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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-sat-10.1177_11782218221075058 for Results of a Hepatitis C Micro-Elimination Program in Two Addiction Centers Among Subjects With Substance Use Disorder by Pablo Vega-Astudillo, Ignacio Basurte-Villamor, In��s De Ema L��pez, Ruth Olmos Espinos, Beatriz Mes��as-P��rez and Nestor Szerman in Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment

This report analyzes the start-up ecosystem in Tokyo and the greater surrounding area in Japan in the transition of the innovation model to a hybrid of traditional public sector-university-corporation research and development (R and D) combined with start-up agile innovation. It first introduces the role of a start-up ecosystem in contributing to the development of global cities, and thus to the wider national economy. It then takes a country-level view of Japan’s innovation system, within which the metropolitan region operates, in the transition to the innovation-start-up ecosystem. This description is followed by an analysis of the specifics of the Tokyo start-up ecosystem - which consists of investment, support infrastructure, and skills infrastructure - factors that merit close inspection and deep analytics. And finally, the report ends with conclusions - what can be done better or differently to exploit opportunities within Tokyo - but also wider lessons for other global cities.

Resumen: En los colegios católicos de élite, la educación sexual intenta regular la intimidad y el carácter personal, para así dar forma a un individuo capaz de orientarse a sí mismo y su sexualidad hacia un fin determinado. En el presente artículo examinaremos el resultado de una investigación cualitativa desarrollada en 16 establecimientos católicos de la ciudad de Santiago. A partir de 53 entrevistas a orientadores y psicólogos a cargo de la educación sexual, dos grupos focales que convocaron a 23 adolescentes de dichos colegios y observaciones etnográficas en distintas actividades de formación de tales establecimientos, se propone un nuevo análisis de la noción de inclusión, centrado no en la orientación sexual de los sujetos -como las escuelas la suelen representar-, sino en la construcción de la alteridad que cada currículo conlleva. Como resultado de esta investigación, se evidencia la dificultad para comprender los límites que la experiencia subjetiva impone a la discusión moral sobre sexualidad. En estas escuelas católicas las formas de inclusión siguen estando confinadas a compartir una misma posición socioeconómica, sin comprender como persisten ciertas alteridades invisibles cuya inclusión probablemente evidenciaría el carácter contingente de la educación sexual. Abstract: In elitist Catholic schools, sex education attempts to regulate intimacy and personal character, in order to shape an individual capable of guiding himself and his sexuality towards an ethical project. In this article, we will examine the result of a qualitative research carried out in 16 Catholic establishments in the city of Santiago. From 53 interviews with counselors and psychologists in charge of sexual education, two focus groups that convened 23 adolescents from these schools and ethnographic observations in different training activities of such establishments, a new analysis of the notion of inclusion is proposed. In this case, we are not focused on the sexual orientation of the subjects - as schools usually do, representing the idea of sexual diversity- but instead, we will observe the construction of the otherness associated to sexual education. As a result, the limits that subjective experience imposes on moral discussion about sexuality become evident. In these schools, “diversity” is still confined to share the same socioeconomic position. The inclusion of certain invisible alterities would probably evidence the contingent nature of sex education.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el daño genotóxico en población expuesta a altas concentraciones de material particulado MP 2,5 mediante ensayo de micronúcleos en el Suroeste de la ciudad de Cuenca - Ecuador. En el estudio participaron 70 donantes quienes residen o laboran en zona Suroeste de la ciudad de Cuenca y están expuestos a altas y bajas concentraciones de MP 2,5. Mediante el ensayo de micronúcleos y el resto de las anomalías nucleares en células del epitelio bucal se determinó la frecuencia de estos en 1000 células. Se realizó la estadística descriptiva para cada grupo y el análisis de las pruebas no paramétricas mediante la prueba t – Student utilizando el software estadístico Graphpad Prism 5. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron daño genotóxico asociado a la exposición a altas concentraciones de MP 2,5 en la zona Suroeste de la ciudad de Cuenca, lo que representa un alto riesgo de padecer enfermedades. Se concluye que los donantes expuestos altas concentraciones de MP 2,5 muestran un daño genotóxico evidente. Estos resultados con de gran relevancia en la determinación de futuros estudios. The present study aims to determine the damage genotoxic population exposed to high concentrations of material in particulate PM 2,5 using micronucleus test in the southwest of the city of Cuenca - Ecuador. The study involved 70 donors who reside or work in the area southwest of the city of Cuenca and are exposed to high and low concentrations of PM 2,5. Using the micronucleus test and the rest of the nuclear anomalies in buccal epithelial cells was determined the frequency of these 1000 cells. The descriptive statistics analysis for each group and analysis of the nonparametric tests using the test t - student using the statistical software Graphpad prism 5. The results showed genotoxic damage associated with exposure to high concentrations of PM 2,5 in the area southwest of the city of Cuenca, which represents a high risk of disease. In conclusion that exposed donors high concentrations of MP 2,5 are clearly genotoxic damage. These results with highly relevant in the determination of future studies.

Purpose : Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capability to differentiate down adipocyte, osteocyte and chondrocyte lineages and as such offer a range of potential therapeutic applications. The composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment that surrounds cells dictates their transcriptional programme, thereby affecting stem cell lineage decision-making. Cells sense force via linkages between themselves and their microenvironment, and this is transmitted by integrin receptors and associated adhesion signalling complexes. To identify regulators of MSC force-sensing, we sought to catalogue MSC integrin-associated adhesion complex composition. Experimental design : Adhesion complexes formed by MSCs plated on the ECM ligand fibronectin were isolated and characterised by mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were interrogated by comparison to a literature-based reference set of cell adhesion-related components and using ontological and protein-protein interaction network analyses. Results : Adhesion complex-specific proteins in MSCs were identified that consisted predominantly of cell adhesion-related adaptors and actin cytoskeleton regulators. Furthermore, LIM domain-containing proteins in MSC adhesion complexes were highlighted, which may act as force-sensing components. Conclusions and clinical relevance : These data provide a valuable resource of information regarding the molecular connections that link integrins and adhesion signalling in MSCs, and as such may present novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

This research project attempts to analyse the theoretical concepts of the Sumak Kawsay from an economic development perspective in order to understand whether Sumak Kawsay could be considered a new paradigm to understand environment and development. The Sumak Kawsay is the development objective of the Ecuadorian constitution; however this concept is an indigenous ideal that lacks a robust theoretical framework. This research aims to provide a theoretical basis for the future development of Sumak Kawsay’s theoretical framework based on its indigenous conceptual roots, and mainly on the Ecuadorian government’s interpretation of the Sumak Kawsay. There were three main findings that arose during this research: First, there are two common but differentiated approaches towards the SK, the indigenous ideal of the SK and the pragmatic view of the Ecuadorian government. Second, according to the indigenous view the SK provides an epistemological view that challenges the traditional economic development theories and it sees environment and society as a holistic unit. Third, according to the Ecuadorian government’s view the SK is a mix of existent development theories that in some cases challenge the previous concepts of development in Ecuador and on the other hand it maintains previous concepts specially in the case of non-renewable resources – from the government’s perspective the SK follows a progressive approach towards environmental protection. The SK offers a framework in order to analyse development and environmental issues as a whole that could challenge the current ideologies on these issues. The SK should continue to be analysed and debated in order to create a robust theoretical framework of the concept that is meaningful and is not interpreted according to particular interests.

FONDAP FONDAP CRCP

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) found in bone marrow stroma, are able to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes, among other cellphenotypes. In normal bone marrow balance osteoblastic an adipocytes cell differentiation favour bone formation, while in osteoporosis there is an increased adipocytes content. Since osteoblasts and adipocytes originate from a common MSC precursor cell, here we discuss whether quantitative and qualitative stem cell defects may be the cause of alterations in the number and function of differentiated cells. This review analyzes some conditions that contribute to different osteogenic/adipogenic potentials in human bone marrow MSCs obtained from control and osteoporotic postmenopausal women. We analyze the protective effect exerted by locally generated factors like estradiol and leptin on MSCs differentiation, because altered bioavailability of these factors may play a role in osteoporosis. Osteoporotic MSCs (o-MSCs) are characterized by increased adipogenic potential as compared to control cells. Leptin exerted a direct protective action against adiposeness only in control cells. In contrast, leptin action on o-MSCs is hampered, suggesting that inadequate leptin action may be associated to lipid accumulation in bone marrow.