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Cocoa farming households carry out various livelihood strategies to maintain their survival. The decline in cocoa production is caused by pests and diseases, climate change, bad seeds, and the farmers' cocoa plants are old. These constraints will affect the condition of cocoa farmer households. This study aims to identify the livelihood strategies and structures carried out by cocoa farming households. The method used in this study uses a quantitative approach using a questionnaire supported by a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews. The research respondents consisted of 30 cocoa farming households in Polewali Mandar Regency. The results of this study show that the livelihood strategies used by cocoa farmer households are engineering income sources and income diversification. The average livelihood structure of cocoa farmer households comes from the non-farm sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium is a very important plant nutrient. There are many important sources of potassium present in the soil. The availability of potassium for plant absorption is highly variable and depends on the soil structure, dynamics and interaction of root with soil particles. The presence, absence, deficiency and excess availability of potassium can all affect plant growth in different ways. Potassium plays a very vital role in many plant physiological processes. Many scientists considered potassium second to nitrogen because of its importance in plant growth. Potassium deficiency affects plant growth and normal functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to analyze how strong the relationship between egg demand and linear factors is. Chicken eggs have a contribution of animal protein for the community, so their existence needs to be maintained. The study was conducted in Biringkanaya District, Makassar City which was selected purposively by considering this area has the largest population. Sampling was carried out by proportional random sampling method, in 5 regions that had the largest number of households, so that the number of respondents who were considered capable of representing the total population was 50 respondents. The results showed that the tested variables X and Y variables had a significant correlation, which was supported by the F Change value of 0.001, so the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. Meanwhile, there is simultaneous multiple correlations between the independent variables, the price of layer eggs (X1), the price of chicken meat (X2), the price of tempeh (X3), the price of tofu (X4), and income (X5). and the dependent variable demand for layer eggs (Y) has a strong and positive relationship seen from the correlation coefficient (R) of 0.615. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental risks in Bali cattle farming can have a detrimental impact on small farmers, losses that can be caused by the internal and external environment. This study aims to examine environmental risks that can cause potential losses for people-based Bali cattle farming in Barru Regency. The research location is in Tanete Riaja Subdistrict, Barru Regency as one of the locations with the largest population of Bali cattle. The research data collection method used a survey method with the questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis. The results of the study found the risks that occur in Bali cattle farming, namely internal risks and external risks, each of which has the potential for failure, based on the discussion obtained 9 internal risks with 3 extreme potential risks, while external risk sources amounted to 8 risks with 4 extreme potentials. This risk identification and assessment is required before any mitigation or handling of the risks that will lose the Bali cattle business is carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efforts to change the behavior of farmers in responding to the purification of Bali Cattle through artificial insemination technology are not easy to do. This is influenced by many factors, and the process takes a long time. This study aims to determine the behavior of farmers towards the purification of Bali cattle in Tanete Riaja District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted on four livestock farmer groups with a population of 140 farmers. The number of samples using the Slovin formula and stratified random sampling method was 58 people with a distribution of 12 people from the Lempangeng Livestock Farmers Group, 22 people from Makkawaru, 12 people from Sipurennue, and 12 people from Lempang taken by simple random sampling. Data were collected through interviews with the help of questionnaires measured using a Likert scale, namely a score of 1 to 3 with category 1=not good; 2=medium; and 3=good and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results showed that the behavior of farmers towards the Bali cattle purification program consisted of sub-variables: (1) the attitude factor of the farmer; (2) farmer's subjective norm factor; and (3) the behavioral control factors of farmers are in a good category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of institutions follows the dynamics of a group or community and plays an essential role in supporting food sustainability in an area/region. This study aims to analyze the institutional dynamics associated with the elements of development. This research was designed using a qualitative, case study method. This method was used in order to be able to see in-depth the reality of food institutions. The research site was carried out in the Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province for the mountainous area and in the Mamuju Regency (Karampuang Island) West Sulawesi Province for the small island region. The results of the study provided insight, production and institutional consumption in the mountainous area are more complex than the small island, this is due to the availability of more resources in the mountainous area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to analyze farmer satisfaction with the broiler partnership system in the Barru regency. The type of research used is descriptive research. The sample was determined using Sloven's formula, and as many as 36 farmers were randomly selected. Data were collected through observation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and interviews with the help of a list of questions on each indicator measured using the Guttman scale, namely: 1 is dissatisfied, and 2 is satisfied using descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that the satisfaction of farmers with broiler partnerships regarding the provision of production facilities and infrastructure, technical cultivation services, and postharvest implementation carried out by the core company showed a satisfied category which means that the existence of a partnership can benefit both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was aimed to identify internal and external factors, formulate alternative strategies and determine the strategic priorities for the development of the Berkah farmer women's group in the use of garden land in the current era of a pandemic of Covid-19. The method used in this study is a quantitative method using SWOT and QSPM analysis. The results of the study revealed that alternative strategies resulting from the SWOT analysis on the development of the Berkah farmer group in the use of yardland in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic were developing organic markets through the use of the yardland, increasing outreach and training by stakeholders to a group of women farmers members on the correct cultivation techniques for the yardland and the benefits derived from using the yard, and the development of processed food products through production produced on the yardland during the Covid-19 pandemic. The priority strategy generated by the QSPM on the development of the Berkah women farmers group in the use of yardland in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic is to develop processed food products through production on yardlands during the Covid-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]