J., Kartikeya, B., Vinay, K., Udigala Madappa Nagamalesh, Rajeeve Kumar Rajput, Yukihiro Koretsune Seishu Kanamori, Kenichi, Y., Koichiro, K., Yosuke, K., Keiki, Y., Fumitoshi, T., Yuji, M., Ikuo, M., Hiroo, N., Shinichi, A., Tetsuro, S., Masahiro, M., Hiroyuki, O., Susumu, A., Kei, C., Hiroaki, N., Makoto, T., Takeshi, K., Kunihiko, Y., Hiroshi, A., Takayuki, H., 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Sebba Barroso de Souzaem, João David de Souza Neto, José Márcio Ribeiro, Marcelo Silveira Teixeira, Paulo, R., Leonardo, P., Daniel, M., José Carlos Moura Jorge, Adalberto Menezes Lorga Filho, Luiz, B., Marcelo Westerlund Montera, Carlos Henrique Del Carlo, Jamil Abdalla Saad, Fernando Augusto Alves da Costa, Renato, L., Gilson Roberto de Araújo, Euler Roberto Manenti, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, João Carlos Ferreira Braga, Alexandre, N., Carlos, M., Dalton, P., Fernando, R., Gilmar, R., Roberto Álvaro Ramos Filho, Estêvão Lanna Figueiredo, Roberto Vieira Botelho, Cláudio Munhoz da Fontoura Tavares, Helius Carlos Finimundi, Adriano, K., César Cássio Broilo França, Fábio, A., Guido Bernardo Aranha Rosito, João Batista de Moura Xavier Moraes Junior, Rogério Tadeu Tumelero, Lilia, M., Roberto Simões de Almeida, Ney Carter do Carmo Borges, Luís Gustavo Gomes Ferreira, Ramón Corbalán Benjamin Aleck Joseh Stockins Fernandez, Humberto, M., Fernando, L., Martín Larico Gómez, Carlos, A., 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Richard, D., Nigel, D., Catherine, N., Mark, D., Purnima, S., Sophia, G., Charlotte, H., Raife, O., Martin, A., Mira, P., Gordon, I., Shahid, A., Catherine, R., Fiaz, C., Sabrina, K., Stephanie, S., Sharon, P., Warwick, C., Neil, R., Amy Butler Steven Coates, Ben, W., Daniel, J., Steve, W., Diane, S., Toh, W., Mark, B., Melanie, D., David, C., Sarah, D., Ben, F., Nick, H., Henry, C., Jon, S., Tim, M., Salah, E., Diane, G., Justin, W., Richard, V., Karen, F., Rob, H., Kashif, Z., Catherine, L., Rebecca, W., Paul, M., Andre, B., Philip, C., Mike, W., Mark, P., Chaminda, D., Greg, R., James, B., Polly, J., Rajesh, M., Matthew, A., Robin, F., Nicolas, T., Simon, C., Rory, R., Simon, R., Christine, A., Ann, F., Andrew, H., Simon, D., Minnal, N., Iain, M., Jane, G., Phil, S., John, S., Emma, B., Adam Blenkhorn Bhuwanendu Singh, Penny, A., William van Gaal, Walter, A., Philip, T., Ron, L., Jens, K., Andrei, C., Hosen, K., David, E., John, F., Bronte, A., Thanh, P., James, R., David, O., Sang Cheol Bae, Harry, G., Patrick, C., Greg, S., Margaret, A., Maurits, B., Astin, L., John Eikelboom Robert Luton, Milan, G., Amritanshu Shekhar Pandey, Stephen, C., Rolland, L., Philippe, B., Félix, A., Joseph, B., John, H., Germain, P., Miranda du Preez, Bradley, S., Reginald, N., Ripple, D., Tomasz, H., Andrea, L., Ratika, P., James, C., Benoit, C., Brian, R., Jorge, B., Saul, V., Sameh, F., Ahmed Mowafy Azza Katta, Mazen, T., Moustafa, N., Mohamed, S., Seif Kamal Abou Seif, Tarek, K., Ahmed Abd El-Aziz, Nasser, T., Ashraf, R., Atef, E., Mohamed Gamal El Din, Magdi, E., Adel, E., David Kettles Junaid Bayat, Heidi, S., Adrian, H., Ynez, K., Riaz, G., Thayabran, P., Michele, G., Louis van Zyl, Hendrik, T., Andrew, M., Rikus, L., Deon, G., Pindile, M., Siddique, I., Fayzal, A., Johannes, E., Shambu, M., Wessel, O., Rehana, L., Veronica, U., Wael AlAl Mahmeed AbdullahNaeemi, Ghazi, Y., Nooshin, B., Munther, A., Rajan, M., Rupesh, S., Ahmed, N., Mohamed, I., Amrish, A., Mukesh, N., Ehab, M.E., Adel, W., Rajeev, G., Michael Cox Scott Beach, Peter, D., Stephen, F., Kevin, F., Miguel, F., W Michael Kutayli, Annette, Q., Niraj, S., Vance, W., Stephen, M., Mark, A., Edwin, B., Roddy, C., Ted, G., Rodney, I., Jorge, G., Howard, N., Pamela, R., Rajneesh, R., Marcus, W., Daniel, N., Keith, F., Ihsan, H., Robert, M., Sridevi, P., Daniel, T., Charles, T., Moustafa, M., Cas, C., Walter, P., Alisha, O., George, P., Jaspal, G., James, W., and Firas, K.

Subjects
Vitamin K antagonists, Atrial fibrillation, GARFIELD-AF, Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, Oral anticoagulation, Phenprocoumon, Settore MED/11 - Malattie dell'Apparato Cardiovascolare
Abstract

The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is a worldwide non-interventional study of stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular AF.52,080 patients with newly diagnosed AF were prospectively enrolled from 2010 to 2016. 4121 (7.9%) of these patients were recruited in DACH [Germany (n = 3567), Austria (n = 465) and Switzerland (n = 89) combined], and 47,959 patients were from 32 countries in other regions worldwide (ORW). Hypertension was most prevalent in DACH and ORW (85.3% and 75.6%, respectively). Diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia, carotid occlusive disease and vascular disease were more prevalent in DACH patients vs ORW (27.6%, 49.4%, 5.8% and 29.0% vs 21.7%, 40.9%, 2.8% and 24.5%). The use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) increased more in DACH over time. Management of vitamin K antagonists was suboptimal in DACH and ORW (time in therapeutic range of INR ≥ 65% in 44.6% and 44.4% of patients or ≥ 70% in 36.9% and 36.0% of patients, respectively). Adjusted rates of cardiovascular mortality and MI/ACS were higher in DACH while non-haemorrhagic stroke/systemic embolism was lower after 2-year follow-up.Similarities and dissimilarities in AF management and clinical outcomes are seen in DACH and ORW. The increased use of NOAC was associated with a mismatch of risk-adapted anticoagulation (over-and-undertreatment) in DACH. Suboptimal control of INR requires educational activities in both regional groups. Higher rates of cardiovascular death in DACH may reflect the higher risk profile of these patients and lower rates of non-haemorrhagic stroke could be associated with increased NOAC use.

Published
2022

34. The effects of packaging type and storage temperature on some of UHT milk quality indexes

Author

Atef E. Fayed, Aly Farag El Sheikha, Ali A. Ali, and Moustafa A. Hassan

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Food Science
Abstract

The objective of the present study was to illustrate the changes in physicochemical properties in ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk packed into a pouch and Tetra Brik during storage. UHT milk samples were kept at 5 and 25 °C for 3 months and regularly analyzed monthly. During storage, significant increases ( p

Published
2022

37. The effects of packaging type and storage temperature on some of UHT milk quality indexes.

Author

Fayed, Atef E., El Sheikha, Aly Farag, Ali, Ali A., and Hassan, Moustafa A.

Subjects
*MILK quality, *DIETHYL phthalate, *DIBUTYL phthalate, *REFRIGERATED storage, *PACKAGING, *PHTHALATE esters
Abstract

The objective of the present study was to illustrate the changes in physicochemical properties in ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk packed into a pouch and Tetra Brik during storage. UHT milk samples were kept at 5 and 25 °C for 3 months and regularly analyzed monthly. During storage, significant increases (p < 0.05) in titratable acidity (TA), water-soluble nitrogen (WSN), and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) when UHT milk was packed into pouch versus Tetra Brik and stored at 25 versus 5 °C. Neither type of packaging nor storage temperature affect pH values during storage. Spore-forming bacterial (SFB) count was always higher in UHT milk packed into pouch versus Tetra Brik. Refrigerated storage kept UHT milk without detectable SFB compared to UHT milk held at 25 °C. Pouch packages were responsible for the migration of phthalate derivatives [dimethyl phthalate "DMP", diethyl phthalate "DEP", dibutyl phthalate "DBP", and di-(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate "DEHP"] into milk with significantly greater levels than milk filled into Tetra Brik. The total sensory scores were decreased significantly during storage, which was more pronounced in UHT milk filled into pouch versus Tetra Brik or stored at 25 °C versus 5 °C. It is concluded that UHT milk filled into Tetra Brik stored at 5 and 25 °C is better in terms of quality and safety indexes than such filled into a pouch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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44. VALUE ADDITION TO FROZEN DESSERTS THROUGH INCORPORATION OF PUMPKIN SOLIDS AND UF MILK PERMEATE

Author

Mohamed Yousef Abo El-Naga, Marwa Eid, M. F. Khallaf, and Atef E. Fayed

Subjects
Moisture, Chemistry, Pulp (paper), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Permeation, Partial substitution, engineering.material, Health benefits, Total dissolved solids, Freezing point, Fuel Technology, engineering, Food science, Specific gravity
Abstract

Sherbet and Sorbet mixes were prepared to contain 9% fresh mango pulp, per se, 1% cooked pumpkin (CP). The water quantity required for both was replaced with ultrafiltrated milk permeate (UFMP) at the level of 25, 50 or 75%. The obtained results indicated that, separately, CP composed of higher moisture and total nitrogen, total phenolics (TP) as well as radical scavenging activity (RSA) values and lower total flavonoids (TF), carbohydrates contents than mango pulp. In both, Sherbet and Sorbet mixes, water substitution with UFMP was associated with increase in total solids, total and reducing sugars as well as ash contents. Neither acidity %, nor pH values were significantly affected by the partial substitution of water with UFMP in Sherbet mix, although the acidity % of Sorbet mix was significantly increased by UFMP addition. Freezing point of Sherbet or Sorbet mixes was gradually minimized by increasing the substitution level, although the flow behavior index was not influenced in Sherbet but increased in Sorbet mixes. The proportional increment of UFMP level in mix was associated with gradually considerable increase in its consistency coefficient, apparent as well as dynamic viscosities, TP and RSA values of both Sorbet and Sherbet mixes. UFMP led to increase in the specific gravity of mixes before and after freezing as well as elevated the overrun and strengthened the melting resistance of the final product. Furthermore, the frozen dessert of 75% UFMP, whether being Sherbet or Sorbet gained the highest panelists scores for all sensory attributes. It could be concluded that, it could successfully produce a product that meets the intended health purposes based on the substitution of 10% of mango pulp with pumpkin solids of many impressive health benefits as well as the utilization of ultrafiltration milk permeate as a source of the essential electrolytes instead of 75% of required water en route to innovate frozen desserts such as Sherbet and Sorbet

Published
2020
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45. Comparative evaluation of some herbs and their suitability for skimmed milk yoghurt and cast Kariesh cheese fortification as functional foods

Author

Mohamed S. Abbas, Atef E. Fayed, Dalia F. Hasneen, I. S. Ashoush, Nahed L. Zaki, and Amira Sh. Soliman

Subjects
Streptococcus thermophilus, food.ingredient, Fortification, Ultrafiltration, Soil Science, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, food, Starter, Phenols, Lactobacillus, Skimmed milk, Yoghurt bacterial starter culture, Food science, lcsh:Agriculture (General), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mathematics, Flavonoids, biology, SAGE, Turmeric, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Total dissolved solids, biology.organism_classification, Sage, lcsh:S1-972, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Animal Science and Zoology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Marjoram, Food Science
Abstract

The objective was to add certain herbs rich in active physiological ingredients for skimmed-milk yoghurt and cast ultrafiltration (UF)-Kariesh cheese to find out their suitability as fortifiers en route to innovate functional products. Yoghurt was made using cow's skimmed milk fortified with the milled herbal aqueous extract (10% w/w) at the level of nil (control), 1, 2, or 3% (w/w) of turmeric, sage or marjoram. Cheese was made using UF-skimmed milk concentrated, to the desired final cheese total solids (TS) % and fortified as mentioned before. Skim milk powder was used to avoid any dilution in the final TS %, whether of yoghurt milk or pre-cheese. Organoleptically, it was accepted the herbal extract providing that its level did not exceed 1.0% for yoghurt or 2% for cheese. The protein content exhibited no difference in yoghurt and reduction in cheese due to herbs because which the ash content decreased in yoghurt and increased in cheese, in those the fiber presented because of herbs. Turmeric encouraged the growth of bacterial starter culture and acid production versus marjoram or sage. The Streptococcus thermophilus count was always higher than that of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. But their counts in cheese were lower versus yoghurt. In conclusion, skimmed-milk yoghurt and cast UF-Kariesh cheese could meet the intended health purposes when fortified with 1% for the former or 2% for the latter using aqueous extract (10%) of sage, marjoram or rather turmeric, those of many impressive health benefits.

Published
2020

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