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9 results on '"Assunta Cefalo, Chiara Maria"'

2. 1795-P: Proinsulin-Insulin Pancreatic Islets In-situ Expression Mirrors Metabolic Defects Observed in Type 2 Diabetic and Glucose Intolerant Living Donors

Author

BRUSCO, NOEMI, primary, SEBASTIANI, GUIDO, additional, LICATA, GIADA, additional, GRIECO, GIUSEPPINA E., additional, NIGI, LAURA, additional, FIGNANI, DANIELA, additional, MOFFA, SIMONA, additional, SORICE, GIAN PIO, additional, DI GIUSEPPE, GIANFRANCO, additional, ASSUNTA CEFALO, CHIARA MARIA, additional, MARI, ANDREA, additional, DOTTA, FRANCESCO, additional, GIACCARI, ANDREA, additional, and MEZZA, TERESA, additional

Published
2020
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3. 2295-PUB: Impaired First-Phase Insulin Secretion Predicts the Development of Hyperglycemia in a Human Model of Acute Beta-Cell Mass Reduction

Author

MEZZA, TERESA, primary, FERRARO, PIETRO MANUEL, additional, GIUSEPPE, GIANFRANCO DI, additional, ASSUNTA CEFALO, CHIARA MARIA, additional, MOFFA, SIMONA, additional, QUERO, GIUSEPPE, additional, CINTI, FRANCESCA, additional, IMPRONTA, FLAVIA, additional, CAPECE, UMBERTO, additional, ALFIERI, SERGIO, additional, MARI, ANDREA, additional, and GIACCARI, ANDREA, additional

Published
2020
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9. β-Cell Fate in Human Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: A Perspective on Islet Plasticity.

Author

Mezza, Teresa, Cinti, Francesca, Assunta Cefalo, Chiara Maria, Pontecorvi, Alfredo, Kulkarni, Rohit N., Giaccari, Andrea, and Cefalo, Chiara Maria Assunta

Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes, INSULIN resistance, ISLANDS of Langerhans, METABOLIC profile tests, MATERIAL plasticity, GLUCAGON-like peptides
Abstract

Although it is well established that type 2 diabetes (T2D) is generally due to the progressive loss of β-cell insulin secretion against a background of insulin resistance, the actual correlation of reduced β-cell mass to its defective function continues to be debated. There is evidence that a compensatory increase in β-cell mass, and the consequent insulin secretion, can effectively cope with states of insulin resistance, until hyperglycemia supervenes. Recent data strongly indicate that the mechanisms by which islets are able to compensate in response to insulin resistance in peripheral tissues is secondary to hyperplasia, as well as the activation of multiple cellular machineries with diverse functions. Importantly, islet cells exhibit plasticity in altering their endocrine commitment; for example, by switching from secretion of glucagon to secretion of insulin and back (transdifferentiation) or from an active secretory state to a nonsecretory quiescent state (dedifferentiation) and back. Lineage tracing (a method used to track each cell though its differentiation process) has demonstrated these potentials in murine models. A limitation to drawing conclusions from human islet research is that most studies are derived from human autopsy and/or organ donor samples, which lack in vivo functional and metabolic profiling. In this review, we specifically focus on evidence of islet plasticity in humans-from the normal state, progressing to insulin resistance to overt T2D-to explain the seemingly contradictory results from different cross-sectional studies in the literature. We hope the discussion on this intriguing scenario will provide a forum for the scientific community to better understand the disease and in the long term pave the way for personalized therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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