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The absorption of the minerals produced by the probiotics in ruminants is expected to improve the absorption of the required nutrients. The study used different dietary rations with different percentage of concentrates: forages, different selenium doses, different locations and different strains of lactic acid bacteria as probiotics. The trials were performed with three repetitions using a factorial block (2x2x3x4). Samples were incubated for 48 h using in vitro incubation system. The parameters were pH, the kinetics of gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and NH3-N concentration. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA, followed by the Duncan test. The results showed altered fermentation characteristics, while BioNano-Se at 25 ppm has significantly increased the rumen pH, gas production rate, IVDMD, IVOMD and decreased the total gas production significantly, but did not affect the ammonia concentration. High concentrate rations (R1) produces significantly lower pH (P < 0.05), but higher gas production rate and digestibility (P < 0.05). Higher dose of BioNano-Se significantly decreased gas production rate and ammonia production (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BioNano-Se and probiotics can alter rumen fermentation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of L. plantarumU40 quantified with realtime PCR during in vitro rumen fermentation. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were control, rumen fermentation inoculated with L. plantarumU40and L. plantarumU40 + glucose solution. Population of L. plantarum U40 was higher at inoculation treatment. After 8 hours incubation, glucose addition tended to decrease L. plantarum U40 population. Control treatment showed lowest population of L. plantarum U40 along in vitro fermentation compared with other treatment. Inoculation of L. plantarumU40 significantly (p<0.05) increased population of LAB until 12 hours incubation compared with control. Control treatment had highest pH at all incubation time. Glucose addition significantly (P<0.05) decreased final rumen pH (24 hours) (6.30), compared with control treatment (6.85). Inoculation of L. plantarum U40 with glucose addition significantly (P<0.05)increased propionic acid, decreased acetic acid and A/P ratio compared with other treatments. Lactobacillus plantarum U40 without glucose addition did not affect propionic acid production significantly. As conclusion, Lactobacillus plantarum U40 can survive in rumen fluid and changes rumen fermentation when glucose is added as carbon source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluate the quality of vegetable waste silages, using rice bran, onggok (cassava flour waste) and pollard as carbohydrate sources. Vegetable waste was collected from local traditional market, consisted of corn husk, chinese cabbage and cabbage. Research was held in randomized block design consisted of six treatments with 3 replications. Treatments were (T1) vegetable waste + rice bran, (T2) vegetable waste + rice bran + rice straw, (T3) vegetable waste + onggok, (T4) vegetable waste + onggok + rice straw, (T5) vegetable waste + pollard, (T6) vegetable waste + pollard + rice straw. Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 was used as innoculant. The quality of silages was evaluated by measuring pH, temperature, population of lactic acid bacteria and lactic acid production. Nutrient characteristic was determined by proximate and fiber analysis. Results showed that pH of silages were not affected by treatments, but silage treated with rice bran, with or without rice straw addition, had higher temperature compared with others (29 °C or 28.3 °C). The highest population of lactic acid bacteria (1.65 × 109 cfu/g) was found in silage using rice straw and onggok (T4), but the highest lactic acid production (0.41%) was measured in silage using rice straw and rice bran (T2). In general, the use of rice bran as carbohydrate sources gave the highest lactic acid production followed by pollard and onggok. Different carbohydrate source gave different nutrients characteristic. Although the result was not significantly different, silage with highest protein content was measured in silage with pollard as carbohydrate source, followed with rice bran and onggok. The result showed that all carbohydrate sources used in this experiment can be used as silage ingredient resulting in good vegetable waste silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]