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The state of São Paulo is the largest peanut producer in the country, accounting for more than 90% of national production. This work aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential and the response to viruses of breeding lines developed by assisted selection for resistance to the root-knot nematode. Sixty- two lines were evaluated for yield, 200-kernelweight and pod yield, in Federer's augmented blocks with the cultivars IAC OL 3 and IAC 503 as regular treatments. These genotypes were also planted in the municipalities of Bastos/SP and Santa Adélia/SP, at locations where virus occurrence has increased in peanut crops along recent years, causing significant damages. In Bastos, the plots consisted of 3 lines of 10 m in length. In Santa Adélia, the lines were evaluated in randomized blocks with three replications, in plots with a single row of 20 m. It was concluded that the nematode resistant selected lines have diversity for virus tolerance and agronomic potential for yield and kernel quality. El estado de São Paulo es el mayor productor de maní del país, siendo responsable por más del 90% de la producción nacional. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial agronómico y la posible tolerancia a virus de líneas desarrolladas por selección asistida por marcadores moleculares para resistencia al nematodo de las agallas. Las líneas fueron evaluadas para rendimiento, peso de 200 granos y rendimiento de grano, en bloques aumentados de Federer con ‘IAC OL 3’ e ‘IAC 503’ como tratamientos regulares. En ensayos de resistencia del virus, las 62 líneas fueron evaluadas en Bastos/SP y Santa Adélia/SP, localidades donde el virus ha infectado los cultivos de maní de forma creciente en los últimos años. En Bastos, las parcelas constaban de 3 filas de 10 m de largo. En Santa Adélia, las líneas fueron evaluadas en bloques al azar con tres repeticiones y en parcelas con fila de 20 m. Se concluyó que las líneas resistentes a nematodos tienen diversidad para tolerancia a virus y potencial agronómico para la producción y calidad de granos. O estado de São Paulo é o maior produtor de amendoim do país, sendo responsável por mais de 90% da produção nacional. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial agronômico e possível tolerância a vírus em linhagens desenvolvidas por seleção assistida por marcadores moleculares para resistência ao nematoide das galhas. Sessenta e duas linhagens assim selecionadas foram avaliadas em Ribeirão Preto quanto à produtividade, peso de 200 grãos e rendimento de grãos, em blocos aumentados de Federer, tendo ‘IAC OL3’ e ‘IAC 503’ como tratamentos regulares. Realizaram-se também ensaios para avaliação do potencial de resistência à virose, nas 62 linhagens nos municípios de Bastos/SP e Santa Adélia/SP, localidades onde o vírus tem infectado lavouras de amendoim de forma crescente nos últimos anos. Em Bastos, as parcelas foram constituídas por 3 linhas de 10 m de comprimento. Em Santa Adélia, as linhagens foram avaliadas em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em parcelas com uma linha de 20 m. Concluiu-se que as linhagens resistentes ao nematoide possuem diversidade para tolerância à virose e potencial agronômico para produção e qualidade de grãos.

The tomato is one of the most important vegetable crops. The successful development of tomato cultures in Kazakhstan depends on the implementation of intensive agricultural methods, including breeding and selecting for new tomato varieties resistant to plant pathogens. Common tomato viruses, although not detected in our country to date, may potentially have a deleterious impact on agriculture if allowed to spread. The implementation of tomato breeding programs based on molecular markers of resistance is therefore an important preventive measure for protecting the agriculture and food safety of Kazakhstan. In the present work, we used nine molecular markers associated with resistance to three tomato viruses, i.e., tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV), and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), to test the local breeding collection for the presence of genetic resistance factors. Two tomato varieties, ‘Zhiraf’ (Russia) and ‘Sunnik’ (Armenia), were revealed to possess the resistant allele marker PrRuG86-151 against ToMV; three hybrid forms had the same allele in the heterozygous state. One hybrid, based on the ‘Mirsini’ F1 variety from the Netherlands, had resistance to TSWV, which was confirmed by four markers: NCSw003, NCSw007, NCSw011, and NCSw012. Two cultivars, ‘Nicola’ and ‘Malinovyi Slon’ (Russia), and the local hybrid based on ‘Yarkiy Rumyanets’ had two to three resistant alleles of markers based on locus Tm-3 of resistance to TYLCV. The obtained results have demonstrated that the collection of tomato varieties involved in breeding programs in Kazakhstan lacks well-known genetic resistance factors to the considered tomato viruses. Thus, the prospective breeding programs require introduction of known resistant genetic resources to establish resistance to viruses using marker-assisted selection.

Background Deeper roots help plants take up available resources in deep soil ensuring better growth and higher yields under conditions of drought. A large-scale semi-field root phenotyping facility was developed to allow a water availability gradient and detect potential interaction of genotype by water availability gradient. Genotyped winter wheat lines were grown as rows in four beds of this facility, where indirect genetic effects from neighbors could be important to trait variation. The objective was to explore the possibility of genomic prediction for grain-related traits and deep root traits collected via images taken in a minirhizotron tube under each row of winter wheat measured. Results The analysis comprised four grain-related traits: grain yield, thousand-kernel weight, protein concentration, and total nitrogen content measured on each half row that were harvested separately. Two root traits, total root length between 1.2 and 2 m depth and root length in four intervals on each tube were also analyzed. Two sets of models with or without the effects of neighbors from both sides of each row were applied. No interaction between genotypes and changing water availability were detected for any trait. Estimated genomic heritabilities ranged from 0.263 to 0.680 for grain-related traits and from 0.030 to 0.055 for root traits. The coefficients of genetic variation were similar for grain-related and root traits. The prediction accuracy of breeding values ranged from 0.440 to 0.598 for grain-related traits and from 0.264 to 0.334 for root traits. Including neighbor effects in the model generally increased the estimated genomic heritabilities and accuracy of predicted breeding values for grain yield and nitrogen content. Conclusions Similar relative amounts of additive genetic variance were found for both yield traits and root traits but no interaction between genotypes and water availability were detected. It is possible to obtain accurate genomic prediction of breeding values for grain-related traits and reasonably accurate predicted breeding values for deep root traits using records from the semi-field facility. Including neighbor effects increased the estimated additive genetic variance of grain-related traits and accuracy of predicting breeding values. High prediction accuracy can be obtained although heritability is low.

Background: Tilapia is the most farmed fish in Colombia. However, the genetic diversity and structure of broodstocks in the hatcheries of Antioquia province remains unknown. Objective: To analyze the genetic diversity and structure of one Nile and three red tilapia broodstocks in Antioquia, Colombia. Methods: Fish were genotyped using 24 microsatellite markers of 13 linkage groups in five multiple reactions. Genetic diversity metrics were estimated and null alleles were detected. Analysis of Molecular Variance and analysis of number of clusters were used to describe the relationship between broodstocks. Results: Two microsatellites could not be amplified, and 22 were polymorphic. Average number of alleles per locus ranged 5.77 to 7.91. Locus UNH211 had the most alleles (17), whereas OMO032 had the fewest (4). Except for GM234 and OMO032, the analyzed loci had at least one private allele per population. Average effective number of alleles (3.37-4.03) was always less than the number of observed alleles. Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with heterozygote deficiencies were registered. Nine markers showed evidence of null alleles. The expected heterozygosity (0.65 to 0.67 per broodstock) was significantly higher than the observed heterozygosity (0.601 to 0.649) in the four populations. The fixation index for all broodstocks (excluding null alleles) was 0.0766 (95% confidence interval, 0.05092 to 0.10289). According to the molecular variance analysis, the greatest variation was between individuals rather than between groups of broodstocks or individuals within broodstocks. The genetic distance between the Nile and red broodstocks ranged from 0.43 to 0.54. Conclusions: Overall, these findings provide baseline information about the genetic diversity and structure of tilapia broodstocks in Antioquia, Colombia, useful for the management of hatcheries. Resumen Antecedentes: La tilapia es el pez más cultivado en Colombia; sin embargo, hay gran desconocimiento sobre la estructura genetica actual de los reproductores. Objetivo: Analizar la diversidad y estructura genética de los reproductores de tres granjas de tilapia roja y una de tilapia Nilótica en Antioquia, Colombia. Métodos: Se utilizaron 24 microsatélites de 13 grupos de ligamiento amplificados en cinco reacciones múltiples. Se calcularon diferentes medidas de diversidad y se detectaron alelos nulos. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza molecular y uno de número de grupos para describir las relaciones entre las granjas de reproductores. Resultados: Dos marcadores no fueron amplificados y los 22 restantes fueron polimórficos. El promedio de alelos por locus varió entre 5,77 y 7,91. El mayor número de alelos (17) se encontró en el locus UNH 211, mientras que el menor se observó en OMO032 (cuatro). Veinte loci presentaron por lo menos un alelo privado. El número de alelos efectivos promedio fue menor al número de alelos observado y estuvo entre 3,37 y 4,03. Se registraron desviaciones significativas en el equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg, en su mayoría con deficiencias de heterocigotos. Se encontraron evidencias de alelos nulos en nueve marcadores. La heterocigosidad observada estuvo entre 0,601 y 0,649. El índice de fijación fue de 0.0766 (intervalo de confianza de 95%, entre 0,05092 y 0,10289). Según el análisis de varianza molecular, la mayor fuente de variación se encontró entre individuos. El valor de la distancia de Nei entre los reproductores Nilóticos y rojos estuvo entre 0,43 y 0,54. Conclusión: Los resultados de la presente investigación proveen una línea base acerca de la diversidad y estructura genética de los reproductores de tilapia en Antioquia, Colombia, y son útiles para el manejo de granjas dedicadas a la reproducción de tilapia. Resumo Antecedentes: A tilápia é o peixe mais cultivado na Colômbia. É importante examinar a diversidade genética de peixes reprodutores. Objetivo: Avaliar a diversidade e estrutura genética de três estoques de reprodutores de tilápias vermelhas e um de tilápia Nilótica em Antioquia, Colômbia. Métodos: Utilizaram-se 24 microssatélites de 13 grupos de ligação em cinco reações múltiplas. Métricas de diversidade genética foram estimadas e alelos nulos foram detectados. Análise da Variância Molecular e análise do número de clusters foram utilizados para descrever a relação entre os estoques. Resultados: Dois marcadores não foram amplificados e vinte e dois microssatélites analisados mostraram-se polimórficos. O número médio de alelos por locus variou entre 5,77 e 7,91. O Locus UNH211 apresentou o maior número de alelos (17), enquanto o OMO032 apresentou o menor número (4). Exceto GM234 e OMO032, os loci analisados mostrou um pelo menos um alelo privado por população. O número efetivo médio de alelos (3,37-4,03) foi sempre menor do que o número de alelos observados. Foram observados desvios significativos do equilíbrio Hardy-Weinberg e deficiência de heterozigotos. Nove loci mostraram evidências de alelos nulos. A heterozigosidade esperada (0,6504-0,6748 por população) foi significativamente maior do que a heterozigosidade observada (0,601-0,649). O índice de fixação foi de 0,0766 (intervalo de confiança de 95%, 0,05092-0,10289). De acordo com a análise da variância molecular, a maior variação foi entre indivíduos. Adistância genética entre o Nilo e os reprodutores vermelhos variou de 0,43 a 0,54. Conclusão: No geral, esses resultados fornecem informação básica sobre sobre diversidade e estrutura genética de reprodutores de tilápia em Antioquia, Colômbia, e são significativos para o manejo de plantéis de reprodutores.

O escurecimento dos grãos de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ocorre após a colheita e gera perda no valor comercial do produto. Esse caráter é controlado por um gene com dominância do alelo que confere o escurecimento normal em feijões do tipo carioca e pinto. Em feijões do tipo pinto esse gene foi denominado Sd (Slow darkening). Entretanto, não existem relatos de que o gene identificado no tipo pinto é o mesmo do tipo carioca. Existem marcadores moleculares identificados como ligados ao gene Sd e validados em populações de feijão carioca: Pvsd-1158 (SSR) e PvbHLHp12804 (SNP). Assim, esse estudo objetivou verificar se o gene que controla o escurecimento dos grãos em diferentes genótipos de feijão com diferentes origens é o mesmo; avaliar a eficiência dos marcadores Pvsd-1158 e PvbHLHp12804 em um grupo de genótipos com grãos carioca e mulatinho; e estimar a divergência genética entre esses genótipos. Para isso, foram utilizados 17 genótipos de feijão, cultivados em dois experimentos em telado. Os grãos colhidos foram armazenados por 135 dias e avaliados fenotipicamente quanto ao escurecimento. Paralelamente, esses genótipos foram avaliados genotipicamente com os marcadores Pvsd-1158 e PvbHLHp12804 e também com um painel de 24 marcadores microssatélites para estimação da diversidade genética. Também foram realizados cruzamentos entre os genótipos 1533-15, AN512666-0 e BRSMG Madrepérola, que apresentam escurecimento lento dos grãos, para confirmar se o gene responsável pelo escurecimento nesses genótipos é o mesmo. Para isso, foram avaliadas progênies F2:3 por meio de testes de segregação a partir dos dados obtidos da avaliação fenotípica do escurecimento. Considerando as 17 linhagens, 13 apresentaram escurecimento lento, três apresentaram escurecimento normal e uma não apresentou escurecimento. Os marcadores Pvsd-1158 e PvbHLHp12804 apresentaram os alelos esperados de acordo com a avaliação fenotípica em 14 dos 16 genótipos que apresentaram algum escurecimento, representando 87,5% de coincidência com os dados fenotípicos e indicando que o gene Sd é o responsável pelo escurecimento dos grãos nesses genótipos. A linhagem CNFM11940, com grãos mulatinho e a cultivar TAA Dama, com grãos carioca apresentaram escurecimento lento e alelos relativos ao escurecimento normal para os dois marcadores. Isso indica que houve recombinação nessa região genômica, provocando a separação entre os marcadores e o gene Sd, ou que existe outro gene conferindo o escurecimento lento nesses genótipos. As estimativas de divergência genética entre os genótipos forneceram informações adicionais para comparação dos genótipos. Adicionalmente, todas as progênies F2:3 oriundas das três populações, apresentaram escurecimento lento e, portanto, não houve segregação. Assim, o gene que controla o escurecimento dos grãos em feijão pinto e carioca é o gene Sd. The darkening of bean grains (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) occurs after harvest and leads to loss of commercial value of the product. This trait is controlled by one gene, in which the dominant allele confers the normal grain darkening of the carioca and pinto type. In the pinto type, this gene was denominated Sd (Slow darkening). However, there are no reports that the gene identified in pinto is the same as in the carioca type. Molecular markers linked to the Sd gene have been identified and validated in carioca type populations: Pvsd-1158 (SSR) and PvbHLHp12804 (SNP). Thus, this study aimed to verify if the gene that controls the darkening of the grains in different genotypes is the same; evaluate the efficiency of the markers Pvsd-1158 and PvbHLHp12804 in a group of genotypes with carioca and mulatinho (cream) grains; and estimate the genetic divergence among these genotypes. For this, 17 bean genotypes were used, which were grown in two experiments in greenhouse. The harvested grains were stored for 135 days and phenotypically evaluated for darkening. In parallel, these genotypes were evaluated genotypically with the markers Pvsd-1158 and PvbHLHp12804 and also with a panel of 24 microsatellite markers for estimation of genetic diversity. Crossings were also performed between genotypes 1533-15, AN512666-0 and BRSMG Madrepérola, which present slow darkening of the grains, to confirm if the gene responsible for the slow darkening is the same. For this, progenies F2:3 were evaluated by segregation tests from the data obtained from the phenotypic evaluation of the darkening. Considering the 17 lines,, 13 lines showed slow darkening, three presented normal darkening and one presented no darkening. The Pvsd-1158 and PvbHLHp12804 markers presented the expected alleles according to the phenotypic evaluation in 14 of the 16 genotypes that presented some darkening, representing 87.5% coincidence with the phenotypic data, indicating that the Sd gene is responsible for the darkening the grains in these genotypes. The line CNFM11940, with grains mulatinho (cream) and the cultivar TAA Dama, with carioca grains presented slow darkening and alleles linked to normal darkening for the two markers. This indicates that there were recombination in this genomic region, taunting the separation between the markers and the Sd gene, or that there is another gene conferring the slow darkening in these genotypes. Estimation of genetic divergence among the genotypes provided additional information for comparison of the genotypes. Additionally, all the progenies F2:3 originating from the three populations showed slow darkening and, therefore, there was no segregation. Thus, the gene that controls the darkening of the grains in beans pinto and carioca is the Sd gene.

Apple breeding has been extremely successful in providing a highly diverse fruit crop. Recent (>50 millions years ago) genome-wide duplication (GWD) resulted in the 17 chromosomes in the Pyreae and confirmed the origin of cultivated apple on Malus sieversii being the same species as M. × domestica. Malus, as many other species in the family Rosaceae, shows gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), which forces outcrossing. GSI at the pistil is regulated by extacellular ribonuclease, S-RNase, which is encoded by S locus. Growers and agronomists have provided multiple cultivars with different colors, shapes, resistances, climatic adaptation or industrial aptitudes. The aim in apple breeding was the combination of different kinds of resistance and good fruit quality to produce dessert cultivars and cultivars for processing. Some of the best of these cultivars display resistance to scab (Venturia inaequalis), mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae), red spider mite (Panonychus ulmi), winterfrost and good fruit quality. Different scab resistance sources of wild species (Vf, Vr, VA) were combined in the new series of cultivars. Multiple efforts worldwide have conserved most of that variation, the pillar for the traditional and new techniques profiting from the analysis of the apple genome, the genome-wide association studies (GWAS), identifying SNPs and genes, the analysis of genes differentially expressed (GDE) identified by qRT-PCR and microarray analysis, and the recent molecular genetic tool CRISPR/Cas9 to edit and correct the genome.

Downy mildew is a fungal disease caused by Plasmopara halstedii and leads to loss of yield up to 100% in sunflower. Disease control is performed mostly through chemical seed treatment and breeding. Due to the time consuming nature of conventional breeding, it is supported by biotechnological approaches. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a strategic approach in molecular breeding using molecular markers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) such as insertions, deletions, and base-pair substitutions are more advantageous than other molecular markers. The abundance and biallelic nature of SNPs in a genome provide flexibility in the choosing of SNPs at the desired loci. Competitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) is a genotyping technology for screening of trait-specific SNP markers. In this study, SNP markers (NSA002867, NSA006138; NSA000052, NSA000354; NSA002220, NSA002251) linked with the downy mildew resistance genes Pl(arg), Pl(13) and Pl(8), respectively, were analyzed via KASP in three parental crosses (RHA-419 x Coiombi, RHA-419 x P64LC53, RHA-419 x Oliva) for Pl(arg) one parental cross (HA-R5 x P64LC53) for Pl(13), one parental cross (P64LC53 x HA-89) for Pl(8), and 140 F-2 individuals. According to the allelic discrimination results, NSA002867 and NSA006138 markers were discriminative in all crosses for PIarg, NSA000354 marker was discriminative for Pl(13), and NSA002220 and NSA002251 markers were discriminative for PI8. This study has revealed the potential use of SNP markers in combination with KASP assay for MAS studies, particularly downy mildew resistance in sunflower.

RESUMO: O estudo visou inferir sobre a estabilidade genética, com base na viabilidade polínica, em genótipos de triticale hexaploide utilizados no bloco de cruzamentos do programa de melhoramento genético da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa Trigo). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Para cada genótipo, foram avaliadas cinco repetições e cada repetição foi constituída por uma planta. Analisaram-se, por meio de microscopia óptica e pela técnica de Squash com corante carmim acético 1%, 200 grãos de pólen por lâmina, totalizando 1.000 grãos de pólen por genótipo. As variáveis analisadas foram: grãos de pólen binucleados e trinucleados, com pouco amido, vazios, com mais de um poro e de tamanhos diferentes. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 1%. Houve diferença significativa entre todas as variáveis. A porcentagem de grãos de pólen binucleados e/ou trinucleados variou de 74 a 97%. Concluiu-se que 66% dos genótipos avaliados apresentaram viabilidade polínica acima de 90%, sendo indicados a continuar fazendo parte do programa de melhoramento genético de triticale, tanto na seleção de parentais como durante os cruzamentos e retrocruzamentos. Portanto, os estudos citogenéticos representam excelente ferramenta de apoio ao melhorista na escolha dos genótipos mais estáveis. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to infer about the genetic stability from the pollen viability in hexaploid triticale genotypes used in block crossings breeding program from Brazilian Company of Agriculture Research (Embrapa Wheat). The experiments were conducted in a randomized design. For each genotype five repetitions were assessed. Each replication consisted of one plant and each replication consisted of one plant. Two hundred pollen grains were analyzed by optical microscopy and by the squash technique with 1% acetic carmine dye per slide, totalizing 1,000 pollen grains per genotype. The variables analyzed were: binucleate and trinucleate pollen grains, with little starch, empty, with more than one pore and with different sizes. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey test at 1%. There were significant differences between all variables. The percentage of binucleate and/or trinucleate grains ranged from 74 to 97%. We conclude that 66% of genotypes present pollen viability above 90% and they are indicated to remain of the breeding program of triticale, both in the selection of parenting as during the crossing and backcrossing. Therefore, the cytogenetic studies represent excellent support tool for breeder in selecting the most stable genotypes.

Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are an important factor determining the nutritional value of grass forage and development of genetic markers for selection of WSC traits in perennial ryegrass would benefit future breeding programmes. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for WSC have been published for an F(2) ryegrass mapping family. Markers showing significant associations with these QTLs were used to design narrow-based populations with homozygosity for target QTLs. Founders were selected from within the mapping family. The divergent populations produced were analysed for WSC content in the glasshouse and the field. There was evidence of complex interactions between WSC content and other factors and traits, including the scale of assessment, time/degree of sward establishment and other forage quality parameters. Differences between the divergent pairs of the various populations were small. However, differences observed between the founder selection groups were maintained and the roles of the QTL regions in regulating forage WSC content were confirmed. In general, the individual divergent populations exploited only a limited extent of the large phenotypic variation available within the mapping family. However, this study sets the scene for exploring the opportunities for marker-assisted breeding strategies for complex traits in obligate out-breeding species, and the challenges of doing this are discussed.

11 pages., Sharka ( Plum pox virus , PPV), is one of the most serious viral diseases affecting apricot production in those areas that are affected. The development and cultivation of new resistant cultivars could be the definitive solution to the disease. In this process of development and introduction of new resistant cultivars, the availability of a reliable method is of great interest for the evaluation of resistance. The development of molecular (genomic or proteomic) markers linkage to this trait could greatly accelerate this evaluation process in apricot. In this work, a double strategy for the development of molecular markers linkage to PPV resistance in apricot is presented: search for genomic (DNA) markers and study the protein expression through 2D electrophoresis (proteomic markers). The search of DNA markers linkage to the resistance is focused on the application of SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers located in the linkage group I, in which PPV resistance has been located by different authors. On the other hand, studies of activity of antioxidant enzymes and protein expression by 2D electrophoresis have been performed in resistant and susceptible apricot cultivars.

The aim of this paper was to explore general characteristics of multistage breeding schemes and to evaluate multistage dairy cattle breeding schemes that use information on quantitative trait loci (QTL). Evaluation was either for additional genetic response or for reduction in number of progeny-tested bulls while maintaining the same response. The reduction in response in multistage breeding schemes relative to comparable single-stage breeding schemes (i.e., with the same overall selection intensity and the same amount of information in the final stage of selection) depended on the overall selection intensity, the selection intensity in the various stages of the breeding scheme, and the ratio of the accuracies of selection in the various stages of the breeding scheme. When overall selection intensity was constant, reduction in response increased with increasing selection intensity in the first stage. The decrease in response was highest in schemes with lower overall selection intensity. Reduction in response was limited in schemes with low to average emphasis on first-stage selection, especially if the accuracy of selection in the first stage was relatively high compared with the accuracy in the final stage. Closed nucleus breeding schemes in dairy cattle that use information on QTL were evaluated by deterministic simulation. In the base scheme, the selection index consisted of pedigree information and own performance (dams), or pedigree information and performance of 100 daughters (sires). In alternative breeding schemes, information on a QTL was accounted for by simulating an additional index trait. The fraction of the variance explained by the QTL determined the correlation between the additional index trait and the breeding goal trait. Response in progeny test schemes relative to a base breeding scheme without QTL information ranged from +4.5% (QTL explaining 5% of the additive genetic variance) to +21.2% (QTL explaining 50% of the additive genetic variance). A QTL explaining 5% of the additive genetic variance allowed a 35% reduction in the number of progeny tested bulls, while maintaining genetic response at the level of the base scheme. Genetic progress was up to 31.3% higher for schemes with increased embryo production and selection of embryos based on QTL information. The challenge for breeding organizations is to find the optimum breeding program with regard to additional genetic progress and additional (or reduced) cost.

International audience; The seed is the carrier of the genetic improvements brought about by modern plant breeding, and seed production is carried out in accordance with certification systems to guarantee consistent high quality. In forage legumes, breeding efforts are primarily related to the vegetative development of the plant, although the commercial success of an agronomically superior cultivar is dependent on a reliable supply of competitively priced seed. In seed production of the three most important forage legumes, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), crop management techniques are applied to stimulate reproductive development in order to obtain high seed yields. These include a low plant density, manipulation of canopy size to avoid lodging and shading of fruiting organs, synchronization of flowering with pollinating insects as well as controlling pests. High seed yield is correlated to inflorescence density and seed yield per inflorescence, traits which should be selected for in breeding populations as moderate to high heritability has been found. However, seed yield is a genetically complex trait and in the perennial, insect-pollinated forage legumes it is further highly influenced by environmental conditions and crop management factors. Further investigations into the use of plant growth regulators and an improved understanding of the interaction between pollinators and the seed crop might improve future seed yields. There is likely to be an increasing emphasis on the role of forage legumes in producing high-quality meat and milk, combined with the requirement to reduce the environmental footprint of grassland agriculture. A high forage legume seed yield is a prerequisite to meet market requirements for new, improved cultivars and hence achieve the economic impacts of modern plant breeding for a better livelihood and environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-05-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:07:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2014000500364.pdf: 590812 bytes, checksum: 012b6a959a6ff3c8f354677cb78be96a (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as frequências de polimorfismos alélicos em genes de bovinos Nelore e associá-los às características de carcaça e qualidade da carne. Seiscentos machos foram genotipados quanto aos seguintes polimorfismos: DGAT1 (VNTR com 18 nucleotídeos na região promotora); ANK1, novo polimorfismo, identificado no presente estudo e mapeado na região gênica regulatória NW_001494427.3; TCAP (AY428575.1:g.346G>A); e MYOG (NW_001501985:g.511G>C). No estudo de associação, foram utilizados os dados fenotípicos de massa da carcaça quente, área de olho do lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, percentagem de gordura intramuscular, força de cisalhamento, índice de fragmentação miofibrilar, coloração da carne (L*, a*, b*) e perdas por cocção. O alelo B do gene ANK1 foi associado ao aumento da coloração vermelha (a*) da carne. No gene DGAT1, os alelos 5R, 6R e 7R foram associados ao aumento de gordura intramuscular, à redução das perdas por cocção e ao aumento da área de olho de lombo, respectivamente. O SNP (polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único) do gene TCAP não apresentou polimorfismo, e os alelos do gene MYOG não foram associados a nenhuma das características avaliadas. Os resultados indicam que os genes ANK1 e DGAT1 podem ser utilizados na seleção de animais Nelore quanto à qualidade de carne e carcaça. The objective of this work was to estimate the allele polymorphism frequencies of genes in Nellore cattle and associate them with meat quality and carcass traits. Six hundred males were genotyped for the following polymorphisms: DGAT1 (VNTR with 18 nucleotides at the promoter region); ANK1, a new polymorphism, identified and mapped here at the gene regulatory region NW_001494427.3; TCAP (AY428575.1:g.346G>A); and MYOG (NW_001501985:g.511G>C). In the association study, phenotype data of hot carcass weight, ribeye area, backfat thickness, percentage of intramuscular fat, shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index, meat color (L*, a*, b*), and cooking losses were used. Allele B from the ANK1 gene was associated with greater redness (a*). Alleles 5R, 6R, and 7R from the DGAT1 VNTR gene were associated with increased intramuscular fat, reduced cooking losses and increased ribeye area, respectively. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TCAP gene was not polymorphic, and MYOG alleles were not associated with any of the evaluated characteristics. These results indicate that ANK1 and DGAT1 genes can be used in the selection of Nellore cattle for carcass and meat quality. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal

The objective of this work was to estimate the allele polymorphism frequencies of genes in Nellore cattle and associate them with meat quality and carcass traits. Six hundred males were genotyped for the following polymorphisms: DGAT1 (VNTR with 18 nucleotides at the promoter region); ANK1, a new polymorphism, identified and mapped here at the gene regulatory region NW_001494427.3; TCAP (AY428575.1:g.346G>A); and MYOG (NW_001501985:g.511G>C). In the association study, phenotype data of hot carcass weight, ribeye area, backfat thickness, percentage of intramuscular fat, shear force, myofibrillar fragmentation index, meat color (L*, a*, b*), and cooking losses were used. Allele B from the ANK1 gene was associated with greater redness (a*). Alleles 5R, 6R, and 7R from the DGAT1 VNTR gene were associated with increased intramuscular fat, reduced cooking losses and increased ribeye area, respectively. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the TCAP gene was not polymorphic, and MYOG alleles were not associated with any of the evaluated characteristics. These results indicate that ANK1 and DGAT1 genes can be used in the selection of Nellore cattle for carcass and meat quality. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar as frequências de polimorfismos alélicos em genes de bovinos Nelore e associá-los às características de carcaça e qualidade da carne. Seiscentos machos foram genotipados quanto aos seguintes polimorfismos: DGAT1 (VNTR com 18 nucleotídeos na região promotora); ANK1, novo polimorfismo, identificado no presente estudo e mapeado na região gênica regulatória NW_001494427.3; TCAP (AY428575.1:g.346G>A); e MYOG (NW_001501985:g.511G>C). No estudo de associação, foram utilizados os dados fenotípicos de massa da carcaça quente, área de olho do lombo, espessura de gordura subcutânea, percentagem de gordura intramuscular, força de cisalhamento, índice de fragmentação miofibrilar, coloração da carne (L*, a*, b*) e perdas por cocção. O alelo B do gene ANK1 foi associado ao aumento da coloração vermelha (a*) da carne. No gene DGAT1, os alelos 5R, 6R e 7R foram associados ao aumento de gordura intramuscular, à redução das perdas por cocção e ao aumento da área de olho de lombo, respectivamente. O SNP (polimorfismo de nucleotídeo único) do gene TCAP não apresentou polimorfismo, e os alelos do gene MYOG não foram associados a nenhuma das características avaliadas. Os resultados indicam que os genes ANK1 e DGAT1 podem ser utilizados na seleção de animais Nelore quanto à qualidade de carne e carcaça.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a presença do alelo Pvr4, que confere resistência contra o PepYMV (Pepper yellow mosaic virus), em genótipos de pimentão comunmente encontrados no mercado brasileiro, com uso de um marcador molecular codominante tipo CAPS. A resistência ao PepYMV, nos genótipos CM-334-INRA, Myr-29 e em genótipos derivados do híbrido comercial Mônica-R, foi detectada como associada à banda de 444 pb, ligada ao alelo de resistência Pvr4. As plantas resistentes homozigotas (pvr4/pvr4) mostraram uma banda de 444 pb, as suscetíveis (Pvr4+/Pvr4+) uma banda de 458 pb e as resistentes heterozigotas (Pvr4+/Pvr4) mostraram as duas bandas. No entanto, no acesso resistente CM-334-UFV, nos híbridos Magali-R e Martha-R, assim como em populações derivadas desse acesso e desses híbridos, a resistência ao PepYMV não esteve associada ao marcador CAPS. O acesso CM-334-UFV ('Criollo de Morelos-334', de Viçosa, MG) distinguiu-se do CM-334-INRA ('Criollo de Morelos-334', da França); embora ambos os acessos tenham sido resistentes ao PepYMV, apenas em CM-334-INRA foi encontrada a associação da resistência com a banda de 444 pb. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of the Pvr4 allele, which controls the resistance to the PepYMV (Pepper yellow mosaic virus), in sweet pepper genotypes commonly available in the Brazilian market, using a CAPS codominant molecular marker. The resistance to PepYMV, in the genotypes CM-334-INRA, Myr-29, and in genotypes derived from the hybrid Mônica-R, was found to be associated with the 444 bp band linked to the resistance allele Pvr4. Homozygous resistant plants (pvr4/pvr4) showed a single band of 444 bp, the susceptible ones (Pvr4+/Pvr4+) showed a band of 458 bp, and the heterozygous resistant plants (Pvr4+/Pvr4) showed both bands. However, in the resistant accession CM-334-UFV, and in the hybrids Magali-R and Martha-R, as well as in populations derived from this accession and these hybrids, the resistance to PepYMV was not associated to the CAPS marker. The accession CM-334-UFV ('Criollo de Morelos-334' from Viçosa, MG, Brazil) was distinct from CM-334-INRA ('Criollo de Morelos-334', from France); although both accessions were resistant to PepYMV, the association of resistance with the 444 bp band was found only in CM-334-INRA.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genético de famílias endogâmicas de feijão carioca provenientes de cinco populações oriundas de cruzamentos envolvendo linhagens elites e uma fonte de resistência a doenças (Rudá-R), bem como avaliar a eficiência de marcadores moleculares SCAR na seleção de plantas resistentes a antracnose e mancha angular, por ocasião da abertura dos bulks. Foram avaliadas a arquitetura da planta, a produtividade e o aspecto de grãos. Observou-se efeito significativo entre famílias dentro de populações, indicando ampla variabilidade genética para os caracteres avaliados. Foram selecionadas 26 famílias superiores e que reuniam maior número de marcas, identificadas por marcadores SCAR na geração F4. Dessas, 18 famílias foram resistentes às raças 65 e 453 de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e cinco resistentes à raça 63.23 de Pseudocercospora griseola. Assim, a seleção assistida por marcadores SCAR, na geração F4, mostrou ser uma ferramenta importante no melhoramento do feijoeiro. The objective of the present study was to assess the genetic potential of inbred carioca common bean families from five populations derived from crossings involving elite lines and a disease-resistant line (Rudá-R), and to assess the efficiency of SCAR molecular markers in selecting plants resistant to anthracnose and angular leaf spot, at the time of bulk formation. Plant architecture, yield and grain type were assessed. Significant effect among families within population was observed, suggesting wide genetic variability for the characters assessed. Twenty-six superior families were selected. The families contained the greatest number of markers, identified by SCAR molecular markers in the F4 generation. Eighteen of these families were resistant to the races 65 and 453 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and five were resistant to the race 63.23 of Pseudocercospora griseola. Thus selection assisted by SCAR markers, in the F4 generation, was an important tool in common bean breeding.

The objective of the present study was to assess the genetic potential of inbred carioca common bean families from five populations derived from crossings involving elite lines and a disease-resistant line (Rudá-R), and to assess the efficiency of SCAR molecular markers in selecting plants resistant to anthracnose and angular leaf spot, at the time of bulk formation. Plant architecture, yield and grain type were assessed. Significant effect among families within population was observed, suggesting wide genetic variability for the characters assessed. Twenty-six superior families were selected. The families contained the greatest number of markers, identified by SCAR molecular markers in the F4 generation. Eighteen of these families were resistant to the races 65 and 453 of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and five were resistant to the race 63.23 of Pseudocercospora griseola. Thus selection assisted by SCAR markers, in the F4 generation, was an important tool in common bean breeding. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial genético de famílias endogâmicas de feijão carioca provenientes de cinco populações oriundas de cruzamentos envolvendo linhagens elites e uma fonte de resistência a doenças (Rudá-R), bem como avaliar a eficiência de marcadores moleculares SCAR na seleção de plantas resistentes a antracnose e mancha angular, por ocasião da abertura dos bulks. Foram avaliadas a arquitetura da planta, a produtividade e o aspecto de grãos. Observou-se efeito significativo entre famílias dentro de populações, indicando ampla variabilidade genética para os caracteres avaliados. Foram selecionadas 26 famílias superiores e que reuniam maior número de marcas, identificadas por marcadores SCAR na geração F4. Dessas, 18 famílias foram resistentes às raças 65 e 453 de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e cinco resistentes à raça 63.23 de Pseudocercospora griseola. Assim, a seleção assistida por marcadores SCAR, na geração F4, mostrou ser uma ferramenta importante no melhoramento do feijoeiro.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_marco_andre_paldes_da_costa.pdf: 3629797 bytes, checksum: cb9f7519cccc3939652d2f7422468afc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 Cattle (Bos taurus) represent an important phylogenetic resource for understanding of evolutionary aspects and complex traits. On its genome, microsatellites repeats constituted the basis for genotyping in different studies as the genetic mapping. So, this study has by aim to describe the distribution of these sequences along of the taurine bovine genome, ascribing to them structural and functional annotation, besides supply a resource for that such information may assist future investigations on these regions. With a genomic coverage estimated at 0.8%, around 1.3 million loci were identified, of which 90.5% classified as perfect. Monomers occurred in greater number and frequency, followed by tetramers, dimers, trimers, pentamers and hexamers. However dimers and pentamers contributed in density more than tetramers. Regardless of the type of repetition, always the largest proportion of repetitive stretches distributed on IG, Introns and GPG regions. Nevertheless, density and frequency on PR and 5'UTR overcame IG. Through of these descriptors similarities could be observed between IG, Introns and 3'UTR, as too for PR and 5'UTR. Annotation for biological process, molecular function and cellular component were super-represented in genes harboring repetitive sequences. Using mapping references, as gene annotation, STS, SNPs and other repetitive elements already described, the Pampeano Animal Genetic Resources online platform provides an important resource for that the information gathered can to assist the planning of new approaches, in especial to obtaining molecular markers destinated to selection of traits of interest to the genetic improvement of the species. Bovinos (Bos taurus) representam um importante recurso filogenético para compreensão de aspectos evolutivos e características complexas. Sobre seu genoma, repetições microssatélites constituíram a base para genotipagem em diferentes estudos, como o mapeamento genético. Assim, esse trabalho teve por objetivo descrever a distribuição destas sequências ao longo do genoma bovino taurino, atribuindo a elas anotação estrutural e funcional, além de disponibilizar um recurso para que tal informação possa auxiliar investigações futuras sobre tais regiões. Com uma cobertura genômica estimada em 0,8%, cerca de 1.3 milhões de loci foram identificados, dos quais 90,5% classificados como perfeitos. Monômeros ocorreram em maior número e frequência, seguidos por tetrâmeros, dímeros, trímeros, pentâmeros e hexâmeros. Contudo dímeros e pentâmeros contribuíram em densidade mais que tetrâmeros. Independente do tipo de repetição, sempre a maior proporção dos trechos repetitivos distribuíram-se sobre regiões IG, Introns e GPG. Apesar disso, densidade e frequência em 5 UTR e PR superaram IG. Através desses descritores semelhanças puderam ser evidenciadas entre IG, Introns e 3 UTR, como também para PR e 5 UTR. Anotações para processo biológico, função molecular e componente celular estavam super-representadas em genes abrigando sequências repetitivas. Utilizando referências de mapeamento, como anotação gênica, STS, SNPs e outros elementos repetitivos já descritos, a plataforma on-line Pampeano Animal Genetic Resources fornece um importante recurso para que a informação reunida possa auxiliar o planejamento de novas abordagens, em especial para obtenção de marcadores moleculares destinados a seleção de características de interesse ao melhoramento genético da espécie.

A brusone (Magnaporthe oryzae) é considerada a doença mais importante dos arrozais. Devido à alta variabilidade da população do patógeno, cultivares de arroz rapidamente tem sua resistência à brusone sucumbida. A identificação e incorporação de diferentes genes de resistência em cultivares melhoradas e adaptadas, com o auxílio de técnicas moleculares, constitui-se em uma das estratégias na busca de resistência estável a serem adotadas. Tendo em vista o desafio acima colocado, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o número de alelos envolvidos na expressão de resistência do arroz a brusone, identificar marcadores microssatélites ligados a estes alelos e caracterizar a ação de duas enzimas relacionadas à patogênese. Os experimentos foram conduzidos sob condições controladas de casa de vegetação e laboratório. As gerações F1, F2, RC1:1 e RC1:2 foram semeadas em bandejas plásticas. Cada bandeja continha oito linhas, sendo dez plantas por linha. Cada patótipo de M. oryzae foi inoculado em trinta plantas do genitor resistente, trinta plantas do genitor suscetível, duzentas plantas da população F2, cem plantas da população RC1:1 e cem plantas da população RC1:2. Os isolados 1049, patótipo IB-1 e 435, patótipo IB-9, foram cultivados em meio de cultura aveia-dextrose-ágar para produção de solução de inóculo, à concentração de 3.105 conídios.mL-1. As plantas inoculadas foram mantidas sob alta condição de umidade e temperatura média de 28ºC, durante sete dias. As avaliações foram feitas identificando a proporção de plantas resistentes e suscetíveis. Para testar onze marcadores microssatélites selecionados, foram feitas extrações de DNA de cada genitor e das populações F1 e F2. As reações de PCR assim como os ciclos de amplificação foram montadas de acordo com a característica de cada microssatélite. As reações foram submetidas a gel poliacrilamida desnaturante (6%) para identificação de polimorfismo entre os genitores e as populações F1 e F2. A caracterização enzimática foi estudada através da extração de proteínas, antes e depois da inoculação, durante cinco dias consecutivos para a determinação da atividade enzimática de β-1,3-glucanase (PR1) e peroxidase. A segregação em ambas as populações F2 apresentou proporção de três plantas resistentes para uma planta suscetível. Foi identificado um marcador microssatélite, RM7102, ligado ao alelo de resistência da cultivar Cica-8 ao patótipo IB-1. Não foi possível detectar diferenças entre as populações F2 resistentes e F2 suscetível quanto atividade de peroxidase. A população F2 suscetível, para ambos os patótipos, apresentou alta atividade de β-1,3-glucanase, enquanto a atividade da mesma enzima nos genitores e população F2 resistente não mostrou aumento significativo. Blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) is considered the most important disease of rice fields. Due to the high variability of the pathogen's population, rice cultivars quickly have its race-specific resistance to blast broken. The identification for incorporating different resistance genes in improved and adapted cultivars, utilizing molecular tools, is one breeding strategy to find stable resistance in short period. The goal of this research was to identify the number of resistance genes and SRR molecular markers to the pathotypes IB-1 and IB-9 of M. oryzae, and characterize some enzymes related to the expression of resistance. The experiments were conducted under controlled conditions of green house and laboratories. After crossing cultivar Cica-8 and cultivar Metica-1, the populations F1, F2, BC1:1 and BC2:2 were sown in plastic trays containing five kg of soil fertilized. Each tray contained eight lines with ten plants per row. Each pathotype of M. oryzae inoculated thirty plants of resistant parents, thirty plants of susceptible parents, two hundred plants of F2 population, one hundred plants of BC1:1 population and one hundred plants of BC1:2 population. The isolates 1049 (IB-1) and 435 (IB-9) were cultivated on oat medium to produce the inoculum solution (3.105 conidia.mL-1). The inoculated plants were kept under high humidity condition at 28°C, during seven days. Evaluations were made identifying the number of resistant and susceptible plants. Eleven microsatellite markers were tested by PCR strategies, utilizing DNA of each parent (resistance and susceptible), F1 and F2 populations. PCR reactions were assembled according to the characteristic of each SSR prime. The fragments were separated by denature polyacrylamide (6%) gel to identify polymorphism. Linkage analysis of the RM7102 microssatelite marker was estimated using the MAP MAKER III software. The enzymatic characterization was studied through the extraction of proteins, before and after inoculation, during five consecutive days for the determination of the activity of β-1,3-glucanase (PR1) and peroxidase. Segregation in populations F2 resistant and susceptible presented ratio of 3 plants resistant to 1 plant susceptible. An SSR marker has been identified, RM7102, and linked to the resistance gene of cultivar Cica-8 to the pathotype IB-1. Peroxidase had little activity in all populations. The F2 populations, susceptible to both isolates, presented high β-1,3- glucanase activity. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The aim of this paper was to compare the effect of haplotype definition on the precision of QTL-mapping and on the accuracy of predicted genomic breeding values. In a multiple QTL model using identity-by-descent (IBD) probabilities between haplotypes, various haplotype definitions were tested i.e. including 2, 6, 12 or 20 marker alleles and clustering base haplotypes related with an IBD probability of > 0.55, 0.75 or 0.95. Simulated data contained 1100 animals with known genotypes and phenotypes and 1000 animals with known genotypes and unknown phenotypes. Genomes comprising 3 Morgan were simulated and contained 74 polymorphic QTL and 383 polymorphic SNP markers with an average r2 value of 0.14 between adjacent markers. The total number of haplotypes decreased up to 50% when the window size was increased from two to 20 markers and decreased by at least 50% when haplotypes related with an IBD probability of > 0.55 instead of > 0.95 were clustered. An intermediate window size led to more precise QTL mapping. Window size and clustering had a limited effect on the accuracy of predicted total breeding values, ranging from 0.79 to 0.81. Our conclusion is that different optimal window sizes should be used in QTL-mapping versus genome-wide breeding value prediction.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:47:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2008001200013.pdf: 404504 bytes, checksum: 3fccd8535dc90a715e78e2da9a2c1e93 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-204X2008001200013.pdf: 404504 bytes, checksum: 3fccd8535dc90a715e78e2da9a2c1e93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:58:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-204X2008001200013.pdf: 404504 bytes, checksum: 3fccd8535dc90a715e78e2da9a2c1e93 (MD5) S0100-204X2008001200013.pdf.txt: 32026 bytes, checksum: 567b2354fc41a59b838afe6e727b5959 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:16:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-204X2008001200013.pdf: 404504 bytes, checksum: 3fccd8535dc90a715e78e2da9a2c1e93 (MD5) S0100-204X2008001200013.pdf.txt: 32026 bytes, checksum: 567b2354fc41a59b838afe6e727b5959 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-204X2008001200013.pdf: 404504 bytes, checksum: 3fccd8535dc90a715e78e2da9a2c1e93 (MD5) S0100-204X2008001200013.pdf.txt: 32026 bytes, checksum: 567b2354fc41a59b838afe6e727b5959 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-01 Os objetivos deste trabalho foram confirmar a herança da resistência da PI 459025 (Rpp4) à ferrugem-asiática-da-soja e identificar marcadores moleculares do tipo RAPD, ligados a este gene de resistência, em populações de soja. Pelo cruzamento dos genitores contrastantes PI 459025 x Coodetec 208 obteve-se uma população, cujas populações das gerações F2 e F2:3 foram artificialmente infectadas e avaliadas quanto à reação ao fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, pelo tipo de lesão (RB - resistente e TAN - suscetível). Com os resultados da avaliação fenotípica, dois bulks foram obtidos com DNA de plantas homozigóticas resistentes e suscetíveis, respectivamente, pela análise de bulks segregantes. de 600 iniciadores RAPD aleatórios, foram identificados três com fragmentos polimórficos entre os bulks e parentais contrastantes quanto à resistência. Pela análise do qui-quadrado, confirmaram-se: a herança monogênica, com dominância completa quanto à resistência ao patógeno, e a segregação 3:1 para a presença de banda dos três marcadores. Os três marcadores são ligados respectivamente a 5,1, 6,3 e 14,7 cM de distância do loco de resistência, em fase de repulsão no grupo de ligação G, o que foi confirmado pela utilização do marcador microssatélite Satt288. Estes marcadores são promissores na seleção assistida para resistência à ferrugem-asiática-da-soja. The objectives of this work were to confirm the PI 459025 inheritance of resistance (Rpp4) to Asian soybean rust pathogen and to detect RAPD markers linked to this resistance gene in soybean populations. Through the cross of the distint parental lines PI 459025 x Coodetec 208, a population was obtained, whose F2 and F2:3 generations had their populations artificially infected and evaluated for the reaction to Phakopsora pachyrhizi, by lesion type classification (RB - resistant and TAN - susceptible). Using the phenotypic results, the bulked segregant analysis was performed and two DNA bulks were obtained from homozygous resistant and homozygous susceptible plants, respectively. Out of the 600 random RAPD primers analyzed, three were identified as polymorphic fragments related to resistance, between contrasting bulks and parents. Through chi-square test, confirmations were obtained for the monogenic inheritance, with complete dominance segregation for resistance to the pathogen, and the 3:1 segregation of band presence for the markers. The three markers are linked to the resistance locus, in repulsion phase, at 5.1, 6.3 and 14.7 cM from it, in the linkage group G, which was confirmed by using the microsatellite marker Satt288. These makers are promising in assisted selection for Asian soybean rust resistance. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Produção Vegetal Faculdade de Tecnologia de Jaboticabal Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Departamento de Genética Tropical Melhoramento e Genética Ltda Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Produção Vegetal

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:03:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 morceli_tgs_dr_jabo.pdf: 699244 bytes, checksum: f1671e3db3a2b611f86d79aaccfe36e0 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A ferrugem asiática da soja, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Sidow & P. Sidow) foi relatada no Brasil ao final da safra 2001 e já nas safras seguintes, ocasionou severas perdas de produtividade. Cinco genes de resistência à ferrugem asiática da soja (Rpp1 a Rpp5) estão descritos na literatura. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi identificar marcadores moleculares microssatélites ligados ao gene de resistência a P. pachyrhizi presente na linhagem de soja PI 200526. Uma população de plantas F2 derivada do cruzamento entre esta linhagem e a cultivar suscetível Coodetec 208, foi artificialmente inoculada e avaliada quanto à sua reação de resistência à ferrugem. Marcadores microssatélites foram testados nos genitores e em dois bulks contrastantes para possibilitar a identificação de possíveis marcadores ligados. Os três marcadores polimórficos que foram caracterizados como potencialmente associados com a resistência à ferrugem asiática foram, posteriormente, avaliados em toda a população. A resistência comportou-se como governada por um gene com dominância completa. O gene de resistência da PI 200526 foi mapeado no grupo de ligação N da soja, estando próximo ao marcador Sat_166. Existe grande possibilidade de que o gene mapeado neste estudo corresponda ao novo loco de resistência à ferrugem asiática da soja, denominado de Rpp5, recentemente descrito. The Asian soybean rust caused by the Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Sidow & P. Sidow) fungus was related in Brazil at the end of 2001 crop year, and already in the following seasons, caused severe losses in productivity. Five distinct resistance genes to Asian rust (Rpp1 to Rpp5) are described. The main objective of this work was to identify microsatellite markers linked to a resistance gene to P. pachyrhizi present in the soybean line PI 200526. One population of F2 plants originated from the cross between this resistant line and the suscetible cultivar Coodetec 208 was artificially inoculated and evaluated for the Asian rust resistance. Microsatellite markers were tested on parents and in the two contrasting bulks to enable the identification of linked markers. The three polymorphic markers that were identified potentially associated with resistance to Asian rust were then evaluated throughout the progeny. The resistance showed to be governed by a gene with complete dominance. The resistance gene of PI 200526 was mapped on the soybean linkage group N, being close to Sat_166 marker. Possibly, the gene mapped on this linkage group is part of the new locus of resistance to Asian soybean rust, called Rpp5, recently described.