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Background: This study explores the lasting mental health impact of the Syria-Turkey earthquakes in 2023 on a population affected by conflict and trauma. It analyzes pre- and post-event mental health and sleep quality differences, identifying predictors of outcomes. Aims: Studying the 2023 Syria-Turkey earthquakes' enduring mental health impact on conflict-affected individuals, this research informs better support and interventions for disaster survivors. Methods: This longitudinal, cross-sectional study examined the enduring mental health impact of the Syria-Turkey earthquakes. The present study involved N = 1,413 Syrian survivors, aged 18 years or older, who actively participated by contributing both pre- and post-earthquake data. A meticulously designed digital questionnaire with established metrics assessed sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, and anxiety levels. Stratification variables (age, gender, education, marital status) were used for subgroup analysis. Arabic versions of PHQ-9, PSQI, and GAD-2 proved reliable for measuring depression, sleep quality, and anxiety. Results: The majority of participants were female (73.6%) with tertiary education (83.3%). Post-earthquake, a higher percentage reported poor sleep quality (67.7% vs. 59.7%, p <.001) and increased prevalence of MDE (66.1% vs. 56%, p <.001). GAD did not differ significantly. Post-earthquake, women had a higher likelihood of poor sleep quality (OR: 1.58, 95% CI [1.19, 2.10], p <.001) and MDE (OR: 1.55, 95% CI [1.18 to 2.04], p =.003). Predictors varied before and after earthquakes; age and education were significant predictors of poor sleep quality, MDE, and GAD. Conclusion: This study reveals higher rates of poor sleep quality and major depressive episodes among earthquake-affected individuals, especially women. Age, education, and gender contribute to these outcomes. Targeted interventions and comprehensive mental health support are crucial for post-earthquake recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The main objective of pulp therapy is to prevent and treat lesions. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) became the primary and most preferred irrigation solution in the daily practice of dental clinics because of its ability to dissolve pulp tissues. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the ability to dissolve dental pulp tissue with or without ultrasonic activation between NaOCl solution and gel. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consisted of 50 pieces of dental pulp removed from bovine teeth, divided into five equal groups (n = 10). The pulps were removed from the upper molars after cleaning the teeth and were cut to obtain appropriate samples using a punch of 2 mm in diameter and 2 mm in length. The samples were placed in plastic containers and submerged in one of the following combinations - group 1: 2.2% NaOCl solution; group 2: 2.2% NaOCl gel; group 3: 2.2% NaOCl solution with ultrasonic activation; group 4: 2.2% NaOCl gel with ultrasonic activation, and group 5: saline as a negative control. The experiment was filmed with a digital camera to accurately determine the time of dissolution. RESULTS: All pulp tissue samples were completely dissolved within the one-hour test time, except for the negative control. One-way ANOVA analysis showed significant difference between the groups (p = 0.000). LSD test showed significantly higher dissolution for all NaOCl groups compared to the negative control. NaOCl solution had significantly lower dissolution time compared to the gel type regardless of the activation (p = 0.000). Ultrasonic activation significantly shortened the time of dissolution to its half in both NaOCl solution and gel. CONCLUSIONS: NaOCl gel was inferior to the NaOCl solution in its ability to dissolve pulp tissue. Ultrasonic activation was able to shorten the time duration to approximately more than half the period for the samples to complete dissolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]