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Seismic activity in Aswan is influenced by the complex interactions of tectonic plates, the accumulation of stress, and the presence of geological fault systems. It revealed that epicenters are well distributed along four fault segments in a conjugate pattern, indicating a prominent E-W compressional stress. This research aims to explore the characteristics of seismicity and seismotectonics, with a focus on assessing their implications for risk reduction and disaster management in this densely populated region. A data review from the Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) identified 464 earthquakes occurred between 2000 and 2021, with local magnitudes ranging from 0.3 to 4.4, and depths up to 25 km. The calculated Gutenberg-Richter b-value is approximately 0.87 ± 0.05, indicating a gradual stress accumulation. The current analysis shows a more consistent level of moderate seismic activity, unlike previous studies in Aswan region that reported a wide range of b-values from 0.554 to 1.07. This suggests that while earlier research captured a wider range of seismic behaviors, recent data indicates a stabilization in earthquake frequency and intensity. Additionally, the fractal dimension (Dc) calculated at 1.57 ± 0.04 shows an intermediate level of complexity and reflecting a clustering pattern of earthquakes. The variations in the b-value with different magnitudes and depths signify the involvement of active smaller faults, responsible for earthquakes up to magnitude 2.2, which then transition to fractured zones inducing earthquakes up to magnitude 2.5. This transition is followed by a decline in seismic activity, indicating regions that are potentially more likely to experience larger earthquakes. Moreover, stress disparities at various depths contribute to smaller earthquakes within the 5-10 km depth range. Return period analysis suggests that the earthquakes of magnitude 3.7 or higher are expected to occur approximately once every decade in Aswan. These findings are of utmost importance for earthquake risk reduction, hazard assessment, and the sustainable development of Aswan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-space optical (FSO) communication has become a focus of both study and commercial interest. FSO transfers data between sites in free space, typically the Earth's atmosphere or space, using laser-emitted light beams, in contrast to standard radio frequency (RF) wireless communication. The possibility for high data transmission speeds, the lack of licencing constraints, versatility, affordability, simplicity of deployment, and its environmentally friendly communication method which provides an alternative to crowded radio frequency-based communications are the driving forces behind this growing interest. To determine the feasibility of FSO communication in the cities of Alexandria and Aswan in Egypt, we utilized the micrometeorology model to analyze how weather conditions and atmospheric turbulence impact on FSO linkages based on real-time weather data. In both the winter and summer seasons, we evaluated the bit error rate, beam spreading, scintillation, and transmission range of FSO. Moreover, bit error rate performance was improved by the use of the multi-hop Decode and Forward relay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic activity in Aswan is influenced by the complex interactions of tectonic plates, the accumulation of stress, and the presence of geological fault systems. It revealed that epicenters are well distributed along four fault segments in a conjugate pattern, indicating a prominent E-W compressional stress. This research aims to explore the characteristics of seismicity and seismotectonics, with a focus on assessing their implications for risk reduction and disaster management in this densely populated region. A data review from the Egyptian National Seismological Network (ENSN) identified 464 earthquakes occurred between 2000 and 2021, with local magnitudes ranging from 0.3 to 4.4, and depths up to 25 km. The calculated Gutenberg-Richter b-value is approximately 0.87 ± 0.05, indicating a gradual stress accumulation. The current analysis shows a more consistent level of moderate seismic activity, unlike previous studies in Aswan region that reported a wide range of b-values from 0.554 to 1.07. This suggests that while earlier research captured a wider range of seismic behaviors, recent data indicates a stabilization in earthquake frequency and intensity. Additionally, the fractal dimension (Dc) calculated at 1.57 ± 0.04 shows an intermediate level of complexity and reflecting a clustering pattern of earthquakes. The variations in the b-value with different magnitudes and depths signify the involvement of active smaller faults, responsible for earthquakes up to magnitude 2.2, which then transition to fractured zones inducing earthquakes up to magnitude 2.5. This transition is followed by a decline in seismic activity, indicating regions that are potentially more likely to experience larger earthquakes. Moreover, stress disparities at various depths contribute to smaller earthquakes within the 5–10 km depth range. Return period analysis suggests that the earthquakes of magnitude 3.7 or higher are expected to occur approximately once every decade in Aswan. These findings are of utmost importance for earthquake risk reduction, hazard assessment, and the sustainable development of Aswan area.

The rate of global urbanization is constantly increasing. As a result of the massive population growth, there is an increasing demand for further urban development, especially in developing regions such as Aswan city. This paper aims to examine the usage official land-use data in predicting future urban growth until 2046, moreover, to define urban driving forces in case study area. This was done using Similarity weighted model, a machine learning based model to simulate future urban growth. The results show that official land-use data produce a slightly better results’ accuracy than remote sensing sources within small to medium scales. The results although reveal that for study region, urban area is expected to expand to cover an area of almost 4460 Feddan by year 2046. The outcome of this research assesses decision makers to accurately predict future urban sprawl areas using available official land-use data.

Isaiah 49:12 mentions "the land of Sinim." Gesenius and most nineteenth-century scholars identified this place with China, but virtually all scholars today identify it instead with Aswan (Syene) in southern Egypt. It is argued here, based on the literary context, the wording "the land of [plural gentilic]," and the phonetics of Sinim , that the term means China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

{AR} يتناول البحث الدراسة الآثارية وحالة الحفظ لمقبرة النجومي، والتى ترجع أصولها إلى الأسرة العلوية, حيث تقع هذه المقبرة في أسوان في الجهة الجنوبية من المقابر الفاطمية وبالقرب من المسلة الناقصة. ويطلق عليها مقبرة الجنود المصريين أو مقبرة توشكا، وإن بناء القبة كبناء تذكاري تم بأمر من الملك فاروق في عهده، ولكن المنامة نفسها ودفن الشهداء والمعركة التي حدثت في(1310ه) كانوا في هذا المكان الذي اختاره فاروق لبناء هذا المبني. وبالرغم من موقعها وقربها من المسلة الناقصة وهى خلفها مباشرةً. نجد أنه لا يعرفها الكثيرون من المتخصصين وحتي أهالي محافظة أسوان نفسها لا يعرفونها, و ظلت تعاني الإهمال لفترات إلا أنه في الوقت الحالي لاقت اهتماماً من المحافظة, ويستهدف البحث رصد أهم المخاطر التي تتعرض لها قبة النجومي، ومنها أنه في عام (2018م) اشتعلت الحرائق في حديقة المقبرة بسبب عدم إزالة الحشائش لفترات. كما يستهدف رصد ما يعاني منه المكان من عدم النظافة وإلقاء المخلفات, كما أن النوافذ الجصية بالقبة تعاني من الإهمال مما يؤدي إلى تكسير وفقد أجزاء، وتم فحص عينات من الشباك الجصي للتعرف علي حالة الجبس. ومن المخاطر المستمرة المياه الأرضية والتي تم تحليلها والتعرف علي عناصرها. وللفحوص تم استخدام طرق مثل الميكروسكوب الرقمي، والميكروسكوب الإلكتروني الماسح المزود بوحدة SEM-EDX لفحص عينات من الشبابيك، واستخدام ICP ( (Inductively Coupled plasm لتحليل المياه. وتبين من نتائج الفحص SEM- EDX وجود أملاح الكلوريدات والكبريتات بنسب عالية. وباستخدام Wireless USB Digital Microscope الميكرسكوب المحمول ظهر تراكم الاتسخات بين الزخارف وتدهور بلورات الجبس, أما تحليل المياه باستخدام جهازICP فقد أظهر تركيزات عناصر(Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb, P)، وارتفاع معدلات الفسفور والحديد. {EN} This research presents the state of the Al-Nujomi Cemetery; Which traces its origins back to the Alawite family. This cemetery is located in Aswan. It is called the cemetery of the Egyptian soldiers or the tomb of Toshka, And the construction of the dome as a memorial building was done by order of King Farouk during his reign, but Manama itself and the burial of the martyrs and the battle that took place in (1310 AH) were in this place that Farouk chose to build this building . Despite its location and proximity to the missing obelisk, which is directly behind it? We find that many specialists do not know it, and even the people of Aswan Governorate itself do not know it. It has been neglected for periods, but at the present time it has received attention from the governorate. The research aims to monitor the most important risks to the Dome of Al-Nujumi, including that in the year (2018 AD) fires broke out in the garden of the cemetery due to the failure to remove the weeds for periods. The research also aims to monitor what the place suffers from uncleanness and dumping of waste. Also, the plaster windows in the dome suffer from neglect, which leads to cracking and missing parts. Samples of the plaster nets were examined to identify the condition of the stucco. One of the constant dangers is groundwater, which has been analyzed and its elements identified. For the examinations, methods such as: SEM-EDX and the use of ICP. The results of the SEM-EDX showed high levels of chloride and sulfate salts. using wireless USB digital microscopic accumulation of dirty between gypsum decorations. For water analysis using an ICP device, concentrations of elements such as (Fe, Zn, Cu,Cd, Ni, Pb, P) and high rates of phosphorus, iron and magnesium

Seismic microzoning is the process of mapping out and comprehending the differences in ground motion due to earthquakes in a certain location. Accurate seismic microzoning is vital for the development and safety of buildings and infrastructure in earthquake-prone locations. In this work, we present the application of microtremors, multichannel analysis of surface and machine learning approaches for seismic microzoning at Benban Solar Park in Aswan, Egypt. The findings of the investigation indicated that the ground at Benban Solar Park was generally stiff, with certain regions having stronger stiffness and damping qualities than others. The data also indicated variances in the ground conditions at various sites inside the solar park, with certain regions having a greater risk of ground motion due to earthquakes. Overall, the combination of microtremors, multichannel analysis, and machine learning has shown to be an excellent strategy for correctly and effectively mapping out the ground conditions at Benban Solar Park and assuring the safety and structural integrity of the solar power plants at the park. Moreover, the results of the research could be used to guide the design and construction of the future solar power plants at the park and to examine the safety and structural integrity of the solar park. Furthermore, the application of these techniques not only ensures the safety and structural integrity of the solar power plants at Benban Solar Park, but also promotes sustainable development by providing valuable information for the design and construction of future solar power plants at the park, in line with the principles of environmentally-conscious and responsible development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aswan area in South Egypt experiences continuous seismic activity due to seismogenic active faults, particularly Kalabsha and Seiyal active EW faults. The seismic site characterization is not properly identified, although the presence of high-density distribution of earthquake stations. The present study investigates fourteen earthquake stations of the Egyptian National Seismic Network, as well as six microtremor measurement sites. We analyzed ground motions due to seismogenic active faults recorded at surface from these fourteen earthquake stations. We measured microtremors for up to 120 min with portable seismometers at six sites in the vicinity of the High Dam area. The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios of earthquakes (EHVSR) and microtremors (MHVSR), their plots as a function of frequency and direction of motion, and diffuse field inversion are used in the study. Therefore, we could provide an obvious understanding of the site characterization including resonance frequencies, directional amplifications, and back-calculated subsurface velocity structures at these stations and sites. We found three predominant amplification directions of NS, EW, and NE–SW due to the horizontal components of the seismic waves. These amplification directions are near-transversal ~ transversal to the NS and EW strikes of the active fault system in the study area. In time–frequency analyses of the records, this directionality is observed clearly for S-wave and surface wave time windows. We validated the diffuse field inversion process not only using fitting between observed and inverted EHVSRs and MHVSRs, but also using available geological 2D cross sections and hydrological information in Aswan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundRheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) remains a major cause of valvular heart disease related mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, with significant variation in characteristics and course of the disease across different regions. However, despite the high disease burden, there is sparse region-specific data on demographics, disease characteristics and course in treated and untreated patients to guide policy.MethodsThe ARGI database is a hospital-based registry in a tertiary referral national centre (Aswan Heart Centre, AHC) in which all patients with the diagnosis of RHD are being included. The mode of presentation, including baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics (as well as other imaging modalities), biomarkers and genetics are being documented. Treatment modalities and adherence to treatment is being recorded and patients are followed up regularly every 6 and/or 12 months, or more frequently if needed.DiscussionThis study shows for the first time an in-depth analysis of the severity and phenotype of disease in Egyptian patients presenting with RHD as well as the progression with time and provides a platform for further comparisons of regional differences in these details as well as their causes. The ARGI database will be of help in achieving the objectives of the Cairo Accord aiming at eradication of RF and RHD.

With the fossil fuel crisis, the world has been looking for renewable energies, and the concentrated solar tower (CST) technology has been the best solution in intensive solar areas. This paper introduced a detailed design, construction, and operation of small-scale CST for water heating applications in Aswan. Two heliostats (i.e., 50 × 50 cm2 cross-section area and 1.4 m spacing) redirect the incoming solar radiation into the tower's receiver. The receiver is a 20 × 30 cm2 cross-section area on a 1.0 m tower height and a space of 3.0 m from heliostats. Water flows through a 5.0 cm receiver's passage depth to absorb the reflected energy. This design is obtained from modeling the governing equations of both optical and thermal fields. The designed optical efficiency was ≈85.46% for the optical field, dominated by the Cosine efficiency. As for the thermal field, a detailed 1-D heat transfer mechanism is presented to predict the internal temperature. After construction, an experimental test is done, including temperature measurement of the receiver's outer surface and water inlet/outlet. The result consistently affirmed the mathematical model, revealing the CST's ability. Through the designed flowrate of 10.2 L/h and outlet-inlet temperature differences of ΔT = 19.5 ± 0.4OC, the maximum water temperature of ≈48.5 ± 1.0OC was observed at the daytime of 13:00. The maximum obtained designed efficiency was ≈52%, showing ≈19% reduction in the designed values (i.e., optical efficiency was ≈69.22 ± 8.2%, while receiver efficiency was ≈74.52 ± 5.4%. This work could provide a prototype to the community, promising advanced application of CST technology in the future.

Study region: The Aswan region is a vast plateau in the South of Egypt located 150 m above mean sea level (AMSL). Within this region, the tourist city of Aswan is Egypt’s southernmost city, located on the east bank of the Nile River. Study focus: The occurrence of flash floods can severely impact low-lying and densely populated areas. Therefore, highly vulnerable areas require effective mitigation measures to guarantee public safety and preserve archeological sites of great importance. This study investigates the interaction between the soil, surface water, and groundwater in the Aswan region of Egypt. Based on the rainfall analysis and the watershed hydrology, six different scenarios were run using the MODFLOW and Watershed Modeling System (WMS) software, which simulated rainfall recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. New hydrological insights for the region: The model's results indicated that an increase in the recurrence interval produced a rise in the groundwater level (GWL) up to 8.82 m (AMSL). Therefore, constructing three dams was proposed as a solution at the three basins of Al- Haytah, Al-Kimab, and Umm-Buwayrat. The proposed solution allows the storage of large volumes of water upstream. It mitigates GWL's rise within and near Aswan City. The presented study can be applied to vulnerable watersheds in arid and semi-arid regions. It can help policymakers to integrate additional sustainable solutions into construction dams and their implementation in development plans.

In order to distinguish between shallow earthquakes and quarrying activity, we evaluated 3069 seismic signals from 413 occurrences (112 explosions and 301 shallow earthquakes, depths 5 km), collected by the Aswan seismic sub-network in southern Egypt from 2010 to 2021. The spectral properties and related source parameters (e.g., seismic moment and corner frequency) using the estimated P-wave source spectra for both earthquakes and quarry blasts were investigated. The analysis showed that the P-wave source spectra of shallow earthquakes have higher corner frequencies (8.8–23 Hz) than quarry blasts (1.0–2.6 Hz) within the same magnitude range. The source spectra of quarry blasts exhibited significant misfits with the omega-square model and had steeper falloffs at high frequencies. The selected quarry blasts have a narrow seismic moment range, from 2.03 × 1011 to 1.35 × 1012 Nm. Our results demonstrate that the evaluation of misfit of P-wave spectra from the omega-square source model, based on spectral amplitude characteristics of high- and low-frequency bands, is the most reliable discriminant method in the routine data analysis of the target area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Botany is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Fatimid state was established in Egypt in 969 and lasted until the end of the dynasty in 1171. During the Fatimid rule in Egypt, a large set of monuments were erected. A significant portion of these monuments were shrines dedicated to the descendants of the Prophet Muhammed, especially in Aswan. Groundwater rising, at present, has introduced severe deterioration to the ancient earthen mud-brick architecture of the Fatimid tombs in Aswan city (Egypt). However, monitoring the influence of anthropogenic and environmental aspects on the deterioration issues in Fatimid tombs has not yet been considered. To this end, the scope of this pilot study is to investigate the structural stability and weathering vulnerability of the building materials of mud-brick structures in the Fatimid Cemetery before restoration labor. This was achieved using an integration of remote sensing (Landsat 8 and SRTM-DEM) and hydrogeological datasets in the Geographic Information System (GIS), along with a physicochemical and mineralogical analysis of various materials (the bearing soil, wall plasters, and Muqarnas) from the affected cemeteries. The morphological and mineralogical compositions of the collected samples were analytically examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and CT scan. Moreover, geotechnical studies were conducted for the perched soil water and subsoil, including the analysis of the physiochemical composition and heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of multitemporal analysis of land use/land cover (LULC) changes displayed the growth and appearance of wetlands near the Fatimid tombs area over the last decades, boosting the geo-environmental risks from soil water rising. Furthermore, the detailed analytical investigations of building materials and soil foundations showed that this unique and substantial ancient Islamic archaeological site of Egypt shows weak geotechnical properties, and it is highly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic stressors. This innovative methodology can produce novel recommendations and results to the Ministry of Antiquities in Egypt and the Heritage Commission in Saudi Arabia for the adequate restoration of monuments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal for Tourism, Archeology & Hospitality (IJTAH) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Magazine of Historical Studies & Archaeology is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences (SJAS) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background The geochemical studies on the rare earth elements to demonstrate sources of the toxic metals for soils and Nile sediments for Aswan area are seldom. Results Minerallogically, the studied soil agriculture samples consist mainly of quartz (42%), clay minerals (33%), plagioclase (20%) and magnesin-calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of montmorillonite as bentonite. The studied Nile sediments consist mainly of quartz (75%), clay minerals (15%), plagioclase (5%) and calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of calcian-montmorillonite (10%) and Kaolinite (5%). Geochemically, the chemical analytical techniques of the environment-sensitive elements, including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, U and Th, have been performed for agricultural soils and sediments of Aswan–Luxor District to assess the geochemical characteristics of these elements and their impact on soil environmental and plant, as well as their provenance. Conclusions Average content of Cd was about 1.5-fold for the studied Nile sediments and slightly higher soil agriculture than (MPL). Pb and Cr average contents twofold of (MPL) for Nile sediments and Cr average of soil is represented 2.5-fold of (MPL). The average content of As, Cu, Co, Ni and U in both Nile sediments and cultivated soil in the studied area is lower than the maximum permissible limit (MPL). Average content of Pb, Zn and Cr was about 2, 2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, according to USPHS for the Nile sediments and threefold of Cr for the agriculture soils. The agricultural soil of Luxor–Aswan district is characteristic highly enrichment of As, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, U and Th than those of the Nile sediments. In addition, the Nile sediments have high concentration average of Cr, Zn, Mn and Pb and low contamination of the other elements. The sources of the toxic metals in the studied area may probably be natural or anthropogenic. The anthropogenic source is resulting from paper, Ferrosilicon factories and Phosphate mines at Edfu, as well as Sand quarry, Shale mine and the Nitrogen Fertilizer factory at Aswan. In addition, natural sources such as waste of the drains floods.

This paper studies the groundwater logging problem in the Quaternary aquifer in Aswan city, Upper Egypt. Groundwater levels are already very high in Aswan city, but this has not been exploited, and it causes damage to the environment and infrastructure for roads, building, and templets. Rising groundwater leads to the deterioration and poor quality of agricultural lands. The main objective of this study is to assess and investigate the main reasons for the groundwater logging in the tourist city of Aswan using field investigation during different periods and gain a better understanding of the water dynamics in the study area. This study investigated the surface water levels in the High Dam Lake (HDL), the Kima Lake water levels, the recharge in the fish hatchery, the abstraction well rates in Kima and El-Shalal, and the leakage from the drinking water and wastewater network in Aswan city within the study area using field investigation. The results of this study show that the HDL is one of the most important sources feeding the aquifer in the study area, and it affects the rise and fall of the groundwater levels, but it is not the only factor that affects this problem. Moreover, the rise in the groundwater levels was due to the infiltration from the unlinking fish hatchery, the reduction in abstraction well rates from Kima Lake, the lack of abstraction from El shallal region, the increase in the leakage from drinking water pipelines, sewage networks and septic underground wastewater tanks; these factors are affecting groundwater logging in Aswan city. Potential groundwater level maps for the study area were generated using field data and ArcGIS technique for the years 2010, 2012, 2014, 2017, 2018, and 2020. Based on the results of the potential groundwater maps, the maximum and minimum difference for the groundwater levels in the study area between 2017 and 2012 reached 12.56 m and 0.83 m, respectively; also, between 2018 and 2017, the levels were 4.34 m and 0.25 m, respectively. Moreover, between 2020 and 2018, they were 8 m and 0.38 m, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upper Cretaceous succession from Northeast Aswan-Egypt consists of the Nubia group (Abu Aggag, Timsah, and Umm Barmil formations). This work is aimed at characterization and evaluation of refractory properties of some selected clay deposits in Northeast Aswan, Egypt to ascertain whether its suitability as a refractory material and for relevant application in Egyptian manufacturing industries. The ceramic properties depend on the clay mineral contents and the degree of crystallinity. The chemical and mineralogical composition have indicated that iron and titanium oxides (hematite and anatase) are considered accessory (coloring) minerals. No emissions of HCl and SO2 to the atmosphere were noticed through the treatment process of these clays that indicates it is environmentally safe. The primary physical properties (e.g. apparent porosity, water absorption, apparent specific gravity, and bulk density) were used to evaluate the product quality and to determine the industrial applications of the different refractory products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work deals with the three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the subsurface phosphate ore body at Wadi Ash-Shaghab, East Sibaiya area, Southern Egypt. The construction of lithologic logs of 23 boreholes and 3D modeling in the region, is based on RockWorks2006, Geographic Information System (GIS) and Surfer 9 softwares. The outputs include stratigraphic cross-sections, solid stratigraphic models, stratigraphic Fence diagrams, structural elevation surface diagrams and isopach maps of both phosphate ore body and overburden rocks. The shape, thickness and quality of ore body, together with the overburden rocks have been estimated. The reserve of phosphate ore body at Wadi Ash-Shaghab area is suggested to be about 8673.280 tons, in the study area. However, the subsurface lithostratigraphic correlation in East Sibaiya area showed that the maximum thickness (3 m), of the ore body was found at Wadi El-Batur, Umm Salamah and El Mahamid El-Gedida, whereas the minimum thickness (60 cm–120 cm) was recorded at Umm Tundubah and Umm Hegarah. Moreover, this lithostratigraphic correlation showed that the overburden's thickness increases from east (3.0–7.0 m) towards the west (10–40 m) of the studied area.

Aesthetic differences in mausoleums of the Islamic Necropolis of Aswan basically consist in compositional variations of a fixed number of stereometric elements, with few important exceptions in which the single grammatical element becomes a vehicle for architectural expressiveness. In terms of appropriation and reproduction of an architectural image this is a very interesting marker, which helps us to recognise the prevailing directions and the degrees of fluidity in the transmission of stylistic models. Moreover, this approach can be useful to better define the dating of the artefacts of the Aswan Necropolis, as yet not perfectly identified.

Livestock meat is considered a potential source of human infection, therefore evaluation of the infection rate with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in these animals’ meat is needed for public health protection. Serum and meat samples were collected from slaughtered animals (n=106) (27 sheep, 42 cattle and 37 camels) from slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate, located in southern Egypt. T. gondii infection status was detected by Latex agglutination test (LAT), microscopic examination and PCR. Our results revealed that the overall prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies among serum samples was 48.1 % using LAT. Male sheep, cattle, and camels had a higher positive percentage (42.9 %, 69.4% and 33.3 %, respectively) than females (40 %, 50 % and 30.8 %, respectively). The infection rate of T. gondii was higher in adult sheep and camels, while it was lower in adult cattle (64.5 %) than in young (72.7 %). There was a high statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) between the animal species using LAT. T. gondii trophozoites were detected microscopically in 47.1 % of meat samples, while T. gondii DNA was detected in 56.9 % by using conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (cPCR) based B1 gene. There was no significant difference between the results of both microscopy and PCR methods. In conclusion, PCR outperforms LAT in the detection of T. gondii infection and can thus be applied to routine diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in red meat producing animals.

The Fatimid state was established in Egypt in 969 and lasted until the end of the dynasty in 1171. During the Fatimid rule in Egypt, a large set of monuments were erected. A significant portion of these monuments were shrines dedicated to the descendants of the Prophet Muhammed, especially in Aswan. Groundwater rising, at present, has introduced severe deterioration to the ancient earthen mud-brick architecture of the Fatimid tombs in Aswan city (Egypt). However, monitoring the influence of anthropogenic and environmental aspects on the deterioration issues in Fatimid tombs has not yet been considered. To this end, the scope of this pilot study is to investigate the structural stability and weathering vulnerability of the building materials of mud-brick structures in the Fatimid Cemetery before restoration labor. This was achieved using an integration of remote sensing (Landsat 8 and SRTM-DEM) and hydrogeological datasets in the Geographic Information System (GIS), along with a physicochemical and mineralogical analysis of various materials (the bearing soil, wall plasters, and Muqarnas) from the affected cemeteries. The morphological and mineralogical compositions of the collected samples were analytically examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and CT scan. Moreover, geotechnical studies were conducted for the perched soil water and subsoil, including the analysis of the physiochemical composition and heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results of multitemporal analysis of land use/land cover (LULC) changes displayed the growth and appearance of wetlands near the Fatimid tombs area over the last decades, boosting the geo-environmental risks from soil water rising. Furthermore, the detailed analytical investigations of building materials and soil foundations showed that this unique and substantial ancient Islamic archaeological site of Egypt shows weak geotechnical properties, and it is highly sensitive to natural and anthropogenic stressors. This innovative methodology can produce novel recommendations and results to the Ministry of Antiquities in Egypt and the Heritage Commission in Saudi Arabia for the adequate restoration of monuments.

The research aimed to achieve a set of goals in Aswan Governorate during the study period (2005- 2020), which is to study the economic indicators to classify total agricultural loans, the development and efficiency of agricultural credit for each of the plant production loans, red meat production projects, dairy production projects, the most important determinants of demand on agricultural loans for sugarcane crop, agricultural credit risks and problems and proposed solutions to solve them. The method of descriptive and quantitative analysis was used, and the research relied on published and unpublished secondary data for the economic variables of agricultural loans as well as primary data through a random sample selected in Edfu and Kom Ombo destrict and totaled the number of farmers in the research sample is about 95 farms. The study reached the following results: 1- The annual rate of change of plant loans, investment project loans for red meat production, investment project loans for dairy production, total agricultural loans during the period (2005-2020) amounted to about 0.83, 0.44, 9.34, 1.55%, while the annual average was about 2.65, 2.49, 0.601 million pounds. They represent about 46.16, 43.38 and 10.46 percent of the total agricultural loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about EGP 5.74 million each, respectively. 2- The annual rate of change of plant loans in the destrict of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al Nuba, Daraw during the period (2005-2020) amounted to about 1.54, 0.48, 0.19, 0.76 %, while the annual average amounted to about 910, 896, 468, 376 thousand pounds. They represent about 34.35, 33.8, 17.66, 14.19% of the total plant loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about 2.65 million pounds each, respectively. 3- By studying the economic and credit indicators of plant loans granted to the sugarcane crop in Aswan Governorate during the period (2005-2020) the annual rate of change for each of the variable costs, total costs, the value of the loan granted per feddan, the volume of loans granted to the crop, the percentage of the loan per feddan for variable costs, costs Credit, feddan net return is about 11.21, 11.04, 6.04, 0.83, (-5.23), 6.15, 9.39 %, while the annual average is about 10.07, 13.3, 8.4, (2.6 million), 5.7 thousand pounds for each, respectively, while the costs amounted to about the credit is about 420 pounds, and finally, the ratio of loan coverage for variable costs was about 0.84%, and the return on the invested pound was about 88 %. 4- The annual rate of change of loans for investment projects to produce red meat in the centers of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al Nuba, Daraw during the period (2005-2020) was about 0.39, 0.69, (-0.18), 0.36 %, while the annual average was about 919, (10.02 million). EGP), 305, 247 thousand EGP, representing about 36.89, 40.95, 12.25, 9.91% of the total plant loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about EGP 2.491 million each, respectively . 5- By studying the economic and credit indicators of the value of loans granted to types of fattening livestock for investment projects for the production of red meat (2020-2021), which are Friesian fattening, mixture, and municipal, the coverage ratio of the value of the loan granted to the head reached about 81, 75 and 90% for each of them, respectively, while The net return is about 11.2, 9.6, and 6.7 thousand pounds per head. The return on the invested pound is about 93, 87, and 1.04 % for each, respectively. 6- The annual rate of change of loans for investment projects for dairy production in the destrict of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Nasr Al Nuba and Daraw during the period (2005-2020) was about 8.73, 10.92, 8.16, 10.32 %, while the annual average amounted to 359, 146, 46, 53 thousand pounds, They represent about 59.73, 23.79, 7.65, and 8.81% of the total plant loans in Aswan Governorate, which amount to about 601 thousand pounds and million pounds each, respectively. 7- By studying the economic and credit indicators of the value of loans granted to types of livestock investment projects for dairy production (2020- 2021), which are Friesian cattle, buffalo, local cows and mixture, the coverage ratio of the value of the loan granted to the head reached about 87, 94, and 74% for each of them, respectively, while The net return is about 11.1, 9.95, and 6.6 thousand pounds per head. The return on the invested pound is about 2.7, 2.53, 2.57 % for each, respectively . 8- By studying the factors affecting the demand for loans for the sugarcane crop, it was found that the most important of them are the variable costs, the ratio of the loan coverage to the variable costs, and by using the double logarithmic model, its statistical significance was proven at the 1% probability level during the study period and that these two variables explain about 99% of the changes in the value of feddan loans for the sugarcane crop, and that by increasing the variable costs, and the coverage ratio by 10%, this leads to an increase in the demand for loans for the sugarcane crop by about 100.1%, 100.2% for each, respectively, while it was found from the results of the statistical estimation of the linear model that there was a direct statistically significant relationship between the costs changing Q1, the proportion of the loan to cover the costs of changing Q2 and that these two variables explain about 95.7% of the changes in the value of feddan loans for crop reeds noted that such an increase of variable costs, the proportion of the loan to cover the costs of changing one unit leads to increased demand for loans by about 0.565, 3102.72 units on the arrangement, as it was found that there is a statistically insignificant negative relationship between the demand for loans and credit costs, meaning an increase in credit costs by one unit that leads to Demand for loans decreased by 0.16 units . 9- By studying the economic and credit problems facing farmers in Aswan Governorate, it was found that the most important of them is the necessity of having agricultural tenure as a basic condition and guarantee for obtaining the loan, not disbursing loans in kind and only cash disbursement, not disbursing loans until after paying the previous and due loans, requesting Inquiries were made with the Central Bank about the loan holder, the complexity of the conditions and procedures for obtaining the loan and the large number of guarantees, the insufficient amount of the loan for the productive activity to be used, and it was found that the most important proposed solutions are to extend the loan collection period without attaching delay penalties or increasing the interest rate and giving a deadline to the farmer those in default of payments, taking into account the compatibility of loan repayment dates with the dates of harvesting crops and marketing products, providing and disbursing inkind loans such as fertilizers, seeds and pesticides to ensure their quality and adequacy, adjusting the value of the loan annually for each productive activity in balance with the annual inflation rate and the high prices of production requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydatidosis is an infection caused by the cystic larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. This disease is a zoonotic disease has a worldwide distribution and common in developing and undeveloped countries. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to studying the infection rate and predilection seats of hydatid cyst affections among slaughtered food animals in Aswan Governorate, southern Egypt and study the effect of age and sex of infected slaughtered animals on the infection with hydatid cyst. Also, study the effect of seasonal variations in the infection with hydatid cyst among slaughtered animals. In addition, the macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, scanning electron microscopy and histopathological studies for the collected hydatid cyst are examined. Methods: This investigation was carried out from August 2015 to July 2016 in two main slaughterhouses in Aswan Governorate to study the hydatidosis in camels and sheep. By routine meat inspection, hydatid cyst count and characterization was conducted. Findings: A total of 2080 camels and 674 sheep were examined. Of these, 173 (8.32%) camels and 3 (0.45%) sheep were found to harbour one or more hydatid cysts. Female and older age slaughtered animals were more susceptible to infection with these metacestode than males and younger animals. Hydatid cyst infection in slaughtered animals is most commonly found in lung followed by liver while mixed infection in both lung and liver was found only in camel. Hydatid cyst in slaughtered camels was higher in autumn followed by winter, while hydatid cyst in slaughtered sheep was found only in autumn season. Fertile cysts in lung and liver of slaughtered camels was 83.4% and 30% respectively. While the fertility of hydatid cyst in infected lung and liver of sheep was 100%. Main conclusions: This study reported that slaughtered animals were infected with relatively high infection rate of hydatid cyst may be due to the presence of socio-economic conditions favourable for the disease and maintenance of high level of infection. So must design governmental control programs against hydatidosis to minimize the infection rate in Aswan Governorate and ensure effective protection not only for animal population but also for humans at risk of contracting the infection.

Background: The geochemical studies on the rare earth elements to demonstrate sources of the toxic metals for soils and Nile sediments for Aswan area are seldom. Results: Minerallogically, the studied soil agriculture samples consist mainly of quartz (42%), clay minerals (33%), plagioclase (20%) and magnesin-calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of montmorillonite as bentonite. The studied Nile sediments consist mainly of quartz (75%), clay minerals (15%), plagioclase (5%) and calcite (5%). Clay minerals are composed of calcian-montmorillonite (10%) and Kaolinite (5%). Geochemically, the chemical analytical techniques of the environment-sensitive elements, including Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, U and Th, have been performed for agricultural soils and sediments of Aswan–Luxor District to assess the geochemical characteristics of these elements and their impact on soil environmental and plant, as well as their provenance. Conclusions: Average content of Cd was about 1.5-fold for the studied Nile sediments and slightly higher soil agriculture than (MPL). Pb and Cr average contents twofold of (MPL) for Nile sediments and Cr average of soil is represented 2.5-fold of (MPL). The average content of As, Cu, Co, Ni and U in both Nile sediments and cultivated soil in the studied area is lower than the maximum permissible limit (MPL). Average content of Pb, Zn and Cr was about 2, 2- and 2.5-fold, respectively, according to USPHS for the Nile sediments and threefold of Cr for the agriculture soils. The agricultural soil of Luxor–Aswan district is characteristic highly enrichment of As, Co, Zn, Cu, Ni, Mn, U and Th than those of the Nile sediments. In addition, the Nile sediments have high concentration average of Cr, Zn, Mn and Pb and low contamination of the other elements. The sources of the toxic metals in the studied area may probably be natural or anthropogenic. The anthropogenic source is resulting from paper, Ferrosilicon factories and Phosphate mines at Edfu, as well as Sand quarry, Shale mine and the Nitrogen Fertilizer factory at Aswan. In addition, natural sources such as waste of the drains floods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Médiévales is the property of Presses Universitaires de Vincennes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This field report covers the work of the Egypt Exploration Society and Macquarie University Joint Mission during the period of 2018 and 2019 at Qubbet el-Hawa (third to fifth field seasons). Excavations focused on the infrastructure of the Lower Necropolis (Sites B and C) and the discovery of the causeway of Tomb QH90 (Site E). A detailed analysis of the pottery found and archaeometrical results complement the report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural Tourism offers a strong motivation to preserve the elements of cultural heritage in tourist destinations. It helps to preserve cultural elements as important tourist attractions. Cultural tourism's notion is unlimited to visiting monumental attractions only, but it has also become an interactive experience with the social fabric of the community through attending exhibitions, festivals and events, and the purchase of traditional local products. Thus, the human capital factor in tourism is linked to the quality of tourism products. With the growth of international tourism, the importance of sustainable tourism development has emerged to protect natural, cultural, and human resources, in addition to achieving economic development. As non-sustainable tourism development has led to the deterioration of tourism resources. This research paper examines if cultural tourism contributes to decrease tourism seasonality and achieve sustainable tourism development in cultural heritage sites. A case study of Aswan was selected. Aswan has unique and important elements of cultural heritage (Tangible and Intangible), but it still faces many problems like tourism seasonality, besides its tourism is still weak compared with other cities that have the same tourism potential. Based on a literature review and analytical study of global examples that achieved sustainability in cultural heritage sites, a field study of Aswan was conducted to evaluate the current status of cultural tourism, besides illustrating the challenges of achieving sustainability. The major result that has emerged from the study is paying attention to cultural tourism is the possible solution to the challenges that Aswan tourism faces. Finally, the paper concluded that investment in human capital creates opportunities for cultural tourism which in return resolves one of tourism's major challenges: seasonality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document Granite quarries in Aswan, south of Egypt, have many rock paintings and engravings. This rock art in Aswan's granite quarries is exposed to many weathering factors that threaten its survival. To protect these arts, the research focused on a comparative study to evaluate the application of certain reinforcing materials such as Paraloid B44, Paraloid B48, Estel 1000 and SILRES® BS OH 100 to strengthen crumbling rock. Examination and analysis methods such as polarized microscopy (PM), scanning electron microscopy and analysis with energy-dispersed X-ray unit (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) have been used to determine the chemical and mineral composition of the rock and the degradation and damage to rocky art. These treatments were evaluated after artificial aging by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that treatment with Estel 1000 is suitable for studied rock paintings and engravings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]