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This review is devoted to a systematic analysis of studies aimed at investigating plant extracts, essential oils and phytochemical compounds capable of inhibiting Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. This paper investigates the effect of extracts, essential oils and individual plant compounds on inhibiting the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans, one of the major pathogens responsible for the development of dental caries. Using cultural microbiology and molecular biology techniques, the authors describe the mechanisms by which plant samples reduce Streptococcus mutans adhesion and growth. The results show that several plant components have antibacterial properties, contributing to the reduction of Streptococcus mutans colony numbers and inhibiting the synthesis of extract-exopolysaccharide matrices required for biofilm formation. This work highlights the potential of botanicals in inhibiting Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, which can be applied as natural antimicrobial agents in the prevention and treatment of dental diseases. Views on the use of these plant extracts and their components in dental preparations such as toothpastes, rinses and gels aimed at preventing dental caries are evaluated. The review shows the relevance of the research to optimizing the use of plant extracts, essential oils, individual compounds and their active actions in the control of Streptococcus mutans biofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvia dumetorum essential oil (SDEO) was obtained using a Clevenger apparatus by hydrodistillation approach. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by GC-MS analysis. In this study SDEO was screened for its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans and the amount of biofilm formed by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. For the first time the chemical composition of SDEO growing in Central Kazakhstan was established. The results obtained from GC-MS showed the predominance of sesquiterpenoids (54.15%). The antibacterial study results showed that SDEO exhibited strong antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus in vitro and also demonstrated an inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm formation on 1% sucrose medium. During the study, no antibacterial activity was detected against E. coli and C. albicans. These results demonstrated that SDEO can be used in the development of new antibacterial and anti-caries therapeutic dental products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to modern concepts, the genus Hyssopus L. includes seven plant species (Hyssopus ambiguus (Trautv.) Iljin ex Prochorov. & Lebel; Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss; Hyssopus latilabiatus C.Y.Wu & H.W. Li; Hyssopus macranthus Boriss.; Hyssopus officinalis L.; Hyssopus seravschanicus (Dubj.) Pazij; Hyssopus subulifolius (Rech.f.) Rech.f.). The plants are rich in various groups of biologically active substances with a wide spectrum of pharmacological action. This review presents a modern comprehensive overview of the botanical research, extraction methods, chemical composition and pharmacological activity of plants of the genus Hyssopus L. As a result of the review, it was established that the chemical composition of plant extracts of the genus Hyssopus L. depends on various factors (place of growth, weather conditions, chemotypes, extraction methods, etc.). For the further use of the plants, the extraction methods and low-molecular metabolites isolated from them (mono- and sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc.) are discussed. The data from the review provide an assessment of the relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prunus ulmifolia Franch. (Rosaceae) was investigated for its phytochemical composition from South-Eastern Kazakhstan for the first time. HPLC analysis confirmed rutin (0.88%) in ethanol extract, and the extract also exhibited antioxidant activity. The GC/MS analysis identified total 44 components from main groups e.g. oxygenated monoterpenes (51.06%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (20.33%), non-terpene derivatives (18.71%), and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (7.89%), and the maximum content was of acyclic alcoholic monoterpenoid citronellol (36.58%). The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) from previous reports and present study was used to demonstrate the variations between essential oil compositions in different Prunus species. It formed three main clusters, cluster I consisted of species with benzaldehyde as dominant component. Cluster II included plants with benzaldehyde as secondary component, and cluster III was of P. ulmifolia in which benzaldehyde was not detected. Further, the essential oil was assessed for cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities too, and it showed better cytotoxic but poor antimicrobial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate volatile compounds from the aerial parts of Viola canina L. of the family Violaceae grown wild in Northern Kazakhstan for the first time. Viola canina is a common and widespread species of the temperate northern hemisphere. The oil from the aerial parts of V. canina, was obtained by hydrodistillation and investigated by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. The main component of V. canina essential oil was phytol (55.2%). The obtained results showed differences in the composition of already studied Viola essential oils, such as essential oil of V. odorata L., V. etrusca Erben, V. tricolor L., V. arvensis Murr., V. tianshanica Maxim., V. serpens Wall. and V. hamiltoniana D. Don. There is a certain similarity with the composition of the essential oil of V. arvensis where phytol was also found as one of the main component (11.4%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragaria viridis Weston essential oils from leaves and fruits were obtained by hydrodistillation. The composition of the essential oil from leaves and fruits was analyzed by GC-MS. 39 components were identified in leaves oil representing 67.3-80.7% of the oil composition. The main components of the essential oil from leaves of F. viridis were β-linalool (0.8-8.9%), n-nonanal (0.5-8.6%), tetra-decanal (2.1-5.9%), nerolidol (2.1-4.8%), an unidentified component (1.9-6.6%), α-bisabolol (0.8-6.7%), phytol (18.4-47.4%), an unidentified component (0.9-8.2%) depending on the growth conditions. The fruit oil was composed of 34 compounds representing 42.0-70.7% of the total composition of the oil. The main components of the essential oil from fruits of F. viridis were m/p-xylene (2.4-14.0%), isoledene (4.7-8.5%), methyleugenol (3.3-8.4%), α-cedrene (2.5-3.9%), an unidentified component (3.4-9.1%), α-muurolene (6.8-11.3%), nerolidol (1.1-4.8%), α-cedrol (1.7-8.0%), α-bisabolol (2.3-5.0%), an unidentified component (0-25.6%) depending on the growth conditions. This is the first report of the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and fruits of green strawberry (Fragaria viridis Weston). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition of essential oil ofThymus serpyllumL. collected in natural habitats in different regions of Northern Kazakhstan in the first ten-day period of July of 2013 in a stage of full blooming was analyzed. The yield of oil from an epigeal portion in a stage of blossoming formed 0.4-1.4 %. The main components of oil were thymol (5.11-58.25 %), carvacrol (1.22-55.85 %),p-cymene (1.28-25.46 %), γ-terpinene (1.37-16.52 %) and α-terpinene (0.84-1.94 %) out of total twenty-one identified compounds. One of eight specimens was also revealed, in essential oil of which there were synthesized the following components:trans-geraniol (55.93 %), lavandulyl acetate (28.51 %), nerol (2.76 %) andE-citral(2.58 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C12H16Cl4, is a derivative of the natural product 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-cyclo-hexa-1,4-diene, and represents a diastereomer with two trans-fused cyclo-propane rings. Both enanti-omers are present in the non-centrosymmetric polar space group Pna21. The central cyclo-hexane ring is planar within 0.02 (1) Å. The C atoms of di-chloro-methyl-ene groups deviate from this plane by 1.19 (1) and -1.26 (1) Å, whereas the isopropyl and methyl groups are oriented more equatorially, deviating by 0.71 (1) and -0.87 (1) Å, respectively.