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This conceptual paper aims to add to the body of literature on social enterprises (SEs), by discussing issues and the theories related to SEs according to the lens of governance. The rapid growth of SEs in Malaysia since 1990s has been recognised by the government as an important vehicle to achieve a high nation income status by the year 2020. This, along with the increase in public trust towards SEs, has resulted in the growing interest towards issues related to SEs by both academic and practitioners. Although governance plays an important role as one of the key determinants for entrepreneurial success, little attention has been given with regards to the issue of SEs governance, For SEs, governance is more critical compared to conventional enterprises, as SEs need to balance between economic and social objectives. Moreover, governance plays a significant role in SEs, due to their focus towards multi-stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to investigate the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) action and strategy used by the top 100 Malaysian Listed Companies followings the 1997 Asian's financial crisis. This research focus on Malaysian companies because Malaysia considered as one of the largest stock market in Southeast Asia countries. These studies utilize company's annual reports as a proxy for their CSR initiatives. As crisis has resulted negative impact to country and society, the result of the study shows that the economic crisis have motivated government and business to joint hand together to mitigate the impacts, as evident since 1920s i.e. after the Stock Market crash in United States and World War II. On the other hand, the crisis has also provide opportunity for the business to redirect away from a threat to an opportunity that differentiate them from the others. Furthermore, the study fairly explains legitimacy theory notions on the managerial actions from the Institutional lens namely "Institutional Legitimacy". Finally, apart from offerings descriptive contribution, our ambition is to assist future research on the post economic crisis particularly after the 2008 global economic crisis. This is because the state social structures, communities and people's ways of life were completely re-shaped after the economic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the intellectual capital reporting practice of companies listed under Ace Market of Bursa Malaysia. This study also evaluates the relationship of firms' characteristics such as firm size, type of industry, type of auditor and profitability with intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) levels. The extent of ICD was measured by using content analysis method. The data was collected by reviewing the annual reports of 104 companies for the year 2009. The results show that among the three categories, the information under external capital category has the highest reporting record, followed by internal capital and finally the human capital category. The multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between firms' characteristics and ICD. The regression produces an adjusted R2 of 0.377 which indicate that the model is able to explain 37.7 percent of the variance in the dependent variable for the whole sample. The results show that type of industry and type of auditor has a significant association with the intellectual capital disclosure at 5% significant level. Finally, the other variables such as size and profitability did not have any significant association with the ICD. The results have significant implications for setting standard on the disclosure of intellectual capital information in the annual reports. It will give some insight to the policymakers towards the needs to design future accounting guidelines on ICD. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Innovation has been recognized as one of the important factors of economic growth. U.S. Department of Commerce defines innovation as the design, development and implementation of new or altered products, services, processes, organizational structures, and business models to create value for the customer and financial returns for the firm practicing innovation. In Malaysia, innovation takes center stage in the New Economic Model that has been recently announced. In fact, many countries in the region and around the world now aspire to drive growth through innovation. Due to its importance, it inspires us to study on how an innovation capital affect to firm's performance. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of innovation capital in Malaysian Public Companies. The study adopts a quantitative approach whereby the data of specific innovation drivers were retrieved from the annual reports of Malaysian Public Companies. The study will also investigate empirically the relation between the innovation capital and its impact on firm performance of Malaysian Public Companies. The study evaluates whether firms with high innovation intensities perform better than firms with low intensities. Due to the mix results in previous studies, it encourages the researchers to conduct such study and conclude these relationships. The results will extend the understanding of the role of innovation capital in enhancing the performance of companies in the developing countries. Therefore, the findings from this study may serve as a useful input for scholars and managers to better understand the implication of innovation capital to the firm performance. Thus, managers can use the innovation capital information to create higher value and maintain long-term competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital has been considered as an important factor for the competitiveness of many companies. Previous studies have proved that intellectual capital plays an important role in creating corporate sustainable competitive advantages. Intellectual capital which consists of a set of intangibles drives the organizational performance and value creation. Therefore, it is important to understand whether the resource is being efficiently utilized by the companies to their advantage, especially in creating the value over time. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the relationship between intellectual capital efficiency and its components namely human capital efficiency, capital employed efficiency and structural capital efficiency. Value Added Intellectual Coefficient called VAIC™ developed by Ante Pulic will be used to measure the intellectual capital efficiency. This study also investigates the moderating effect of innovation capital on the intellectual capital efficiency and firms' performance. Using the accounting data, it reviews the annual reports of all technology companies listed under Main Market and Ace Market of Bursa Malaysia in year 2009.Due to the mix results in previous studies, it encourages the researchers to conduct such study and conclude these relationships. Correlation and regression analysis have been conducted on the collected data. The results indicate that intellectual capital efficiency has significant and positive relationships with firm's performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA). The results will extend the understanding of the role of intellectual capital efficiency and innovation capital in enhancing the performance of companies in the developing countries. Additionally, the findings from this study may serve as a useful input for companies, investors, scholars and managers to better understand the implication of intellectual capital efficiency and innovation capital to the firm's performance. As a result, it will enhance the concept of intellectual capital efficiency in emerging economies such as Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intellectual capital (IC) has captured the attention of researchers in the knowledge-based economy. IC which consists of a set of intangibles drives the organizational performance and value creation. In this new era, IC becomes the key resource of value creation and has been recognized as an important corporate edge towards extraordinary company performance. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the value creation capability of Malaysian Public Companies. The intellectual capital efficiency will be used as a proxy of value creation efficiency. Value Added Intellectual Coefficient called VAIC™ developed by Ante Pulic will be used to measure the intellectual capital efficiency and its components namely human capital efficiency, capital employed efficiency and structural capital efficiency. The study will examine annual reports of Malaysian Public Companies over a ten year period from 2000 to 2009 using a content analysis instrument. The ten year period is motivated by the gap among prior studies in respect of longitudinal sample, assuming that companies had changed over a decade in response to value creation efficiency. The study will also investigate empirically the relation between the intellectual capital efficiency and market value of Malaysian Public Companies. Due to the mix results in previous studies, it encourages the researchers to conduct such study and conclude these relationships. Based on the survey of literature, there is a great gap found in the market to book value of Western countries, however there is no specific study that focuses on Malaysian market especially in longitudinal manner. Therefore, the results will extend the understanding of the role of intellectual capital efficiency in enhancing the market value of companies in the developing countries. Finally, the findings from this study may serve as a useful input for companies, investors and regulators used for benchmarking, strategies development process and policy making purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]