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This is a book about behavioral threat assessment that focuses on prevention and early intervention. It's about thoughtful connection, inclusion, prosocial relationship building, and the restoration of meaningful and positive experiences for young people within the school environment. It's about the importance of staying objective, avoiding assumptions, and eliminating prejudgment. Finally, it's about redirecting that person to constructive, nonviolent solutions and avoiding arrest, institutionalization, or worse.

The story of how Black and Brown parents, students and members of low-income communities of color organized to dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline in their local schools and built a movement that spread across the country. In Willful Defiance, Mark R. Warren documents how Black and Brown parents, students, and low-income communities of color organized to dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline in their local schools and built an intersectional movement that spread across the country. Examining organizing processes in Mississippi, Los Angeles, Chicago, and other localities, he shows how relatively small groups of community members built the power to win policy changes to reduce suspensions and expulsions by combining deep local organizing with resources from the national movement. As a result, over the course of twenty years, the movement to combat the school-to-prison pipeline resulted in falling suspension rates across the country and began to make gains in reducing police presence in schools, especially in places where there have been sustained organizing and advocacy efforts. In documenting the struggle organizers waged to build national alliances led by community groups and people most impacted by injustice rather than Washington-based professional advocates, Warren offers a new model for movements that operate simultaneously at local, state and national levels, while primarily oriented to support and spread local organizing. In doing so, he argues for the need to rethink national social justice movements as interconnected local struggles whose victories are lifted and spread, In the end, the book highlights lessons from the school-to-prison pipeline movement for organizers, educators, policymakers and a broader public seeking to transform deep-seated and systemic racism in public schools and the broader society.

This volume details the development and initial evaluation of a supplemental literacy course intended to support at-risk high school students in the US. Developed using design based research (DBR), the course combines argument writing and knowledge building literacy routines to support academic literacy development.Acknowledging the demand for US students to meet academic literacy standards that emphasize explanatory and argumentative writing, the text foregrounds knowledge building as key to effective writing development. Chapters trace the development and implementation of course literacy routines designed using DBR and use whole-class and individual case studies to demonstrate how informational reading, discussion, and argument writing become an activity system to support literacy development. Ultimately, the text has important implications for literacy course design, and the use of knowledge building analysis and DBR in research.The text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators in higher education with an interest in academic literacy education, writing and composition, and secondary education more broadly. Those specifically interested in methodologies relating to classroom teaching and learning as well as argumentation and argument writing will also benefit from this book.

This important volume examines how and why increasing numbers of students, disproportionately youth of color, are being taken from our schools and put into our prisons. Williamson and Appleman, along with a collection of scholars, teacher educators, K–12 teachers, administrators, and incarcerated students, offer their perspectives on how schooling can be restructured to disrupt this flow and dismantle the school-to-prison pipeline. They present clearly articulated strategies on curriculum, pedagogy, and disciplinary practices that can help redirect our collective efforts away from carceral practices. By considering chapters from prison educators and currently incarcerated students (the end of the pipeline), readers will plainly see the disciplinary and curricular issues that need to be addressed in our schools. The text includes examples of meaningful ways to engage students that could be incorporated into a variety of classrooms, from social studies to science to English language arts.Book Features:Instructive cautionary tales with specific pedagogical and policy suggestions. Alternatives to discipline in schools, such as restorative justice and positive behavioral support.Insights to help educators consider the trajectory of their students, as well as suggestions for making the curriculum both relevant and sustaining. Directly addresses the ways in which an understanding of the mechanisms of the school-to-prison pipeline can be woven into teacher preparation.

School Success for At-Risk Students: A Culturally Responsive Tiered Approach introduces a model that incorporates cultural responsiveness into the familiar three-tiered model of behavioural and academic support. The model is designed to modify learning environments to support all students, identify students at risk, and provide a continuum of supports for those who need it.The characteristics, outcomes, and support needs of at-risk students are explored in detail. These students include those with disabilities, those who are English language learners, refugees, indigenous, LGBT+, students from low SES backgrounds, and those who are involved with the juvenile justice or out-of-home care systems. The concepts of cultural responsiveness and competence are defined and discussed, then incorporated into a framework that includes the Response to Intervention and Positive Behavioural Interventions and Supports frameworks. This revised framework is investigated in regards to theory, research, and practice. The importance of cultural competence for at-risk students and ways to improve this in schools are suggested. This book is a necessary companion for educators and researchers who have an interest in exploring the nature and context of educating at-risk students from the perspective of a culturally responsive multi-tiered system of support. It will also be of interest to a wide range of individuals working in education with at-risk youth, including preservice and veteran teachers, leadership teams, school psychologists, and school counsellors, as well as teacher educators.

On his very first day of school as a substitute teacher, Cinque Henderson was cursed at and openly threatened by one of his students. Not wanting trouble or any broken bones, Henderson called the hall monitor, who escorted the student to the office. But five minutes later the office sent him back with a note that read, “Ok to return to class.” That was it: no suspension, no detention, no phone call home, nothing. Sit Down and Shut Up: How Discipline Can Set Students Free is a passionate and personal analysis of Henderson's year as substitute teacher in some of America's toughest schools. Students disrespected, yelled at, and threatened teachers, abetted by a school system and political culture that turned a willfully blind eye to the economic and social decline that created the problem. Henderson concludes that the failures of our worst schools are the result of a population in crisis: classrooms are microcosms of all our nation's most vexing issues of race and class. The legacy and stain of race—the price of generational trauma, the cost of fatherlessness, the failures of capitalism, the false promise of meritocracy—played itself out in every single interaction Henderson had with an aggressive student, an unengaged parent, or a failed administrator. In response to the chaos he found in the classroom, Henderson proposes a recommitment to the notion that discipline—wisely and properly understood, patiently and justly administered—is the only proper route to freedom and opportunity for generations of poor youth. With applications far beyond the classroom, Henderson's experiences offer novel insights into the pressing racial, social, and economic issues that have shaped America's cultural landscape.Sure to ignite discussion and controversy, Sit Down and Shut Up provides a frank evaluation of the broken classrooms of America and offers a bold strategy for fixing them.

This volume examines the school-to-prison pipeline, a concept that has received growing attention over the past 10–15 years in the United States. The “pipeline” refers to a number of interrelated concepts and activities that most often include the criminalization of students and student behavior, the police-like state found in many schools throughout the country, and the introduction of youth into the criminal justice system at an early age. The school-to-prison pipeline negatively and disproportionally affects communities of color throughout the United States, particularly in urban areas. Given the demographic composition of public schools in the United States, the nature of student performance in schools over the past 50 years, the manifestation of school-to-prison pipeline approaches pervasive throughout the country and the world, and the growing incarceration rates for youth, this volume explores this issue from the sociological, criminological, and educational perspectives. Understanding, Dismantling, and Disrupting the Prison-to-School Pipeline has contributions from scholars and practitioners who work in the fields of sociology, counseling, criminal justice, and who are working to dismantle the pipeline. While the academic conversation has consistently called the pipeline ‘school-to-prison,'including the framing of many chapters in this book, the economic and market forces driving the prison-industrial complex urge us to consider reframing the pipeline as one working from ‘prison-to-school.'This volume points toward the tensions between efforts to articulate values of democratic education and schooling against practices that criminalize youth and engage students in reductionist and legalistic manners.

The book is a critical examination of the complex role of writing in court-involved young adults'lives. The purpose of this book is to provide an in-depth look at how writing might possibly be the best opportunity to give students multiple tools to deal with their circumstances in life: to give them a voice to express themselves; an opportunity to recognize their strengths; a way to document their aspirations; and chance to give them hope. Furthermore, this book will advocate for literacy instruction that is grounded in research, and will advocate for youth to be creative meaning-makers, and finally this book will underscore the power of writing as a way to amplify beliefs and life experiences. This book includes current research that supports a framework for teaching writing, particularly for those youth who are marginalized and disenfranchised, while considering the meaning of equity in education.

For all the debates about black males and their role in American society, there has been little attention to a dangerous and growing trend: the overprescription of Ritalin and other behavioral drugs. This book reveals how and why black males are disproportionately targeted and controlled by American schools in ways that hamper and endanger their educational success. Fitzgerald shows how the government, medical practitioners, and the pharmaceuticals industry have facilitated this oppressive trend, setting it against a larger historical backdrop of racism in American education.

The only text to fully address the causes, impact, and solutions to the school-to-prison pipelineThe expanded use of zero tolerance policies and security measures in schools has exponentially increased arrests and referrals to the juvenile courtsóoften for typical adolescent developmental behaviors and low-level misdemeanors. This is the first truly comprehensive assessment of the ìschool-to-prison pipelineîóa term that refers to the increased risk for certain individuals, disproportionately from minority and impoverished communities, to end up ensnared in the criminal justice system because of excessively punitive disciplinary policies in schools. Written by one of the foremost experts on this topic, the book examines school disciplinary policies and juvenile justice policies that contribute to the pipeline, describes its impact on targetedóboth intentionally and unintentionallyóchildren and adolescents, and recommends a more supportive and rehabilitative model that challenges the criminalization of education and punitive juvenile justice.The book outlines effective policies, interventions, and preventative efforts that can be used to improve school climates and safety. The author includes specific recommendations for delinquency, detention, and incarceration prevention. The text incorporates a vast store of empirical knowledge from all relevant fields of study and includes research citations for more in-depth study. Case examples illuminate the plight of adolescents enmeshed in these systems along with effective interventions. The book is a vital resource for undergraduate and graduate students of social work and criminal justice as well as for juvenile court and school personnel and policymakers. Key Features: Provides a comprehensive assessment of the school-to-prison pipeline Recommends a supportive and rehabilitative model that decriminalizes education and challenges punitive juvenile justice Written by one of the foremost national experts on this topic Identifies the major risk factors for involvement in the pipeline About the Author:Christopher A. Mallett, JD, PhD, MSW, is Professor and BSW Program Director, School of Social Work, Cleveland State University. He is licensed in Ohio as an attorney and independent social worker. His research focuses on children and adolescents with disabilities and their involvement with the mental health system, school districts (special education), child welfare, and juvenile courts, with a focus on the impact of comorbid problems and juvenile justice system outcomes. Dr. Mallett is a consultant whose expertise is nationally tapped by juvenile courts, school districts, and childrenís service agencies, including serving on the Schools to Juvenile Justice Technical Assistance Training Team (2013 to present) sponsored by the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ). He has published over 55 journal papers, national training briefs, and book chapters, as well as a textbook, Linking Disorders to Delinquency: Treating High Risk Youth in the Juvenile Justice System (2013).

Studies show that up to 85 percent of youth in juvenile detention facilities have disabilities that make them eligible for special education services, yet only 37 percent receive these services while in school. A disproportionate percentage of these detained youth are youth of color. These statistics should lead to the conclusion that many disabled youth in the juvenile justice and criminal justice systems are deprived of an appropriate education that could have changed their School-to-Prison Pipeline trajectory. The “School-to-Prison Pipeline” refers to policies and practices that push our nation's schoolchildren, especially those most at risk, out of classrooms and into the juvenile and criminal justice systems. This pipeline reflects the prioritization of incarceration over education. Yet the benefits of special education are in question. Students with disabilities who receive special education services in school have poorer outcomes and are suspended and expelled more often than their peers without disabilities. This book provides recommendations that address both conscious and unconscious racial biases that combine with disability discrimination to contribute to the crisis.

This book presents 46 research-based tools, worksheets, and resources which have been field-tested at schools and dropout prevention programs across the country. For teachers, administrators, counselors, and special educators who work with at-risk learners, it helps you apply the Fifteen Strategies identified by The National Dropout Prevention Center and Network at Clemson University. A set of indexes (by grade level, by job title, and by individual strategy) makes it easy for you to identify the tools, worksheets, and resources which will be of the greatest benefit to you and your students. Examples include: How To Encourage Students To Think About Staying In School, How To Make Your School Family Friendly, How to Identify High-Performing At-Risk Students, What Can Parents and Teachers Do If an Adolescent Begins to Fail in School, Reducing Special Education Dropouts, and How to Get the Community Involved in Truancy and Dropout Prevention.

Research demonstrates that children of poverty need more than just academic instruction to succeed. Discover a blueprint for turning low-performing schools into Cultures of Hope! The authors draw from their own experiences working with high-poverty, high-achieving schools to illustrate how to support students with an approach that considers social as well as emotional factors in education.

In recent years a dizzying array of programs has emerged to meet the needs of struggling teens and their families-wilderness therapy programs, therapeutic boarding schools, alternative schools, mentoring and court diversion programs, independent living programs, and myriad day treatment and partial hospitalization services. Yet not all of these offerings employ mental health professionals or follow evidence-based treatment protocols. Some programs are licensed and accredited, but many are not, and some use techniques that are highly controversial, even abusive, resulting in injury and accidental death.Frederic G. Reamer and Deborah H. Siegel have written the first scholarly book on this influential and controversial industry. They begin with a time line of Americans'changing attitudes toward challenging teens and the programs and schools established to handle this population. Then they summarize reputable organizations, including a selection of community-based and residential programs and schools, and provide brief descriptions of typical services. The authors candidly discuss a number of troubling scandals and tragedies, exposing the tragic consequences of emotionally and physically abusive practices, and recommend a range of empirically sound interventions for the clinical challenges of adolescent depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, oppositional behavior, eating disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The authors conclude with a blueprint for reform and twenty'best practice'principles relating to harm prevention, program-based discipline, industry regulation, quality assurance, parental involvement, staff education, and after-care services.

Praise for the First Edition:'Barr and Parrett have provided educators, policy makers, and parents with an outstanding resource. If you′re serious about leaving no child behind, this is the one book you need to read.'—Bill Scott, Executive DirectorKentucky School Boards AssociationPraise for the Second Edition:'We now have the tools to ensure that all our students are successful—what a glorious time for schools, thanks to Robert Barr and William Parrett!'—Nancy Golden, SuperintendentSpringfield Public Schools, ORImprove achievement for all students with winning strategies that respond to NCLB requirements!Demonstrating that both struggling students and low-performing schools can show dramatic improvement, the authors provide lessons learned from experienced teachers to help educators effectively instruct students who are disadvantaged, culturally diverse, or who may be at risk. Featuring the voices of students, teachers, and administrators, this field-tested guide reviews NCLB mandates and encourages educators to:Establish priorities that focus on student learning Create a school and classroom climate of respect Maintain high expectations for academic performance Rely on results-driven instructional and assessment practices Collaborate with parents and familiesSaving Our Students, Saving Our Schools, Second Edition, is a valuable resource for educators who want to ensure positive school change and support academic success for their students.

Does success in school protect teenagers from drug use? Does drug use impair scholastic success? This book tackles a key issue in adolescent development and health - the education-drug use connection. The authors examine the links and likely causal connections between educational experiences, delinquent behavior, and adolescent use of tobacco, alco

Create positive change in your most challenging students with the help of practical strategies found in this resource. Learn the five fundamental principles and seven goals that are the foundation of all effective discipline strategies. The authors share proven practices for classroom discipline, reveal reasons why students misbehave, and offer 21 effective drug-free ways to help students with ADHD.

'Danforth and Smith have written an exceptional book on educating ′troubling′ students. It is a clear alternative to current books on educating children with emotional and behavioral disorders, most of which are based on behavioral theories. They offer practical guidance, well illustrated with stories from their own experiences on collaboration, working with families, conflict resolution, social support for students, providing a caring pedagogy, and teacher development.'James L. Paul, Professor, Special EducationUniversity of South Florida Truly teaching'troubling'students means connecting with them in ways that can last a lifetime! Teachers are consistently faced with students who behave in disruptive or disrespectful ways. These'troubling'students are frequently disengaged from both academics and the possibility of meaningful relationships with caring adults. How can teachers engage these students in instruction and learning as well as the development of trust and personal growth? Engaging Troubling Students offers instructional and student support practices grounded in critical constructivism--engaging problematic students in the learning process and building strong relationships with them. These interactions and relationships can have a profound impact on their emotional well-being and learning. Danforth and Smith draw from many academic fields to build this comprehensive resource: History and roots of current issues and dilemmas Theoretical foundation of critical constructivism Teaching practices designed to foster the teacher-student relationship Specific programs addressing conflict, families, inclusive education, and more Filled with rich narrative and directed to teachers working with troubling students each day, this insightful, practical guide will help lead you as you develop helpful, trusting relationships with them.

Students in Discord fills a void in the professional literature concerning adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders by providing theoretical information about psychiatric and psychological diagnoses with practical information about actual public school students who show both externalizing and internalizing disorders. In the process, the book provides understanding about disorders in childhood and adolescence and enhances understanding of federal guidelines on emotional disturbance, specifically those provided in the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. The author provides suggested educational strategies that represent behavioral, psychological, sociological, and environmental models and that aim to both decrease undesirable behaviors and increase desirable ones.Theoretical issues covering disorders related to personality, disruptive behavior, eating, mood, anxiety, and development are illustrated by 57 adolescents whose feelings and behaviors are presented through anecdotal material, direct quotes from them and their teachers, life facts, and student writings. Additional perspectives are provided by comparing federal and practical definitional characteristics of emotional disturbance and discussing concerns about the inability of students with emotional and behavioral disorders to detach, the inclusion of socially-maladjusted students in the ED (emotionally disturbed) category, and the interrelation of emotional and behavioral disorders.