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There has been increased interest in phytochemical antioxidants to prevent protein damage and aggregate formation in cataract treatment. In this study, the protective effect of different doses of Rb1 (GRb1), one of the ginsenosides of Panax Ginseng, in the experimental cataract model formed in chick embryos was investigated. Five different experimental groups were formed with 100 SPF fertilized eggs: Control (0.9% NaCl to physiological saline), hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium (HC), low dose (HC + L-GRb1 (1 mg/kg)), medium dose (HC+). M-GRb1 (2.5 mg/kg)), and high dose (HC + H-GRb1 (5 mg/kg)). All solutions were given to air sack at 15 days of incubation. On the 17th day, the bulbous oculi of the chick embryos were dissected. Cataract formations of the lenses, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant (TAS), total oxidant (TOS) levels, Caspase-3 H-score, and TUNEL index were determined. In addition, crystalline alpha A (CRYAA) gene expression was evaluated. Cataracts were observed in the control, HC, HC + L-GRb1, HC + M-GRb1, and HC + H-GRb1 groups with a frequency of 0%, 100%, 75%, 56.25%, and 100%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between the control and HC groups in terms of TAS, TOS, MDA, GSH, Caspase-3 H-score, and TUNEL index (p < .05). When the therapeutic effect of the GRb1 groups was evaluated, the HC group showed significant differences with the HC + L-GRb1 and HC + M-GRb1 groups in almost all parameters (p < .05), while there was no statistical difference with the HC + H-GRb1 group (p > .05). In addition, gene expression levels differed between the groups, although not statistically significant (p > .05). 1 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg GRb1 applications show therapeutic properties on the HC-induced cataract model. This effect is more pronounced at 2.5 mg/kg.

Aim: Pulmonary embolism is a potentially life-threatening cardiovascular disease frequently encountered in emergency departments. The computed tomography pulmonary angiography is the imaging modality of choice in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. This study aimed to examine the effects of clinical findings and treatment methods on prognosis and mortality by examining patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, records of patients with acute pulmonary embolism were accessed from the archive. Patients' age, gender, medical complaints, co-morbidities, the treatment method applied to the patients, and the clinical outcomes of the patients were analyzed. The statistical distribution of the patients' demographic and clinical information was calculated. Results: The most common complaint of 206 patients with acute pulmonary embolism was dyspnea. 25.7% patients had massive pulmonary embolism. The blood d-dimer, lactate and troponin T levels of patients with massive pulmonary embolism were found to be higher than patients with sub-massive pulmonary embolism. Thrombolytic therapy was administered to 6.8% of acute pulmonary embolism patients and it was found to be a method that had a statistically positive effect on survival. D-dimer, white blood cell, neutrophil, blood urea nitrogen, lactate and troponin T values were found to be higher in mortal patients. It was determined that 13.1% of the patients died. Conclusion: The sooner the early diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism, which can be mortal in the emergency department, is made and the treatment is started, the mortality rate will decrease significantly. Amaç: Pulmoner emboli, acil servislerde sıklıkla karşılaşılan, potansiyel olarak yaşamı tehdit eden bir kardiyovasküler hastalıktır. Bilgisayarlı tomografi pulmoner anjiyografi, pulmoner emboli tanısında tercih edilen görüntüleme yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada, acil serviste akut pulmoner emboli tanısı konulan hastaları inceleyerek klinik bulguların ve tedavi yöntemlerinin prognoz ve mortalite üzerine etkilerini incelemeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif kohort çalışmada akut pulmoner emboli hastalarının kayıtlarına arşivden ulaşıldı. Hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, tıbbi şikayetleri, ek hastalıkları, hastalara uygulanan tedavi yöntemi ve hastaların klinik sonuçları analiz edildi. Hastaların demografik ve klinik bilgilerinin istatistiksel dağılımı hesaplandı. Bulgular: Akut pulmoner embolili 206 hastanın en sık şikayeti nefes darlığıydı. Hastaların %25.7'sinde masif pulmoner emboli vardı. Masif pulmoner emboli hastalarında kan d-dimer, laktat ve troponin T düzeyleri submasif pulmoner emboli hastalarına göre daha yüksek bulundu. Akut pulmoner emboli hastalarının %6.8'ine trombolitik tedavi uygulanmış ve sağ kalımı istatistiksel olarak olumlu etkileyen bir yöntem olduğu saptanmıştır. Mortal hastalarda d-dimer, beyaz küre, nötrofil, kan üre nitrojen, laktat ve troponin T değerleri daha yüksek bulundu. Hastaların %13.1'inin hayatını kaybettiği belirlendi. Sonuç: Acil serviste ölümcül olabilen akut pulmoner emboli ne kadar erken teşhis edilir ve tedavisine başlanırsa mortalite oranı önemli ölçüde azalacaktır.

We investigated the potential influence of kefir-induced juglone and resveratrol fractions (JRK) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing BALB/c male mice. Kefir yeast was grown in the cell culture supplemented with juglone and resveratrol (1:2). After 48 h incubation, JRK solution was applied (0.1 mL/day i.p.) to the EAC-bearing mice throughout five days. Molecular regulatory mechanisms of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathway components were evaluated in the plasma of mice and isolated EAC cells with ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunocytchemical experiments. EAC-induced upregulation in Bcl-2 and downregulation in Caspase-3 were normalized with JRK in the plasma of mice. Additionally, JRK upregulated the expression levels of apoptotic Bax, p53, Caspase-3,8,9, and APAF-1 proteins together with BAX, CASPASE-8, and CASPASE-9 genes in isolated EAC cells. These changes were also associated with decreased expression levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl proteins. Immunocytochemical studies also confirmed the activation of apoptotic pathways and repression of anti-apoptotic proteins in EAC cells with JRK treatment. JRK activates apoptotic pathway and inhibits anti-apoptotic genes and proteins in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma- bearing BALB/c mice that could be beneficial in cancer treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroids that play an essential role in physiological processes and are valuable therapeutic agents against various diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate the antioxidant effects of piperine (PIP) on steroid-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 36 fertilized specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken eggs that were divided into the following 6 groups: group 1 (n=6), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4 saline solution [0.9%] isotonic); group 2 (n=6), 0.50 µmol hydrocortisone succinate sodium (HC); group 3 (n=6), 0.50 µmol HC and 100 mg/kg piperine (PIP); group 4 (n=6), 0.50 µmol HC and 50 mg/kg PIP; group 5 (n=6), 0.50 µmol HC and 25 mg/kg PIP; and group 6 (n=6), 0.50 µmol HC and 10 mg/kg PIP. Chick embryos were removed from the eggs and the livers dissected from the embryos. The total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), reduced glutathione (GSH), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) levels were measured. RESULTS: The highest levels of GSH and TAS in the liver tissues were observed in group 3, with a significant difference from those in group 2 (p

OBJECTIVE: Acute appendicitis, which is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain, is an acute inflammation of appendix vermiformis. Spinal anesthesia is one of the most used regional anesthesia technique nowadays, and it is the temporary interruption of nerve conduction by local anesthetic solution injected into the cerebrospinal fluid. In this study we created multimodal analgesia by giving various opioid agent (fentanyl and alfentanil) intrathecally with local anesthetic. The aim of this study is to compare bupivacaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine-alfentanil that are used intrathecally to create motor and sensory block.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was planned as a clinical study using the random sampling method in a tertiary care hospital. 50 voluntary patients who were diagnosed with appendicitis by laboratory tests and clinical diagnosis methods in the general surgery clinic were included in the study. The patients were randomly assigned into two group, Group I (10 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine (2cc) and 25 mcg fentanyl (0.5 cc)) and Group II (10 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine (2 cc) and 250 mcg alfentanil (0.5 cc)). The patients were randomly assigned into two group, Group I and Group II. Before the operation, each patient was informed about the use of the patient-controlled analgesia system and visual pain scale (VPS) for pain scoring. It was compared the postoperative analgesic needs of patients who underwent multimodal spinal anesthesia with different opiates. Sensorial block levels were measured by pinprick test every 2 minutes in the first 10 minutes and every 5 minutes in later periods. It was recorded mean arterial pressure at the beginning of the surgery at 0th minute and at 5-10-30th minutes during the surgery. In addition, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded at 1-2-6-12-24th hours postoperatively.RESULTS: Postoperative first analgesic requirement time of Group I was found to be late than Group II. Postoperative 6th, 12th and 24th hours visual pain scales were found to be significantly lower in Group I than Group II. But 2nd and 6th hours heart rates were found higher in Group I than Group II.CONCLUSIONS: It was shown that the duration of analgesia was longer and postoperative first analgesia requirements time were so late in patients who were given bupivacaine–fentanyl than the patients given bupivacaine–alfentanil, AMAÇ: Akut karın ağrısının en sık nedeni olan akut apandisit, apendiks vermiformisin akut enflamasyonudur. Spinal anestezi günümüzde en çok kullanılan bölgesel anestezi tekniklerinden biri olup, beyin omurilik sıvısına enjekte edilen lokal anestezik solüsyon ile sinir iletiminin geçici olarak kesilmesidir. Bu çalışmada çeşitli opioid ajanların (fentanil ve alfentanil) intratekal olarak lokal anesteziyle verilmesi sonucu multimodal analjezi oluşturuldu. Bu çalışmanın amacı, motor ve duyusal blok oluşturmak için intratekal olarak kullanılan bupivakain-fentanil ve bupivakain-alfentanili karşılaştırmaktır.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu çalışma bir üçüncü basamak sağlık kuruluşunda rastgele örneklem yöntemi ile klinik bir çalışma olarak planlandı. Çalışmaya genel cerrahi kliniğinde laboratuvar testleri ve klinik tanı yöntemleri ile apandisit tanısı almış 50 gönüllü hasta dahil edildi. Hastalar rastgele Grup I (10 mg hiperbarik bupivakain (2cc) ve 25 mcg fentanil (0.5 cc)) ve Grup II (10 mg hiperbarik bupivakain (2 cc) ve 250 mcg alfentanil (0.5 cc)) olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldı. Operasyon öncesinde her hastaya ağrı skorlaması için hasta kontrollü analjezi sistemi ve Görsel Analog Skala (GAS) kullanımı hakkında bilgi verildi. Farklı opiyatlarla multimodal spinal anestezi uygulanan hastaların postoperatif analjezik ihtiyaçları karşılaştırıldı. Duyusal blok seviyeleri ilk 10 dakikada 2 dakikada bir, sonraki dönemlerde 5 dakikada bir iğne testi ile ölçüldü. Ameliyat başlangıcında 0. dakikada ve ameliyat sırasında 5-10-30. dakikalarda ortalama arter basıncı kaydedildi. Ayrıca postoperatif 1-2-6-12-24. saatlerde ortalama arter basıncı ve kalp hızı kaydedildi.BULGULAR: Grup I'in postoperatif ilk analjezik gereksinim zamanı, Grup II'ye göre gecikti. Postoperatif 6., 12. ve 24. saat GAS ölçekleri Grup I'de Grup II'ye göre anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu. Ancak 2. ve 6. saat kalp hızları Grup I'de Grup II'den daha yüksek bulundu.SONUÇ: Bupivakain-fentanil verilen hastalarda, bupivakain-alfentanil verilen hastalara göre analjezi süresinin daha uzun olduğu ve ameliyat sonrası ilk analjezi gereksinim süresinin çok geç kaldığı gösterilmiştir.

2-s2.0-85079181298 The degeneration of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (LIVD) and the other elements of the spine are an inevitable result of aging. However, it is observed that the same degree of degenerative change does not occur in each individual. In the present study, the purpose was to compare the morphometric changes on the lumbar spine with or without intervertebral disc herniation in early period. Group 1 (the Patient Group) consisted of the patients who were diagnosed with lumbar intervertebral disc hernia and who were not operated at least one month clinical duration. Group 2 (the Control Group) consisted of individuals who were selected randomly, had only back pain, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and were determined to have intact intervertebral disc. The sagittal and axial MRI sections of lumbar spine was used for measurements and statistical evaluation. There were no statistically significant differences between the intervertebral disc volumes, vertebral body volumes and intervertebral disc anterior and posterior heights of Group 1 and 2 (p>0.05). In terms of anterior-posterior length, the length of the L5 vertebral body was determined to be more in the Patient Group (p0.05). There were no apparent relations between the change on the lumbar vertebra corpus and intervertebral disc in early period. It was concluded that the intact intervertebral disc could protect the lower lumbar vertebra corpus from degenerative changes. Although the herniation of the intervertebral disc is newly formed, it is understood that the physiological process or morphometric changes started earlier. © 2020, Universidad de la Frontera. All rights reserved.

SUMMARY: The degeneration of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc (LIVD) and the other elements of the spine are an inevitable result of aging. However, it is observed that the same degree of degenerative change does not occur in each individual. In the present study, the purpose was to compare the morphometric changes on the lumbar spine with or without intervertebral disc herniation in early period. Group 1 (the Patient Group) consisted of the patients who were diagnosed with lumbar intervertebral disc hernia and who were not operated at least one month clinical duration. Group 2 (the Control Group) consisted of individuals who were selected randomly, had only back pain, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and were determined to have intact intervertebral disc. The sagittal and axial MRI sections of lumbar spine was used for measurements and statistical evaluation. There were no statistically significant differences between the intervertebral disc volumes, vertebral body volumes and intervertebral disc anterior and posterior heights of Group 1 and 2 (p>0.05). In terms of anterior-posterior length, the length of the L5 vertebral body was determined to be more in the Patient Group (p0.05). There were no apparent relations between the change on the lumbar vertebra corpus and intervertebral disc in early period. It was concluded that the intact intervertebral disc could protect the lower lumbar vertebra corpus from degenerative changes. Although the herniation of the intervertebral disc is newly formed, it is understood that the physiological process or morphometric changes started earlier. RESUMEN: La degeneración del disco intervertebral lumbar y de otros elementos de la columna vertebral son un resultado inevitable del envejecimiento. Sin embargo, no se observa el mismo grado de degeneración en cada individuo. En el presente estudio, el objetivo era comparar los cambios morfométricos en la columna lumbar con o sin hernia de disco intervertebral en el período temprano. El grupo 1 (grupo de pacientes) estaba formado por los pacientes diagnosticados con hernia de disco intervertebral lumbar y que no fueron operados durante al menos un mes. El Grupo 2 (Grupo de Control) consistió en sujetos que fueron seleccionados al azar, reportaban solamente dolor de espalda, fueron sometidos a una resonancia magnética (MRI) y se determinó un disco intervertebral intacto. Las secciones de resonancia magnética sagital y axial de la columna lumbar se utilizaron para las mediciones y la evaluación estadística. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los volúmenes del disco intervertebral, los volúmenes del cuerpo vertebral y las alturas anterior y posterior del disco intervertebral de los Grupos 1 y 2 (p> 0,05). En términos de longitud anterior-posterior, se determinó que la longitud del cuerpo vertebral L5 era mayor en el grupo de pacientes (p 0,05). No hubo relaciones aparentes entre el cambio en el cuerpo de la vértebra lumbar y el disco intervertebral en el período temprano. Se concluyó que el disco intervertebral intacto podría proteger el cuerpo de la vértebra lumbar inferior de los cambios degenerativos. Aun cuando la formación de la hernia del disco fue reciente, se entiende que el proceso fisiológico o los cambios morfométricos habían comenzado antes.

Anjiyogenez embriyonik dönemde yeni damarların oluşumunda önemli bir rol oynar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Koryoallantoik Membran (KAM) modeli kullanılarak 37.50C ve 39.00C olacak şekilde iki farklı kuluçka sıcaklığına maruz bırakılan tavuk embriyolarında anjiyogenez sürecindeki olası farklılıkları belirlemektir. Çalışmada her birinde 16’şar adet döllü tavuk yumurtasının analiz edildiği deney ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere iki grup yer aldı. Yumurtalar inkübasyonun 7. gününde penset ve cerrahi makas yardımıyla embriyoya zarar vermeden açıldı. Fotoğrafları çekilen embriyoların tepe-kıç ve occipitofrontal uzunlukları ile KAM’daki damar kalınlıkları, damar yoğunluğu ve damar dal sayıları ImageJ programı kullanılarak ölçüldü. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi SPSS programı aracılığıyla yapıldı. Sıcaklığa bağlı olarak 39.00C’de inkübe edilen yumurtalardan elde edilen embriyoların tepe-kıç uzunluklarının değerlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmasa da bir azalma mevcuttu. Bununla birlikte occipito-frontal uzunluk değerlerinin arttığı, kafatasının daha büyük bir görünüme sahip olduğu ve bu artışın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edildi (p0.05). Her iki grubun karşılaştırılmasında artan sıcaklığa bağlı olarak damar dal sayısında bir azalma (37.50C’de 35.44±10.97, 39.00C’de 24.94±6.97) olduğu görüldü. Bu azalmanın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edildi (p0.05). A comparison of both groups showed a decrease in the number of vascular branches (35.44±10.97 at 37.50C, 24.94±6.97 at 39.00C) due to the increasing temperature. This decrease was found to be statistically significant (p

Brakiyal pleksus, üst ekstremitenin motor fonksiyonunun tümünden ve duyusal fonksiyonun büyük bölümünden sorumludur. Üst ekstremitenin ve omzun anestezisiplexus brachialisin farklı yerlerden bloke edilmesi ilesağlanabilir. İnterskalen blok yan etkisi az, uygulanmasıkolay, başarı oranı yüksek bir işlem olduğundan vepostoperatif analjezi sağladığından omuz ve üstekstremite cerrahilerinde kullanımı giderek yaygınlaşmaktadır. Özellikle yüksek riskli hastaların günübirlikanestezi uygulamasında sık tercih edilen bir anesteziyöntemidir. Bu olguda, stimplex eşliğinde prilokainbupivakain kullanılarak interskalen brakiyal pleksusbloğu uygulanan hasta sunuldu. Olgu, 26 yaşında spinabifida tanısı olan hidrosefali sebebiyle şant operasyonugeçirmiş erkek bireydi. Aynı zamanda, hasta birey kronik böbrek yetmezliği nedeni ile haftada 2 gün diyalizegirmekteydi. Olgunun anamnez öyküsünde; epilepsitanısı olduğu, paraplejik astım öyküsünün yer aldığı vegüvercin göğsünün mevcut olduğu belirlendi. Hastanınmikrognati tiroglossal mesafesi kısa, mallampatiskorlaması 4 olarak tespit edildi. 26 yaşındaki erkekhasta sağ humerus kırığı nedeni ile intramedüller çimento augmentasyonu ve vida ile stabilizasyon içinameliyata hazırlandı. Ele alınan olguda hidrosefali, kronik böbrek yetmezliği, güvercin göğsü, astım öyküsü vezor entübasyon kriterleri mevcuttu. Bundan dolayı,riskler göz önüne alındığında çoklu ilaç kullanımındankaçınmak için interskalen brakiyal pleksus bloğu tercihedildi. Sonuç olarak, yüksek riskli hastalarda diğer anestezi uygulamalarına göre rejyon, Brachial plexus is responsible for the entire motorfunction and most of the sensory function of the upperextremity. Anesthesia of the upper extremity andshoulder region can be achieved by blocking thebrachial plexus from different sites. Since theinterscalene block success rate is high (there is littleside effect and it is easy to implement), its use inshoulder and upper limb surgical is becomingincreasingly widespread. In this case, we present apatient who has undergone interscalene brachial plexusblock using prilocain-bupivacain with stimplex. Thecase was a 26 year-old male diagnosed with spina bifidaand subjected to shunt operation due to hydrocephalus.At the same time, the patient was on dialysis treatment2 days a week for chronic renal failure. In the medicalhistory of the case, there were epilepsy, paraplegicasthma, and pigeon chest. The patient's micrognathicthyroglossal distance was short, and the mallampatiscore was 4. He was prepared for surgery withintramedullary cement augmentation and screwstabilization with the right humerus fracture. Thepatient had hydrocephalus, chronic renal failure, pigeonbreast, asthma, and difficult intubation criteria.Therefore, when considering the risks, interscalenebrachial plexus block was preferred to avoid multipledrug use. As a result, we think that regional anesthesiais a good alternative to other anesthesia in high-riskpatients.

ozge, al/0000-0001-5292-3593; Atay, Emre/0000-0002-2378-1183 WOS:000437441500003 PubMed: 30186564 Objective(s): This study investigated the possible effects of low (3 mg/kg) and high (6 mg/kg) doses of nicotine on the skeletal development of rat fetuses by the double staining method and the protective role of melatonin (10 mg/kg) against these effects. Materials and Methods: Eighteen adult female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into six groups (n=3, each) as control, low-dose nicotine, high-dose nicotine, low-dose nicotine+melatonin, high-dose nicotine + melatonin and melatonin. While nicotine was given to the experimental groups on gestation days 1-20, nicotine and melatonin were administered together to the treatment groups. The fetuses were delivered by cesarean section on the 20th day of pregnancy. The skeletal systems of the fetuses were stained using the double staining method. The forelimbs and hindlimbs of the fetuses were firstly investigated under a stereomicroscope, and then their photos were taken. The total bone length, the length of the ossified part and the ossification rate were calculated using the Image) program. Results: The degree of ossification in the bones of the feet and the hands was determined. When the total bone length and the length of the ossified part were evaluated, they were significantly decreased in the nicotine groups (P