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Pangasius (P. hypophthalmus) is one of the freshwater commodities of an important economic value. The pH on fertilization media can influence fertilization and affect sex determination (Sandra and Norma, 2009). Sexing with Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation (PDGC) method can separate X and Y spermatozoa based on their size (Rustidja, 1999). The study analyzed the results of X and Y spermatozoa sexing on Pangasius using the PDGC method and specified the ability of pH in influencing X and Y spermatozoa in the fertilization process. The results showed that, at stage 1, the spermatozoa head on the top layer (La) was larger than that on the bottom layer. The spermatozoa head length (HL) on the top layer was 2.59 ± 0.19 μm with a wide length (WL) of 1.62 ± 0.11 μm. Meanwhile, on the bottom layer, the HL was 2.27 ± 0.12 μm with a WL of 1.44 ± 0.07 μm. Therefore, the top layer was identified as X (female) and the bottom layer as Y (male). The average value of spermatozoa concentration after PDGC at the top layer was 7.11 ± 1.743 x 107 cells/mL and at the bottom layer was 3.57 ± 1.075 x 107 cells/mL. The average value of motility at the top layer was 61.67 ± 7.637% and at the bottom layer was 46.67 ± 5.773%, and the average value of viability at the top layer was 61.04 ± 7.27% and at the bottom layer was 55.17 ± 2.53%. This study revealed that the effect of pH on the fertilization rate (FR) with Y control spermatozoa was -177.8 + 68.377 x -4.234 x2, R² = 0.603. The finding confirmed that the best treatment for this control was pH 8.07 and FR 98.27%. The assessment on Y top layer spermatozoa resulted in of -100.27 + 40.836 x – 2.568 x2, R² 0.637. The finding showed that the best treatment for the top layer spermatozoa was pH 7.95 and FR 62.07%. The examination on Y bottom layer spermatozoa generated an equation of -32.195 + 22.746 x -1.4619 x2, R² = 0.523. It can be said that the best treatment in the bottom layer was pH 7.78 and FR 56.28%. However, the hatching rate (HR) to pH treatment on each treatment did not show significant differences (P >0.05). To sum up, the PDGC method on Pangasius spermatozoa could separate the spermatozoa based on the top and bottom layer size. The PDGC method could produce female seeds on the top layer by 85% and male seeds on the bottom layer by 68%.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian tepung kulit buah naga tanpa atau terfermentasidalam ransum terhadap performans ayam broiler. Rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 7 perlakuan dan 3ulangan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian menggunakan ayam broiler jantan umur dua minggu sebanyak84 ekor. Perlakuan adalah ransum tanpa menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga (kontrol atau P0), ransum denganmenggunakan tepung kulit buah naga 2% (P1), ransum dengan menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga terfermentasi2% (P2), ransum dengan menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga 4% (P3), ransum dengan menggunakan tepungkulit buah naga terfermentasi 4% (P4), ransum dengan menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga 6% (P5), ransumdengan menggunakan tepung kulit buah naga terfermentasi 6% (P6). Peubah yang diamati konsumsi pakan,pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, mortalitas dan persentase bagian-bagian karkas. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan ransum mendapat tepung kulit buah naga tanpa dan dengan terfermentasi berbeda tidak nyata(P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan dan mortalitas. Sama halnyadengan persentase bagian-bagian karkas ayam broiler yang meliputi persentase dada, persentase sayap, persentasepaha, dan persentase punggung menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05). Pemberian tepung kulitbuah naga tanpa dan dengan terfermentasi sampai level 6% dapat diberikan pada ternak ayam broiler.

This study aimed to clarify the implications of Nursing Clinical Practice (PLKK) to the spiritual health of STIKES Bali students. This study employed purposive sampling method to determine the number of respondents. To conduct this study, the fourth grade of nursing students were recruited as the sample with total number 136 respondents. A questionnaire about spirituality from World Health Organization (WHO) was used in this study as the instrument. In addition, the data were analysed by using quantitative descriptive technique. The result showed that 50.0% of students had a very good spiritual health, 42.6% had good spiritual health, 6.6% had moderate spiritual health, and 0.7 % had poor spiritual health. It can be interpreted that spiritual health of nursing students of STIKES Bali is good after conducting Nursing Clinical Practice. Thus, this study can be concluded that Nursing Clinical Practice has implication to the ability of students to love themselves and others meaningfully as the evidence of students’ spiritual health.

All citizens have the right to information about all state policies. Transparency is a mandatory thing that must be provided to the public, especially document information that regulates people's lives in general so that good governance can be realized. This study aims to analyze aspects of transparency in archive management at the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion of South Sulawesi Province. This study uses qualitative methods with data sources from interviews with informants. Data analysis used an interactive analysis model. This study found that the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia has provided the SRI KANDI (Integrated Dynamic Archival Information System) application to realize transparent governance. However, the office of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia, South Sulawesi Province, is still unprepared to provide access to archives for those in need due to the lack of human resources who master the application. Therefore, competent human resources are needed in the field of archives as special operators who handle archives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic peripheral neuropathic pain therapy currently focuses on modulating neuroinflammatory conditions. Methylcobalamin (MeCbl), a neuroregenerative agent, modulates neuroinflammation. This review aimed to explore the molecular pharmacology action of MeCbl as a chronic peripheral neuropathic pain therapeutic agent. MeCbl plays a role in various cellular processes and may have therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. Intracellular MeCbl modulates inflammation by regulating the activity of T lymphocytes and natural killer cells as well as secretion of inflammatory cytokines, namely, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, epidermal growth factor, and neuronal growth factor. MeCbl can reduce pain symptoms in chronic neuropathic pain conditions by decreasing excitation and hyperpolarization-induced ion channel activity in medium-sized dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the expression of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8, phosphorylated p38MAPK, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V members 1 and 4 in the DRG, and the voltage-gated sodium channel in axons.

Cases of severe bilateral Tessier 4 cleft with unilateral Tessier 3 cleft and additional involvement of the amniotic band syndrome are rarer. This case reports a very rare case of ABS with severe facial cleft. Postoperative progress was satisfactory and the patient achieved functional recovery. The patient underwent several miner reconstructive surgeries and appropriate surgical treatment is necessary to restore the patient's social life.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the diagnostic performance of miRNA-21 to differentiate between Prostate Cancer (PCa) and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) patients in Indonesia., Methods: Urine samples were collected from each PCa and BPH patient. miRNA-21 relative expression against the reference gene was analyzed and compared between the two. miRNA expression was then analyzed using the comparative quantification method to find the fold change. miR-21 validity in identifying PCa patients was performed by quantifying the sensitivity and specificity using samples in this study., Result: The results of this study indicated that miRNA-21 relative expression against miRNA-16 in PCa and BPH showed 12.95 differences in fold change. Moreover, using prostate biopsy as the gold standard to differentiate PCa and BPH, miRNA-21 Cq expression has 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity in differentiating the two., Conclusion: miRNA-21 relative expression can be used to discriminate PCa from BPH by using a urine sample. Furthermore, the expression of miR-21 has higher sensitivity than PSA; therefore, miR-21 has a high potential to be analyzed and developed further for clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic cancer in Southeast Asia with a relatively poor prognosis. Chemoradiotherapy is a primary treatment that advantages certain patients, particularly in the early stages. New predictive and prognostic biomarkers are required to guide and select the best treatment., Aims: To evaluate the circulation expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with responses to chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma., Methods: Peripheral blood from 17 patients was collected before and after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Differential expression circulating miRNAs were analyzed using microRNA Cancer Panels and were compared among patients with complete responses. Differential expression analysis using GenEx 7 Multid, statistic represented by GraphPad Prism 9. Alterations mechanism signaling pathways and biological function using IPA (Ingenuity Pathways Analysis)., Results: Using microRNAs Cancer Plate consisting of 116 miRNAs, we identified ten circulating miRNAs that were differentially expressed in NPC patients after chemoradiotherapy. Unsupervised clustering and confirmation using qRT-PCR showed that miR-483-5p, miR-584-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-150-5p were overexpressed and miRNA are miR-421, miR-133a-3p, miR-18a-5p, miR-106b-3p, miR-339-5p were significantly downregulated after chemoradiotherapy (p < 0.0001). In addition, ROC analysis through AUC (Area Under Curve) with 99% confidence interval (CI) p value < 0.0001. Gene enrichment analysis of microRNAs and the targeted proteins revealed that the main involved pathways for chemoradiotherapy in NPC were cell death and survival signaling pathways., Conclusion: qPCR profiling in circulating blood compared before and after chemoradiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma can identify pathways involved in treatment responses. miR-483-5p, miR-584-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-7-5p, miR-150-5p, miR-421, miR-133a-3p, miR-18a-5p, miR-106b-3p, miR-339-5p are differentially regulated after chemoradiotherapy in NPC., Competing Interests: The authors state that there is no conflict of interest in this study., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Background: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is the most prevalent etiology of cervical cancer in Indonesian women. The L2 minor capsid protein has considerable potential as a broad-protective antigen target of the cervical cancer vaccine strategies, yet the data on L2 gene variation is still minimal. In this research, we determined the variations of the HPV16 L2 gene sequences in Indonesian cervical cancer specimens., Methods: We cross-sectionally observed 23 DNA isolates of HPV16 positive cervical cancer specimens stored in the laboratory of the Center for Diagnostic and Research on Infectious Diseases (PDRPI Lab), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia. We detected and amplified the HPV16 L2 gene sequences in the samples, followed by sequencing, DNA alignment, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis, and phylogenetic tree reconstruction., Results: As many as 35 SNPs were found, consist of 18 synonymous SNPs (sSNPs) and 17 non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs). Amino acid variations were mostly detected at S269P (100%) and L330F (43.48%) with no variation in the immuno-protective region near L2 N-terminus. A total of 5 HPV16 phylogenetic sub-lineages were found closely related to A1 (n=5), A2 (n=12), A3 (n=2), A4 (n=3), and C (n=1)., Conclusion: The variations of HPV16 L2 gene sequences are mainly located in the central region of the L2 sequences, and the cross-protective region near the L2 N-terminus is remarkably conserved. This study should enhance the information about HPV16 L2 gene variation in Indonesia.

This study evaluated differences in the clinical appearance of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on plasma level and regulation of microRNAs (miRNA-29c, miRNA-21, and miRNA-155). The observational-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 36 HCC patients and 36 healthy controls. The blood samples were collected from 2 Province Hospitals (Dr. Sardjito Hospital and Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital) for HCC and the Blood Bank Donor of the Indonesian Red Cross for 36 healthy controls. These blood samples were treated as follows: plasma isolation, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, quantification by qRT-PCR using a sequence-specific forward primer, and normalization of miRNA using housekeeping-stably miRNA-16. There were only 27 HCC patients with complete clinical variables (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet count, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cholinesterase (ChE)) that were able to analyses for regulation miRNAs based on its fold change expression miRNA target. All 27 HCC subjects were follow-up until 3-years of monitoring for their overall survival. The miRNA plasma expression was analyzed by Bio-Rad CFX 96 Manager software to determine the cycle of quantification, followed by the calculation of expression levels using Livak's methods. Data were analyzed using STATA 11.0, with a significant value of p<0.05. The miRNAs expression of HCC subjects were lower than that healthy control subjects in miRNA-29c (down-regulation 1.83-fold), higher than that healthy control subjects in miRNA 21 and miRNA-155 (up-regulation, 1.74-fold; 1.55-fold) respectively. NLR, CRP, ChE, and platelet count showed a significant difference in miRNA-29c regulation, though neutrophil count showed a significant difference in miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 regulation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plasma biomarkers: miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 might be potential biomarkers as onco-miR in HCC subjects, while miRNA-29c might act as a tumor suppressor. Significant evidence was identified with clinical progression based on the regulation of miRNAs, which was consistent with miRNA -29c., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short-sequence RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Recent studies reveal that miRNA-324-5p plays an important role in worsening the ovarian cancer prognosis when the expression is very high. This study aimed to develop a miRNA targeted therapy by targeting the miRNA-324-5p function as a miRNA-324-5p inhibitor. Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles were used for antimiRNA-324-5p delivery into SKOV3 cell lines formulated by ionic gelation method. Antiproliferative effect of CS-NPs-antimiRNA was assessed by the MTT Assay. A mechanism study assessed the anticancer effect of the formula. In silico analysis used miRTar.Human and StarmiRDB combined with Genecard to predict the target genes of antimiR. Hawkdock web server was used to analyze protein-protein interactions that were further validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The results of qPCR analysis showed endogenous miRNA-324-5p decreased after 24-hour transfection of antagonist miRNA. Furthermore, the MTT assay results showed that antimiRNA was able to inhibit SKOV3 cell proliferation (80 nM 68.13%, P < 0.05). In silico analysis found miRNA-324-5p can regulate MEN1 and indirectly repress Gli1 mRNA. Validation results confirmed antimiR can decrease GLI1 mRNA expression. Conclusion: Our results showed antimiRNA-324-5p can act as a microRNA-based therapy to inhibit ovarian cancer proliferation by the reduction of GLI1 expression.

Introduction: The current incidence of the novel coronavirus disease has shown only small reductions of cases and has become a major public health challenge. Development of effective vaccines against the virus is still being encouraged such as multi-epitope vaccines designed from the components of SARS-CoV-2 including its spike, nucleocapsid and ORF1a proteins. Since the addition of adjuvants including HABA protein and L7/L12 ribosomal are considered helpful to increase the effectiveness of the designed vaccine, we proposed to design multiepitope vaccines by two different adjuvants. Methods: We used the IEDB server to predict BCL and TCL epitopes that were characterized using online tools including VaxiJen, AllPred and IL-10 Prediction. The selected epitopes were further constructed into multiepitope vaccines. We also added two different adjuvants to the vaccine components in order to increase the effectiveness of the vaccines. The 3D-structured vaccines were built using trRosetta. They were further docked with different Toll-like-receptors (TLR 3, 4 and 8) and the entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 using ClusPro, PatchDock and refined by FireDock. All structures were visualized by USCF Chimera and PyMOL. Results: In this study, we succeeded in designing two different candidate vaccines by the addition of HABA protein and L7/L12 ribosomal as adjuvants. The two vaccines were almost equally good in terms of their physicochemical properties and characteristics. Likewise, their strong interactions with TLR3 4, 8 and ACE2 show the lowest energy level of both was estimated at more than -1,000. Interactions of vaccines with ACE2 and TLRs are essential for activation of immune responses and production of antibodies. Conclusion: The two designed and constructed multiepitope vaccine have good characteristics and may have the potential to activate humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Further research is worth considering to confirm the findings of this study., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as a pandemic in March 2020, and more than 117 million people worldwide have been confirmed to have been infected. Scientists, medical professionals, and other stakeholders are racing against time to find and develop effective medicines for COVID-19. However, no drug with high efficacy to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection has been approved. With the increasing popularity of gene therapy, scientists have explored the utilization of small RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) as therapeutics. miRNAs are non-coding RNAs with high affinity for the 3'-UTRs of targeted messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Interactions between host cells and viral genomes may induce the upregulation or downregulation of various miRNAs. Therefore, understanding the expression patterns of these miRNAs and their functions will provide insights into potential miRNA-based therapies. This review systematically summarizes the potential targets of miRNA-based therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection and examines the viability of possible transfection methods., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (© 2021 Xi'an Jiaotong University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.)

Objective: Investigate the effect of SDF1a, nuclear, and cytoplasmic CXCR4 breast cancer tissue on metastasis and overall survival in patients with complete-chemotherapy and no-chemotherapy., Methods: Cohort ambidirectional design was employed with survival analysis that followed the patient's diagnosis until obtaining the outcome, distant metastasis, or death. We analyzed samples in three groups (all-patient, no-chemotherapy, and complete-chemotherapy groups).  Breast cancer cell nuclear and cytoplasm expressions of CXCR4 protein were examined using immunohistochemistry. Amplification of mRNA SDF1a of breast cancer tissue was examined using rtPCR on 131 samples from the same initial paraffin block., Results: In the distant metastasis and Overall Survival (OS) analysis, there was no correlation between cytoplasmic and nuclear CXCR4 in all-patient, no-chemotherapy, and complete-chemotherapy groups. SDF1a was significantly correlated to shorter distant metastasis and poor OS in the all-patient (p=0.004 and p=0.04, respectively) and no-chemotherapy group (p=0.008 and p=0.026, respectively). However, in the complete-chemotherapy group, SDF1a was not correlated to either metastasis (p=0.527) or OS (p=0.993), advanced stage demonstrated a strong association on shorter distant metastatic in no-chemotherapy (p=0.021) and complete-chemotherapy group (p=0.004) and also poor OS in both groups (p=0.006 and p=0.002, respectively). The hormone receptor showed a protective effect on the no-chemotherapy group's OS (p= 0.019). Meanwhile, not undergoing chemotherapy was associated with poor OS in the all-patient group (p= 0.011)., Conclusion: SDF1a mRNA amplification has a significant correlation with the occurrence of metastasis and OS in all-patient and no-chemotherapy group. Undergoing chemotherapy negates the effect of SDF1a for distant metastasis and OS.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the potential of hsa-mir-106b-5p as a new liquid biomarker for prostate cancer sufferers in Indonesia., Methods: Analysis of hsa-mir-106b-5p expression of two tissue samples from BPH patients and two PCa patients used NanoString nCounter Expression Assay then validated by qRT-PCR using 10 patient urine samples for prostate cancer and BPH. Furthermore, analysis of the role of hsa-mir-106b-5p in prostate cancer was carried out bioinformatically., Results: The results of this study indicated that the expression of hsa-mir-106b-5p in prostate cancer tissue was 1.23 times higher than that of BPH and urine of Indonesian patients (1.72 times). Moreover, this miRNA was upregulated in prostate cancer cells compared to normal cells 1.37 times. The hsa-mir-106b-5p appeared to be involved in the development of prostate cancer through the binding of genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways and tumor suppressor genes., Conclusion: hsa-mir-106b-5p could modulate prostate cancer by interfering with the endoplasmic reticulum stress repair pathways and decreasing the expression of tumor suppressor genes involved in many biological processes. These updates our understanding of the role of hsa-mir-106b-5p in cancer and its potential as a candidate of a biomarker for clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.