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Fatih Asutay,1 Yusuf Atalay,1 Ahmet Hüseyin Acar,2 Hilal Asutay,3 Selma Eroğlu,4 Muammer Çağrı Burdurlu5 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, 3Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, 4Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, 5Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey Objectives: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic, recurring vasculitis of unknown etiology. Patients with BD may use a lot of medications associated with the clinical symptoms. Drugs that are used in the treatment of BD may cause bone loss. The aims of the current study were to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) values between BD and healthy volunteers and describe the effect of disease duration on mandibular BMD. Materials and methods: The study comprised 30 healthy volunteers (15 males and 15 females, mean age 35.50±6.80 years) and 45 patients with BD (24 males and 21 females, mean age 38.93±8.93 years). The BD group was subdivided according to disease duration (0–5, 6–10, and >10 years). The BMD value of the mandibular body was determined by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry technique. Results: The mean mandibular body BMD values were 1.294±0.21 g/cm2 in the control group and 1.216±0.22 g/cm2 in the BD patients, although there was no statistically significant difference. The BMD was observed to decrease with increased disease duration but not to a statistically significant degree. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that although the BMD value decreased as the duration of the disease increased, no statistically significant difference was found between the BD patients and the healthy control group. Keywords: Behçet’s disease, mandible, bone mineral density, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Yusuf Atalay,1 Nedim Gunes,2 Mehmet Dervis Guner,3 Veysi Akpolat,4 Mustafa Salih Celik,4 Rezzan Guner21Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 3Department of Orthopedics, Medicana Hospitals, Ankara, 4Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, TurkeyBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), electromagnetic fields (EMFs), and a mixture of both materials on bone fracture healing in a rat model.Materials and methods: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group A, femur fracture model with no treatment; Group B, femur fracture model treated with PTX 50 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection; Group C, femur fracture model treated with EMF 1.5±0.2 Mt/50 Hz/6 hours/day; and Group D, femur fracture model treated with PTX 50 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal injection and EMF 1.5±0.2 Mt/50 Hz/6 hours/day.Results: Bone fracture healing was significantly better in Group B and Group C compared to Group A (P0.05).Conclusion: It can be concluded that both a specific EMF and PTX had a positive effect on bone fracture healing but when used in combination, may not be beneficial.Keywords: bones, electromagnetic fields, fracture healing, phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline, rats

Yusuf Atalay,1 Fatih Asutay,1 Kamil Serkan Agacayak,2 Mahmut Koparal,3 Fahri Adali,4 Belgin Gulsun2 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, 4Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the reliability of panoramic radiograph (PR) as a screening tool for the detection of calcified carotid atheroma (CCA) by comparing it with Doppler ultrasonography (DU) examination. A second aim was to evaluate the relationship among CCA, systemic diseases, smoking, and body mass index in an older population.Materials and methods: A total of 1,650 PRs of patients aged over 45 years (736 males and 914 females) were randomly selected. All the patients had been referred to the Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, during 2013–2014 for routine PR screening. Medical data were collected from the archival records of the dental school. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (study group), CCA findings were confirmed by DU (n=59); and Group B (control group), CCA findings were not confirmed by DU (n=34).Results: Of the 1,650 individuals, 93 (5.63%) were detected to have CCA on PR. The population consisted of 43 males and 50 females with mean age of 59.84±10.92 years. No difference was determined in respect of CCA between the sexes (P=0.745). There was a significant difference between Group A and Group B in respect of hypertension (P=0.004). But there was no difference between Group A and Group B in respect of age (P=0.495), BMI (P=0.756), diabetes (P=0.168), and smoking (P=0.482) distribution.Conclusion: Although PR cannot be used as an initial diagnostic method when searching for CCA, dentists should be aware of CCA on a routine PR, particularly in older patients who may also have the risk factors of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking. Recognizing of CCA especially in hypertensive patients could potentially increase the length and quality of life for individuals. Keywords: panoramic radiograph, calcified carotid atheroma, atherosclerosis, risk factors, ultrasonography

Yusuf Atalay,1 Mehmet Fatih Bozkurt,2 Yucel Gonul,3 Omer Cakmak,4 Kamil Serkan Agacayak,5 Ibrahim Köse,6 Omer Hazman,7 Hikmet Keles,2 Ozan Turamanlar,3 Mehmet Eroglu8 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey; 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey; 3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey; 4Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey; 5Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey; 6Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey; 7Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey; 8Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calcium channel blocker (CCB) amlodipine (AML), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and a mixture of both materials on bone healing.Materials and methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A, tibia defect model with no treatment; group B, tibia defect model treated with AML, 0.04 mg daily by oral gavage; group C, tibia defect model treated with local PRP; group D, tibia defect model treated with local PRP and AML, 0.04 mg daily by oral gavage.Results: At day 21, bone healing was significantly better in groups C and D compared to group A (P0.05). At day 30, groups B and C showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) compared to group A, but bone healing in group D was significantly better than in group A (P0.05), but PRP and AML + PRP increased ALP activity statistically (P

Ahmet Günay,1 Osman Fatih Arpağ,2 Serhat Atilgan,3 Ferhan Yaman,3 Yusuf Atalay,4 İzzet Acikan3 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey; 2Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey; 3Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey; 4Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on palatal mucosal defects and tooth extraction sockets in an experimental model.Materials and methods: Forty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean age of 7 weeks and weighing 280–490 g were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into two groups: group A (the control group, n=21) and group B (the experimental group, n=21). Under anesthesia with ketamine (8 mg/100 g, intraperitoneally), palatal mucosal defects were created and tooth extraction was performed in the rats in groups A and B. Group A received no treatment, whereas group B received CAPE. CAPE was injected daily (10 µmol/kg, intraperitoneally). The rats were killed on days 7, 14, and 30 after the procedures. Palatal mucosa healing and changes in bone tissue and fibrous tissue were evaluated histopathologically.Result: Pairwise comparisons showed no statistically significant difference between days 7 and 14 in either group (P>0.05). At day 30, bone healing was significantly better in group B (CAPE) than in group A (control) (P0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that CAPE can significantly improve tooth socket healing. Keywords: caffeic acid phenyl ester, palatal mucosa, tooth extraction socket, healing

Kamil Serkan Ağaçayak,1 Sedat Güven,2 Mahmut Koparal,1 Nedim Güneş,1 Yusuf Atalay,3 Serhat Atilgan11Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey; 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyon, TurkeyIntroduction: In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with calcium channel blockers or beta blockers on the bone mineral density of maxilla, as determined by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted on CBCT images of men older than 55 years who had received different dental indications. Data were grouped into three categories according to the antihypertensive medication history of the patients: group A included patients who had been taking beta-blocker treatment for more than 5 years, group B included patients who had been taking calcium channel blocker treatment for more than 5 years, and the control group included patients who had never used any hypertensive medications before.Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the beta blocker and calcium channel blocker groups.Conclusion: In hypertension treatment, beta blockers may be preferred to calcium channel blockers in patients at high risk for osteoporosis and bone resorption.Keywords: bone mineral density, CBCT, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers

The optimized molecular structures, conformational analyses, vibrational (IR) frequencies and their assignments, maximum electronic absorption wavelengths (gas phase and in ethanol solvent), ¹H and [sup.13]C NMR chemical shift values (gas phase and in CD[Cl.sub.3] solvent), HOMO-LUMO analysis, molecular electrostatic potential surfaces, and nonlinear optical properties of flufenpyr ([C.sub.14][H.sub.9]Cl[F.sub.4][N.sub.2][O.sub.4]) and amipizone ([C.sub.14][H.sub.16]Cl[N.sub.3]O) compounds that have many biological activities have been calculated using the DFT/B3LYP, B3PW91, and HSEH1PBE methods with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set in the ground state. A comparison among the results calculated at the mentioned levels indicates that the HSEH1PBE calculations give usually greater values compared with the others in terms of vibrational frequencies, the maximum electronic absorption wavelengths, and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of the title compounds. Key words: vibrational spectroscopy, ¹H and [sup.13]C NMR chemical shifts, flufenpyr, amipizone, density functional theory method. Le flufenpyr ([C.sub.14][H.sub.9]Cl[F.sub.4][N.sub.2][O.sub.4]) et l'amipizone ([C.sub.14][H.sub.16]Cl[N.sub.3]O) sont des composes biologiquement actifs a l'egard de multiples cibles. Au moyen des methodes DFT/B3LYP, B3PW91 et HSEH1PBE, en utilisant la base 6-311G(d,p) a l'etat fondamental, nous avons calcule les parametres suivants relativement a ces composes : structures moleculaires optimisees, analyses conformationnelles, frequences vibrationnelles (IR) et assignation de leurs pics, longueurs d'onde de l'absorption electronique maximale (en phase gazeuse et en solution dans l'ethanol), deplacements chimiques en RMN¹H et [sup.13]C (en phase gazeuse et en solution dans le CD[Cl.sub.3]), analyse HOMO-LUMO, surfaces de potentiel electrostatique moleculaire et proprietes optiques non lineaires. La comparaison des resultats calcules aux niveaux mentionnes indique que les calculs HSEH1PBE donnent habituellement des valeurs plus elevees que les autres methodes pour ce qui est des frequences vibrationnelles, des longueurs d'onde de l'absorption electronique maximale et des largeurs de bande interdite HOMO-LUMO pour les composes susmentionnes. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: spectroscopie vibrationnelle, deplacements chimiques en RMN ¹H et [sup.13]C, flufenpyr, amipizone, methode de la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite., Introduction The 3(2H)-pyridazinones as pyridazine derivatives contain two adjacent nitrogen atoms at the 1 and 2 positions in a six-membered ring and a carbonyl group at the 3 position and [...]