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This research study utilises Mehrabian and Russell's Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model to explore the connections between various components of a destination image (cognitive, affective, and unique) and the intention of travellers to revisit Malaysia. A total of 402 responses were collected using purposive sampling. The Partial-Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method was employed to examine the research model and its proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that the cognitive and unique aspects of the destination image significantly influence the affective image. This quantitative analysis confirms that the destination image's unique and affective components significantly impact the intention to revisit. Interestingly, the cognitive image does not significantly impact the intention to revisit. The bootstrapping analysis demonstrates that the affective image mediates the relationship between the cognitive image and the intention to revisit. However, the unique image, indirectly through affective image, does not influence the intention to revisit. This study contributes to our understanding of the application of the extended SOR model by Mehrabian and Russell in the context of tourism, particularly regarding destination image dimensions in different settings, such as islands and travel bubble destinations. From a practical standpoint, the travel bubble is seen as an effective crisis management strategy employed by certain countries to stimulate their tourism industry in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders regarding creating a positive experience while maintaining appropriate preventive measures within the travel bubble program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferry services are crucial in transporting passengers to many tourism Islands. The study findings imply that ferry transport manager services should prioritize safety and security, besides the service quality, since it is the most crucial during the post-pandemic realm. This short research allows ferry operators to understand better how passengers perceive the ferry service quality and safety and security, especially during the post-pandemic realm. The study findings also contributed to the literature on water transportation services by empirically integrating the factors affecting the image of ferry services and satisfaction among post-pandemic travellers. [Extracted from the article]

This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) and recommends future research directions of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model in the hospitality and tourism field. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was utilised to identify and analyse journal articles published in hospitality and tourism journals (2020 Scimago Journal and Country Rank (SJR)) from the year 2001 until 2021. The review reveals that the S-O-R model has been adopted mainly in hospitality management research focusing on hotel and restaurant settings. Most researchers have applied different attributes of environmental stimuli as independent variables and stimulus factors depending on their study setting and objectives. The paper also highlights the role of organism in the S-O-R model. Additionally, the study proposes directions for future studies of the S-O-R model within the hospitality and tourism field, by suggesting entry points for new researchers planning to adopt the extended S-O-R model in future hospitality and tourism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]