Search

Das schweizerische Fachhochschulgesetz sieht vor, dass Eignungsabklärungen als Zulassungsvoraussetzung für das Studium auf der Bachelorstufe durchgeführt werden können. Die Inhalte dieser Eignungsabklärungen sind den einzelnen Studiengängen frei überlassen. Vergleiche[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA) und des Arbeitskreises zur Weiterentwicklung der Lehre in der Zahnmedizin (AKWLZ)

INTRODUCTION: For patients with severe kidney failure, the only alternative to transplantation today is an enduring dialysis treatment. But dialysis is associated with manifold physical and social restrictions. The study analyses the psychosocial consequences of the chronic disease of renal insufficiency: Does chronic kidney failure increase the patients' risk to sink into poverty? SAMPLE/METHODS: In the year 2006 625 dialysis patients participated in an enquiry in 77 dialysis centres in Germany. The newly developed questionnaire included 19 items about social situation, treatment conditions, and quality of life. The response rate was 54.3%. The analyses were calculated using descriptive statistics and discriminatory analyses. RESULTS: 51.8% of the patients lived in the new German federal states (the former GDR), 44.9% are female. The mean age of the sample was 62.2 years. 57.5% of the participants were married or cohabited. There was at least one person aged younger than 18 years in 12% of the households. 54.8% of the respondents had a German CSE, 25.3% had a German Remedial School Certificate of Completion, and 12.4% had a German Abitur (German university entrance qualification). At the time of the enquiry, 60.2% of the patients were below the poverty level (60% of the mean income in Germany). Important impact factors for an existence above the poverty level were the number of persons per household and the age of the participants. The more persons per household, the greater was the risk to be below the poverty level. Households with more than two persons had a significantly higher risk to be below the poverty level (OR=63.3). Persons aged younger than 50 years had a significantly higher risk to be below the poverty level than those aged 50 years or older (OR=2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic renal insufficiency is associated with a higher poverty risk if the patients feature specific attributes. Although living alone is often regarded as a poverty risk because larger households usually have more opportunities to save costs, due to our findings patients living together with several persons in a household are at higher risk to sink into poverty. They are younger or middle-aged and have responsibility to support children or partners. A higher poverty risk results from the fact that they are at a younger age when their dialysis starts and usually receive a lower employment disability pension. The results correspond with data of the German Federal Statistical Office, which show that the number of paupers is greater within younger age groups. Relevant for prevention seems to be the impact of the physician on a possible further occupation of dialysis patients.

It has been speculated that macrophytes beds might act as a refuge for calcifiers from ocean acidification. In the shallow nearshores of the western Kiel Bay (Baltic Sea), mussel and seagrass beds are interlacing, forming a mosaic habitat. Naturally, the diverse physiological activities of seagrasses and mussels are affected by seawater carbonate chemistry and they locally modify it in return. Calcification by shellfishes is sensitive to seawater acidity; therefore the photosynthetic activity of seagrasses in confined shallow waters creates favorable chemical conditions to calcification at daytime but turn the habitat less favorable or even corrosive to shells at night. In contrast, mussel respiration releases CO2, turning the environment more favorable for photosynthesis by adjacent seagrasses. At the end of summer, these dynamics are altered by the invasion of high pCO2/low O2 coming from the deep water of the Bay. However, it is in summer that mussel spats settle on the leaves of seagrasses until migrating to the permanent habitat where they will grow adult. These early life phases (larvae/spats) are considered as most sensitive with regard to seawater acidity. So far, the dynamics of CO2 have never been continuously measured during this key period of the year, mostly due to the technological limitations. In this project we used a combination of state-of-the-art technologies and discrete sampling to obtain high-resolution time-series of pCO2 and O2 at the interface between a seagrass and a mussel patch in Kiel Bay in August and September 2013. From these, we derive the entire carbonate chemistry using statistical models. We found the monthly average pCO2 more than 50 % (approx. 640 μatm for August and September) above atmospheric equilibrium right above the mussel patch together with large diel variations of pCO2 within 24 h: 887 ± 331 μatm in August and 742 ± 281 μatm in September (mean ± SD). We observed important daily corrosiveness for calcium carbonates (Ωarag and Ωcalc < 1) centered on sunrise. On the positive side, the investigated habitat never suffered from hypoxia during the study period. We emphasize the need for more experiments on the impact of these acidic conditions on (juvenile) mussels with a focus on the distinct day-night variations observed.

In der vorliegenden retrospektiven Studie wird die Behandlung mit perkutaner, transluminaler Stentangioplastie (PTA/S) bei chronischer Mesenterialischämie evaluiert. Dazu wurden die Daten von 36 symptomatischen CMI-Patienten untersucht, die sich in der Zeit vom 09.11.2000 bis zum 16.09.2010 einer PTA/S unterzogen hatten.Ergebnis: bei einer technischen Erfolgsrate von 100% betrug die initiale klinische Erfolgsrate 81,6%. Die 30-Tages-Mortalität ist mit 5,6% zu verzeichnen. Nach 12 und 60 Monaten wurde eine primäre Offenheitsrate von 82,6% bzw. 61,4% ermittelt. Bei einer Restenoserate von 27,8% konnten die Reinterventionen zu 69,2% endovaskulär erfolgen.Schlussfolgerung: die offene Chirurgie ist der PTA/S grundsätzlich überlegen. Jedoch ist die PTA/S aufgrund ihrer geringeren Invasivität eine aussichtsvolle Alternative für multimorbide Patienten mit schlechtem Allgemeinzustand, sofern sich engmaschige Kontrollen als lebenslange Nachsorge anschließen, um Restenosen besser zu beherrschen.

The LHC beam operation at 3.5 TeV has seen a rapid and quite worry-free increase of beam intensity. The energy stored in the proton beams quickly reached more than 10 times the values achieved in other colliders and was not perturbed by quenches of super-conducting magnets from stored beam. Losses were reliably and efficiently intercepted by the phase 1 of the LHC collimation system. The success of the collimation system has triggered the questions whether collimation performance is already sufficient and whether the foreseen completion and upgrade of the system is justified. These questions are addressed in view of the first beam experience.

In mammals, basal currents through G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels are repressed by Gαi/oGDP, and the channels are activated by direct binding of free Gβγ subunits released upon stimulation of Gαi/o-coupled receptors. However, essentially all information on G protein regulation of GIRK electrophysiology has been gained on the basis of coexpression studies in heterologous systems. A major advantage of the model organism, Arabidopsis thaliana, is the ease with which knockout mutants can be obtained. We evaluated plants harboring mutations in the sole Arabidopsis Gα (AtGPA1), Gβ (AGB1), and Regulator of G protein Signaling (AtRGS1) genes for impacts on ion channel regulation. In guard cells, where K+ fluxes are integral to cellular regulation of stomatal apertures, inhibition of inward K+ (Kin) currents and stomatal opening by the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) was equally impaired in Atgpa1 and agb1 single mutants and the Atgpa1 agb1 double mutant. AGB1 overexpressing lines maintained a wild-type phenotype. The Atrgs1 mutation did not affect Kin current magnitude or ABA sensitivity, but Kin voltage-activation kinetics were altered. Thus, Arabidopsis cells differ from mammalian cells in that they uniquely use the Gα subunit or regulation of the heterotrimer to mediate Kin channel modulation after ligand perception. In contrast, outwardly rectifying (Kout) currents were unaltered in the mutants, and ABA activation of slow anion currents was conditionally disrupted in conjunction with cytosolic pH clamp. Our studies highlight unique aspects of ion channel regulation by heterotrimeric G proteins and relate these aspects to stomatal aperture control, a key determinant of plant biomass acquisition and drought tolerance.