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Copyright of Contemporary Accounting Research is the property of Canadian Academic Accounting Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research in functional asymmetry of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) under different tasks is crucial for clinical diagnose. Fifty individuals with MDD and twenty healthy controls (HCS) were recruited for hemodynamic data collection under four fNIRS tasks (Emotional picture, Verbal fluency, Fingering and Negative emotional picture description task). Integral values and functional connectivity strength were employed to probe neural activation and functional connectivity in frontal and temporal lobes in MDD. Following, asymmetry characteristic of the frontal cortex between MDD and HCS under four tasks were carefully analyzed and compared. Individuals with MDD demonstrated heightened connectivity between the frontal and right temporal lobes and reduced connectivity between the frontal and left temporal lobes compared to HCS in all tasks. Additionally, MDD exhibited attenuated activation in the left frontal lobes and exaggerated activation in the right frontal lobes, diverging from HCS. Furthermore, the disparities in left-right asymmetry characteristic of frontal cortex activation between MDD and HCS were more pronounced during the combined task. Further research is required to grasp the neurophysiological mechanisms governing left-right asymmetry across various tasks and the influence of task-induced brain fatigue on cerebral cortex hemodynamics in MDD. The left-right asymmetry feature provides valuable neurophysiological insights for diagnosing MDD clinically. Variations in activation patterns and functional connectivity features between MDD and HCS are closely tied to the task chosen. Thus, in clinical practice, carefully selecting appropriate fNIRS tasks and relevant features can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of MDD. • Activation and functional connectivity of MDD under four fNIRS tasks were investigated. • A left-right asymmetry characteristics of frontal cortex was proposed to characterize MDD patients. • Task related characteristics for MDD patients were carefully compared and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) is a prominent interannual phenomenon in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO), influencing weather and climate globally, particularly during extreme IOD events. The IOD shows notable amplitude asymmetry in both observations and historical simulations from the phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), with positive events having a greater magnitude than negative events, mainly due to the negative nonlinear dynamical heating. However, simulations under the shared socioeconomic pathway 5-8.5 (SSP5-8.5) scenario indicate a notable reduction in IOD asymmetry. It shows that this reduction points to an increased frequency of extreme negative IOD events under global warming. The primary cause of this reduced IOD asymmetry is less negative nonlinear dynamical heating in future simulations, especially the nonlinear zonal advection. Under global warming, the increased atmospheric static stability weakens the large-scale atmospheric response to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies forcing. This leads to reduced strength of nonlinear zonal advection, resulting in a decreased IOD asymmetry. Nevertheless, nonlinear vertical advection, another key factor in IOD asymmetry, remains comparable due to the increased upper-ocean stratification in the eastern TIO. The reduced inhibition of negative nonlinear zonal advection and the increased SST response to deepening thermocline contribute to the increased frequency of extreme negative IOD events. These changes underscore the potential risks associated with negative IOD events in a warming world, emphasizing the importance of understanding IOD dynamics for improved climate impact prediction and future preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Reduced dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) which is commonly seen following lateral ankle sprain (LAS) has the potential to influence lower extremity biomechanics which have been linked to increased injury risk in the female athlete. Current research on the effect of sex and LAS history on DFROM is limited. Hypothesis/Purpose This study had three aims 1) to determine the effect of sex, leg dominance and LAS history on DFROM, 2) to determine the effect of sex and LAS history on magnitude of DFROM symmetry and 3) to examine the association of sex on direction (whether dominant or non-dominant limb had the higher DFROM) of symmetry. Study Design Cross-Sectional Study Methods DFROM was measured bilaterally in 105 recreational athletes all participating in multidirectional sports using the tape measurement method during the weight bearing lunge test (WBLT). A mean of three measurements was used for analysis. A 3-way mixed ANOVA was carried out to determine the interaction between sex, LAS history and leg dominance on DFROM and a 2-way ANOVA for the effect of sex and LAS history on asymmetry. A chi-square test was used to determine the association of sex and direction of asymmetry. Results The results indicate no significant effect of sex, LAS history, and leg dominance on DFROM (p=0.65). Main effects were significant for sex and LAS on DFROM. The mean asymmetry for all participants was reported as 12.25±14.76cm. No significant effect of sex and LAS history on magnitude of asymmetry was reported. There was a significant association of sex and direction of asymmetry (χ²(1) = 11.26, p = 0.00). Sixty-five-point two percent of males were shown to have higher DFROM of their non-dominant limb compared to 75% of females who were higher in their dominant limb. Conclusion Findings from this study suggest that DFROM is affected by sex and LAS history. While females have increased DFROM compared to males, those with LAS history are more likely to have a decreased DFROM on the involved side. The results also indicate that interlimb asymmetries in DFROM are present in athletes, therefore practitioners should exercise caution when using bilateral comparisons in injury and return to play assessments. Level of Evidence 2b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a novel asymmetric jump model for modeling interactions in discontinuous movements in asset prices. Given the jump behavior and high volatility levels in cryptocurrency markets, we apply our model to cryptocurrencies to study the impact of various types of jumps occurring in one cryptocurrency's price process on the discontinuity component of the realized volatility of other cryptocurrencies. Our model also allows us to assess the impact of co-jumps. Using high-frequency data to compute the daily realized volatility, we show that downside, upside, and small jumps observed in cryptocurrencies negatively affect the jump component of other cryptocurrencies' realized volatility, while large jumps have the opposite effect. We further find significant asymmetric effects between small and large as well as between downside and upside jumps for several cryptocurrencies. Moreover, we find evidence of co-jumping behavior, which can trigger future jumps. The practical implications of our findings are also discussed. Finally, we extend our analysis to study the effects of jumps in mainstream financial assets on cryptocurrencies' jump behavior and find that upside and downside jumps observed in the S&P 500 index negatively impact cryptocurrency jumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider fixed time delays in auctions with resale. The time delay may impact the bidders' valuations of the object. In particular, the auction's winner may obtain some value by depleting the object, either by consuming it or exploiting it, over the interim period and the loser may lose some value by virtue of the object being depleted by the winner. Our main result is that fixed time delays lead to asymmetric bid distributions. For a special family of probability distributions, we show that the first-price auction is revenue superior to the second-price auction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible transparent electrodes, encompassing the combination of optical transparency and electrical conductivity, empower numerous optoelectronic applications. While the main efforts nowadays concentrate on developing wire meshes and conductive oxides, those technologies are still in a quest to find a balance between price, performance, and versatility. Here we propose a new platform, encompassing the advantages of nanophotonic design and roll‐to‐roll large‐scale lithography fabrication tools, granting an ultimate balance between optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The design is based on an array of silica microspheres deposited on a patterned thin aluminum film attached to a flexible polymer matrix. Microspheres are designed to squeeze 80% light through nanoscale apertures with the aid of the photonic nanojet effect given the light impinges the structure from the top. The photonic structure blocks the transmission for the backpropagation direction thus granting the device with the high 5‐fold level of asymmetry. The patterned layer demonstrates a remarkable 2.8 Ω sq−1 sheet resistance comparable to that of a continuous metal layer. The high conductivity is shown to be maintained after a repeatable application of strain on the flexible electrode. Such remarkable optical, mechanical and electrical properties, makes the demonstrated device an essential component for applications, where such attributes are critically required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphological and functional asymmetry of the lower limbs is a well-recognized factor contributing to musculoskeletal injuries among athletes across different levels. However, limited research exists on evaluating foot mobility asymmetry as a potential predictor of such injuries. This study aimed to (1) assess the frequency of foot mobility asymmetries among amateur athletes, (2) investigate the predictive value of foot mobility asymmetry (measured via navicular height drop) for injury risk, and (3) explore the relationship between foot type and injury occurrence. A cross-sectional sampling method was employed to select 45 physically active male amateur athletes (runners and team sports practitioners) from a university. Injury history was retrospectively recorded, and a modified navicular drop test was conducted to classify foot arch height. The predictive power of navicular height drop asymmetry was analyzed using ROC curves, and the relationship between foot type (neutral and defective combinations—pronated or supinated) and injury occurrence was examined using chi-square tests for independence. Multiple logistic regression was applied to calculate injury risk odds ratios across different foot type subgroups. The results revealed a significant frequency (51.1%) of participants with at least one defective foot, including 31.1% with one neutral and one defective foot and 20% with both feet defective. Navicular height drop asymmetry emerged as a valuable predictor of injuries, with a 36% asymmetry identified as the cut-off for increased injury risk (AUC = 0.832, 95% CI: 0.691–0.973, p < 0.001). A significant relationship was found between foot type and injury occurrence. Only one out of 22 participants with neutral feet (4.55%) experienced an injury, compared to 9 out of 14 (64.29%) with one neutral and one defective foot and 5 out of 9 (55.56%) with both feet defective. These differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 16.24, p < 0.001, Cramer's V = 0.60). The odds ratio for injury risk was 37.8 (p = 0.016) for those with asymmetry (one neutral and one defective foot) and 26.3 (p = 0.102) for those with both feet defective, compared to participants with both feet neutral. In clinical practice, these findings suggest that routine screenings for physically active individuals should incorporate foot mobility asymmetry assessment. However, it is essential to integrate this factor with other risk indicators. For individuals exhibiting high asymmetry, general foot defect correction programs may be beneficial, but injury prevention strategies should adopt a more comprehensive approach, focusing on overall fitness and tailored interventions for high-risk individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recreational cyclists with a transtibial amputation (TTA) exhibit kinematic and kinetic asymmetries between their biological and affected legs, which may worsen efficiency. Use of unequal crank arm lengths and/or a cycling-specific prosthesis (CSP) could reduce mechanical asymmetries and improve efficiency. Purpose: We determined the effects of shorter affected side (AS) crank arm lengths and cycling with two different prostheses on joint and crank power, asymmetry, and net efficiency. Methods: Twelve participants with a TTA rode at 1.5 W·kg−1 with equal (175 mm) and shorter AS crank arms (160, 165, 170 mm) using a daily-use prosthesis and CSP. We used statistical parametric mapping to determine differences in instantaneous joint and crank power between prostheses and linear mixed-effects models to compare average joint and crank power, asymmetry, and net efficiency. Results: Shorter AS crank arm lengths reduced the magnitude of peak positive (P ≤ 0.001) and negative (P < 0.001) crank power on the AS. Use of a CSP increased the magnitude of peak positive knee power (P < 0.001) and decreased the magnitude of peak negative crank power (P < 0.001) on the AS compared with a daily-use prosthesis. Shorter AS crank arm lengths while using a CSP reduced average hip joint (P = 0.014) and hip transfer (P = 0.025) power asymmetry from 35% to 20% and 118% to 62%, respectively. However, we found no significant differences in AS average joint or crank power, knee joint or crank power asymmetry, or net efficiency. Conclusions: Cycling at 1.5 W·kg−1 with unequal crank arm lengths and CSP improves hip joint power and hip transfer power asymmetry but does not alter crank asymmetry or net efficiency for recreational cyclists with a TTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to develop an automated approach for estimating the vertical rotation of the thorax, which can be used to assess the technical adequacy of chest X-ray radiographs (CXRs). Methods: Total 800 chest radiographs were used to train and establish segmentation networks for outlining the lungs and spine regions in chest X-ray images. By measuring the widths of the left and right lungs between the central line of segmented spine and the lateral sides of the segmented lungs, the quantification of thoracic vertical rotation was achieved. Additionally, a life-size, full body anthropomorphic phantom was employed to collect chest radiographic images under various specified rotation angles for assessing the accuracy of the proposed approach. Results: The deep learning networks effectively segmented the anatomical structures of the lungs and spine. The proposed approach demonstrated a mean estimation error of less than 2° for thoracic rotation, surpassing existing techniques and indicating its superiority. Conclusions: The proposed approach offers a robust assessment of thoracic rotation and presents new possibilities for automated image quality control in chest X-ray examinations. Advances in knowledge: This study presents a novel deep-learning-based approach for the automated estimation of vertical thoracic rotation in chest X-ray radiographs. The proposed method enables a quantitative assessment of the technical adequacy of CXR examinations and opens up new possibilities for automated screening and quality control of radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the Tullock contest model with loss aversion and endogenously formed reference points. In a contest with n possibly heterogeneous players and convex effort costs, we establish sufficient conditions for a unique Nash equilibrium in pure strategies. Subsequently, we analyze the impact of loss aversion on players' spending behavior, probability of winning, and rent dissipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This preliminary exploratory study is the first to thoroughly examine dynamic balance, inter-limb asymmetry, and flexibility in jiu-jitsu athletes, focusing on differences by fighting style, competition level, gender, and limb dominance. A total of 25 jiu-jitsu fighters participated in this cross-sectional study, which used repeated measures to ensure the reliability of the findings. Participants underwent measurements for limb lengths and were assessed for dynamic balance using the Lower and Upper Quarter Y Balance Test (LQYBT and UQYBT) and for flexibility with the Sit and Reach Test (SR). The analysis included evaluating the reliability of these tests, as well as comparing outcomes based on gender, fighting styles, competition levels, and limb dominance. The results showed that the LQYBT and UQYBT tests were reliable (ICC=0.74-0.93). There were no significant differences in dynamic balance and flexibility between different fighting styles. No significant differences were found in balance tests between the dominant and non-dominant limbs, but there were notable inter-limb asymmetries in certain measures. This study provides preliminary insights for coaches and researchers by offering reference values for balance, flexibility, and inter-limb asymmetry in jiu-jitsu athletes. However, future research with larger sample sizes is needed to better understand the differences among subgroups in this sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, crystalline NiCo2S4 and its composites have demonstrated improved performance in supercapacitor applications compared to their oxide analogues due to their relatively higher electrical conductivity and multifaceted redox reaction. However, amorphous phase materials have recently shown promise in electrochemical energy storage systems. This work reports on amorphous NiCo2S4 with the help of urea via the hydrothermal method. It was noted that urea not only aided the amorphous formation but also served as a nitrogen precursor. In comparison, amorphous NiCo2S4 demonstrated a higher nitrogen atom% of 5.9 compared to 4.49 for crystalline NiCo2S4. Furthermore, the amorphous NiCo2S4 electrode exhibited superior electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of ~3506 F g−1, which was higher than the cNCS electrode's specific capacitance of ~2185 F g−1 at 2 A g−1. Additionally, aNCS in a two-electrode asymmetric supercapacitor exhibited a specific capacitance and an energy density of ~196 F g−1 and 56 Wh kg−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the persistence in Turkish interest and inflation rates since the implementation of inflation‐targeting monetary policy, covering the period from January 2006 to July 2022. We focus on accounting for asymmetric persistence by benefiting from recent developments in quantile unit root analysis. The findings indicate that while the conventional unit root tests support the persistence of shocks to interest rates and inflation, the quantile unit root test demonstrates an asymmetric behaviour of the persistence, implying a time‐varying structure with mean reversion (persistency) of the shocks in low (high) inflation periods. Furthermore, the half‐lives increase with the positive shocks, indicating a longer speed of adjustment in the high inflation regime. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between interest rates and inflation and have sound policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work there are studied the peculiarities of formation of the reserves of productive moisture in a meter--thick layer of chernozem in a long--term dimension using various methods of soil cultivation and agroclimatic indicators under the conditions of the left bank part of the central Forest--Steppe of Ukraine. In the work there used generally accepted research methods: the field, laboratory, mathematical statistics, comparative calculations. Based on the conducted research, the following results were obtained. In the period from 1977-1982 to 2020-2024 the amount of precipitation during the cold period of the year (November-February) increased by 71 mm, and for the period November-March -- by 64 mm. In the months of the cold period of the year the amount of precipitation increased most of all: in November (+15 mm), December (+28 mm), February (+38 mm) relative to the norm. The average monthly air temperature in the period November-February in 2020-2024 was above 0 °C, while according to the norm of observations the average monthly air temperature was -1.3 °C. In the period from 1977 to 2024 the increase in average daily air temperature occurred according to trustworthy trends. A direct correlation was established between the amount of precipitation during the cold period of the year (November-February) and the average monthly air temperature at the level of R = 0.73-0.75, and with precipitation for the period November-March the correlation weakened to an average level of R = 0.63-0.70. During the shallow non-moldboard cultivation in 2020-2024 the accumulated moisture was by 16 mm less, in contrast to the deep non--moldboard cultivation. A direct correlation was found between the moisture reserves in the 0--50 cm layer and the average daily air temperature for the periods November-February and November-March: R = 0.74-0.76 ± 0.02, R² = 0.54-0.58 (ploughing), R = 0.70-0.71 ± 0.02, R² = 0.49-0.50 (moldboardless tillage) and R = 0.49-0.52 ± 0.02, R² = 0.24-0.27 (small mouldboardless tillage). The relationship between the amount of atmospheric precipitation and the reserves of productive moisture in a meter--thick layer, regardless of the processing method, was at the level of direct correlation of the average level, and the formation of spring reserves of productive moisture in a meter-thick layer, regardless of the processing method, over 46 years of observations took place according a downward trend. For ploughing the intensity of the decrease in the moisture reserve was 2.1 times higher compared to the non--moldboard cultiation, which made it possible to form a higher moisture reserve by 8-10 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to examine the volatility spillover effect between the foreign exchange market and the stock market of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) countries along with Japan as the developed country in the region, affecting the BRICS countries. Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic (GARCH) (1,1) method is used to study the volatility between the stock market and the foreign exchange market in selected countries, and asymmetric model, that is, Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity—EGARCH (1,1) is also used to investigate the presence of leverage effects in both stock market and foreign exchange market in selected countries. GARCH findings suggest a two-way volatility spillover between the stock market and foreign exchange markets for India, China and South Africa. In BRICS countries, volatility spillover from the currency market to the stock market is seen as more evident and robust as compared to spillover from the stock market to the currency market. A positive asymmetry in spillover is also observed from the foreign exchange market to the stock market. The findings of the study may provide valuable information to investors for decision-making in international portfolio investment and also for economic policymakers for their financial stability perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology is the property of Idokan Poland Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antiferromagnets are competitive candidates for the next generation of spintronic devices owing to their superiority in small‐scale and low‐power‐consumption devices. The electrical manipulation of the magnetization and exchange bias (EB) driven by spin‐orbit torque (SOT) in ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AFM) systems has become focused in spintronics. Here, the realization of a large perpendicular EB field in Co/IrMn and the effective manipulation of the magnetic moments of the magnetic Co layer and EB field by SOT in Pt/Co/IrMn system is reported. During the SOT‐driven switching process, an asymmetrically manipulated state is observed. Current pulses with the same amplitude but opposite directions induce different magnetization states. Magneto–optical Kerr measurements reveal that this is due to the coexistence of stable and metastable antiferromagnetic domains in the AFM. Exploiting the asymmetric properties of these FM/AFM structures, five spin logic gates, namely AND, OR, NOR, NAND, and NOT, are realized in a single cell via SOT. This study provides an insight into the special ability of SOT on AFMs and also paves an avenue to construct the logic‐in‐memory and neuromorphic computing cells based on the AFM spintronic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetrical expansion of transcatheter heart valves (THVs), manifesting as stent frame deformation, is an occasional fluoroscopic finding in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of asymmetrical expansion of balloon-expandable THVs on hemodynamic valve performance and clinical outcomes. In a prospective registry, TAVR asymmetry index was measured using freeze-frame fluoroscopic images and was defined as the ratio of THV heights: [(longer height/shorter height) − 1] × 100. THV hemodynamic performance was measured using echocardiography before hospital discharge. Impaired hemodynamic valve performance was defined as a mean residual THV gradient ≥20 mm Hg and/or moderate or greater paravalvular regurgitation. Among 1,216 patients undergoing transfemoral TAVR for native severe aortic valve stenosis with contemporary balloon-expandable THVs between February 2014 and June 2022, asymmetry index was an excellent predictor of impaired hemodynamic valve performance (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84-0.92; P < 0.001). The optimal asymmetry index threshold for predicting impaired THV performance was >5.5% (sensitivity 77%, specificity 86%) and occurred in 17% of patients. Higher asymmetry index, as a continuous variable, was associated with impaired hemodynamic valve performance independent of total aortic valve calcium, bicuspid anatomy, balloon-expandable valve prosthesis type or size, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.29-1.46; P < 0.001). High TAVR asymmetry index was not associated with all-cause mortality during a median of 376 days of follow-up (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.71-1.41; P = 0.989). Asymmetrical expansion of balloon-expandable THVs was associated with impaired hemodynamic valve performance but not with clinical outcomes. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA ring is called left fusible if each of its nonzero elements is the sum of a left zero-divisor and a non-left zero-divisor. This paper aims to extend the existing theory of left fusible rings and related notions such as being left unit-fusible, being regular left fusible, and being uniquely left fusible. New examples of these rings are presented. A new notion of left generalized unit-fusible rings is introduced and discussed. The asymmetry of these notions is addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of intraperitoneal injection of LPS (pyrogenal, 100 μg/kg) on the asymmetry of the right—left hemodynamic balance of microcirculation (MCR) was studied in 10 male Wistar rats. Synchronous measurements of the MCR parameters of the outer surface of the symmetrical areas of the tail base were carried out by laser Doppler flowmetry. The coefficients of asymmetry of the regression relationships between changes in perfusion of each of the observation sides and the initial perfusion values of both the eponymous and opposite observation sides, as well as the mean values and coefficients of perfusion variation of the studied areas, were analyzed. Injection of pyrogenal changed parameters of the asymmetry of the right—left hemodynamic balance of MCR in comparison with the initial values. One hour after the injection of pyrogenal, the contribution of the left MCR bed to the right—left hemodynamic balance increased, and the right one decreased. At the same time, the value of the perfusion variation coefficient decreased on the left and increased on the right. The shift of the hemodynamic balance towards the left MCR bed led to significant increase in blood supply to the left MCR pool after pyrogenal injection. The results of the studies indicate a stress type of reaction of the animal body to the injected drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indicators (markers) of microcirculation stability (MCR) of the skin in symmetric areas of the head were studied in young (18-19-years-old) and elderly (60-80-years-old) male and female subjects. We performed synchronous MCR measurements of symmetrical areas of the head using laser Doppler flowmetry in 40 healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women in each age group). Numerical values of stability markers (T1, T2, and ζ) and indicators of the right—left hemodynamic balance of the MCR (regression coefficients a1, a2, b1, b2) were obtained using the previously developed computational and experimental methods. The coefficients a2 and b2 that determine the contribution of the right MCR bed to the right—left hemodynamic balance were higher in elderly men than in young men, while in young and elderly women, no significant differences in the values of these coefficients were revealed. In young men, coefficients a2 and b2 were lower than in young women, while in elderly subjects, the sex differences in these coefficients were leveled. Young men have lower stability markers than women, while in elderly subjects, these stability markers were similar in men and women. No significant age and sex differences in the level of perfusion of the symmetrical temporal regions were found. The results attest to low stability of MCR in young men in comparison with young women and similar stability in old age, which, apparently, can be explained by the influence of sex hormones on the regulation of human cardiovascular functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Given the importance of emotion recognition for communication purposes, and the impairment for such skill in CI users despite impressive language performances, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neural correlates of emotion recognition skills, apart from language, in adult unilateral CI (UCI) users during a music in noise (happy/sad) recognition task. Furthermore, asymmetry was investigated through electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythm, given the traditional concept of hemispheric lateralization for emotional processing, and the intrinsic asymmetry due to the clinical UCI condition. Methods: Twenty adult UCI users and eight normal hearing (NH) controls were recruited. EEG gamma and alpha band power was assessed as there is evidence of a relationship between gamma and emotional response and between alpha asymmetry and tendency to approach or withdraw from stimuli. The TAS-20 questionnaire (alexithymia) was completed by the participants. Results: The results showed no effect of background noise, while supporting that gamma activity related to emotion processing shows alterations in the UCI group compared to the NH group, and that these alterations are also modulated by the etiology of deafness. In particular, relative higher gamma activity in the CI side corresponds to positive processes, correlated with higher emotion recognition abilities, whereas gamma activity in the non-CI side may be related to positive processes inversely correlated with alexithymia and also inversely correlated with age; a correlation between TAS-20 scores and age was found only in the NH group. Conclusions: EEG gamma activity appears to be fundamental to the processing of the emotional aspect of music and also to the psychocognitive emotion-related component in adults with CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a complex nonlinear system, the inverted pendulum (IP) system has the characteristics of asymmetry and instability. In this paper, the IP system is controlled by a learned deep neural network (DNN) that directly maps the system states to control commands in an end-to-end style. On the basis of deep reinforcement learning (DRL), the detail reward function (DRF) is designed to guide the DNN learning control strategy, which greatly enhances the pertinence and flexibility of the control. Moreover, a two-phase learning protocol (offline learning phase and online learning phase) is proposed to solve the "real gap" problem of the IP system. Firstly, the DNN learns the offline control strategy based on a simplified IP dynamic model and DRF. Then, a security controller is designed and used on the IP platform to optimize the DNN online. The experimental results demonstrate that the DNN has good robustness to model errors after secondary learning on the platform. When the length of the pendulum is reduced by 25% or increased by 25%, the steady-state error of the pendulum angle is less than 0.05 rad. The error is within the allowable range. The DNN is robust to changes in the length of the pendulum. The DRF and the two-phase learning protocol improve the adaptability of the controller to the complex and variable characteristics of the real platform and provide reference for other learning-based robot control problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winter precipitation anomalies in South China (SC) frequently result in severe disasters. However, the evaluation of prediction performance and distinctions between positive precipitation anomaly events (PPA, wet condition) and negative precipitation anomaly events (NPA, dry condition) in current operational models remains incomplete. This study employed the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) to assess winter precipitation prediction accuracy in SC from 1983 to 2021. Differences in predicting PPA and NPA events and the underlying physical mechanisms were explored. The results indicate that CFSv2 can effectively predict interannual variations in winter precipitation in SC, as there is a significant time correlation coefficient of 0.68 (0.62) between observations and predictions, with a lead time of 0 (3) months. The model revealed an intriguing asymmetry in prediction skills: PPA outperformed NPA in both deterministic and probabilistic prediction. The higher predictability of PPA, as indicated by the perfect model correlation and signal-to-noise ratio, contributed to its superior prediction performance when compared to NPA. Physically, tropical signals from the ENSO and extratropical signals from the Arctic sea ice anomaly, were found to play pivotal roles in this asymmetric feature. ENSO significantly impacts PPA events, whereas NPA events are influenced by a complex interplay of factors involving ENSO and Arctic sea ice, leading to low NPA predictability. The capability of the model to replicate Arctic sea ice signals is limited, but it successfully predicts ENSO signals and reproduces their related circulation responses. This study highlights the asymmetrical features of precipitation prediction, aiding in prediction models improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elite football requires comprehensive monitoring to optimize player performance and minimize injury risk. In this sense, thermography is a validated way to monitor football players' load, when using this technology is essential to realize an acclimatization for assessing thermal asymmetry, a crucial variable for injuries. This study aimed to investigate the impact of acclimatization on thermal patterns in elite junior football players. For this purpose, a four-week study was conducted with an elite youth team, involving thermography sessions at three distinct stages: immediately upon arrival, after 5 min, and after 10 min in a room with temperature and humidity set at the same values (20°C and 50%). Results indicated that while temperature decreased over time, significant differences in thermal asymmetry were observed only in some muscles; the most significant ones were in the hamstrings. This discrepancy in hamstring asymmetry may be attributed to uneven sedentary postures preceding the first thermographic photograph and players arriving either by running or by walking briskly to the test. In conclusion, while acclimatization may be crucial for hamstrings evaluation, it might not be as significant for other muscle groups or joints. The potential acclimatization difference for each muscle underscores the need for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the role of asymmetry in the beam profile of finite Airy-Gaussian (AiG) laser is presented to explore its propagation dynamics in collisionless magnetized plasma. Emphasis is on analyzing the self-trapping condition for both extraordinary (E) and ordinary (O) modes of propagation of AiG laser beam. Theoretical formulation is based on obtaining nonlinear coupled differential equations for beam-width parameters in both transverse dimensions of the beam with the help of parabolic equation approach under WKB and paraxial approximations. It is found that asymmetry in the modulation parameters significantly affects self-focusing of finite AiG beam. Moreover, the same initial intensity parameter for simultaneous self-trapping of both modes of propagation is noteworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Class II subdivision is a malocclusion characterized by dental and functional asymmetry that is difficult to manage. Impaired muscle function can result in asymmetrical growth, leading to occlusal instability. Objective(s): The study aimed to assess occlusal force in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion using Innobyte. Additionally, the discrepancies of force generated at the position of maximum intercuspidation between the left and right sides of the arches were evaluated. Methods: The occlusal force of 66 patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion (group S) was measured and compared with that of 66 patients with Class I (group I) and 66 patients with Class II malocclusion (group II). The S group patients had a Class I molar on the right side and a Class II molar on the left side. ANOVA test, followed by the Games‐Howell post hoc test, was performed to compare the mean of the total force among the groups. To assess the difference in force between the right and left arches, one‐way ANOVA test followed by Tukey's post hoc comparison was performed. Finally, a boxplot was created to show the trend of occlusal force recorded in the three groups of patients. Results: The occlusal force differed significantly among the groups (p <.001). Post hoc Games‐Howell analysis showed significant differences as follows: the total force in group S was 165.24 N greater than in group II and in group I was 218.06 N greater than in group II. The difference (right–left) in total force between the groups was statistically significant (p <.001). Tukey's post hoc test showed following significant correlation: in group S was 53.51 N greater than in group II and 63.12 N greater than in group I. Conclusions: Among the analysed groups, patients with Class II malocclusion exhibited the lowest value of occlusal force. In patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion, force asymmetry, characterised by a higher value on the Class I side and a lower value on the Class II side was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of varying volumes of strength training on Functional Movement Screen™ (FMS™) outcomes in 12 elite soccer players. Participants were divided into two groups, ES1 and ES2, based on training frequency, age (over 18), and the exclusion of goalkeepers owing to differing training protocols. The ES1 group had a mean age of 23.06 ± 2.60 years, a weight of 76.35 ± 7.88 kg, and a height of 178 ± 6.06 cm, while the ES2 group had a mean age of 21.08 ± 2.18 years, a weight of 74.93 ± 3.13 kg, and a height of 179.92 ± 5.62 cm. Over the 9-week period, ES1 completed two strength training sessions per week, while ES2 completed four. The initial average FMS™ score for both groups was 12.92 ± 2.57 points, which improved to 15.42 ± 1.83 points by the program's conclusion. ES1's score increased from 13.50 ± 1.38 to 14.67 ± 1.37 (Cohen's d = 0.85), indicating a medium effect. ES2's score improved from 12.33 ± 3.44 to 16.17 ± 2.04 (Cohen's d = 1.35), indicating a large effect. These findings suggest that both training frequencies effectively improved FMS™ scores, with higher frequency leading to more substantial gains. These results indicate that both training frequencies effectively improved FMS™ scores, with the higher frequency group (ES2) showing more pronounced gains. The effect sizes in both groups demonstrate that the changes were not only statistically significant but also practically meaningful. The improvements in FMS™ scores highlight the positive influence of systematic strength training on players' functional movement abilities. The ES2 group, which completed four sessions per week, achieved greater progress, suggesting that a higher training frequency may lead to better outcomes in the FMS™ test. However, the potential risk of overtraining should also be considered. Based on these findings, we recommend that coaches tailor training frequency to the individual needs and capacities of athletes. While increasing training frequency can yield more significant improvements, it is crucial to ensure proper management and monitoring to avoid the risk of overtraining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a quantum well model using the transfer matrix technique to analyze the charge transfer characteristics of nanostructure sequences in both DNA and superlattices. The unconfined state, or unbound state, above the quantum well is used to investigate carrier behaviors in a semiconductor nanostructure. These analytical approaches can be extended to enhance the understanding of charge transfer in DNA nanostructures with periodic and aperiodic sequences. Experimental validation was conducted through photoreflectance spectroscopy on nanostructures within the semiconductor superlattices. Furthermore, the study's findings were compared with earlier research by Li et al. on the thermoelectric effect and its dependence on molecular length and sequences in single DNA molecules. The results showed agreement, offering novel insights into charge transfer and transport in DNA nanostructures across various sequence types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial markets and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) could significantly determine the environment of any economy. This research investigates the asymmetrical effects of Financial Market Development (FMD), FDI, and economic growth on CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia from 1970-2021. In the long run, the increasing economic growth and FMD elevates CO2 emissions but decreasing economic growth and FMD could not affect CO2 emissions. Increasing and decreasing FDI raises and mitigates emissions, respectively. In the short run, increasing and decreasing FDI could not affect CO2 emissions. Increasing and decreasing economic growth increase and alleviate CO2 emissions, respectively. The increasing FMD raises CO2 emissions and decreasing FMD could not affect CO2 emissions. The research recommends welcoming FDI in clean sectors and controlling pollution-oriented activities from FDI, FMD, and economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. PD causes degenerative changes in the cerebellum. It is known that the cerebellum does not have a symmetrical anatomy and some pathological disorders may cause asymmetric changes in the cerebellum. In this study, our aim is evaluate whether or not cases with PD show age and gender dependent cerebellar changes and cerebellar asymmetry comparing with healthy subjects. We also aimed to depict the probable cortical thickness differences in cases with PD by using a stereological technique. The study evaluated the volumetric assesment of each cortical cerebellar hemisphere and total cerebellum by applying a stereological technique on magnetic resonance images. The age and gender-matched study was composed of 47 adult cases with PD and 47 healthy subjets as control. In the PD group, right and left cerebellar hemisphere volume, total cerebellum volume, and cortical thickness of the right and left cerebellar hemispheres were significantly lower than the control group (p<0.01). Although there was significant cerebellar atrophy and asymmetry in PD cases with age between 40-71, the study showed no statistically significant cerebellar asymmetry in cases over 70 years of age. However, no significant difference was detected depending on gender. Our findings suggest that in PD, cerebellum's cortical thickness and volume decreases. The decrease in the volume and cortical thickness of the cerebellum increases with age, regardless of gender, compared to healthy individuals. However, this difference begins to close with age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study how cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices adapt their shape and orientation to a background shear flow in an effort to understand geophysical vortices. Here we use a balanced model that incorporates the effects of rotation and density stratification to model the case of an isolated vortex of uniform potential vorticity subjected to a background shear flow that mimics the effect of surrounding vortices. We find equilibrium states and analyze their linear stability to determine the vortex characteristics at the margin of stability. Differences are found between the cyclonic and anticyclonic equilibria depending on the background flow parameters. When there is only horizontal strain, the vertical aspect ratio of the vortex does not change, whereas increasing the imposed background strain rate causes a change in the horizontal cross section, with cyclones being more deformed than anticyclones for a given value of strain. Vertical shear not only causes changes in the vertical axis but also causes the vortex to tilt away from it upright position. Overall, anticyclonic equilibria tend to have a more circular horizontal cross section, a longer vertical axis, and a larger tilt angle with respect to cyclonic equilibria. The strongest asymmetry between the horizontal cross section of cyclonic and anticyclonic vortices occurs for low values of vertical shear, while the strongest asymmetry in the vertical axes and tilt angle occurs for large vertical shear. Finally, by expanding the vortex shape and orientation in terms of the strain rate, we derive simple formulas that provide insights into how the vortex equilibria depend on the background flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a model that examines sports teams' strategic choices about the extent of offense/defense to adopt in competing with other teams. The mathematical formulation adopted permits the derivation of a team's optimal strategy under different game scenarios (current score and time left to play), and team characteristics (playing at home or away, and each team's quality). A novel feature of the model is that teams can choose a strategy at several moments in the game, thereby incorporating a comprehensive dynamic element. The National Hockey League is used as an application. Optimal coaching behavior is derived in this setting, and the impact of rule changes is assessed. The study found that removing the overtime period, disproportionally increasing the rewards for a win, or removing the point that is currently awarded to the team that loses the shootout at the end of overtime, would all lead to the adoption of more offensive strategies during the game. That outcome is aligned with higher fan interest and team revenue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academia and governments have shown interest in studying the influence of the global economic policy uncertainty index (GEPU) and the geopolitical risk index (GPR) on insurance development. Several empirical studies have been conducted to examine the influence of GEPU and GPR on insurance development. Nevertheless, the empirical results failed to achieve consensus. This study aims to study the asymmetric impacts of the GEPU and the GPR on insurance sector development in ASEAN from 1990 to 2020. We used the linear panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) approach and the asymmetric panel autoregressive distributed lag (PNARDL) approach. The results from the linear panel ARDL showed that GEPU and GPR had an impact on non-life insurance (NI), but both variables did not have an impact on life insurance (LI). Furthermore, the asymmetric panel ARDL showed no significant impact of positive shocks from GEPU had a positive impact on LI and NI, but the negative shocks from GEPU only had a positive impact on NI. Positive and negative shocks from GEPU lead to an increase in the NI. Interestingly, we found that the positive shocks of GPR led to an increase in NI, but positive or negative shocks of GPR did not have an impact on LI. Policymakers in ASEAN should closely look at the GEPU and the GPR for insurance policy development. JEL Codes: E6, G0 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While previous panel studies have focused on the linear specifications of the industrial production-carbon emissions nexus, nonlinear panel studies on this relationship remain thin on the ground. This article examines the asymmetric nexus between industrial production and carbon emissions in 30 selected Sub-Saharan African countries spanning from 1990 to 2019. In the presence of cross-sectional dependence, the second-generation unit root tests were applied to examine the unit-root properties. The cointegration tests results confirm the presence of a long-run relationship among the variables. Finally, we employed the panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag approach to estimate the coefficient values. Generally, the empirical findings demonstrate that industrial production asymmetrically influences carbon emissions both in the short and long-runs. Specifically, the long-run estimates indicate that a positive shock in industrial production of 1% induces an increase in carbon emissions by 0.213%, while a negative shock induces a 0.390% decrease in carbon emissions. Based on these results, there is a need for policymakers in the selected Sub-Saharan African countries to consider the asymmetric behavior of industrial production while formulating industrialization policies. These policies should also be based on the condition of adopting green technology forms of energy. JEL Classification O14, Q5, Q54 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematics is often defined as a "universal" or "conventional" language. Yet, things may be not as simple as that. The theoretical lens of the semiosphere, with the related notions of context and spatial dynamics, within which the concept of cultural conflict is defined, provides a new framework for research in mathematics education to consider the cultural aspects of mathematical discourses. It is under this framework that learning awareness occurs, and teaching challenges are no longer conceived as independent of the content taught (or to be taught). It is not a question of nullifying the cultural conflict, but exploiting the concept of asymmetry to make sense of mathematical discourse. Meeting foreign cultures leads to looking at one's own practices. An example drawn from Danish numerals, juxtaposed with a mathematical discourse occurring in a sixth-grade classroom in Italy, delves into the practical application of the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have observed sex and interhemispheric disparities in sulcal morphology, which could potentially underpin certain functional disparities in the human brain. Most of the existing research examines the precentral sulcus comprehensively, with a rare focus on its subsections. To explore the morphology, asymmetry, and sex disparities within the inferior precentral sulcus (IPCS), we acquired 3.0T magnetic resonance images from 92 right-handed Chinese adolescents. Brainvisa was used to reconstruct the IPCS structure and calculate its mean depth (MD). Based on the morphological patterns of IPCS, it was categorized into five distinct types. Additionally, we analyzed four different types of spatial relationships between IPCS and inferior frontal sulcus (IFS). There was a statistically significant sex disparity in the MD of IPCS, primarily observed in the right hemisphere. Females exhibited significantly greater asymmetry in the MD of IPCS compared to males. No statistically significant sex or hemispheric variations were identified in sulcal patterns. Our findings expand the comprehension of inconsistencies in sulcal structure, while also delivering an anatomical foundation for the study of related regions' function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the asymmetric effects of life and non-life insurance on economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Quarterly data on insurance penetration rates and GDP growth from 2009 to 2022, obtained from the Global Economy, Saudi Arabian Monetary Authority, and World Bank databases, are utilized. A nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model is employed to examine the relationships between insurance and growth. The results reveal a significant and asymmetric relationship between life insurance penetration and GDP growth. Specifically, a 1% increase in life insurance penetration is associated with a 0.3% increase in GDP growth in the long run, while a 1% decrease shows no significant effect. For non-life insurance, both increases and decreases demonstrate significant but asymmetric impacts on growth. A 1% increase in non-life insurance penetration corresponds to a 0.2% increase in GDP growth, whereas a 1% decrease is linked to a 0.15% decrease in GDP growth. These findings support the ‘supply-leading’ hypothesis, suggesting that the insurance sector can play a leading role in promoting economic growth. The results provide new quantitative insights into the relationship between insurance and economic growth in Saudi Arabia, offering valuable implications for policymakers. It is suggested that the insurance industry can be leveraged to foster economic growth by promoting life insurance and managing the asymmetric impacts of non-life insurance.

In this work there are studied the peculiarities of formation of the reserves of productive moisture in a meter–thick layer of chernozem in a long–term dimension using various methods of soil cultivation and agroclimatic indicators under the conditions of the left bank part of the central Forest–Steppe of Ukraine. In the work there used generally accepted research methods: the field, laboratory, mathematical statistics, comparative calculations. Based on the conducted research, the following results were obtained. In the period from 1977 – 1982 to 2020 – 2024 the amount of precipitation during the cold period of the year (November–February) increased by 71 mm, and for the period November–March – by 64 mm. In the months of the cold period of the year the amount of precipitation increased most of all: in November (+ 15 mm), December (+ 28 mm), February (+ 38 mm) relative to the norm. During the shallow non–moldboard cultivation in 2020 – 2024 the accumulated moisture was by 16 mm less, in contrast to the deep non–moldboard cultivation. A direct correlation was found between the moisture reserves in the 0 – 50 cm layer and the average daily air temperature for the periods November–February and November–March: R = 0.74 – 0.76 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.54 – 0.58 (ploughing), R = 0.70 – 0.71 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.49 – 0.50 (moldboardless tillage) and R = 0.49 – 0.52 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.24 – 0.27 (small mouldboardless tillage). The relationship between the amount of atmospheric precipitation and the reserves of productive moisture in a meter–thick layer, regardless of the processing method, was at the level of direct correlation of the average level, and the formation of spring reserves of productive moisture in a meter–thick layer, regardless of the processing method, over 46 years of observations took place according a downward trend. For ploughing the intensity of the decrease in the moisture reserve was 2.1 times higher compared to the non–moldboard cultiation, which made it possible to form a higher moisture reserve by 8 – 10 mm.

In this study using yearly data, it is examined if the effect of money supply (broad money) on inflation is asymmetric or not. 38 countries which have 5% and above inflation rate in average during the period of 1989–2018 are investigated through the panel data analyses. The study differs from other researches, which use monetary shocks in explaining the asymmetric relation, in which that it uses broad money change intervals along with control variables to see the asymmetric impact. Using broad money change intervals, it is concluded that the relation between broad money and inflation is explained better in the asymmetric pooled and fixed effect panel data models, compared to the symmetric models. According to the results, the effects of negative and positive changes in money supply on inflation are not symmetric. Moreover, as broad money increases, inflation goes up further. In the light of this information, it is possible to mention an asymmetric relation between broad money and inflation.

Abstract This paper introduces an enhanced time synchronization method different from IEEE 1588 (PTP). The proposed algorithm employs a unique synchronous message packet structure with a fixed length of 10 bytes and the highest system priority. This design enables preemptive transmission, effectively reducing transmission and queuing delays. Additionally, it applies a Kalman filtering model to mitigate noise interference, including clock drift, network delay jitter, and network asymmetry. The algorithm also features a clock drift compensation mechanism to continuously adjust the clock, ensuring high precision and stability in time synchronization. The algorithm proposed in this paper has the characteristics of being easy to implement, requiring minimal hardware resources, and being applicable to a variety of networks. Simulation results show that, with an 80 MHz crystal oscillator, the time offset between master and slave clocks does not exceed ± 1 clock cycle in symmetric communication links. In asymmetric links, the maximum time offset is within ± 3 clock cycles. Compared to the original PTP algorithm and the Kalman filter-based time synchronization algorithm, this method reduces the time offset from several microseconds to less than 40 ns.

Abstract No study has examined the simultaneous effect of facial forms, midline deviations and midline angulations on facial beauty. Therefore, this comprehensive study aimed to evaluate these and many other hypotheses. This psychometric study was performed on 15,042 observations. A female frontal photograph was edited to 45 perceptometric images with controlled anatomical alteration: 3 facial forms (euryprosopic [brachyfacial], mesoprosopic [mesofacial], leptoprosopic [dolichofacial]), each having either 9 bidirectional midline deviations (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm deviated to the left and right) or 7 bidirectional midline angular deviations (0°, 5°, 10°, and 15° deviated to the left and right). One of the photographs were repeated. These 46 images were esthetically judged by 327 participants (243 laypeople, 49 orthodontists, and 35 ‘prosthodontists or restorative dentists’). Hierarchical mixed-model multiple linear regressions and post hoc tests were adopted to evaluate the simultaneous impacts of the photomodel’s facial forms, midline deviations to the right or left, and midline rolls to the right or left plus sex, age, experience, and dental specialty of the referees on their perception of facial beauty as well as the tolerable zones of midline alterations. These were also done separately for each specialty group, and also for each facial face. Ideal combinations of anatomic features were determined using repeated-measures ANOVAs. Differences between esthetic preferences of different groups in terms of each image were assessed using one-way ANOVAs and t-tests (α = 0.05, α = 0.008, α = 0.001). All 5 anatomical features significantly and independently influenced perception of facial beauty. The tolerance threshold for midline deviations was 1 mm deviations to the right and left sides. For midline rolls, the only tolerable form was the no-roll (‘on’) midline; the judges preferred right-oriented defects over left-sided ones. The most beautiful facial form was mesoprosopic, followed by leptoprosopic. Men perceived the female face slightly more attractive than did women. The viewers’ specialty (or lack of it), their age, or their experience did not affect their esthetic preferences. Predictors of esthetic preferences were all 5 anatomical features plus views’ sex, but not their dental specialty, age, or experience. Zones of acceptability and also the ideal range of anatomical features were determined.

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia is characterized by heterogeneous frontal, insular, and anterior temporal atrophy patterns that vary along left-right and dorso-ventral axes. Little is known about how these structural imbalances impact clinical symptomatology. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency of frontotemporal asymmetry (right- or left-lateralization) and dorsality (ventral or dorsal predominance of atrophy) and to investigate their clinical correlates. Neuropsychiatric symptoms and structural images were analyzed for 250 patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Frontotemporal atrophy was most often symmetric while left-lateralized (9%) and right-lateralized (17%) atrophy were present in a minority of patients. Atrophy was more often ventral (32%) than dorsal (3%) predominant. Patients with right-lateralized atrophy were characterized by higher severity of abnormal eating behavior and hallucinations compared to those with left-lateralized atrophy. Subsequent analyses clarified that eating behavior was associated with right atrophy to a greater extent than a lack of left atrophy, and hallucinations were driven mainly by right atrophy. Dorsality analyses showed that anxiety, euphoria, and disinhibition correlated with ventral-predominant atrophy. Agitation, irritability, and depression showed greater severity with a lack of regional atrophy, including in dorsal regions. Aberrant motor behavior and apathy were not explained by asymmetry or dorsality. This study provides additional insight into how anatomical heterogeneity influences the clinical presentation of patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Behavioral symptoms can be associated not only with the presence or absence of focal atrophy, but also with right/left or dorsal/ventral imbalance of gray matter volume.

This paper investigates volatility spillovers and their asymmetry in the Chinese A-share market from a firm-level perspective. We calculate the connections of the 5-minute high-frequency realized semivariance volatilities of 81 stocks by using a high-dimensional social network approach. The results show that (i) the volatility spillover effect of corporate-level stocks is significant, with high dynamic total connections, and exhibits sector clustering characteristics. (ii) Both extreme contingencies and economic stimulus can exacerbate the asymmetry of volatility spillovers. During periods with economic stimulus, positive volatility spillovers are much larger than negative ones; at other times, negative spillovers are larger than positive spillovers. (iii) There is a positive linear relationship between the asymmetries in the volatility spillovers received and released by individual stocks. (iv) The financial sector is more sensitive to positive volatility spillovers and dominates the positive volatility spillover system. The telecommunication services and utilities sectors are net emitters of negative volatility spillovers. Our research has substantial ramifications for investors and policy makers with respect to distinguishing different transmission paths of upside and downside risks, conducting better portfolio optimization and establishing risk warning mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore whether offset loading in the barbell squat altered ground-reaction force (GRF) and muscle activation in the dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) lower limb compared to traditional squats. Methods: Twelve well-trained men (age 26.4 [3.2] y; 10.3 [1.9] y experience) performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 60% of their previously measured 1-repetition maximum. Sets were quasi-randomized between traditional loading (TDL), dominant-side offset loading (OS-D), and nondominant-side offset loading (OS-ND). All repetitions were performed on a dual force plate with electromyography sensors on the prime mover muscles of the squat. GRF symmetry was assessed using the symmetry index (SI) to determine the direction (D [+] or ND [−]) and magnitude (%) of the asymmetry. Finally, the first 3 and final 3 repetitions of each set were compared for compensatory changes in symmetry. Results: OS-D induced a significant change in limb SI relative to TDL (5.21% vs 1.44%; P =.011); however, no significant difference in limb SI was seen between TDL and OS-ND (−0.66% vs 1.44%; P =.278). No asymmetries between D and ND muscle activation were present in any condition. TDL and OS-D squats exhibited significant improvements in limb SI between the first 3 and final 3 repetitions (P =.035 and.011, respectively); however, no such improvement was seen in OS-ND. Conclusions: OS-D is capable of significantly altering GRF limb SI in a bilateral squat; however, OS-ND appears to exhibit no GRF or electromyography effects relative to TDL. Thus, the results of this study do not support the use of OS-ND in the pursuit of strengthening a weaker limb, suggesting that unilateral training may be a preferred mode of exercise for this desired outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]