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This article deals with issues related to one of the key issues in the theory of translation. In particular, on the example of specific language illustrations, theoretical developments, models for translating lacunar vocabulary, namely ethnographic lacunae, which reflect cultural-specific concepts related to various aspects and manifestations of the spiritual and material culture of certain peoples, were considered. And also, on the example of relevant fragments from works of art and scientific works, a number of theoretical models for the translation of non-equivalent vocabulary, including ethnographic lacunae, are analyzed. As the most common techniques, such techniques as descriptive (explanatory) translation and the creation of analogue correspondences were considered, which are actively used in the transformational theory of translation as an effective model in recreating both the semantic and pragmatic components of the original.

With the development of commercial fish farming in Kazakhstan the need for high-quality feed for fish has greatly increased. There has been carried out extensive monitoring of using unconventional raw materials in the production of feed for valuable fish species. Most promising sources of raw materials for valuable fish species are soy, pea isolates and concentrates, wheat and corn gluten, meal and cake (soy, flax, rapeseed). The physicochemical composition and nutritional value of the non-traditional, secondary raw materials and waste of processing industries were defined, the norms of their introduction into feed were determined, the methods of their processing were analyzed, the probiotic preparations used in the feed industry and their effect on the digestibility of nutrients were considered and proposed. Taking into account the physiological needs of fish, the formulations for domestic feeds for valuable fish species were developed using non-traditional raw materials and a probiotic preparation Biocons containing lactic acid bacteria. Experimental starter and production compound feeds for valuable fish species were produced at the plants of the Republic of Kazakhstan using feed components of domestic production and non-traditional raw materials by extrusion. The probiotic preparation Biocons was added into the ready-made feed by spraying. The developed compound feeds for valuable fish species have passed a production test on the effectiveness of their use by fish in the fish farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. AllerAgua compound feed was used as a control. The growth rate of larvae was estimated using the method of volumetric counting (weighing control and final samples), and the method of expert errors was used to assess the fish-breeding and biological parameters of fish. The experiments were carried out in duplicate, then all the data were processed according to the statistical processing according to G.F. Lakin. It has been stated that the feeds developed at the enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan are not inferior in quality to foreign ones, while their cost is much lower, which makes it possible to recommend them for use in aquaculture enterprises.

Исследование финансируется Министерством экологии, геологии и природных ресурсов Республики Казахстан (Грант № BR10264236). В настоящее время увеличение объемов товарной рыбной продукции на внутренних водоемах многих стран путем вовлечения в рыбохозяйственный оборот малых и крупных озер для выращивания и реализации рыбы является весьма обоснованным. В условиях ускоренного развития аквакультуры распространена практика задействования водоемов для развития рыбохозяйственной деятельности. Для этого разрабатываются биологические обоснования, паспортизируются водные объекты различного назначения, выдаются рекомендации для успешной эксплуатации водоемов. В этой связи в качестве модельного объекта нами были рассмотрена возможность введения озерно-товарного рыбоводства на озере Томай. Для получения объективных данных о водоеме было проведено комплексное научное исследование по истечению которого были получены результаты о видовом составе кормовой базы, гидрохимических и гидрологических параметрах воды, ихтиофауне водоема. В статье приведен материал о численности зоопланктона и бентоса, а также представлены биологические показатели основных представителей видов рыб озера Томай. Для эффективного использования водоема Томай в качестве озерно-товарного рыбоводства предложены рекомендации о необходимости выполнения определенных видов мелиоративных работ.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted linguistic vocabulary across various languages. The pandemic has brought about new terminology and linguistic innovations to describe the unique circumstances of the crisis. The emergence of medical terminology related to COVID-19, such as "coronavirus" and "SARS-CoV-2," has become commonplace. The concept of social distancing has become standard and widely used in public health campaigns. With the rise of remote work, new terminology has emerged to describe this phenomenon. The concept of quarantine and vaccine terminology has also become standard in public health protocols. The pandemic has had a profound influence on linguistic vocabulary, and it is likely that new vocabulary will continue to emerge as the pandemic evolves. This paper aims to explore the impact of the pandemic on linguistic vocabulary, and to highlight the importance of language in reflecting and communicating the changing reality.

This research paper explores the difficulties in translating English idiomatic expressions into the Russian language. Idiomatic expressions are commonly used in everyday communication, but their meanings may not be easily inferred from their literal translations. This study analyzes the strategies used by translators to convey the intended meaning of idiomatic expressions in the target language. The research methodology involves a comparative analysis of different translations of English idiomatic expressions into Russian, focusing on the nuances and subtleties of meaning that may be lost in translation. The analysis is based on a corpus of authentic texts, including literary works, news articles, and online content, which contain a wide range of English idiomatic expressions. The study aims to identify the main challenges that translators face when translating idiomatic expressions from English into Russian, such as cultural differences, idiomatic equivalences, and the preservation of the figurative language. Additionally, the research examines the impact of context on the translation of idiomatic expressions, as well as the role of translation theory in addressing the challenges of idiomatic translation. Overall, the research paper contributes to the understanding of the complexities of idiomatic translation, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach that takes into account linguistic, cultural, and contextual factors.

Fishery is a traditional industry for North-Kazakhstan region and, therefore, restoration and organization of lake aquaculture enterprises will provide a significant rise in the economy of the region and creation of new jobs. Scale of the lake commercial fish farm development as a component of commercial fish farming, improvement of its contribution into delivery of food supplies to population depend first of all on the degree of its massive involvement. Status of Lake Peschanoye (Simaki) allows utilizing it for fish commercial cultivation. Application of science-based systems in organiz-ing the lake commercial fish farm will raise efficiency of using natural biopotential of this reservoir and correspondingly enlarge the volumes of production and quality of fish products. In 2021, the researches were conducted on Lake Peschanoye (Simaki). During the researches the hydrological regime of the lake was studied; the samples were taken and processed for hydrochemical and hydrobiological analysis; the material was collected to estimate the condition of ichtyofauna. Generally, the hydrological regime of Lake Peschanoye (Simaki) is found favorable for fish habitat. According to the research results of the year 2021, Lake Peschanoye (Simaki) is a freshwater reservoir with a total mineralization of 875.5 mg/dm3 which allows using it for obtaining commercial fish roe that will provide a greater economic effect from the lake’s utilization. According to the average value of the zoobenthos biomass, Lake Peschanoye (Simaki) belongs to a β-mesotrophic water reservoir which corresponds to the medium level of trophicity. According to the development of food reserves, the recommended volumes of stocking with commercial species are the following: northern whitefish (planktophage) – 4 500 larvae per ha (average value for the Northern Kazakhstan) and carp (benthophage) - 350 yearlings per ha. Pike stocking is recommended as an additional rearing target that will also act as a bio-ameliorator in the fight against the Amur sleeper.

The kinetics of the formation of carbon nanotubes on a catalyst during the pyrolysis of carbon-containing gases is rather peculiar and little studied. Its main provisions proposed in the literature are debatable. The complexity of studying the kinetics of NT synthesis is confirmed by the use of about 10 parameters when creating a model. The kinetic regularities of the formation of carbon nanotubes during the pyrolysis of methane are studied in terms of the yield of carbon at the optimal composition of the catalyst.

Electrochemical synthesis of zinc chelates in non-aqueous media has been studied by polarization, capacitance measurements, infrared spectrometry and electron microscopy. The dependences of the substance content and current yield on current density, ligand concentration, temperature and time were determined. Optimal conditions for the process were determined. The aim of the study is to perform electrochemical synthesis of polycarboxylic acidbased chelates in non-aqueous media and to determine the possibility of electrosynthesis in non-aqueous media. In order to study adsorption and material release, the electrochemical behavior of chelate complexes was studied by measuring the volt-ampere E-gi, i-τ, E-τ and capacitance curves. The measurements were performed using graphite and platinum electrodes in acidic alcohol solutions. Based on preliminary experiments it was found that the influence of the process temperature on the yield of the target product, copper chelate, was very small; increasing the temperature leads to some decrease in the yield of the target product, mainly due to resin formation. end products.

Fostered by several policy documents, the large-scale implementation and promotion of trilingual education have become one of the key elements of Kazakhstan's language policy. Investigating the linguistic landscape of schools can help offer insights into how trilingualism practices are being realised, allowing us to compare the de jure language policy with the de facto language use. The study aimed to examine how the promotion of trilingualism is reflected in the linguistic landscape of one trilingual school in Astana, Kazakhstan, where the languages of instruction are Kazakh, Russian, and English. The signs in the school corridors were analysed using the quantitative method according to the following criteria: (a) the number of languages on signs, (b) the presence and absence of languages on signs, (c) the order and size of languages on signs, (d) top-down and bottom-up signs, and (e) the functions of the signs. The study results showed that Russian dominated the signs, playing the main informational function within the school context. While largely present in top-down representational signs as an official "state language", Kazakh was seldomly used in regulatory signs that communicate important "do as I tell you messages". The absence of student-produced signs in Kazakh indicated that despite being promoted through the official language policy with the help of top-down representational signs, Kazakh seemed to lack bottom-up support from the school community. English, on the other hand, prevailed in the student-made posters. This can be explained by its relative prestige and popularity among the youth and the common perception that associates knowledge of English with success and upward social mobility. The current study adds to the growing body of literature about the linguistic landscape of schools by showing how the de jure language policy can be reflected in de facto language use through school signs., Бірқатар саяси бағдарламалық құжаттарда алға қойылған үш тілде білім беруді дамыту жобасы Қазақстан тіл саясатының негізгі бір бөлігіне айналды. Жоба жүзеге асырылатын басты ошақ- мектептердің лингвистикалық ландшафтын зерттеу үштілділік тәжірибелерінің қалай көрініс тауып отырғанын түсінумен қатар, елдегі де-юре тіл саясатын іс жүзіндегі тіл қолданысымен салыстыруға мүмкіндік береді. Аталмыш зерттеудің негізгі мақсаты үштілділік саясаты пәндерді қазақ, орыс және ағылшын тілдерінде оқытатын Астана қаласындағы үштілді мектептің лингвистикалық ландшафтында қалай көрініс тапқанын анықтау болды. Зерттеуде мектеп дәліздеріндегі белгілер келесі критерийлер бойынша сандық әдіспен талданды: (а) белгілердегі тілдердің саны, (б) белгілерде тілдердің кездесуі немесе кездеспеуі, (в) белгілердегі тілдердің реті мен өлшемі, (d) жоғарыдан төменге қарай ұсынылған белгілер және төменнен жоғарыға қарай ұсынылған белгілер (д) белгілердің функциялары. Мектептегі маңдайшалар мен белгілерді талдау маңдайшалар мен белгілерде қазақ, орыс және ағылшын тілдері әрдайым бірдей мөлшерде кездесіп бір қызмет атқара бермейтінін айқындады. Соның ішінде, зерттеу нәтижесі орыс тілінің мектеп белгілерінде басым кездесіп мектеп мәнмәтінінде негізгі ақпараттық функция атқаратынын көрсетті. Ресми мемлекеттік тіл ретінде қазақ тілі репрезентативті белгілерде кеңінен қолданылғанымен, маңызды «менің айтқанымды орында» мағынасында реттеуші функция атқаратын белгілерде сирек кездеседі. Қазақ тілінде оқушылар шығарған белгілердің болмауы қазақ тілінің мемлекеттік тіл саясаты аясында репрезентативті белгілер арқылы насихатталып жатқанымен, мектеп қауымдастығынан (мектеп оқушылары мен реттеуші белгілерді жасап ілуге жауапты қызметкерлер) аз қолдау тауып отырғанын көрсетеді. Ал студенттер жасаған плакаттарда ағылшын тілінің басым болуын оның жастар арасындағы салыстырмалы беделі мен қоғамдағы кең тараған ағылшын тілін білу табыс пен және әлеуметтік мобильділікпен байланыстыратын түсінікпен түсіндіруге болады. Аталмыш зерттеу де-юре тіл саясатының мектеп белгілері арқылы тілдің іс жүзінде қолдануында қалай көрініс табатынын көрсетіп, мектептердегі тілдік ландшафты зерттеу туралы әдебиеттердің өсіп келе жатқан жиынтығын толықтырады., Широкомасштабное внедрение и продвижение трехъязычного образования, поддерживаемое рядом программ, стало одним из ключевых элементов языковой политики в Казахстане. Изучение языкового ландшафта школ, ключевого сектора трехъязычного образования, может помочь понять, как реализуется и продвигается практика трехъязычия, позволяя нам сравнить языковую политику де-юре с использованием языка де-факто. Цель данного исследования – изучить, как продвижение трехъязычия отражается в языковом ландшафте одной трехъязычной школы в Астане, где преподавание ведется на казахском, русском и английском языках. Таблички в школьных коридорах были проанализированы с использованием количественного метода по следующим критериям: (а) количество языков на табличках, (б) наличие и отсутствие языков на табличках, (в) порядок и размер языков на табличках, (г) нисходящие сверху знаки и восходящие вверх знаки, (д) функции табличек. Результаты исследования показали, что русский язык доминирует на знаках, выполняя основную информационную функцию в контексте школы.Анализ школьных вывесок показал, что казахский, русский и английский языки представлены на вывесках не всегда одинаково. Среди всех трех языков русский доминировал на вывесках, выполняя основную информационную функцию в школьном контексте. В то время как казахский язык в основном присутствовал в нисходящих репрезентативных знаках как официальный "государственный язык". Он редко использовался в регулирующих знаках, которые передают важные сообщения. Отсутствие знаков на казахском языке, созданных учащимися, указывает на то, что, несмотря на продвижение официальной языковой политики с помощью нисходящих репрезентативных знаков, казахскому языку, похоже, не хватает поддержки со стороны школьного сообщества (учащихся школы и сотрудников, ответственных за создание регулирующих знаков). С другой стороны, английский язык преобладал в плакатах, созданных учащимися. Это можно объяснить его относительным престижем и популярностью среди молодежи и распространенным представлением, согласно которому знание английского языка ассоциируется с успехом и восходящей социальной мобильностью. Настоящее исследование пополняет растущее количество литературы о языковом ландшафте школ, показывая, как языковая политика де-юре может отражаться в использовании языка де-факто через школьные знаки., Филологические науки, Выпуск 1 (68) 2023

The reservoirs of the K. Satpayev canal are the important fishery water bodies in the Central Kazakhstan. Some of these reservoirs are inhabited by tench, a fish species relatively widely represented in other water systems of the region. In the reservoirs of the canal this species is not the main commercial one but it has a fairly high commercial value due to its popularity with consumers. As part of the research, the growth indicators of Tinca tinca from 4 reservoirs were evaluated, and the data on its growth from 3 more reservoirs were also provided. These samples differ in efficiency and growth rates. It has been found that there is no sexual or generation variability. Growth rates in successive fish generations strongly correlate with each other, which may indirectly indicate the stability of living conditions. The R. Lee’s phenomenon was not marked. In this regard, the calculation of variables of the von Bertalanffy growth equation was carried out without additional data processing. The highest rates of linear growth were characteristic of Tinca tinca from the reservoir of HS No. 9. However, the effectiveness of its growth scheme was the lowest. Population with a longer age range from the reservoir HS No. 3 did not have high linear growth rates, but its growth efficiency was higher. In this case, it is obvious that any assessment of growth will be relative and depend on the goals set for it. In the reservoirs of the canal there are more or less similar conditions for tench populations living due to the specifics of its functioning. The main limiting factor for the growth rate, in our opinion, will be abundance of the species in the reservoir and related trophic factors with a certain influence of withdrawal (fishing, predators).

This article provides an overview of the methods of processing slag from welting is given, different approaches and attempts of scientists from a number of countries aimed at processing such slags are considered. In the course of the review it was found that a huge number of the following methods and methods of processing from waelz slag, there is not a single option that has sufficient complexity of processing, and that at the moment are in the dumps toxins from waelz never found its use as a secondary raw material. The elemental chemical composition of the slag from welting, which is represented by compounds of calcium, silicon, iron, aluminum, carbon and heavy nonferrous metals in the form of zinc and lead, is determined. Thus, it is established that for many years, the slags from waelz that have not found their application and are in the dump at the moment continue to have a polluting effect on the environment. Ill. 1. Ref. 63.

The hydrological, hydrobiological and ichthyological parameters of the Kirovsk Reservoir in the West Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan are described. The reservoir was selected as a model for realization of the grant project No. AP09058066 “Developing mobile active hy-droacoustic fish protecting device to protect fish and juveniles from entering the dam spillways of large hydroelectric power plants and reservoirs” of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Hydrological, hydrobiological and ichthyological studies were aimed to obtain data for making optimal decisions on the design, equipment and working algorithm of the fish protection device. Hydrological studies include measuring depths and current speed in the water area of the reservoir and in front of the dam spillway. The species composition, abundance and biomass of forage invertebrates of zooplankton and zoobenthos were studied as hydrobiological indicators. The main biological indicators, fish abundance and biomass, species composition and concentration of juveniles were taken into account when studying ichthyological data. The obtained hydrological, hydrobiological and ichthyological parameters of the Kirov Reservoir served as the basis for developing the concept of a mobile active hydroacoustic fish protecting device to prevent fish and juveniles from entering the spillways of dams at the large hydroelectric power plants and reservoirs

An important problem in the educational process in higher education is the task of automating the educational process. Currently, the educational process is widely provided with information systems. Automation systems in higher education institutions are being implemented primarily to improve the quality of education. In particular, the majority of students are leaders in the effective use of mobile technologies and mobile devices in the educational process. The article is devoted to the development of a mobile application of Zhetysu University named after I. Zhansugurov, integrated with the Smart Zhetysu platform. To achieve the goal, the subject area and the object area were analyzed, sketches and a product project were prepared, and a mobile application filled with data from the official website of Zhetysu University was implemented. The article discusses the results of the developed mobile application and presents the results of a study during which a survey of students on the implementation of a mobile application was conducted. A step-by-step algorithm for creating an application is presented. The application was tested on different devices running the Android operating system, with different display diagonals.

for a long time, the use of various surfactants in the composition of simple electrolytes by researchers to improve the quality of metal coatings with cadmium and zinc has been an urgent task.Surfactants contribute to the grinding of the coating structure, the elimination of their porosity and the appearance of anticorrosion properties of coatings. For example, cadmium electroplated coatings require corrosion resistance, since they are operated in tropical climates, in underground tunnels. Zinc coatings are widely used in building structures and roofing, on electrified railways and high-voltage power lines, in the mining industry and water pipes, as well as for galvanizing the body material in modern all-terrain vehicles to pass in hard-to-reach places without being subjected to corrosion. The object of our research is the process of electrodeposition of cadmium and zinc from simple acidic electrolytes with surfactants, which are thiourea derivatives of dialkyl-phosphorous acids in the current density range of 0.5-3.5 A /dm2, at room temperature. To confirm the quality of the obtained electroplating, we used a JSM-6490LV scanning electron microscope with INSA Energu energy–dispersion microanalysis and HKL-Basicc structural analysis systems with a useful magnification of 300000.

The article deals with the relationship between the hydrological regime of water bodies and the efficiency of fish reproduction. The hydrological regime of water bodies in years of different water content influences the reproduction and, accordingly, the quantitative and qualitative composition of ichthyocenoses. The easiest way to assess the efficiency of fish reproduction is by such an indicator as the productivity of juveniles, i.e. the number of juvenile fish per unit area or volume. The material for this work was carried out in large fishing reservoirs of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the process of fishery research (2013–2018). Comparison of hydrological parameters and productivity of juveniles by years shows their relationship. Correlation coefficient between water content (runoff) of the river Zhaiyk and juvenile yield +0.73 (data set for 11 years, reliable for the level of significance p = 0.01). The yield of juvenile fish from Lake Balkhash has a high correlative dependence on the inflow of water into the lake (r = +0.826) (massif 2013–2018, reliable for the level of significance p = 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the productivity of juvenile fish in the Kapshagai reservoir has an average degree of dependence on water content (average annual level) (r = +0.641, reliable for the level of significance p = 0.05). Regular relationships between the water regime and the efficiency of reproduction (productivity of juveniles) of fish have been established. The efficiency of natural reproduction of commercial fish species in modern conditions of the water regime, water withdrawal for economic needs and the impact of fishing is significantly reduced, but with the implementation of the reclamation measures proposed in the work, its partial restoration is possible.

The article presents the study results of the inter-population variability of morphometric features of grass carp in the natural reservoirs of southern Kazakhstan (the Ili Delta and the Kapshagai Reservoir) and in the Kapshagai spawning and breeding farm. In the compared populations of herbivorous fish there has been found the variability in meristic characteristics to varying degrees, as well as the proportions of individual body parts. The increased value of inter-population variability may indicate the high plasticity of morphological features of grass carp and the significant adaptive capabilities of the compared populations. The valid differences in grass carp samples marked by a group of morphological features (plastic and meristic) and taken of fish from the hatchery and natural reservoirs of the Balkhash-Ili basin indicate the existence of species produced by artificial reproduction and by natural spawning in the natural reservoirs.

The essence of environmental education in Kazakhstan lies in its implementation through the use of zoological collections of local insects in educational institutions. A competency-based approach is required to develop environmental values and beliefs. A practice-oriented approach is the basis of scientific literacy. There is a need for practical training based on visual material such as insect collection material. The model for developing core competencies through work with the collection of local insects is described. The paper shows the practice of creating and arranging a general educational entomological collection, involving students in its creation and updating, specifics of laboratory investigation, the algorithm of dealing with insects and directly with the resulting collection. There is a step-by-step algorithm of handling dried and spread out specimens illustrated by a particular example, and conclusions of the effectiveness of this work and its role in the development of environmental education and core competencies of an individual are provided.

The article presents the data on linear growth of perch from 35 water bodies in the Nura and Sarysu river basin in Central Kazakhstan obtained using the inverse calculation method. The obtained annual values of linear growth, increments and their variability have been analyzed. The increments were defined as a contribution of annual growth to the obtained length, but not as the initial length increase. At that, in the analysis the maximum age was limited to the most common 6 years. As a result, it has been stated that some populations from small depressive rivers have lower growth rates. Perches from southern parts of the Sarysu River grow more slowly, compared to the populations from the Nura River which is located northward. Studying the scheme of the body length advancing has reviled the distinctive features of samplings from the Ashchisu River, a tributary of the Nura River. Samplings from the Kurgaldzhin lakes are characterized by greater variability of annual growth values against the general background over a long time. Besides, they have a high correlation of the values in subsequent years. Samples from the Ashisuy, on the contrary, have the least correlation. The Kurgaldzhin groups are open for migrants, which evidently explains the discovered features. The populations from the Ashchisu River watershed have been isolated from the indigenous basin for more than 35 years, which may have determined the features of growth. The influence of hydrological and hydroclimatic factors on perch growth has been stated. But the influence of the structure of ichthyocenosis and on the population size has not been found, probably, due to the relatively identical living conditions of the studied samples.

The paper presents the results of artificial reproduction of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus) carried out at the Scientific Production Center KazakhOsseter, LLP (the Mangistau region) in conditions of a recirculating aquatic system (RAS). The conditions for carrying out the main reproduction measures are described: wintering, qualifying, hormonal stimulation, obtaining reproductive products and rearing larvae. As a result, the sterlet spawning campaign was carried out in conditions of RAS in the Mangistau region, the native grown viable sterlet larvae being obtained. In the course of the work carried out in conditions of RAS in the Mangistau region there have been developed the scientific foundations and technologies for the formation and using production stocks of sturgeon, which are involved in the process of artificial reproduction. The results of the work performed could help to effectively organize the production at the commercial fish farming enterprises in the Mangistau region. The entrepreneurs of the region will have the opportunity to get acquainted with the technology of fish growing in conditions of RAS and to apply the technology for obtaining and reproducing sturgeon species in the ir local hatcheries in the future.

Industrial fish-breeding is a promising trend for freshwater aquaculture development. The production of clarid catfish in Kazakhstan has advantages over traditionally grown fish species (trout, sturgeon) due to their valuable edible qualities. Clarid catfish grows very quickly even at high seeding densities, is undemanding to the environment, resistant to diseases, and effectively assimilates food. When growing clarid catfish in water recycling systems it is possible to refuse using oxygen equipment, because the fish species can use atmospheric air for breathing. As a result, the construction of such plants can save up to 40% of capital investments. In the course of the research, the physiological nutritional requirements of clarid catfish juveniles were established. Based on the data obtained there have been developed two extruded starter compound feed recipes for clarid catfish juveniles containing protein/fat 53.5 : 11.4 and 61.85 : 5.82 and energy exchange energy value varying within 16.46 - 17.12 MJ/kg. There have been conducted the production tests on assessing the efficiency of the developed compound feed and their intake by larvae and clarid catfish fry in the fish farms of “Kapshagayskoye NVH-1973”, LLP and “HalykBalyk”, LLP. The feed Aller Agua (Denmark) served as a control feed for comparing the nutritional and consumer qualities of the developed feed for trout. The determined feeding ratio of the developed feed did not exceed 0.93 units, it was insignificantly inferior to the import feed. The fry survival rate made 76% when using both the control and developed feed. The compound feeds for clarid catfish juveniles were developed by extruding, which allowed to obtain increased digestibility, water resistance and extended storage life. Introducing these feeds into the fish breeding practice will help to increase the efficiency of clarid catfish fry growth and expand opportunities of aquaculture facilities.

The article highlights the problem of the industrial press on the pike perch population in all reservoirs of Kazakhstan and the sharp decline in its population due to increased exports of pike perch to Europe, which led to the need to fill the shortage of fish stock by forming pike perch broodstocks in the fish farms and increasing the importance of aquaculture. There are presented the results of introducing the technology of pike perch broodstocks formation in conditions of the fish farm HalykBalyk, LLP, which is carried out in two ways: by a method of domestication that provides catching pike perches from the natural reservoirs and adopting the spawners to the con-ditions of the fish farm: by obtaining offspring from the wild pike perch producers and growing the seeding material in ponds with subsequent selection for the broodstock. There have been given the calculations and analysis of the economic efficiency of biotechnological techniques for the phased formation of the breeding stock of pikeperch in a fish farm. There are presented the data on the cost of domestication of pike perch producers harvested in the natural pond and transported from the fishing sites to the hatcheries, as well as fish products: fertilized eggs, larvae that switched to mixed feeding, raised juveniles, fingerlings and two-year-olds raised in polyculture with traditional fish species in ponds in order to form a breeding stock of pike perch by the ‘ab ovo’ method. A diagram of the production processes of forming pike perch broodstock is presented. To determine the economic efficiency of growing pike perch yearlings and two-year-olds in the ponds in polyculture with carp and grass carp, the general costing of ponds, specific production costs and data on fish catch in monetary terms are presented. A comparative analysis of the results has been held; the ways to reduce the cost of pike perch production at each stage have been indicated.

The article touches upon the problem of the rational use of fish stocks in fishing water bodies, which implies using modern accounting methods for fish abundance and fish stocks. To this end, instrumental surveys are carried out. In the fishing rivers of Kazakhstan (the Zhayik and Kigash Rivers) there was previously used the biostatistical method of accounting based on data from fishing statistics. The statistical data have recently become unreliable, since they do not take into account the illegal, unregulated and unreported catch. Instead of the biostatistical method, it has been proposed to use the time-based method which considers the fish that have passed along the river for a certain period of time and extrapolating these data for the entire duration of the fish run. The results of using the method to estimate the abundance of semi-anadromous fish species in the Zhaiyk River in the spring of 2019 are shown. There has been developed the method determining the catchability of a commercial seine on the river by conducting simultaneous fishing with two seines following one after another. For each fish species in the catch, the catch coefficient should be calculated separately. Examples of calculating the abundance, ichthyomass, and commercial stocks of various fish species (roach, sazan, bream, asp, crucian carp, sabrefish, catfish) that entered the river in the spring of 2019 are presented. There is found a difference in the values of the commercial fish stocks determined by the time-based and biostatistical methods, due to the lack of the subjective component of the forecast.