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This assessment evaluated the clinical feasibility of using narrow-diameter implants to support a mandibular overdenture. Twelve patients presenting with an edentulous mandible were recruited from nine dental offices. Each patient received two to four implants in the mandible. The implants were placed without additional bone augmentation, and a total of 36 implants were placed. All sites achieved satisfactory crestal bone stability and soft tissue maintenance 1 year after the final prosthetic restoration. This investigation was supported by the Osseointegration Foundation, working in conjunction with the Zest Anchors implant company. There are three basic valuable activities that emerge from a professional foundation, which were reflected in this case study. They include disseminating information to practitioners, persuading young clinicians to become research investigators, and reaching out to patients in need of treatment who cannot afford it without a charitable opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yes, this is the biggest issue of Mythlore since the 458-page Centenary Conference joint issue with the Tolkien Society in 1996. It's still true that anything over 300 pages triggers a bump in the postage to mail the issue, but the income from our electronic subscriptions can subsidize an occasional issue over this limit--like this one--without an increase to print subscription prices., Yes, THIS IS THE BIGGEST ISSUE of Mythlore since the 458-page Centenary Conference joint issue with the Tolkien Society in 1996. It's still true that anything over 300 pages triggers [...]

October 29, 1933-September 24, 2022 The National Shellfisheries Association (NSA) lost Ken Chew, one of the true pioneers in shellfish biology and aquaculture, on September 24, 2022. What follows here [...]

The emerging processual view of institutions has eroded the assumption of institutional stability in favor of a more dynamic view of institutions as ongoing processes, thereby foregrounding the question of institutional stabilization. Grounded in a process ontology, we conceptualize institutions as ever-becoming yet enduring social processes that are meaningful and carry prescriptions for actors' legitimate participation. Building on this conceptualization, we develop a theoretical model of the role of temporality in institutional stabilization that explores how three dimensions of institutions (meaning, prescriptions, and participation) are each stabilized by a facet of temporality (temporal patterns, expectancies, and mechanisms), as well as factors affecting each of these links. Our arguments contribute to writing on institutions in relation to temporality, agency, and process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-science, or networked, collaborative and multidisciplinary scientific research on a shared e-infrastructure using computational tools, methods and applications, has also brought about new networked organizational forms in the transition of higher education towards the entrepreneurial academy. While the under-representation of women in ICTs is well-recorded, it is also known that the potential of new organizational forms such as networked structures to promote gender equality remains ambiguous, as they tend to perpetuate already existing inequalities due to their embeddedness in larger and longer-term structural or institutional gender effects. Based on a year-long ethnographic study in a networked academic e-science collaboration in Sweden and 45 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with its affiliated researchers, this article analyzes the multi-level obstacles to achieving gender equality in e-science to highlight the ways in which gendered disparities persist in this new, project-based academic networked organization in Sweden, hereafter called eSec. At the organizational level eSec remains deeply embedded in the traditional disciplinary and institutional academic setting, inadvertently reproducing existing gender imbalances across sciences. Furthermore, as a project-based organization, it is also embedded in the shift towards an entrepreneurial university model driven by new managerialism, the latter having a well-documented adverse effect in gender equality. This represents a structural-level obstacle which leads to especially female junior faculty leaving academy for industry. An individual level obstacle is observed alongside these as disavowal (Verleugnung) of gender disparities, an affect identified as a key mechanism of subjectivation in neoliberalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares two science advisory organizations: the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) and the International Council for the Exploration of the Seas (ICES), with a special focus on how their respective policy systems absorb the knowledge delivered for use in decision processes. The science-policy processes of these two organizations differ in important respects; ICES delivers highly specified knowledge to a specified uptake mechanism, while the IPCC produces unspecified knowledge for an unspecified uptake mechanism. Since both environmental governance areas are criticized for lack of needed action, a comparison is of interest asking how this might relate to the organization of science advice. As theoretical resources for this explorative comparison we utilize two approaches from the field of science and technology studies: the co-production approach, which focuses on the entanglements of scientific and political processes, and the systems-theory-oriented multiple-worlds model, which assumes a clear difference in institutional logics between the scientific and the political field. Since the IPCC has been critically analysed by several studies utilizing resources from the two approaches, we contribute with new insights by bringing in ICES, which is a much less studied organization exposing a different science-policy structure. One important finding is that the two theoretical approaches focus on different aspects, exposing 'links' and 'integration', both of which we argue are important for analysing and assessing science advisory organizations. Moreover, these aspects can be advantageously integrated into a single theoretical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we evaluate a pre-pandemic multi-dimensional healthy aging program promoted by an Italian private Foundation to provide new insights on interventions that address both health and social needs within an age-friendly community framework. Using propensity score matching and linear regression models, with specific controls for individuals' self-selection into the program, we compare lifestyles, physical health, mental conditions, and healthy life expectancy of subjects enrolled into the program with those of similar, but non-enrolled, subjects. Our main finding is that, to be more effective, healthy aging interventions should target the key dimensions of aging - physical, mental, and social - in a holistic approach. Indeed, we show that the multi-dimensionality of the healthy aging intervention under study - the contemporaneous target of older adults' physical, mental, and social health - is crucial in improving both quantity and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study is to empirically examine the various components of subjective well-being (SWB) and its role in the association between personality and contextual performance (CP). To validate the proposed model, Indian executives from various organizations were surveyed with a survey method. The sample response from 809 respondents has been analysed with the assistance of the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. The results from the study establish SWB as a mediator between personality and CP. A positive association is observed with specific components of personality factors and SWB and CP. Organizations can also learn from the study that increasing the SWB of employees is one of the important parameters for their CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in both proposed and enacted legislation that targets diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) initiatives within higher education and organizations. These laws aim to dismantle protections and support for vulnerable individuals and groups. In this focal article, we provide an overview of the motives driving these anti-DEI legislative initiatives and categorize the laws based on the type of restrictions they impose: (a) reduction in knowledge, (b) reduction in access, and (c) reduction in support. Next, we discuss the consequences these anti-DEI laws yield for individuals, organizations, and society at large and provide an overview of how individuals and organizations may counteract these regressive policies. Last, we conclude with a call to action for I-O psychologists to investigate and call attention to the consequences of anti-DEI laws for recruitment and selection, well-being and safety of minoritized individuals, organizational reputation, and organizational performance and profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much ink has been spilled on the scientist–practitioner gap, that is, the apparent divide between knowledge published in academic peer-reviewed journals and the actual business practices employed in modern organizations. Most prior papers have advanced meaningful theories on why the gap exists, ranging from poor communication skills on the part of academics to paywalls and other obstacles preventing the public from accessing research in industrial-organizational psychology (I-O). However, very few papers on the scientist–practitioner gap have taken an empirical approach to better understand why the gap exists and what can be done about it. In our focal article, we specifically discuss the gap as it pertains to small businesses and present empirical data on the topic. Drawing from our experiences working with and in small businesses before entering a PhD program, we suggest that a primary reason for the existence of this gap is the differences between large and small businesses, and we advance two theory-driven reasons for why this is the case. Next, we compiled abstracts and practical implications sections from articles published in top I-O journals in the past 5 years, then we collected ratings and open-ended text responses from subject matter experts (i.e., small business owners and managers) in reaction to reading these sections. We close by recommending several potential perspectives, both for and against our arguments, that peer commentators can take in their responses to our focal article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the inquiry sought to investigate the relevant Public Relations (PR) strategies that Higher Learning Institutions (HLIs) in Tanzania deploy to illuminate their visibility. As competition among HLIs intensifies, institutions are increasingly turning to PR to distinguish themselves in the market. Effective Public Relations therefore, has become essential for the HLIs striving to attract key stakeholders who guarantee the survival of these institutions. These include students, lecturers, funders and other partners. The paper is based on in-depth interviews with PR professionals and Vice Chancellors from nine higher learning institutions in the country as well as documentary reviews of institutional reports such as the corporate strategic plans, PR materials and reports based on media coverage. Key findings reveal that HLIs in Tanzania primarily employ strategies centered on media engagement; it also identifies the strategic organization and coordination of public event and internationalization among others to boost their visibility. Thus, a multifaceted PR approach, integrating media engagement, event management and community relations, is crucial for illuminating the visibility of HLIs in Tanzania. Furthermore, for the HLIs to effectively compete in the national and international education markets, they should consider adoption of more integrated PR strategies that align with the unique identity and goals of each institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collection storage is one of the most complex collaborations a museum, library, or archive can undertake. A high-level initial assessment can help overcome the inertia and complexity that overwhelms larger organizations due to the number of stakeholders, spaces, and collections. Large institutions need to rise above room-level preservation issues and focus on global, values-based thinking. With support from the Sustaining Cultural Heritage Collections (SCHC) program of the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), The Research Libraries of the New York Public Library (NYPL) designed a collaborative pre-planning exercise to inform long-range collection storage planning for over fifty storage areas within its Manhattan research centers. Pulling together experts in architecture, preservation environment, and sustainability to review NYPL's storage needs in collaboration with an internal team of stakeholders, the project established foundations for ongoing values-based collaborative planning. Project design and considerations on synthesizing observations into recommendations are discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harm functions complexly in moral judgement but has been treated differently in the Social Intuitionist Model (SIM) and the Theory of Dyadic Morality (TDM). Both the SIM and TDM see felt harm as an outcome of experienced negative moral emotions (e.g., disgust), but the SIM regards harm as a kind of epiphenomenon in the sense that it does not affect moral judgement or behaviour, whereas the TDM interprets harm as an essential mediator of the link between negative moral emotions and immorality. The TDM also develops an explanation for how harm functions to initiate reactions to triggering events marked by an intentional agent causing injury to a vulnerable social actor. Here norms serve a regulatory function modulating the effects of harm committed by the agent on negative moral emotions. We conduct two experiments on representative samples of adults (N1=180;N2=192$$ {N}_1=180;{N}_2=192 $$) and address two different moral contexts (companies doing badly and government doing badly with respect to a threatened health crisis), two different normative moderators (moral identity and belief in conspiracies) and two different moral action tendencies (intentions and word of mouth). Harm is found to have direct and contingent mediated effects on moral action tendencies, in accord with the TDM. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, we introduce recent debates on both concepts of organization and organization's future. Since Max Weber's ideas gained acceptance, there has been a strong link between social theory (rationalized modernity) and a concept of organization (bureaucracy) in organization theory as well as organizational sociology. Today, organizational scholarship challenges, but at the same time defends, this classical link. We argue that both positions can be substantiated empirically. This situation motivates a debate on updating and revitalizing the link between organizational concepts and social theories that we aim to put forward with this special issue of Critical Sociology. We discuss the assembled contributions in relation to this fundamental conceptual debate of organization research and conclude that the richness of social theories can still serve as an inspiration to explain recent organizational phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses one of the oldest, most fundamental questions: how social order comes about. Many established conceptions of social order either tend to overemphasize one specific form of social order such as institutions or networks thereby losing sight of others, or subscribe to a single binary definition often distinguishing between spontaneous and organized social order. Although we do not deny the analytical fruitfulness of these approaches, we argue that they fall short when it comes to fully grasping certain social phenomena. Against this backdrop, we expand existing approaches by accounting for the multi-dimensionality of social order. Drawing on decisional organization theory, we present a theorization of social order that outlines four properties: ontology (system or structure), determination (decided or non-decided), changeability (decidable or non-decidable), and acceptance (accepted or contested). As we will show, this framework offers a fine-grained understanding of social order on a more generalized level, accounting for the complex, relational, and processual nature of social order. This approach allows us to move beyond established categorizations of social phenomena into, for example, institutions or networks, and to put the emphasis on properties of social order, the identification of tipping points, the unpacking of complexity, and the analysis of potential incompatibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the debate on the platformization of society by presenting a theoretical framework that describes the influence of strategic action fields (SAFs) on the emergence of platform architectures. It shifts the focus from already successful platforms to contested processes of platformization, understood as the gradual reorganization of fields around the architectures of digital platforms. To assess the influence of fields on platformization processes, the article combines the architectural view of platforms and the theory of SAFs. The resulting framework emphasizes that platform organizations may occupy powerful positions in fields, but they also depend on the contributions of users and complementors to establish these positions in the first place. Therefore, the forms and outcomes of platformization are influenced by the conditions in SAFs, particularly the stage in the field's temporal trajectory and the field position of platform organizations. By re-examining a growing body of empirical research, the article distinguishes platformization processes in emerging, stable, and transforming fields, and presents scenarios for each case. By theorizing a wide range of platformization processes and outcomes beyond disruption, the article offers a nuanced understanding of the proliferation of digital platforms and the influence of platform organizations in contemporary societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations and societies have changed. Bureaucracy, as modernity's form of organization, has transformed into a reflexive organization, coordinating the conditions of system reproduction in time–space with increased reflexivity. Simultaneously, modernity with capitalism, industrialization, and rationalization as its institutional dimensions radicalized; reflexive organizations as one of its driving forces and the reflexive organization as the new organization model. Today, reflexive organizations are the most ubiquitous and powerful agents in our societies, separating and integrating activities, practices, and occurrences in new time–space arrangements and sets of social systems together with others, fueling modernity's dynamism and global scope and letting our societies resemble an engine without a driver, erratically running in directions we cannot foresee. To identify and understand these changes and their impact on our current world, we develop a research framework informed by Anthony Giddens' structuration theory that upgrades social systems to the core of structuration theory and adds the reflexive mode of organization and a strategic perspective to Giddens' theory of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The growing literature on meeting science has begun to offer numerous best practices for designing and facilitating team meetings. However, similar considerations are limited for meetings that take place within multiteam systems (MTSs). These MTSs require meetings to occur both within and between teams to achieve both proximal and distal goals. Accordingly, the unique attributes of and challenges faced by MTSs may impact meeting inputs, processes, outcomes, and performance in these complex systems. In this review, we integrate core theoretical and empirical evidence from the meeting science, teaming, and MTS literature to inform the development of key propositions. Specifically, these propositions address how the design, facilitation, and effectiveness of MTS meetings may be influenced and impacted by core linkage attributes of MTSs. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications as well as of future avenues for research that further explores and refines our understanding of meetings in MTS contexts. Plain Language Summary Title: Towards an Understanding of Multiteam System Meeting Design, Facilitation, & Effectiveness Plain Language Summary: Multiteam systems are unique organizational structures where at least two teams must cooperate to achieve interdependent goals. MTSs face unique challenges that come along with the need for between- team and within-team collaboration in complex, dynamic environments. Meeting science has contributed theoretically-informed research to provide best practices in meeting design and facilitation. However, there is a lack of research considering meetings that occur within the MTS context, and involve members from multiple teams. The current effort draws conclusions based on existing research from the meeting, teaming, and MTS sciences to generate theoretical propositions regarding MTS meeting issues that are in need of further exploration in future research. Overall, this review provides a foundation to begin understanding how MTS attributes may uniquely impact meeting facilitation, design, and effectiveness in such systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementing sustainability is a complex and challenging process that requires the collaboration and commitment of multiple stakeholders within supply chains. Existing research has largely overlooked the role of individual employees who can act as change agents and proactively initiate and facilitate sustainability initiatives. In this paper, we propose a proactive job design perspective to understand how these sustainability champions can balance the demands and resources related to sustainability in and across organizations. We suggest that they can use a combination of self- and partner-focused sustainability regulation strategies to influence the sustainability resources of their supply chain partners and create inter-organizational Job Demands-Resources dynamics that can enhance or hinder sustainability implementation. We develop a set of propositions that can guide future research on this topic and offer practical implications for organizations that want to foster employee proactivity and sustainability in their supply chains. Plain Language Summary Title: Sustainability Champions: How Employees can Redesign their Work Environment to Implement Sustainability in Supply Chains. Plain Language Summary: Although most people agree that sustainability is a critical issue, it appears to be rather difficult to integrate sustainability in supply chains because multiple players have to change their behaviors, it is generally costly, and people lack the resources that are needed to make a difference. In the current paper, we focus on the role of individual employees in this process and describe what they can do to work more sustainably. We propose that employees who operate at the borders of organizations where important sourcing decisions are made may function as sustainability champions that can drive sustainable development from the bottom up. When these actors are motivated to contribute to supply chain sustainability, they can proactively regulate the sustainability demands, such as additional costs or know-how, and the sustainability resources, such as managerial support or autonomy, in and outside their organization. In doing so, they can enable themselves to work more sustainably and stimulate their supply chain partners to do the same. This proactive behavior may eventually trigger a sustainability movement throughout the supply chain in which individuals are simultaneously challenged and supported to generate and share more sustainability resources. Our paper can inspire researchers to conduct research on the role of proactive employee behavior in complex inter-organizational collaborations and support organizations toward the successful implementation of supply chain sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite agreement among leadership scholars that the effectiveness of a leadership style is situationally dependent, little is known about the process of effectively switching among different leadership styles as situations unexpectedly change. Organizations rely heavily on teams to quickly and accurately adapt in dynamic contexts, and we focus here on clarifying the process of adaptive leadership style transitions in teams as they cope with situations unexpectedly shifting from requiring process efficiency to requiring collective sensemaking. We review and build on pertinent literature to develop a process model depicting switching among leadership styles not as an isolated act of a team leader, but as interdependent behaviors of a leader and team members in co-constructing the adaptive switching process. We offer testable propositions derived from the model that delineate variables influencing the adaptive leadership process and team adaptive performance. Finally, we discuss future research and practical implications based on the model's exploration. Plain Language Summary: Organizations depend on teams to pivot quickly when situations unexpectedly change. In some situations, teams must be as efficient as possible; in others, teams must work together to make sense of chaos. Little is known regarding why some teams can quickly switch back and forth among these situations, while other teams stumble. In this paper, we explain how the team leader and team members of adaptive teams work together to co-construct an adaptive switching process that allows the team to accurately sense when a switch is needed and switch leadership behaviors for both leader and team members when the situation so warrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care education is a cornerstone of clinical excellence, ensuring the highest level of readiness to achieve high-quality and safe care. Integrating simulation into health care systems can provide a modality to address educational, quality, and safety goals. Simulation is a methodology used to immerse individuals, teams, and medical systems into clinical scenarios or environments. Through facilitation and debriefing, the immersive experience can be used to provide vital education, develop optimal health care practices, and identify prospects for improvement. Simulation provides an opportunity to blend the needs of continuing multiprofessional education while addressing quality and safety goals, and ultimately, promoting a positive safety culture. Applied comprehensively, simulation for systems integration can both promote the transformation of the health care system into a learning organization, as well as translate to improved health care outcomes. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(11):e408–e413.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local organizations constitute a significant share of the social safety net for immigrants in the United States. It is well documented that these organizations provide political, social, and economic integration while also helping immigrants to stay connected to their cultures and countries of origin. Less is known, however, about how immigrants actively shape these organizations. Through a study of cultural programming at neighborhood library branches in Boston, Massachusetts, this research examines how local organizations can be sources of support for immigrants as well as sites in which immigrants can serve as community assets. In addition to traditional cultural programs, neighborhood branches host immigrant-led cultural programs, which are notable in how they (1) fulfill needs that are identified and met by immigrants, (2) represent diverse cultures through the eyes of immigrants, (3) do outreach in and reach immigrant communities, and (4) bridge local immigrant and native-born populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have called attention to how neighborhood organizations can help people in low-income neighborhoods who face risks of social exclusion. This study examines how different types of neighborhood organizations broker resources for the urban poor. We investigate how neighborhood organizations employ linking social capital (vertical networks) and organizational ties (horizontal networks). Furthermore, we discuss the process of organizational brokerage and through which mechanisms neighborhood organizations make resources accessible. Qualitative field work was conducted in a faith-based organization, a professional welfare organization and a volunteer organization. Our findings demonstrate that organizations broker resources in different ways, and that mechanisms of organizational brokerage complement each other. We further show how neighborhood organizations play an important role in connecting people from low-income neighborhoods to main institutions such as the labor market and welfare bureaucracies. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for neighborhood effects studies and policy, and what the study's limitations are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study holds significant importance as it aims to delve into the impactful NGOs' initiatives and grassroots approaches instrumental in providing healthcare services to Dhaka's underserved slum people. It focuses on understanding how these factors influence the use and access to health services, which is a crucial aspect for researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals. Study design: This study was meticulously designed, utilizing a comprehensive cross-sectional mixed-methods design. By incorporating qualitative and quantitative data collection methods, we ensured a thorough understanding of NGOs' initiatives and grassroots approaches to providing healthcare services to slum dwellers in Dhaka, thereby instilling confidence in the validity of our research for the audience. Methods: A face-to-face interview was used to survey the participants (n = 722) using semi-structured questionnaires, following a systematic sampling technique. Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted with the slum people. Binary logistic regression was performed to know NGOs' initiatives, roles, and grassroots approach as predictors or independent variables and healthcare services as an outcome or dependent variable. The quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. At the same time, thematic analysis was conducted following Philip Adu's Qualitative data analysis process and Braun and Clarke's six steps of the thematic analysis system, integrating the 11 subthemes with the quantitative findings to highlight the interpretative findings of the qualitative data. Findings: Major findings revealed that NGOs' initiative roles and grassroots approach had a significant impact on slum dwellers' use and access to healthcare services. The initiatives included affordable health services (OR = 22.86, 95% CI = 3.87, 35.00, P = 0.01), special health services (OR = 5.63, 95% CI = 3.36, 9.42, P = 0.00), engagement of responsible community leaders (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.14, 2.59, P = 0.01), distribution of health and medicine items (OR = 1.92, 95% 2 CI = 1.40, 2.63, P = 0.01), provision of updated information to slum dwellers (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = .99, 1.90, P = 0.05), telehealth and telemedicine (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.55, 2.13, P = 0.01), BCC strategy (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.57, P = 0.05), and doorstep services as NGOs' grassroots approach (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.00, 3.38, P = 0.05). Qualitative findings supported the quantitative findings through 2 main themes and 11 sub-themes, which were integrated with quantitative findings to highlight the interpretative findings of qualitative data. Conclusions: Health services and other facilities for urban slum people through NGOs' initiatives and grassroots approaches are highly affordable and practical, special health services with the involvement of special exceptional health professionals, community supportive services, BCC strategies, and doorstep health services may trigger the use and access to health services for slum dwellers. Results suggest and recommend capitalizing and investing in such initiatives and grassroots approaches from the government, policymakers, and donors with NGOs to find accessible, affordable health services for the unprivileged slum people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ancient associations had very few extant regulations, but those that have survived indicate a variety of functions, such as outlining the structure of the association; delineating the rights, responsibilities, and privileges of members; and establishing norms of behaviour and consequences for non-compliance. Moreover, by-laws codified procedures for decision-making, dispute resolution, and the amendment of governing regulations. The by-laws of these ancient occupational and religious groups can be compared to modern academic societies and in so doing shed light on one another's practices. In particular, the concern with purpose, membership, finance, meetings, and especially behaviour cross the temporal and cultural divide in ways that allow the Canadian Society of Biblical Studies and other academic societies to think more carefully about how they are constituted and, more importantly, how they might respond to broader societal situations that are not directly in their purview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Associational standing is a widely used doctrine that has never been subject to serious academic scrutiny. It allows an organization that has not suffered any injury in fact to sue in its own name to assert its members' causes of action. Though the doctrine is often associated with public interest groups, major corporations have usurped it to be able to sue, through trade groups or entities created solely to pursue a particular lawsuit, without becoming party litigants to the case. The Supreme Court first recognized associational standing as an offshoot of third-party standing to allow an organization that had suffered institutional harm to assert its members' rights concerning their relationship with the organization itself. The Court has since extended associational standing to allow an uninjured group to pursue any of its members' claims relating to the group's purpose, including claims completely unconnected to their membership in the group. The Court has likewise allowed associational standing to be invoked by both zero-member groups and compulsory groups whose members are not free to quit. This anomalous exception to Article III's injury-in-fact requirement stands in tension with the fabric of U.S. law in ways that have been generally overlooked. Statutes, procedural rules, and most judge-created requirements were not crafted with associational standing in mind, repeatedly creating unnecessary quandaries throughout the litigation process. Associational standing allows plaintiff groups to circumvent Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23 by enabling them to effectively craft their own classes without judicial approval or satisfying the Rule's requirements. The doctrine also violates Rule 17(a)'s real-party-in-interest requirement, triggers disputes over potential asymmetric claim preclusion, and offers a backdoor method for courts to inappropriately issue nationwide defendant-oriented injunctions. Moreover, it undermines public policy goals by impacting how statutes such as the Equal Access to Justice Act apply to a rights holder's claims, and violates traditional equitable principles. While courts may adopt ad hoc solutions to address each of these difficulties individually, such patches underscore the poor fit between associational standing and the structure of litigation in the United States. This Article calls for the abandonment, or at least serious modification, of associational standing. Even without associational standing, groups may still sue to enforce their own rights. And they could continue to help vindicate their members' rights by providing legal representation for member plaintiffs in individual or class action suits (filed anonymously, if necessary), covering members' litigation costs, and providing expert witnesses and other guidance. In short, associational standing is a largely unnecessary deviation from both Article III's injury-in-fact requirement and the fundamental principles underlying our justice system. Eliminating associational standing would not limit public law and other important collective litigation, but rather ensure that such cases proceed through the proper channels (i.e., Rule 23) while preventing a range of unnecessary procedural, preclusive, remedial, and other complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores relationships between societal culture value dimensions and preferred leader behavior in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH). It is one of the first studies that provide an overview of the dimension of Monumentalism in BIH and bring together all seven cultural dimensions, thus contributing to their overall understanding. Data in two observed regions (region Bosnia, region Herzegovina) have not yielded significant differences in preferred leader behavior across regions, and regarding cultural dimensions, significant differences among regions were found only for Individualism and Masculinity, implicating relatively homogenous culture in BIH. While Power Distance has no significant correlations with any of the preferred leadership behaviors, significant correlations were found for other cultural dimensions. The study's results contribute to a deeper understanding among leaders and employees and enhance managerial effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nursing has always been a cost for the institutions within which nurses work. This fact has influenced almost everything that affects how nurses are utilized and valued. As a cost, nurses are closely managed on the margin, always constrained by the resource machinations of organizations and systems with little determination or enumeration of the contributions nurses make to the service and financial value represented by algorithms and metrics that enumerate and demonstrate nurse's impact and contribution to service and financial value. This article further pushes the boundaries of this circumstance, challenging nurse and health leaders to reconceptualize nursing contribution and recalibrate the determination and calculation of nursing value as a sustainable baseline for nursing leadership for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although performance information is widely promoted to improve the accountability of public service provision, behavioral research has revealed that motivated reasoning leads recipients to update their beliefs inaccurately. However, the reasoning processes of service users have been largely neglected. We develop a theory of public service users' motivated reasoning about performance information stemming from their identification with the organization providing their services. We address a significant challenge to studying motivated reasoning—that widely used existing research designs cannot rule out alternative cognitive explanations, especially Bayesian learning, such that existing findings could be driven by strong prior beliefs rather than biased processing of new information. We use a research design incorporating Bayesian learning as a benchmark to identify departures from accuracy motivated reasoning process. We assess the empirical implications of the theory using a preregistered information provision experiment among parents with children using public schools. To assess their identity-based motivated reasoning, we provide them with noisy, but true, performance information about their school. Overall, we find no evidence of directionally motivated reasoning. Instead, parents change their beliefs in response to performance feedback in a way that largely reflects conservative Bayesian learning. Performance reporting to service users is less vulnerable to motivational biases in this context than suggested by the general literature on motivated reasoning. Furthermore, exploratory findings show that performance information can correct erroneous beliefs among misinformed service users, suggesting that investment in reporting performance to service users is worthwhile to inform their beliefs and improve accountability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flexibility/stability tension is a key challenge for purpose-oriented networks, especially salient with network participation. Because of the voluntary nature of networks, it is common for network participation to fluctuate, with participants entering, leaving, and returning over time for a variety of reasons. This fluctuation may challenge the stability that is key to network effectiveness. Yet, despite the salience of this tension, we know little about managing the ebb and flow of network participation. Driven by phenomenon-based theorizing, we draw on longitudinal participatory action research to examine participant attendance and contribution in monthly workgroup meetings over a four-year period of an early child education network. Combining interviews (n = 5), meeting attendance tracking (n = 37), and meeting observations (n = 30), we identify six types of flux stemming from individual, organizational, and system forces. We find these forces of flux support both flexibility and stability. Highlighting the duality of flexibility and stability, we explain how flexibility at one level may result in stability at another and vice versa. Our findings contribute to a greater understanding of how stability and flexibility are both valuable for networks and thus, the need to embrace the ebb and flow of participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper unpacks the "black box" of informal institutions and theorizes about the role of informal networks in channeling continuity and change in informal institutions. Specifically, we argue that the persistence of informal institutions depends on the functionalities of the informal networks upon which they rest. When informal institutions are enacted by informal networks that are "relatively affective" and "relatively closed," their persistence is higher than the persistence of informal institutions that are enacted by "relatively open" and "relatively instrumental" networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship scholars often lament the lack of economic growth in contexts of poverty and informality. We propose that this dismal assessment, as well as subsequent prescriptions to address it, flow from a narrow epistemological approach to informality based on absence, where the lack of (Western) market-supporting legal and regulatory institutions explain missing economic growth at the firm level. In contrast, we build a theoretical approach grounded in presence, proposing that a more comprehensive incorporation of existing institutions may reveal less visible, individual level types of entrepreneurial growth occurring in informal economies. To do so, we conceptualize informal economies as institutional interfaces built of "bits and pieces" from market and nonmarket institutions. We propose that the configuration of these interfaces influences the cultural toolkits of inhabitant entrepreneurs, which in turn shapes how they grow in an informal economy. Specifically, we link three dimensions of institutional complexity at the institutional interface (jurisdictional influence, fragmentation, and incompatibility) to three types of growth (direct, dispersed, and disguised) that vary in terms of visibility. Our theory animates understanding of diverse informal economies and the entrepreneurial activity that exists within them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the great emphasis organizations and human resource management (HRM) research place on turnover issues, one turnover phenomenon has received only limited attention so far: joint leader–member turnover. This research examines supervisor‐initiated turnover (SIT) (i.e., employees' decision to quit their employer to follow a former supervisor to a new organization) and develops a comprehensive model of the SIT decision process, grounded on conservation of resources (COR) theory, that delineates the resource evaluation, conservation and investment deliberations of employees. We take a relational perspective and particularly focus on the leader–member relationship as an important antecedent of SIT and thereby respond to the call for more critical investigations of leader–member exchange (LMX) and corresponding HRM implications. Our three studies (survey, scenario experiment, and dyadic interview study) demonstrate that LMX positively affects SIT intentions (SITI) and that supervisor commitment represents an important mediating mechanism of the LMX–SITI relationship. Our interview study with 46 leader–member dyads identifies relational factors that promote or hinder SIT beyond the leader–member relationship. We discuss the theoretical contributions and practical implications for HRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life and contribution to twentieth-century Catholic history of Baroness Catherine de Hueck is well known. Lesser known, but nonetheless significant, the life of Paul Wattson, the Father Founder of the Society of the Atonement, intersected with that of De Hueck in noteworthy ways. Scholars have noted Wattson's aid to De Hueck in her Canadian foundation of Friendship House and their combined efforts in New York. The more personal and spiritual relationship between these two important figures requires fuller examination. Wattson served as de Hueck's spiritual mentor and ministerial supporter during the critical years between 1925 and 1940, providing guidance during her difficult years in Canada and paving the way for her ministry in the Harlem section of New York City. Key Words: Friendship House, Catherine de Hueck, Paul Wattson, Toronto, New York, American Catholicism in the first half of the twentieth century was marked by the significant contributions of several individuals. Beginning with his Catholic University of America dissertation on 'A Living [...]